英語四級語法有哪些
大學英語四級常用語法匯總
現在分詞短語有時可用作時間狀語, 相當於when引起的從句:
Seeing those pictures, he couldn't help thinking of those memorable days they spent together.
如果兩個動作是完全同時發生的, 多用when 或while加分詞這種結構.
Be careful when crossing the street.
When leaving the airport, they waved again and again to us.
She got to know them while attending a conference in Beijing.
前面帶有代詞或名詞的動名詞結構: 一個動名詞前面可以加一個物主代詞(或名詞的.所有格結構), 來表示這 個動名詞邏輯上的主語.
Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.
Our sole worry is your relying too much on yourself.
Do you mind my reading your paper?
They insisted on my staying there for supper.
如果不是在句子開頭, 這個結構常常可以用名詞的普通格(或人稱代詞賓格), 這比用所有格更自然一些.
I don't mind him going.
She hates people losing their temper.
只能用動名詞作賓語的動詞:
suggest, finish, avoid, stop, can't help, mind, admit, enjoy, leave off, require, postpone, put off, delay, practise, fancy, excuse, pardon, advise, consider, deny, enre, escape, miss
既可用動名詞, 也可用不定式作賓語的動詞: love, like, hate, dislike, begin, start, continue, intend, attempt, can』t bear, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, neglect, try, deserve, can』t afford等.
有時兩種結構之間意義差別不大, 有時卻有不同的意思. 在remember, regret, want, try等詞後差別是比較明顯的.
I remember seeing her once somewhere.
I must remember to take my notebooks with me.
I regret not having accepted your advice.
I regret to say I haven't given you enough help.
She doesn't want (need) to come.
The house wants (needs) cleaning.
We must try to get everything done in time.
Let's try doing the work some other way.
懸垂修飾: 分詞作狀語時, 表示的必須是主語的一個動作或狀態.
Walking through the park, we saw a lot of flowers. (walking是we的動作, 正確)
Walking through the park, the flowers looked very beautiful. (錯誤)
Standing on the tower, we could see the whole city. (正確)
Standing on the tower, the whole village could be seen. (錯誤)
;⑵ 英語四級的語法都有哪些
說實在的，英語四級、六級和高中英語的區別不在語法上，而在詞彙量和閱讀能力上，只要高中英語課上所學過的所有語法知識都會了，並且四級的單詞都會了，閱讀速度快，過四級很輕松，說不定還會得高分呢！
⑶ 大學英語四級常用語法
大學英語四級常用語法
被動式: 當不定式的邏輯上的主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者時, 不定式一般要用被動形式.
It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.
She hated to be flattered.
He wanted the letter to be typed at once.
This is bound to be found out.
There are a lot of things to be done.
She was too young to be assigned such work.
功用: 不定式可以作主語 (a), 賓語 (b), 表語 (c), 定語 (d) 或是狀語 (e).
a. To scold her would not be just.
b. We are planning to build a reservoir here.
c. One of our main tasks now is to mechanize agriculture.
d. Do you have anything to declare?
e. We have come to learn from you.
不帶to 的不定式:
在「動詞+ 賓語+不定式」結構中, 如果動詞是表示感覺意義的see, hear, watch, smell, feel, notice等, 或是表示「致使」意義的 have, make, let等, 其後的不定式結構不帶to.
John made her tell him everything.
這類結構轉換為被動語態時, 後面的不帶to 的不定式一般還原為帶to 的不定式.
She was made to tell him everything.
在 had better, had best, would rather, would sooner, would just as soon, might (just) as well, cannot but 等搭配之後, 動詞不定式也不帶to.
I'd rather not have eggs and bacon for breakfast.
They cannot but accept his term.
在make do, make believe, let drop, let fall, let fly, let slip, let drive, let go of, let there be, hear say, hear tell, leave go of等固定搭配中, 用不帶to的動詞不定式.
John let fly a torrent of abuse at me.
I've heard tell of him.
在動詞help(或help +賓語)之後可用不帶to的不定式, 也可用帶to的不定式.
Can I help (to) lift this heavy box?
在介詞except, but 之後, 如果其前有動詞do的`某種形式, 不定式一般不帶to, 反之帶to.
There is nothing to do except wait till it stops raining.
Smith will do anything but work on a farm.
There's no choice but to wait till it stops raining.
連詞 rather than, sooner than 置於句首時, 其後的不定式不帶to.
Rather than push the book back as he wanted to do, he forced himself to pick it up.
出現在句中其他位置時, 其後的不定式有時帶to, 有時不帶to.
He decided to write rather than telephone.
The manager believes it is important to invest in new machinery rather than to increase wages.
用作補語的動詞不定式, 如果主語是由「all + 關系分句」，「thing +關系分句」，「what分句」或「thing +不定式結構」等構成，並帶有do的某種形式，這時，作為主語補語的不定式可以省to，也可以不省.
What he will do is (to) spoil the whole thing.
All you do now is complete the form
The only thing I can do now is go on by myself.
The thing to do now is clear up this mess.
The least I can do is drive everybody else closer to the issue.
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強調的是動作的結果; being erected 強調的是動作的過程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);
give away 泄露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他並肩對付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅持，繼續。
6. I should like to rent a house， modern， comfortable and _B_ in a quiet neighborhood.
A all in all B above all C after all D over all
all in all 總而言之;above all 首先，尤其是;after all 畢竟，終究;overall 全面的，總體的
in a word 總之，in short 簡而言之，in conclusion 最後，總之，to sum up總之，總而言之。
7. _B_ we have finished the course， we shall start doing more revision work.
A For now B Now that C Ever since D By now
now that 既然，由於(相當於since); ever since 自從…以來。
與that搭配且後面可以加句子的幾個表達形式：
now that 既然，由於; in that 因為; except that 除…之外。
except後面加名詞或代詞;except that後面加句子。
8. What you have done is _D_ the doctor』s orders.
A attached to B responsible to C resistant to D contrary to
be attached to 連接，附屬; This school is attached to Beida. 這所學校附屬於北大。
responsible to 對…負有責任; resistant adj. 反抗的，抵抗的; water resistant 防水的。
be contrary to 與。。相反(相違背)。
9. John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week.
A not going B not to go C not having been going D not to be going
regret doing 後悔做過某事; regret to do sth. 遺憾的做某事(應用語境非常有限)。
10. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _B_.
A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out of practice
out of work 失業; out of reach 夠不著 within reach 夠得著; out of practice 缺乏練習。
;⑷ 英語四六級口語的語法知識點
【 #英語口語# 導語】英語四六級口語考試主要考查語法的有兩個題型：選詞填空和翻譯。以下是 無 整理的英語四六級口語的語法知識點，歡迎閱讀！1.英語四六級口語的語法知識點
一、虛擬語氣。應著重復習能引起虛擬語氣的某些介詞、介詞短語明腔和連詞(如lest,incase,otherwise等);一部分表示建議、主張、命令等概念的詞語，由於本身隱含說話人的主觀願望，其後的主語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句往往採用「should+動詞原形」。
二、獨立主格題。一般說來，在句子中沒有連接詞的情況下，逗號是無力連接兩個句子的，其中一個分句要麼是非謂語形式，要麼是獨立主格結構。兩種結構都做狀語，不同的是獨立主格結構有自己的邏輯主語。
三、時態。英語中共有16個時態。四級考試中出現最多的是將來完成時、現在完成時、過去完成時和完成進行時。
四、名詞性從句。形容詞性的定語從句是考核的重點，用什麼引導詞，引導詞前面的介詞形式，引導詞在從句中做什麼成分，從句的語序等均有可能成為考點。此外，主語從句、同位語從句、賓語從句也應適當復習。
五、主謂一致。這類考題靈活性大，需要根據實際情況判斷謂語動詞的單復數形式。一部分具有生命意義的集合名詞做主語時謂語動詞多採用復數形式。
六、倒裝結構。分為全部倒裝和部分倒裝。那些否定詞(組)、介詞短語能引起倒裝句，部分倒裝和全部倒裝有和區別，as在倒裝結構中的用法及意義等等，都是考生應當重視的地方。
七、非謂語動詞。①根據非謂語動詞同其所修飾的名詞或邏輯主語的一致關系，確定使用主動語態或被動語態，然後考慮採用現在分詞、現在分詞被動式或過去分詞;②非謂語動詞同主句謂語動詞動作發生的先後關系。動作正在進行的用現在分詞進行式，同時發生或不分先後發生的用現在現在分詞一般式或過去分詞;在主句謂語動詞之前發生的用現在分詞完成式、不定式完成式;發生在主句謂語動詞之後的多用不定式一般式;③表狀態多用分詞，表目的多用不定式。
2.英語四六級口語考試流程
1、第一部分
本大題中考生失分的原因往往是給予的應答不對題，有些考生聽到近座考生怎麼回答就怎麼回答。其實，在考試時，每位考生所聽到的題目並不完全一樣，跟著他人回答是絕對吃虧的。
2、第二部分
(1)本題要求考生對兩個情景分別提出一個一般疑問句和一個特殊疑問句歷年考試中，有些考生不是都提一般疑問句，就是都提特殊疑問句，這樣，在句子完全正確的情況下只能得一半的分數，如果句子出現語法錯誤就不能得分。
(2)在此，考生一定要注意聽懂或看懂原文，在確定其內容和要求後再作應答。
3、第三部分
(1)本題中，考生失分最多的地方是語音、語調，相當一部分考生讀破句和讀錯字。他們急於完成朗讀而忽視了語音語調。其實，在評分時，教師並不是將重點放在考生朗讀的量上，而是在朗讀的活上。考生可以不慌不忙地讀，注意文章的停頓，讀出調子，注意失爆、連讀、語音的同化、弱讀和重讀等。
(2)以上提到的失爆、連讀、語音的同化、弱讀和重讀等必須是在一個意群(意思群體)中體現，否則會出現讀破句的現象。
4、第四部分
(1)歷年考試中，這些話題和第三部分的朗讀內容有關，所以在准備朗讀時，考生要做個有心人，將文章的主題概括出來，充實本話題。
(2)如果本話題與朗讀的內容無關，則需要學生充分發揮自己的想像力和運用所學的知識對話題展開評論。
5、第五部分
(1)失分最嚴重的地方是離題和上下文不連貫。圖片展現在考生眼前時，應認真看一看，明白其大意後再根據圖片下方所給的開頭語敘述圖片。
(2)有些考生盡管敘述比較完整，也比較連貫，但語句單調，過干簡單，這樣也會酌情扣分，所以，考生要注意用些不同的連接詞，豐富自己的語言。
(3)再者，常有些考生出現時態、主謂等的不一致問題，這有可能受到母語(漢語)的干擾或平時不注意，沒有形成最基本的語感。其實，平時經常注意就不會出現類似問題，考生不妨試試。
3.如何准備英語四六級口語考試
1、積累地道的毀嫌英語口語表達
平時就要多積累一些地道的常用英語口語表達。
2、准備自我介紹
3、多運用序數詞
口語激余衫考試就像寫作一樣，需要邏輯清晰、條理清楚。運用序數詞讓你的敘述聽上去有條理、有邏輯。所以多多使用firstofall,furthermore,finally等表示遞進關系的詞語。
4、增加和搭檔的互動
考生和搭檔之間的互動，考官不僅以你的個人表現來評判，而是更加看重你和搭檔之間的互動合作，所以在這種情況下，你和搭檔的互動一定要熱烈，讓考官聽出你是在運用自己的口語儲備答題。
4.英語六級口語試題範文
卷一：度假
隨著生活水平的提高，度假在中國人生活中的作用越來越重要。過去，中國人的時間主要花在謀生上，很少有機會外出旅遊。然而，近年來中國旅遊業發展迅速。經濟的繁榮和富裕中產階級的出現，引發了一個前所未有的旅遊熱潮。中國人不僅在國內旅遊，出國旅遊業越來越普遍。2016年國慶假日期間，旅遊消費總計超過4000億元，據世界貿易組織估計，2020年中國將成為世界上的旅遊國，在未來幾年裡將成為出境旅遊支出增長最快的國家。
As the life quality improves, taking holiday is playing an increasingly important role in the life of Chinese people. In the past, much of Chinese people』s life was spent on making a living, so we were always denied the chances to go out for a vacation. Nevertheless, the rapid development in Chinese tourism as a result of a flourishing economy, which also leads to the rise of affluent middle class has seen an unprecedented boom in travelling. Chinese people not only choose to travel at home but also seek to embark on a foreign excursion. During the National Day period, the total tourism consumption reached over 40 billion yuan. It is estimated by the WTO that by 2020, China will be the largest tourism country which will witness a rapid increase in the outbound tourism expenditures.
卷二：學漢語
隨著中國經濟的蓬勃發展，學漢語的人數迅速增加，使漢語成了世界上人們最愛學的語言之一。近年來，中國大學在國際上的排名也有了明顯的提高。由於中國教育的巨大進步，中國成為海外學生歡迎的留學目的地之一就不足為奇了。2015年，近40萬國際學生蜂擁來到中國市場。他們學習的科目不再限於中國語言和文化，而包括科學與工程。在全球教育市場上，美國和英國仍佔主導地位，但中國正在迅速趕上。
With China』s booming economy, the number of people who learn Chinese grows rapidly. It makes Chinese become one of the favorite languages that people would like to learn. Recently, Chinese universities rise significantly in world university rankings. Since the significant progress made in Chinese ecation, it is no wonder that China has been one of the most favored places for overseas students. In 2015, nearly 40,0000 international students swarmed into the Chinese market. Not confined to Chinese language and culture, the subjects they choose to learn also include science and engineering. Although the global market is still dominated by US and UK, China is striving to catch up.
5.英語四級口語試題範文
1、博客
2005年新浪Blog2.0的推出，使得博客一時間成為網路虛擬世界裡的新寵，現在至少70%的網民都是博客用戶，以至於眼下的時代被稱為「博客時代」。於是，有人預言：「20年內，博客必將取代圖書」，「博客時代，人們不要再讀書了」。也有人擔心：有了博客，讀書的人將越來越少。其實，這種預言是沒有根據的，這種擔心也屬杞人憂天。
In 2005,with the introction of Sina s blog 2.0,blogs become the new favorite of the network virtual world in a short time.At present,at least 70% of the netizens were bloggers,so that the current era is called「the era of blog」.Then some predicted:「in 20 years,blogs must replace books」,「in the era of blog,people don t need to read」.Some also worried:「blog makes people read less and less.」As a matter of fact,this prediction was baseless and such worry was over-blown.
2、喝茶
在中國，喝茶是一種儀式(ritual)，一種精緻品味(refined taste)的展示。人們在飲茶的同時，也領略著(take delight in)品茶的情趣之意。喝茶聊天是中國人中最流行的打發時間的方式。過去，他們是以進有名的茶館(teahouse)而開始一天的生活的。中國的茶館相當於法國的咖啡館和英國的酒館。人們到這里不僅是為了喝茶。
Tea drinking in China is a ritual and a demonstration of the refined taste. While drinking tea, people also take delight in the essence of tea itself. Chatting over a pot of tea is a very popular way of pastime among Chinese. In the past, they would start the day with a visit to a well-known teahouse. Chinese teahouses would be the equivalent of French cafes and English pubs. People come here not just for tea, but also to discuss local news or to have furious political debates.
⑸ 大學英語四級常用語法
大學英語四級常用語法精選大全
too…to 結構通常表示否定意義:
She was too young to understand all that.
enough…to結構則表示肯定意義:
She was not old enough to understand all that.
not too, but too, all too, only too等和不定式連用時,不定式一般不表示否定意義:
He's only too pleased to help her.
so…as (to)這種結構也可用不定式作狀語:
Be so kind as to drop in some time when you are free.
如果要說明不定式表示的動作是誰做的, 可以在不定式前加一個for引起的短語:
It is not hard for one to do a bit of good.
It is a great honour for us to be present at this rally.
在以某些形容詞(如 kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, considerate, rude, naughty, impolite等)作表語時, 不定式前可加一個of引起的短語, 來說明不定式指的是誰的情況:
It's kind of you to think so much of us.
(It is) Awfully good of you to come and meet us.
It's very nice of you to be so considerate.
It's unwise of them to turn down the proposal.
V+ing形式(現在分詞及動名詞)
形式
完成式: 如果要表示動名詞代表的動作在謂語所表示的動作之前發生, 通常用動名詞的完成形式.
He didn't mention having met me.
I regret not having taken her advice.
在某些動詞後(或成語中), 常用(或可以用)動名詞的一般形式, 盡管動作是在謂語所表示的動作之前發生的.
Excuse me for coming late.
I don't remember ever seeing him anywhere.
現在分詞的完成式主要用在狀語中, 表示這動作在謂語所表示的動作之前發生.
Having been there many times, he offered to be our guide.
Having found the cause, they were able to propose a remedy.
另外, 獨立結構也可用現在分詞的完成形式.
The guests having left, they resumed their discussion.
The children, having eating their fill, were allowed to leave the table.
被動式: 當一個動名詞邏輯上的主語所表示的是這動作的對象時, 動名詞一般要用被動形式.
His being neglected by the host added to his uneasiness.
He couldn't bear being made fun of like that.
但要注意, 在want, need, deserve, require 等動詞後, 盡管表示的是被動的意思, 卻用動名詞的主動形式.
My pen needs filling.
The point deserves mentioning.
This problem requires studying with great care.
在worth這個形容詞後情形也是這樣.
Her method is worth trying.
2016年大學英語四級語法指導(4)
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強調的是動作的`結果; being erected 強調的是動作的過程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);
give away 泄露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他並肩對付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅持，繼續。
6. I should like to rent a house， modern， comfortable and _B_ in a quiet neighborhood.
A all in all B above all C after all D over all
all in all 總而言之;above all 首先，尤其是;after all 畢竟，終究;overall 全面的，總體的
in a word 總之，in short 簡而言之，in conclusion 最後，總之，to sum up總之，總而言之。
7. _B_ we have finished the course， we shall start doing more revision work.
A For now B Now that C Ever since D By now
now that 既然，由於(相當於since); ever since 自從…以來。
與that搭配且後面可以加句子的幾個表達形式：
now that 既然，由於; in that 因為; except that 除…之外。
except後面加名詞或代詞;except that後面加句子。
8. What you have done is _D_ the doctor』s orders.
A attached to B responsible to C resistant to D contrary to
be attached to 連接，附屬; This school is attached to Beida. 這所學校附屬於北大。
responsible to 對…負有責任; resistant adj. 反抗的，抵抗的; water resistant 防水的。
be contrary to 與。。相反(相違背)。
9. John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week.
A not going B not to go C not having been going D not to be going
regret doing 後悔做過某事; regret to do sth. 遺憾的做某事(應用語境非常有限)。
10. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _B_.
A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out of practice
out of work 失業; out of reach 夠不著 within reach 夠得著; out of practice 缺乏練習。
;⑹ 大學英語四級語法指導詳解
大學英語四級語法指導詳解
大學英語四級語法指導(1)
非謂語動詞與獨立主格：短語，句子(或者句子，短語)
當短語部分有獨立主語，並且該主語不同於句子主語，這時短語結構稱為獨立主格。(它最明顯的特點是短語部分有獨立的主語)。
獨立主格的結構1：名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [現在分詞、過去分詞]
現在分詞表示主動的，正在進行的行為;過去分詞表示被動的，已經完成的行為。 作題時要通過判斷動作與名詞(代詞)之間的關系來確定是使用現在分詞還是過去分詞。當動作由名詞(代詞)發出時使用現在分詞，而名詞(代詞)是受動者時則用過去分詞。
1. Silver is the best conctor of electricity， copper _B_ it closely.
A followed B following C to follow D being followed
2. All things _A_， the planned trip will have to be called off.
A considered B be considered C considering D having considered
call off 取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四級中的考點就是現在分詞和過去分詞的區別。
獨立主格的結構2：with + 名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [句子當中作狀語]
3. After the Arab states won independence， great emphasis was laid on expanding ecation， with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.
A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged
as well as 和(相當於and); be encouraged不會考。
動詞不定式有預示將來行為的含義。to be encouraged 將要被鼓勵;
been encouraged 已經被鼓勵完了，與主句的謂語動詞相對;being encouraged 正在被鼓勵
短語部分沒有獨立主語，則短語結構稱為非謂語動詞。
非謂語動詞的結構：分詞(分詞短語)
句子的主語決定非謂語動詞中的分詞是用主動還是被動形式。如果是句子的.主語發出動作，則使用現在分詞;如果動作不是由句子的主語發出，則使用過去分詞。
1.No matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;
to be performed 將要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;
一些特殊的動詞：
第一點：forget 忘記; [反義] remember 記得;
這兩個詞後加動詞不定式表示將要進行的行為;這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式表示已經做過的事情。
注意：動名詞與現在分詞形式一樣，但含義不同。這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式都是動名詞。
forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事;
remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 記得做過某事;
2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.
him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。
大學英語四級語法指導(2)
短語部分沒有獨立主語，則短語結構稱為非謂語動詞。
非謂語動詞的結構：分詞(分詞短語)
句子的主語決定非謂語動詞中的分詞是用主動還是被動形式。如果是句子的主語發出動作，則使用現在分詞;如果動作不是由句子的主語發出，則使用過去分詞。
1.No matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;
to be performed 將要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;
一些特殊的動詞：
第一點：forget 忘記; [反義] remember 記得;
這兩個詞後加動詞不定式表示將要進行的行為;這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式表示已經做過的事情。
注意：動名詞與現在分詞形式一樣，但含義不同。這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式都是動名詞。
forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事;
remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 記得做過某事;
2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.
him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。
動名詞的復合結構：凡是一個動詞的後面可以加動名詞，就可以加動名詞的復合結構。
動作發出者 + 動名詞;當動作發出者名字給出時：名詞所有格 + 動名詞;當動名詞的復合結構在文章中出現，且動作發出者在前文中提過時：形容詞物主代詞(賓格)+ 動名詞。
形容詞物主代詞：his， her， my， your， their， our。代詞賓格：him， her， me， you， us， them。
第二點：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。
例. Your hair wants _B_. You』d better have it done tomorrow.
A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強調的是動作的結果; being erected 強調的是動作的過程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);
give away 泄露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他並肩對付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅持，繼續。
注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動含義。
例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
第三點：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味著，…的意思是…
例. There』s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台]
A making B to make C to have made D having made
大學英語四級語法指導(3)
動名詞的復合結構：凡是一個動詞的後面可以加動名詞，就可以加動名詞的復合結構。
動作發出者 + 動名詞;當動作發出者名字給出時：名詞所有格 + 動名詞;當動名詞的復合結構在文章中出現，且動作發出者在前文中提過時：形容詞物主代詞(賓格)+ 動名詞。
形容詞物主代詞：his， her， my， your， their， our。代詞賓格：him， her， me， you， us， them。
第二點：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。
例. Your hair wants _B_. You』d better have it done tomorrow.
A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut
注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動含義。
例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
第三點：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味著，…的意思是…
例. There』s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台]
A making B to make C to have made D having made
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強調的是動作的結果; being erected 強調的是動作的過程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);
give away 泄露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他並肩對付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅持，繼續。
大學英語四級語法指導(4)
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強調的是動作的結果; being erected 強調的是動作的過程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);
give away 泄露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他並肩對付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅持，繼續。
6. I should like to rent a house， modern， comfortable and _B_ in a quiet neighborhood.
A all in all B above all C after all D over all
all in all 總而言之;above all 首先，尤其是;after all 畢竟，終究;overall 全面的，總體的
in a word 總之，in short 簡而言之，in conclusion 最後，總之，to sum up總之，總而言之。
7. _B_ we have finished the course， we shall start doing more revision work.
A For now B Now that C Ever since D By now
now that 既然，由於(相當於since); ever since 自從…以來。
與that搭配且後面可以加句子的幾個表達形式：
now that 既然，由於; in that 因為; except that 除…之外。
except後面加名詞或代詞;except that後面加句子。
8. What you have done is _D_ the doctor』s orders.
A attached to B responsible to C resistant to D contrary to
be attached to 連接，附屬; This school is attached to Beida. 這所學校附屬於北大。
responsible to 對…負有責任; resistant adj. 反抗的，抵抗的; water resistant 防水的。
be contrary to 與。。相反(相違背)。
9. John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week.
A not going B not to go C not having been going D not to be going
regret doing 後悔做過某事; regret to do sth. 遺憾的做某事(應用語境非常有限)。
10. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _B_.
A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out of practice
out of work 失業; out of reach 夠不著 within reach 夠得著; out of practice 缺乏練習。
大學英語四級語法指導(5)
1.Mrs. Brown is supposed _A_ for Italy last week.
A to have left B to be leaving C to leave D to have been left
be supposed to do sth. 應該(理應)做某事。
2. He』s watching TV? He』s _D_ to be cleaning his room.
A known B considered C regarded D supposed
regard as 把…認作
3. My camera can be _B_ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.
A treated B adjusted C adopted D remedied
treat 對待，處理; I』ll treat you. 我請客，應用於真正請客之前。It』s on me. 應用於結帳時。
adjust vt. 調整，調節; adopt vt. 收養，領養; remedy vt. 彌補，補救，修正;
4. A new technique _C_， the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent.
A working out B having worked out
C having been worked out D to have been worded out
yields 產量; work out 作出，推出
關於百分數之前介詞的用法
increase to 80 percent 增加到80% (增加到用to)
increase by 60 percent增加了60% (表示增加的幅度用by)
5. Between 1974 and 1997， the number of overseas visitors expanded _A_ 27%.
A by B for C to D in
1. Children who are over-protected by their parents may become _C_.
A hurt B damaged C spoiled D harmed
spoil vt. 寵壞，溺愛
2. When Mr. Jones gets old， he will _B_ over his business to his son.
A take B hand C think D get
take over 接管接收; hand over 移交，交出; think over 仔細考慮; get over 克服，戰勝。
3. We had a party last month， and it was a lot of fun， so let』s have _A_ one this month.
A another B more C the other D other
不定代詞：1 兩者中的一個用one;另一個則用the other; 2 很多東西中的一個用one;
剩下的所有叫the others; 3 很多東西中的一個用one;剩下的所有裡面再拿一個叫another;
在剩下的裡面再拿一個還叫another(單數概念); 4 很多東西中拿了若干出來用some;
剩下所有叫others; other 後通常要加可數名詞的復數形式; more 要用在數詞的後面
once more 再來一個(用於很不正式的場合) vravo 再來一個(用於正式場合)
4. No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to _A_.
A the other B any other C another D other
neither 兩者中任意一者都不
5. It was difficult to guess what her _B_ to the news would be.
A impression B reaction C comment D opinion
reaction n. 反應; reaction to 對…作出反應
;⑺ 2020年12月大學英語四級重點語法知識三篇
【 #四六級考試# 導語】備考是一種經歷，也是一種體驗。每天進步一點點，基礎扎實一點點，通過考試就會更容易一點點。 考 網！【篇一】2020年12月大學英語四級重點語法知識
英語四級重點語法知識：條件狀語從句
連接詞主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。.
if 引導的條件句有真實條件句和非真實條件句兩種。做物非真實條件句已在虛擬語氣中闡述。
unless = if not.
Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.
If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.
典型例題
You will be late ___ you leave immediately.
A. unless B. until C. ifD. or
答案A。 句意：除非你立即走，否則你就回遲到的。可轉化為 If you dong leave immediately, you will be late.B、差胡虛D句意不對，or表轉折，句子如為 You leave immediately or you will be late.
【篇二】2020年12月大學英語四級重點語法知識
英語四級重點語法知識：讓步狀語從句
though, although
注意： 當有though, although時，後面的從句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用
Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.
雖然在下雨，但他們仍在地里幹活。
He is very old, but he still works very hard.
雖然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。
Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain.
傷口雖癒合，但傷疤留下了。 (諺語)
典型例題
1) ___she is young, she knows quite a lot.
A. WhenB. However C. Although D. Unless
答案：C。意為雖然她很年輕，卻知道許多。
2)as, though 引導的倒裝句
as / though引導的讓步從句必須表語或狀語提前(形容詞、副詞、分詞、虛燃實義動詞提前)。
Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.
注意： a.句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。
b.句首是實義動詞，其他助動詞放在主語後。如果實義動詞有賓語和狀語，隨實義動詞一起放在主語之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
= Though he tries hard, he never seems…
雖然他盡了努力，但他的工作總做的不盡人意。
3)ever if, even though.即使
We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad.
4) whether…or- 不管……都
Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
5)"no matter +疑問詞" 或"疑問詞+後綴ever"
No matter what happened, he would not mind.
Whatever happened, he would not mind.
替換：no matter what = whatever
no matter who = whoever
no matter when = whenever
no matter where = wherever
no matter which = whichever
no matter how = however
注意：no matter 不能引導主語從句和賓語從句。
(錯)No matter what you say is of no use now.
(對)Whatever you say is of no use now.
你現在說什麼也沒用了。(Whatever you say是主語從句)
(錯)Prisoners have to eat no matter what they're given,
(對)Prisoners have to eat whatever they're given.囚犯們只能給什麼吃什麼。
【篇三】2020年12月大學英語四級重點語法知識
英語四級重點語法知識：原因狀語從句
比較：because, since, as和for
1)because語勢，用來說明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的問題。當原因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知，就用as或 since。
I didn't go, because I was afraid.
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
2)由because引導的從句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 號，則可以用for來代替。但如果不是說明直接原因，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用for。
He is absent today, because / for he is ill.
He must be ill, for he is absent today.
⑻ 2021年上半年英語四級語法用法詳解
【 #四六級考試# 導語】夢想在前方，努力在路上。對於考生來說，拿到證書就是我們嚮往的遠方。以下是「2021年上半年英語四級語法用法詳解」，歡迎閱讀參考！更多相關訊息請關注 ！【篇一】2021年上半年英語四級語法用法返緩塵詳解
1. come 和 go 是一對反義詞，come(來)所表示的方向是朝向說話者的位置，而go(去)所表示的方向是離開說話者的位置。如：come here(來這兒)，come to school(來上學)，go there(去那兒)，go to school(去上學)。
2. 兩者之後均可用 and 來代替一個表目的的不定式。如：
Come and have a drink. 來喝一杯。
He went and bought some envelopes. 他去買了些信封。
3. come 之後可接不定式，表示經過某一過程而發生某一情況，常譯為「開始」「漸漸地」「終於」，但是動詞go不能這樣用。如：
How did you come to know her? 你是怎麼認識她的?
You'll come to understand your parents someday. 你總有一天會理解你的父母。
4. come 和 go 之後均可接現在分詞，但有區別：
(1) come+現在分詞，主要用來說明「來」的方式。如：
He came running to welcome us. 他跑過來歡迎我們。
The children came running to meet us. 孩子們跑著來迎接我們。
A large stone came flying through the window. 從窗外扔進來一塊大石頭。
另外，該結構還可用來談論體育和娛樂活動，與go doing sth用法相似，只是「方向」不同。如：
Would you like to come sailing? 你願意來坐船游覽嗎?
Come swimming with us tomorrow. 明天跟我們一起游泳吧。
Why don't you come ice-skating with us tonight? 今晚來和我們一起溜冰好嗎?
(2) go+現在分詞，漏禪表示「去做……」，這類片語大多與體育、娛樂、日常生活等有關。如：
We often go swimming together. 我們常一道去游泳。
Let's go boating this afternoon. 今天下午我們去劃船吧。
He finished lunch and went shopping. 他吃完午飯而後去買東西。
另外，該結構有時還可表示警告，用於建議做某事不好的事，此時多用於否定句。如：
Don't go saying that! 不要這樣講話!
Don't go looking for trouble, Maria. 不要去找哪拿麻煩了，瑪麗亞。
You shouldn't go boasting about your achievements. 你不應當誇耀你的成就。
5. come 和 go 都可用作連系動詞，表示事物狀態的變化。如：
The handle has come loose. 這個把柄鬆了。
The children must not go hungry. 孩子們不應挨餓。
兩者之後所接形容詞通常各有其特點，有時還可從好壞方面去區別：即 come 用於「好」的變化，go 用於「壞」的變化。如：
Her dream has come true. 她的夢想實現了。
Fish soon goes bad in hot weather. 大熱天魚很容易壞。
另外，表示人的生理變化通常用 go，如go blind(變瞎)，go deaf(變聾)，go grey(兩鬢漸白)等，但是go通常不與 old, ill, tired 等連用。
6. come 有時可以表示參加到對方的活動之中去(即使這種運動方向本身要求用 go)。如：
A：Will you come to see me tonight? 今晚來看我好嗎?
B：Yes, I'll come. 好，我來。
A：Please come at once. Dinner is ready. 晚餐准備好了，請快來。
B：OK, I'm coming. 好，我就來。(若用 Oh, I'm going. 對方可能會理解為「噢，我要出去」。)
一般說來，在這種情況有以下3點需注意：
(1) 表示到聽話人(包括收信人)那兒去，通常用 come。如：
I'll come to see you one of these days. 過幾天我來看你。
(2) 邀請對方一起去某地，可用 come 或 go。一般說來，用 come含有一種自己決定要去的意味，而用 go 則含有一種請求和商量的意味。如：
Would you like to come [go] with us? 你和我們一起去好嗎?
(3) 表示「我同你一起去」這樣的意義時，可用 come 或 go。如：
I will come [go] with you. 我和你一起去。
【篇二】2021年上半年英語四級語法用法詳解
1. Raise和rise都有「上升」的意思，記住下面2句話：
Raise是及物動詞，後面必須有賓語，就是「某人把某物舉起來」。
Rise是不及物動詞，後面不能加賓語，也就是說「某人、某物自己升起來」。
比如：
He raised his right hand. 他舉起了右手。(是他把手舉起來的，所以用raise)
I raised the box above my head. 我把盒子舉過了頭頂。(盒子是我舉起的，所以用raise)
The waves rose and fell. 波浪起起伏伏。(波浪是自己動的，所以用rise)
Smoke rose into the sky. 空中升起了煙。(煙也是自己飄的，所以用rise)
2. Raise和rise都有「增長」的意思，同樣地：
Raise是及物動詞，後面必須有賓語。
Rise是不及物動詞，後面不能加賓語。
比如：
We will have to raise our fees. 我們需要提高費用。(raise後面一定要有賓語)
Prices are rising rapidly. 價格快速上漲。(rise後面一定不能有賓語)
3. 在英式英語里，raise只能作動詞、不能做名詞，rise既可以作動詞、也可以作名詞
比如：He asked for a pay rise.
在美語里，raise則可以作名詞，表示「加薪」。
比如：She offered me a raise.
明白了嗎?填空——>
We ___ our heads to watch the sun ___ over the bridge.
你覺得是A. raise / rise 還是B. rise / raise 呢?
We raised our heads to watch the sun rise over the bridge. 我們抬起頭，望著太陽從橋上升起。(我們的頭當然要我們抬起來，所以用raise;太陽是自己升升落落的，所以用rise。)
【篇三】2021年上半年英語四級語法用法詳解
(1)prepare sb. for / to do sth.使某人對……作好准備
The teacher are preparing the students for the final examination.老師們正讓學生准備期末考試。
The mother prepared her son to go to preschool.媽媽讓兒子准備好去學前班。
(2)prepare sb. sth.為某人准備……
The host and hostress prepared us a delicious meal.主人為我們准備好美味佳餚。
(3)prepare sth. for + n. / v.-ing.(動名詞)准備……，為……做准備
The peasants are preparing the ground for planting.農民們正在為栽種准備耕地。
(4)sb. prepare for sth. / to do sth.某人准備做……
The students are busy preparing for the college entrance examination.學生們正忙著准備考大學。
(5)be prepared for…為……准備，對……作好了准備，表示結果
The students are well prepared for the sports meeting.學生們為運動會做了充分准備。Prepare的用法及搭配詳解
They were not prepared for the attack at all.他們根本沒有預料到這次襲擊。
(6)be prepared to do sth.准備好……，願意
Always be prepared to answer questions in class.課堂上要時刻准備回答問題。
(7)be prepared against防備
We are prepared against natural disasters.我們作好預防自然災害的准備。
⑼ 大學英語四級常用的語法
有關大學英語四級常用的語法精選
大學英語四級常用語法精選(12)
Ⅴ 連詞
並列連詞
表示意義的引申: and, both…and, not only…but(also), as well as, and …as well, neither…nor
表示選擇: or, either…or
表示轉折: but, while, whereas, yet, however/nevertheless(也可認為是副詞)
表示因果: for, so, therefore, hence
從屬連詞
表示時間: when, while, as, after, before, since, until(till), as soon as, once
表示原因: because, as, since, now that, seeing that
表示條件: if, unless, in case, provided(that), suppose, as long as, on condition (that),
表示其他關系: (al)though, than, as/so…as, lest, in order that, so…that
Ⅵ 定語從句
限制和非限制性定語從句: 限制性定語從句是名詞片語不可缺少的一個組成部分, 去掉了會造成病句或意義不明確; 非限制性定語從句屬於補充說明性質, 去掉了不會影響主要意義, 通常用逗號與它的先行詞分開.
The boys who wanted to play football were disappointed when it rained.
The boys, who wanted to play football, were disappointed when it rained.
如果定語從句的先行詞是專有名詞, 或是帶有形容詞性物主代詞(my, his, etc)或形容詞性指示代詞(this, that, etc)作限定詞, 其後的定語從句通常都是非限制性的:
Mary Smith, who is in the corner, wants to meet you.
Her mother, who had long suffered form arthritis, died last night.
All these books, which have been donated by visiting professors, are to be used by the postgraates.
在非限制性定語從句中只能用who/whom指人, 用which指物,通常不用that替代.
My father, who had been on a visit to America, returned yesterday.
All the books, which had pictures in them, were sent to the little girl.
定語從句的引導詞
that, who, whom: 非限制性定語從句, 如果修飾人, 一般用who, 有時用that (作主語時用who較多). 如果關系代詞在從句中作賓語, 就應當用賓格 whom 或that, 但在大多數情況下都可以省略掉, 在口語中可用who代替whom.
Here is the man (whom) you've been looking for.
He is a man (that) you can safely depend on.
The people (who/that) you were talking to were Swedes.
There are some people here who I want you to meet.
但在介詞後只能用whom:
This is the man to whom I referred.
但在口語中一般都把介詞放到句子後面去, 這時可用that, 但省略時更多一些.
Have you met the person about whom he was speaking?
Have you met the person (that) he was speaking about
The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.
The girl (who/that) I spoke to is my cousin.
限制性定語從句如果修飾「物」, 用關系代詞that的時候較多, 也有時用which.. 當這個代詞在從句中是用作賓語時, 在絕大多數情況下都是省略的, 特別是口語中(尤其是當被修飾的詞是all, everything等詞時):
Have you everything you need?
(Is there) anything I can do for you?
All you have to do is to press the button.
2016年大學英語四級語法指導(4)
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強調的是動作的結果; being erected 強調的是動作的過程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);
give away 泄露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他並肩對付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅持，繼續。
6. I should like to rent a house， modern， comfortable and _B_ in a quiet neighborhood.
A all in all B above all C after all D over all
all in all 總而言之;above all 首先，尤其是;after all 畢竟，終究;overall 全面的'，總體的
in a word 總之，in short 簡而言之，in conclusion 最後，總之，to sum up總之，總而言之。
7. _B_ we have finished the course， we shall start doing more revision work.
A For now B Now that C Ever since D By now
now that 既然，由於(相當於since); ever since 自從…以來。
與that搭配且後面可以加句子的幾個表達形式：
now that 既然，由於; in that 因為; except that 除…之外。
except後面加名詞或代詞;except that後面加句子。
8. What you have done is _D_ the doctor』s orders.
A attached to B responsible to C resistant to D contrary to
be attached to 連接，附屬; This school is attached to Beida. 這所學校附屬於北大。
responsible to 對…負有責任; resistant adj. 反抗的，抵抗的; water resistant 防水的。
be contrary to 與。。相反(相違背)。
9. John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week.
A not going B not to go C not having been going D not to be going
regret doing 後悔做過某事; regret to do sth. 遺憾的做某事(應用語境非常有限)。
10. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _B_.
A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out of practice
out of work 失業; out of reach 夠不著 within reach 夠得著; out of practice 缺乏練習。
2016年大學英語四級語法指導(3)
動名詞的復合結構：凡是一個動詞的後面可以加動名詞，就可以加動名詞的復合結構。
動作發出者 + 動名詞;當動作發出者名字給出時：名詞所有格 + 動名詞;當動名詞的復合結構在文章中出現，且動作發出者在前文中提過時：形容詞物主代詞(賓格)+ 動名詞。
形容詞物主代詞：his， her， my， your， their， our。代詞賓格：him， her， me， you， us， them。
第二點：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。
例. Your hair wants _B_. You』d better have it done tomorrow.
A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut
注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動含義。
例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
第三點：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味著，…的意思是…
例. There』s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台]
A making B to make C to have made D having made
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強調的是動作的結果; being erected 強調的是動作的過程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);
give away 泄露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他並肩對付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅持，繼續。
2016年大學英語四級語法指導(2)
短語部分沒有獨立主語，則短語結構稱為非謂語動詞。
非謂語動詞的結構：分詞(分詞短語)
句子的主語決定非謂語動詞中的分詞是用主動還是被動形式。如果是句子的主語發出動作，則使用現在分詞;如果動作不是由句子的主語發出，則使用過去分詞。
1.No matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;
to be performed 將要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;
一些特殊的動詞：
第一點：forget 忘記; [反義] remember 記得;
這兩個詞後加動詞不定式表示將要進行的行為;這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式表示已經做過的事情。
注意：動名詞與現在分詞形式一樣，但含義不同。這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式都是動名詞。
forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事;
remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 記得做過某事;
2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.
him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。
動名詞的復合結構：凡是一個動詞的後面可以加動名詞，就可以加動名詞的復合結構。
動作發出者 + 動名詞;當動作發出者名字給出時：名詞所有格 + 動名詞;當動名詞的復合結構在文章中出現，且動作發出者在前文中提過時：形容詞物主代詞(賓格)+ 動名詞。
形容詞物主代詞：his， her， my， your， their， our。代詞賓格：him， her， me， you， us， them。
第二點：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。
例. Your hair wants _B_. You』d better have it done tomorrow.
A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強調的是動作的結果; being erected 強調的是動作的過程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);
give away 泄露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他並肩對付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅持，繼續。
注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動含義。
例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
第三點：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味著，…的意思是…
例. There』s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台]
A making B to make C to have made D having made
2016年大學英語四級語法指導(1)
非謂語動詞與獨立主格：短語，句子(或者句子，短語)
當短語部分有獨立主語，並且該主語不同於句子主語，這時短語結構稱為獨立主格。(它最明顯的特點是短語部分有獨立的主語)。
獨立主格的結構1：名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [現在分詞、過去分詞]
現在分詞表示主動的，正在進行的行為;過去分詞表示被動的，已經完成的行為。 作題時要通過判斷動作與名詞(代詞)之間的關系來確定是使用現在分詞還是過去分詞。當動作由名詞(代詞)發出時使用現在分詞，而名詞(代詞)是受動者時則用過去分詞。
1. Silver is the best conctor of electricity， copper _B_ it closely.
A followed B following C to follow D being followed
2. All things _A_， the planned trip will have to be called off.
A considered B be considered C considering D having considered
call off 取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四級中的考點就是現在分詞和過去分詞的區別。
獨立主格的結構2：with + 名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [句子當中作狀語]
3. After the Arab states won independence， great emphasis was laid on expanding ecation， with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.
A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged
as well as 和(相當於and); be encouraged不會考。
動詞不定式有預示將來行為的含義。to be encouraged 將要被鼓勵;
been encouraged 已經被鼓勵完了，與主句的謂語動詞相對;being encouraged 正在被鼓勵
短語部分沒有獨立主語，則短語結構稱為非謂語動詞。
非謂語動詞的結構：分詞(分詞短語)
句子的主語決定非謂語動詞中的分詞是用主動還是被動形式。如果是句子的主語發出動作，則使用現在分詞;如果動作不是由句子的主語發出，則使用過去分詞。
1.No matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;
to be performed 將要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;
一些特殊的動詞：
第一點：forget 忘記; [反義] remember 記得;
這兩個詞後加動詞不定式表示將要進行的行為;這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式表示已經做過的事情。
注意：動名詞與現在分詞形式一樣，但含義不同。這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式都是動名詞。
forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事;
remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 記得做過某事;
2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.
him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。
2016大學英語四級聽力10大常考場景總結（4）
場景四：購物
1.采購衣服
必備詞彙表
size 型號 come in all sizes 號全
2.采購電器
必備詞彙表
model 款 discount 折扣
latest technology 最新的科技 rece 減少
;