英語四級語法零基礎
『壹』 2020年12月英語四級語法用法講解
【 #四六級考試# 導語】可以開始進行2020年考試備考啦，迎戰考試，奮斗是我們此刻的選擇，相信所有的努力都會被歲月溫柔以待！以下為「2020年12月英語四級語法用法講解」，歡迎閱讀參考！更多相關訊息請關注 ！【篇一】2020年12月英語四級語法用法講解
英語四級語法用法辨析：keen on doing sth 與keen to do sth 的區別
1)keen on doing sth 通常表示「喜歡做某事」，指的是一種興趣愛好。如：
The painter is keen on collecting coins 那位畫家喜歡收集硬幣。
I』m not keen on gambling. I』m too afraid of losing. 我對賭博不感興趣。我太怕輸了。
動名詞前有時有邏輯主語：
Mrs Hill is keen on Tom』s marrying Susan. 希爾太太很希望湯姆能和蘇珊結婚。
但有時也表示「渴望做某事」，如《朗文多功能分類詞典》中就有這樣一句：
I』m keen on passing this examination. 我渴望通過這次考試。
2)keen to do sth 主要表示「很想做某事」「渴望做某事」。如：
I』m not keen to go again. 我不太想再去了。
He』s keen to see his birthplace again. 他很想重見他的出生地。
She』s keen to get ahead in her career. 她熱望在事業上出人頭地。
She』s keen to get in on any discussions about the new project. 她一心想參加有關新計畫的討論。
The airline is keen to improve passenger comfort. 該航空公司致力於改善旅客的舒適程度。
Doctors are keen to highlight this little-known disease. 醫生們渴望把注渣碧晌意力集中在這一鮮為人知的疾病上。
3)有時不定式可以帶有邏輯主語，說成keen for sb to do sth(很想某人做某事，渴望某人做某事)。如：
Parents are always keen for their children to get on. 父母總是熱望子女有出息。
【如鋒篇二】2020年12月英語四級語法用法講解
英語四級語法用法辨析：until 後接過去分詞
請看這道題，這個until 後要接過去分詞嗎?
He is a man of few words, and seldom speaks until _________ to.
A. spoken B. speaking C. speak D. be spoken
【分析】此題容易誤B，認為until 是介詞，後接動詞時用動名詞形式。其實，此題應選A，until spoken to 為 until he is spoken to 之省略。句意為「他是個沉默寡言的人，別人不同他說話，他很少同別人說話」。按英語習慣，一些表示時間、地點、條件、方式、 讓步慧春等的狀語從句，若其主語與主句主語一致，且從句謂語包含動詞be, 那麼可將從句的主語和動詞be省略：
You must study hard while (you are) young, or you will regret when (you are) old. 趁年輕時要努力學習，不然到老了你會後悔的。
I won't go unless (I am) invited. 我不會去, 除非請我。
Look out for cars when (you are) crossing the streets. 過馬路時要注意汽車。
While (I was) waiting I was reading some old magazines. 等的時候我在看一些舊雜志。
He worked very hard though (he was) still rather poor in health. 盡管身體還不好，但他仍努力工作。
He will work hard wherever (he is) sent by the Party. 無論黨把他派往哪裡,他都會努力工作。
請再看兩道試題：
(1) If carefully _________, the experiment will be successful.
A. do B. does C. done D. doing
答案選C，可視為 if it is carefully done 之省略。
(2) The research is so designed that once _________ nothing can be done to change it.
A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun
答案選D，可視為 once it is begun 之省略。
【篇三】2020年12月英語四級語法用法講解
英語四級語法用法辨析：介詞below與under的用法區別
1. 兩者都可表示「低於」，under 主要表示垂直在下的正下方，而 below 則不一定表示正下方(即可以是正下方或非正下方)。如：
Look in the cupboard below [under] the sink. 到洗碗池下面的櫃子里找一找。
The climbers stopped 300 meters below the top of the mountain. 登山隊員們在離山頂 300 米處停了下來。
換句話說，表示正下方，兩者都可用;不表示正下方，則通常用below。
2. 兩者均可表示數量方面的「少於」，但在現代英語中，以用 under 為多見。如：
He can't be much below [under] sixty. 他的年齡不可能比 60 歲小很多。
There were under forty people at the meeting. 參加會議的人不足 40 人。
It took us under an hour. 我們用了不到 1 個小時。
註：在現代英語中，below 表示「少於」，主要用於表示溫度、高度以及有縱向標准可比的情況。如：
This place is below sea level. 此地在海平面以下。
The temperature is two degrees below zero. 溫度是零下 2 度。
3. 若表示一物被另一物所覆蓋，則通常用 under。如：
She crept in beside him under the bedclothes. 她鑽進被窩躺在他身旁。
4. 表示職位、級別等關系時，用 under 表直接關系，用 below 表非直接關系。比較：
Mr A is under Mr B. A 先生是 B 先生的部下。
Mr A is below Mr B. A 先生比 B 先生職位低。
『貳』 英語四級的語法都有哪些
說實在的，英語四級、六級和高中英語的區別不在語法上，而在詞彙量和閱讀能力上，只要高中英語課上所學過的所有語法知識都會了，並且四級的單詞都會了，閱讀速度快，過四級很輕松，說不定還會得高分呢！
『叄』 大學英語四級常用語法
大學英語四級常用語法精選大全
too…to 結構通常表示否定意義:
She was too young to understand all that.
enough…to結構則表示肯定意義:
She was not old enough to understand all that.
not too, but too, all too, only too等和不定式連用時,不定式一般不表示否定意義:
He's only too pleased to help her.
so…as (to)這種結構也可用不定式作狀語:
Be so kind as to drop in some time when you are free.
如果要說明不定式表示的動作是誰做的, 可以在不定式前加一個for引起的短語:
It is not hard for one to do a bit of good.
It is a great honour for us to be present at this rally.
在以某些形容詞(如 kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, considerate, rude, naughty, impolite等)作表語時, 不定式前可加一個of引起的短語, 來說明不定式指的是誰的情況:
It's kind of you to think so much of us.
(It is) Awfully good of you to come and meet us.
It's very nice of you to be so considerate.
It's unwise of them to turn down the proposal.
V+ing形式(現在分詞及動名詞)
形式
完成式: 如果要表示動名詞代表的動作在謂語所表示的動作之前發生, 通常用動名詞的完成形式.
He didn't mention having met me.
I regret not having taken her advice.
在某些動詞後(或成語中), 常用(或可以用)動名詞的一般形式, 盡管動作是在謂語所表示的動作之前發生的.
Excuse me for coming late.
I don't remember ever seeing him anywhere.
現在分詞的完成式主要用在狀語中, 表示這動作在謂語所表示的動作之前發生.
Having been there many times, he offered to be our guide.
Having found the cause, they were able to propose a remedy.
另外, 獨立結構也可用現在分詞的完成形式.
The guests having left, they resumed their discussion.
The children, having eating their fill, were allowed to leave the table.
被動式: 當一個動名詞邏輯上的主語所表示的是這動作的對象時, 動名詞一般要用被動形式.
His being neglected by the host added to his uneasiness.
He couldn't bear being made fun of like that.
但要注意, 在want, need, deserve, require 等動詞後, 盡管表示的是被動的意思, 卻用動名詞的主動形式.
My pen needs filling.
The point deserves mentioning.
This problem requires studying with great care.
在worth這個形容詞後情形也是這樣.
Her method is worth trying.
2016年大學英語四級語法指導(4)
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強調的是動作的`結果; being erected 強調的是動作的過程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);
give away 泄露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他並肩對付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅持，繼續。
6. I should like to rent a house， modern， comfortable and _B_ in a quiet neighborhood.
A all in all B above all C after all D over all
all in all 總而言之;above all 首先，尤其是;after all 畢竟，終究;overall 全面的，總體的
in a word 總之，in short 簡而言之，in conclusion 最後，總之，to sum up總之，總而言之。
7. _B_ we have finished the course， we shall start doing more revision work.
A For now B Now that C Ever since D By now
now that 既然，由於(相當於since); ever since 自從…以來。
與that搭配且後面可以加句子的幾個表達形式：
now that 既然，由於; in that 因為; except that 除…之外。
except後面加名詞或代詞;except that後面加句子。
8. What you have done is _D_ the doctor』s orders.
A attached to B responsible to C resistant to D contrary to
be attached to 連接，附屬; This school is attached to Beida. 這所學校附屬於北大。
responsible to 對…負有責任; resistant adj. 反抗的，抵抗的; water resistant 防水的。
be contrary to 與。。相反(相違背)。
9. John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week.
A not going B not to go C not having been going D not to be going
regret doing 後悔做過某事; regret to do sth. 遺憾的做某事(應用語境非常有限)。
10. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _B_.
A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out of practice
out of work 失業; out of reach 夠不著 within reach 夠得著; out of practice 缺乏練習。
;『肆』 2021年12月大學英語四級語法
1.2021年12月大學英語四級語法
什麼是助動詞
1)協助主要動詞構成謂語動詞片語的詞叫助動詞(Auxiliary Verb)。被協助的動詞稱作主要動詞(Main Verb)。
助動詞自身沒有詞義，不可單獨使用，例拿缺伏如：
He doesn't like English.他不喜歡英語。
(doesn't是助動詞，無詞義;like是主要動詞，有詞義)
2) 助動詞協助主要動詞完成以下功用，可以用來：
a. 表示時態，例如：
He is singing.他在唱歌。
He has got married.他已結婚。
b. 表示語態，例如：
He was sent to England.他被派往英國。
c. 構成疑問句，例如：
Do you like college life?你喜歡大學生活嗎?
Did you study English before you came here? 你來這兒之前學過英語嗎?
d. 與否定副詞not合用，構成否定句，例如：
I don't like him. 我不喜歡他。
e. 加強語氣，例如：
Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定來參加晚會。
He did know that. 他的確知道那件事。
3) 最常用的助動詞有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would
2.2021年12月大學英語四級語法
和more有關的片語
1) the more… the more…越……就越……
The harder you work，the greater progress you'll make.
2) more B than A與其說A不如說B
less A than B
He is more lazy than slow at his work.
= He is less slow than lazy at his work.
3) no more… than… 與……一樣……，不比……多
The officials could see no more than the Emperor.
no less… than…與……一樣……
扮辯He is no less diligent than you.
4) more than不只是，非常
She is more than kind to us all.
典型例題
1)The weather in China is different from____.
A. in America B. one in America C. America
D. that in America
答案：D. 本題意為"中國的天氣比美國熱。"比較的是天氣而不是國家，C不能選。A沒有名詞，後句成分不全，排除。B和D中，B中的one常用來代替可數名詞，而that可車以代替不可數或抽象名詞，所以選D。
2)After the new technique was introced，the factory proced ___ tractors in 1988 as the year before.
A. as twice manyB. as many twiceC. twice as manyD. twice many as
答案C. 此句意為"這個廠1988能生產的拖拉機是往年的兩倍"。 表示倍數用"倍數+ as + 形容詞原形+ as +比較對象"的句型。所以此句答案為C。
3.2021年12月大學英語四級語法
系動詞
系動詞亦稱聯系動詞(Link Verb)，作為系動詞，它本身有詞義，但不能單獨用作謂消攜語，後邊必須跟表語(亦稱補語)，構成系表結構說明主語的狀況、性質、特徵等情況。
說明：
有些系動詞又是實義動詞，該動詞表達實義時，有詞義，可單獨作謂語，例如：
He fell ill yesterday.
他昨天病了。(fell是系動詞，後跟補足語，說明主語情況。)
He fell off the ladder.
他從梯子上摔下來。fell是實義動詞，單獨作謂語。
1)狀態系動詞
用來表示主語狀態，只有be一詞，例如：
He is a teacher.他是一名教師。(is與補足語一起說明主語的身份。)
2)持續系動詞
用來表示主語繼續或保持一種狀況或態度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：
He always kept silent at meeting. 他開會時總保持沉默。
This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一個謎。
3)表像系動詞
用來表示"看起來像"這一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：
He looks tired. 他看起來很累。
He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起來很傷心。
4)感官系動詞
感官系動詞主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：
This kind of cloth feels very soft.
這種布手感很軟。
This flower smells very sweet.
這朵花聞起來很香。
5)變化系動詞
這些系動詞表示主語變成什麼樣，變化系動詞主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.
例如：
He became mad after that. 自那之後，他瘋了。
She grew rich within a short time. 她沒多長時間就富了。
6)終止系動詞
表示主語已終止動作，主要有prove, trun out, 表達"證實"，"變成"之意，例如：
The rumor proved false.這謠言證實有假。
The search proved difficult.搜查證實很難。
His plan turned out a success. 他的計劃終於成功了。(turn out表終止性結果)
『伍』 四級英語語法知識點
Ⅰ動詞(時態,語態,用法,省略,一致性等)
時
1)現在完成進行時態 (have/has been + -ing 分詞構成): 動作或狀態從過去某時開始,繼續到現在,可能繼續下去,也可能剛剛結束.
I』ve been writing letters for an hour.
I』ve been sitting in the garden.
2)過去完成進行時(由had been + ing分詞構成): 過去某個時刻以前一直在進行的動作
I』d been working for some time when he called.
We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.
3)將來完成進行時: 將來某個時刻以前一直在進行的動作.
By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.
In another month』s time she』ll have been studying here for three years.
4)將來完成時(由shall/will have + 過去分詞構成): 將來某時會業已發生的事.
I shall have finished this one before lunch.
They』ll have hit the year』s target by the end of October.
1. 語態
1) 可以有兩種被動結構的類型,例如:
He was said to be jealous of her success.
It was said that he was jealous of her success.
能同時適用於上述兩個句型的主動詞通常都是表示「估計」,「相信」等意義的動詞,常見的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.
It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.
The ship is supposed to have been sunk.
擔當be supposed to 與不定式的一般形式搭配時往往表示不同的意義.例如:
Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你應該曉得速度限制)
2) 雙賓語及賓補結構的被動語態
a) 雙賓語結構的被動語態: 雙賓語結構變為被動語態時,可以把主動結構中的一個賓語變為主語,另一個賓語仍然保留在謂語後面,但多數是把間接賓語變為主語.
He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.
Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.
b) 賓補結構的被動語態:
She was called Big Sister by everybody.
Then he was made a squad leader.
He was considered quite qualified for the job.
The room was always kept clean and tidy.
2. 短語動詞
1) Vi + adv
The plane took off two hours late.
2) Vi + prep
They looked round the Cathedral.
3) Vi + prep (有被動語態)
She』s looking after her sister』s children.
The children were always well looked after.
4) Vi + adv + prep
I began to look forward to their visits.
5) Vt + O + adv
Some women choose to stay at home and bring up their children.
The children were brought up by their mother.
They took him on.
6) Vt + adv + O (無被動語態)
I am trying to give up smoking.
7) Vt + O + prep
We talked Donald into agreement.
3. 省略
1) 在以as, than, when, if, unless等引導的從句中的省略: 在有些狀語從句中,如果謂語包含有動詞be,主語又和主句的主語一致a),或者主語是it b),就常常可以把從句中的主語和謂語的一部分(特別是動詞be)省略掉.
a) Look out for cars when crossing the street.
When taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effects.
While there he joined in voluntary labour on a project.
Although not yet six months old, she was able to walk without support.
If not well managed, irrigation can be harmful.
Though reced in numbers, they gained in fighting capacity.
This viewpoint, however understandable, is wrong.
Enemies, once discovered, were tightly encircled and completely wiped out.
She hurriedly left the room as though/if angry.
She worked extremely hard though still rather poor in health.
Fill in the application as instructed.
Whenever known, such facts should be reported.
The documents will be returned as soon as signed.
He said that no acrobat could ever perform those daring feats unless trained very young.
Once having made a promise, you should keep it.
b) If necessary I』ll have the letter plicated.
Fill in the blanks with articles where(ver) necessary.
If possible, I should like to have two copies of it.
As scheled, they met on January 20 at the Chinese Embassy.
2） 在以than a) 或 as b) 引起的從句中,常會有一些成分省略.
a) He told me not to use more material than (it is) necessary.
We should think more of the collective than of ourselves.
b) They worked with as much enthusiasm as young people (did).
He is now a vice-manager, but still often works in the kitchen as before.
Their training is free, as is all ecation.
We will, as always, stand on your side.
3） 錯誤的省略
His life is as fully committed to books as anyone I know.
While standing there in her nightgown, two bullets struck the wall beside her.
『陸』 大學英語四級常用的語法
有關大學英語四級常用的語法精選
大學英語四級常用語法精選(12)
Ⅴ 連詞
並列連詞
表示意義的引申: and, both…and, not only…but(also), as well as, and …as well, neither…nor
表示選擇: or, either…or
表示轉折: but, while, whereas, yet, however/nevertheless(也可認為是副詞)
表示因果: for, so, therefore, hence
從屬連詞
表示時間: when, while, as, after, before, since, until(till), as soon as, once
表示原因: because, as, since, now that, seeing that
表示條件: if, unless, in case, provided(that), suppose, as long as, on condition (that),
表示其他關系: (al)though, than, as/so…as, lest, in order that, so…that
Ⅵ 定語從句
限制和非限制性定語從句: 限制性定語從句是名詞片語不可缺少的一個組成部分, 去掉了會造成病句或意義不明確; 非限制性定語從句屬於補充說明性質, 去掉了不會影響主要意義, 通常用逗號與它的先行詞分開.
The boys who wanted to play football were disappointed when it rained.
The boys, who wanted to play football, were disappointed when it rained.
如果定語從句的先行詞是專有名詞, 或是帶有形容詞性物主代詞(my, his, etc)或形容詞性指示代詞(this, that, etc)作限定詞, 其後的定語從句通常都是非限制性的:
Mary Smith, who is in the corner, wants to meet you.
Her mother, who had long suffered form arthritis, died last night.
All these books, which have been donated by visiting professors, are to be used by the postgraates.
在非限制性定語從句中只能用who/whom指人, 用which指物,通常不用that替代.
My father, who had been on a visit to America, returned yesterday.
All the books, which had pictures in them, were sent to the little girl.
定語從句的引導詞
that, who, whom: 非限制性定語從句, 如果修飾人, 一般用who, 有時用that (作主語時用who較多). 如果關系代詞在從句中作賓語, 就應當用賓格 whom 或that, 但在大多數情況下都可以省略掉, 在口語中可用who代替whom.
Here is the man (whom) you've been looking for.
He is a man (that) you can safely depend on.
The people (who/that) you were talking to were Swedes.
There are some people here who I want you to meet.
但在介詞後只能用whom:
This is the man to whom I referred.
但在口語中一般都把介詞放到句子後面去, 這時可用that, 但省略時更多一些.
Have you met the person about whom he was speaking?
Have you met the person (that) he was speaking about
The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.
The girl (who/that) I spoke to is my cousin.
限制性定語從句如果修飾「物」, 用關系代詞that的時候較多, 也有時用which.. 當這個代詞在從句中是用作賓語時, 在絕大多數情況下都是省略的, 特別是口語中(尤其是當被修飾的詞是all, everything等詞時):
Have you everything you need?
(Is there) anything I can do for you?
All you have to do is to press the button.
2016年大學英語四級語法指導(4)
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強調的是動作的結果; being erected 強調的是動作的過程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);
give away 泄露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他並肩對付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅持，繼續。
6. I should like to rent a house， modern， comfortable and _B_ in a quiet neighborhood.
A all in all B above all C after all D over all
all in all 總而言之;above all 首先，尤其是;after all 畢竟，終究;overall 全面的'，總體的
in a word 總之，in short 簡而言之，in conclusion 最後，總之，to sum up總之，總而言之。
7. _B_ we have finished the course， we shall start doing more revision work.
A For now B Now that C Ever since D By now
now that 既然，由於(相當於since); ever since 自從…以來。
與that搭配且後面可以加句子的幾個表達形式：
now that 既然，由於; in that 因為; except that 除…之外。
except後面加名詞或代詞;except that後面加句子。
8. What you have done is _D_ the doctor』s orders.
A attached to B responsible to C resistant to D contrary to
be attached to 連接，附屬; This school is attached to Beida. 這所學校附屬於北大。
responsible to 對…負有責任; resistant adj. 反抗的，抵抗的; water resistant 防水的。
be contrary to 與。。相反(相違背)。
9. John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week.
A not going B not to go C not having been going D not to be going
regret doing 後悔做過某事; regret to do sth. 遺憾的做某事(應用語境非常有限)。
10. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _B_.
A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out of practice
out of work 失業; out of reach 夠不著 within reach 夠得著; out of practice 缺乏練習。
2016年大學英語四級語法指導(3)
動名詞的復合結構：凡是一個動詞的後面可以加動名詞，就可以加動名詞的復合結構。
動作發出者 + 動名詞;當動作發出者名字給出時：名詞所有格 + 動名詞;當動名詞的復合結構在文章中出現，且動作發出者在前文中提過時：形容詞物主代詞(賓格)+ 動名詞。
形容詞物主代詞：his， her， my， your， their， our。代詞賓格：him， her， me， you， us， them。
第二點：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。
例. Your hair wants _B_. You』d better have it done tomorrow.
A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut
注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動含義。
例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
第三點：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味著，…的意思是…
例. There』s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台]
A making B to make C to have made D having made
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強調的是動作的結果; being erected 強調的是動作的過程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);
give away 泄露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他並肩對付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅持，繼續。
2016年大學英語四級語法指導(2)
短語部分沒有獨立主語，則短語結構稱為非謂語動詞。
非謂語動詞的結構：分詞(分詞短語)
句子的主語決定非謂語動詞中的分詞是用主動還是被動形式。如果是句子的主語發出動作，則使用現在分詞;如果動作不是由句子的主語發出，則使用過去分詞。
1.No matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;
to be performed 將要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;
一些特殊的動詞：
第一點：forget 忘記; [反義] remember 記得;
這兩個詞後加動詞不定式表示將要進行的行為;這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式表示已經做過的事情。
注意：動名詞與現在分詞形式一樣，但含義不同。這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式都是動名詞。
forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事;
remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 記得做過某事;
2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.
him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。
動名詞的復合結構：凡是一個動詞的後面可以加動名詞，就可以加動名詞的復合結構。
動作發出者 + 動名詞;當動作發出者名字給出時：名詞所有格 + 動名詞;當動名詞的復合結構在文章中出現，且動作發出者在前文中提過時：形容詞物主代詞(賓格)+ 動名詞。
形容詞物主代詞：his， her， my， your， their， our。代詞賓格：him， her， me， you， us， them。
第二點：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。
例. Your hair wants _B_. You』d better have it done tomorrow.
A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強調的是動作的結果; being erected 強調的是動作的過程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);
give away 泄露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他並肩對付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅持，繼續。
注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動含義。
例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
第三點：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味著，…的意思是…
例. There』s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台]
A making B to make C to have made D having made
2016年大學英語四級語法指導(1)
非謂語動詞與獨立主格：短語，句子(或者句子，短語)
當短語部分有獨立主語，並且該主語不同於句子主語，這時短語結構稱為獨立主格。(它最明顯的特點是短語部分有獨立的主語)。
獨立主格的結構1：名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [現在分詞、過去分詞]
現在分詞表示主動的，正在進行的行為;過去分詞表示被動的，已經完成的行為。 作題時要通過判斷動作與名詞(代詞)之間的關系來確定是使用現在分詞還是過去分詞。當動作由名詞(代詞)發出時使用現在分詞，而名詞(代詞)是受動者時則用過去分詞。
1. Silver is the best conctor of electricity， copper _B_ it closely.
A followed B following C to follow D being followed
2. All things _A_， the planned trip will have to be called off.
A considered B be considered C considering D having considered
call off 取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四級中的考點就是現在分詞和過去分詞的區別。
獨立主格的結構2：with + 名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [句子當中作狀語]
3. After the Arab states won independence， great emphasis was laid on expanding ecation， with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.
A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged
as well as 和(相當於and); be encouraged不會考。
動詞不定式有預示將來行為的含義。to be encouraged 將要被鼓勵;
been encouraged 已經被鼓勵完了，與主句的謂語動詞相對;being encouraged 正在被鼓勵
短語部分沒有獨立主語，則短語結構稱為非謂語動詞。
非謂語動詞的結構：分詞(分詞短語)
句子的主語決定非謂語動詞中的分詞是用主動還是被動形式。如果是句子的主語發出動作，則使用現在分詞;如果動作不是由句子的主語發出，則使用過去分詞。
1.No matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;
to be performed 將要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;
一些特殊的動詞：
第一點：forget 忘記; [反義] remember 記得;
這兩個詞後加動詞不定式表示將要進行的行為;這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式表示已經做過的事情。
注意：動名詞與現在分詞形式一樣，但含義不同。這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式都是動名詞。
forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事;
remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 記得做過某事;
2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.
him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。
2016大學英語四級聽力10大常考場景總結（4）
場景四：購物
1.采購衣服
必備詞彙表
size 型號 come in all sizes 號全
2.采購電器
必備詞彙表
model 款 discount 折扣
latest technology 最新的科技 rece 減少
;『柒』 英語四級語法之名詞用法
英語四級語法之名詞用法
導語：下面是我整理的關於英語四級考試中常用的一些名詞語法，大家認真則仿彎看看，我覺得非常有用。
第一類 形式為單數，但意義可以用為單數或復數
這類集合名詞包括family(家庭)，team(隊)，class(班)，audience(聽眾)等，其用法特點為：若視為整
體，表示單數意義;若考慮其個體成員，表示復數意義。比較並體會：
His family is large. 他的家是個大家庭。
His family are all waiting for him. 他的一家人都在等他。
This class consists of 45 pupils. 這個班由45個學生組成。
This class are reading English now. 這個班的學生在讀英語。
第二類 形式為單數，但意義永遠為復數
這類集合名詞包括cattle(牛，牲畜)，people(人)，police(警察)等，其用法特點為：只有單數形式,
但卻表示復數意義，用作主語時謂語用復數;不與 a(n) 連用，但可與the連用(表示總括意義和特指)。
如：
People will laugh at you. 人們會笑你的。
The police are looking for him. 警察在找他。
Many cattle were killed for this. 就因為這個原因宰了不少牲畜。
註：表示牲畜的頭數，用單位詞 head(單復數同形)。如：
five head of cattle 5頭牛，fifty (head of ) cattle 50頭牛
第三類 形式為復數，意義也為復數
這類集合名詞包括goods(貨物), clothes(衣服)等，其用法特點是：只有復數形式(當然也表示復數意義
，用作主語時謂語也用復數)，但通常不與數詞連用。如：
Clothes dry slowly in the rainy season. 衣服在雨季不易干。
Such clothes are very expensive. 那樣的衣服很貴。
If goods are not well made you should complain to the manufacturer. 如果貨物質量不好，則理
應向製造商提出控訴。
第四類 形式為單數，意義也為單數
這類集合名詞包括baggage / luggage(行李), clothing(衣服), furniture(傢具), machinery(機器),
poetry(詩), scenery(風景), jewelry(珠寶), equipment(設備)等, 其用法特點為：是不可數名大神詞，只
用單數形式，不用不定冠詞(當然更不能用數詞)，沒有復數形式。如：
Our clothing protects us from [against] the cold. 我們的衣服可以禦寒。
Have you checked all your baggage? 你所有的行李都托運了嗎?
The thief stole all her jewelry. 小偷把她所有的首飾都偷走了。
The hospital has no decent equipment. 這家醫院沒有像樣的設備。
The Tang Dynasty is thought of as the high summer of Chinese poetry. 人孫悶們認為唐朝是中國詩歌
的全盛時期。
註：machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery等相應的個體可數名詞是 machine, poem, jewel, scene等
。如：
a poem / a piece of poetry 一首詩
many machines / much machinery / many pieces of machinery 許多機器
第五類 補充幾個常考的.集合名詞
除上面提到的四類集合名詞外，以下幾個集合名詞也應重點注意(因為它們也是常考考點)：
1. hair(頭發，毛發)：指全部頭發或毛發時，為集合名詞(不可數);指幾根頭發或毛發時，為個體名詞
(可數)。如：
My hair has grown very long. 我的頭發已長得很長了。
The police found two hairs there. 警察在那兒找到了兩根頭發。
2. mankind(人類)：是一個不可數的集合名詞，不用復數形式，也不連用冠詞。如：
This is an invention that benefits mankind. 這是一項造福人類的發明。
Mankind has its own problems. 人類有自己的問題。
註：mankind 表示“人(類)”時，雖不可數，但有時卻可以表示復數意義，尤其是當其表語是復數時。
如：
Mankind are intelligent animals. 人是理智的動物。
3. fruit(水果)：作為集合名詞，它通常是不可數的。如：
He doesn’t eat much fruit. 他不大吃水果。
He is growing fruit in the country. 他在鄉下種水果。
但是，當要表示種類時，它可視為可數名詞，即a fruit 指一種水果，fruits 指多種水果。比較：
Some fruits have thick skins. 有些水果皮很厚。
The potato is a vegetable, not a fruit. 土豆是一種蔬菜，而不是一種水果。
;『捌』 2020年12月英語四級語法用法說明
【篇一】2020年12月英語四級語法用法說明
get to do與get doing三大區別
get to do和get doing是兩個搭配非常有用的搭配，但許多人並不知道它們之間的區別，更不用說如何准確地使用它們了。現就這兩詞作一用法歸納，供大學參考。
用法區別一
兩者均可表示「開始做某事」，其細微區別如下。
1. get to do往往暗示一個較長的過程，含有「漸漸開始」之意，此時get後接的不定式通常為to know, to like, to hate, to understand, to realize 等表示心理感覺的動詞。如：
I really wanted to get to know America. 我真想逐漸了解美國。
I shall get to like them in time. 經過一段時間我會變得喜歡他們的。
The best way to get to know the city is to visit it on foot. 要想了解這座城市，的方法是步行游覽。
After a time you get to realize that these things don't matter. 你胡鎮隱過些時候就知道這些事無關緊要。
註：有時也可接表示心理感覺之外的其他動詞。如：
His drinking is getting to be a problem. 他酗酒越來越成問題了。
旅派He is getting to be a lovely kid. 他慢慢變成一個可愛的孩子了。
You'll get to speak English more easily as time goes by. 時間一長，你的英語就會說得流利一些。
2. get doing主要用於非正式文體中，通常表示某種特定動作的開始，尤其用於get moving, get going, get thinking等搭配中。如：
We'd better get moving—it's late. 我們還是走吧——時間不早了。
They soon got talking together. 他們不久就開始談了起來。
He got to thinking that she perhaps wouldn't come after all. 他已意識到也許她根本不來了褲廳。
用法區別二
get to do可以表示有機會做某事或被許可做某事，但get doing沒有這樣的用法。如：
He never got to go to college. 他從無機會上大學。
We didn't get to see her—she was too busy. 我們沒有見到她——她太忙了。
When do I get to see your new baby? 我什麼時候能去看看你那剛出生的孩子呀?
Did you get to visit the Louvre when you were in Paris? 你在巴黎的時候有機會去參觀盧浮宮嗎?
用法區別三
get to do還可以表示努力或設法做成某事，但get doing沒有這樣的用法。如：
At last he got to knock it down. 最後他設法把它敲了下來。
Did you get to buy the tickets? 你設法買到票了嗎?
How did you get to be captain? 你是怎樣當上船長的?
【篇二】2020年12月英語四級語法用法說明
ago 與 before的用法區別
(1) 兩者均可表示在多久時間「以前」(要放在表示一段時間的詞語之後)，但有區別：ago 從現在向前回溯，即現在的過去，因此通常與一般過去時連用;而 before 則從過去向前回溯，即指過去的過去，因此通常與過去完成時連用(尤其用於賓語從句中)。如：
I bought the computer two years ago. 我是兩年前買這台電腦的。
He said they had left five days before. 他說他們 5 天前就離開了。
註：在表示推測或為使語境生動的句子中，有時也可用 ago 代替before。如：
He must have left a week ago. 想必他在一星期前就離開了。
I had thought that he had died at least 20 years ago. 我原以為他至少在 20 年前就已經去世了。
(2) before 有時單獨使用(即不連用具體時間)，泛指一般意義的「以前」，此時可用於一般過去時，也可用於現在完成時。如：
He didn't know that before. 他以前不知道此事。
I have been there before. 我以前去過那兒。
【篇三】2020年12月英語四級語法用法說明
healthy與healthful用法辨析
1. healthy 有兩個意思，一是指「人本身健康的」，二是指「有益於健康的」。如：
Good food keeps you healthy. 好的飲食使你健康。
Cycling is certainly healthier than driving. 騎車肯定比開車有利於健康。
有時用於比喻義。如：
That book is not healthy reading for children. 那本書供小孩讀不健康。
2. healthful通常只表示「有益於健康的」。如：
Doing morning exercises is very healthful. 做早操對健康很有益。
Why don't you eat such healthy [healthful] foods? 你為什麼不吃那些有益於健康的食物?
此詞在現代英語中用得不多(已屬過時用法)，一般用healthy代替。