牛頓大學的牛頓用英語怎麼說

⑴ 牛頓用英文怎麼說

Newton

⑵ 英國牛頓用英文怎麼說

newton
英:[ˈnju:tən]
美:[ˈnu:tən]
n.牛頓（力的單位）;

例句:
Newton was an intellectual giant.
牛頓是一個智力巨人。

⑶ 牛頓的英文名怎麼寫

Newton

⑷ 有關牛頓的英語介紹 要英漢雙譯的 主要內容要有關的他的研究成果 謝謝

Isaac
Newton,a
physical
scientist
,mathematician
and
astronomer
of
Britain.艾薩克·牛頓，英國物理學家兼數學家和天文學家。He
was
graated
from
Oxford
University
and
had
been
chairman
of
the
Royal
Society
of
Britain.畢業於牛津大學，是英國皇家學會會長。He
was
one
of
the
initiators
of
calculous.微積分的創始人之一。The
calcuious
founded
by
Newton
is
a
landmark
in
history
of
maths.他創立的微積分是數學史上的里程碑。In
mechanics
,he
founded
the
three
laws
of
movements
which
have
been
the
bases
of
the
classical
mechanics
.在力學上，他創立了作為經典力學基礎的運動三定律。He
discovered
the
law
of
universal
gravitation,so
he
is
called
Father
of
Classical
Mechanics.發現了萬有引力定律，被後人稱為經典力學之父。In
optics,he
discovered
that
the
white
light
is
composed
of
different
tinctorial
light.在光學上，他發現了白光是由不同顏色的光復合而成的。His
discovering
formed
the
bases
of
spectral
analysis.成為光譜分析的基礎。In
astronomy,he
created
the
reflecting
telescope,and
observed
the
laws
of
the
planet,and
thought
that
the
earth
isn't
regular
sphere
.在天文學方面，創制了反射式望遠鏡，觀察行星運行規律，提出地球不是正球形。He
wrote
some
works,such
as
the
Mathematics
Principle
of
Natural
Philosophy,the
Optics,and
so
on.著有《自然哲學的數學原理》、《光學》等。

⑸ 牛頓的英文名是什麼

牛頓（IsaacNewton，1642-1727），偉大的英國物理學家、天文學家、數學家。1642年12月25日（新歷1643年1月4日）生於林肯郡，幼年時就喜歡製作機械玩具。1661年進劍橋大學三一學院學數學，1665年獲文學士學位。

1667年，他進三一學院當研究生，次年獲碩士學位。1669年，頓受到數學教授巴羅博士的推薦，繼承他的教授職位。1689年和1701年，牛頓兩次以劍橋大學代表的身份被選入議會。

1696年，他被聘為造幣廠的監督。1703年起擔任英國皇家學會會長。1727年3月20日（新歷3月31日）逝世於倫敦。

牛頓在科學上的貢獻是非常巨大的。從天文學來說，他的主要成就有兩方面，即天文光學的研究和萬有引力定律的發現。1666年，牛頓重復了用三棱鏡分解日光為七色光帶的實驗。他正確地解釋說，這是各色光線通過玻璃時折射率不同造成的。但是，他認為各種玻璃的折射本領都是一樣的，因此折射望遠鏡不易製造。

為了解決這難題，牛頓便以銅錫合金磨成一面凹面鏡來反聚光成像，1672年牛頓製成了一種新的反射望遠鏡，一般稱為牛頓望遠鏡。他親手製造的望遠鏡現仍保存在英國皇家學會作為珍貴的展品。

1666年，牛頓在家鄉躲避瘟疫的時候，曾思考過引力問題。牛頓曾因見到樹上的蘋果落地而引起深思，引力的概念進入他的腦海。他的結論是，物體都互相吸引，地球上所有物質對蘋果的吸引力的合力是向著地心的，因此蘋果才向著地心落下。

進一步，牛頓又把物體相互吸引的問題推廣到宇宙間。他又想到月球離地球雖然遠到地球半徑的60倍，但地球的引力也一定會達到月球。那麼，月球何以不墜落呢？這一定和月球繞地球的運動有關。若月球暫停止運動，無疑它會落向地球引起災難性的碰撞，應該是月球的繞地運動使這災難得以避免。

天體互相吸引的概念，在牛頓以前就有人想到過，例如，英國物理學家R.胡克等人。他們甚至猜測過，引力是和距離平方成反比的。牛頓的貢獻是，令人無可懷疑地證明了地球和其他天體的引力確實是按照這個規律變化的。不過，完成這個證明卻需要很長的時間。一個原因是當時所掌握的地球半徑數據誤差較大，從而使牛頓最初算出的月球繞地球運動的向心加速度和地面上重力加速度之比不符合與距離平方成反比的規律。

直到1671年法國天文學家皮卡德測算得較精確的地球半徑數據後，才有可能通過計算，證明使蘋果落到地面的力量，也就是使月球沿軌道繞地球運行的力量。

既已理解月球繞地球運行的問題，牛頓不難推想到地球繞太陽的運動也是受控於太陽引力的。其他行星與太陽的距離雖不同於地球，它們繞太陽的運動也必定是受它的引力支配。

開普勒在牛頓之前曾經從觀測的結果得出行星運動的三定律，但行星為什麼要按這些規律運動，卻未能作出解答。牛頓從數學上解答了這個問題。牛頓首先證明若要行星與太陽的聯線在相等時間內掃過相等的面積，只需引力的方向是沿著行星與太陽的聯線即可，不問引力大小與距離有什麼關系。

假如行星的軌道為一橢圓，而太陽處於橢圓的一焦點上，那麼牛頓的數學推理能夠證明引力的強弱必須同太陽和行星距離的平方成反比。在繞日運行各行星的物質同樣受到太陽引力影響的假設下，數學方法也足以證明開普勒的第三定律，即任何兩顆行星周期的平方同它們軌道長軸的立方成正比。

通過進一步的研究，牛頓發現了天體力學中的許多奧秘。他認識到不但大天體象太陽、地球、月球按平方反比律互相吸引，而且宇宙間的每個質點和其他質點間也是以平方反比律互相吸引的。

從這一假設出發，牛頓證明了任何均勻的球體，它對外的引力可以用同質量的質點放在它中心的位置來替代。牛頓還用萬有引力原理說明了潮汐的各種現象，指出潮汐的大小不但同朔望有關系，而且同太陽的引力也有關系。

牛頓還從理論上推測，地球的兩極較扁，而歲差就是由於太陽對赤道突出部分的攝動而造成的。 牛頓的許多發現都收在他的不朽傑作《自然哲學的數學原理》一書中。該書於1687年問世。從此，一個嶄新的天文學分支--天體力學便而誕生了。

⑹ 誰有牛頓的英語介紹

Isaac Newton was one of the leading figures of the scientific revolution is the seventeenth century. He devoted his life to the study of the natural world, discovering the laws of gravity and motion, analyzing light, and developing the mathematics of calculus. He was born prematurely on December 25, 1642, in Woolsthorpe, England, to a poor farming family. Newton was taken out of school to work on the family farm at the age of 16 after his stepfather's death.

夠了嗎？不夠就在這個網頁找
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/newton/media/lrk-whowasnewton.pdf
參考資料：http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/newton/media/lrk-whowasnewton.pdf

English physicist and mathematician who was born into a poor farming family. Luckily for humanity, Newton was not a good farmer, and was sent to Cambridge to study to become a preacher. At Cambridge, Newton studied mathematics, being especially strongly influenced by Euclid, although he was also influenced by Baconian and Cartesian philosophies. Newton was forced to leave Cambridge when it was closed because of the plague, and it was ring this period that he made some of his most significant discoveries. With the reticence he was to show later in life, Newton did not, however, publish his results.

Newton suffered a mental breakdown in 1675 and was still recovering through 1679. In response to a letter from Hooke, he suggested that a particle, if released, would spiral in to the center of the Earth. Hooke wrote back, claiming that the path would not be a spiral, but an ellipse. Newton, who hated being bested, then proceeded to work out the mathematics of orbits. Again, he did not publish his calculations. Newton then began devoting his efforts to theological speculation and put the calculations on elliptical motion aside, telling Halley he had lost them (Westfall 1993, p. 403). Halley, who had become interested in orbits, finally convinced Newton to expand and publish his calculations. Newton devoted the period from August 1684 to spring 1686 to this task, and the result became one of the most important and influential works on physics of all times, Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy) (1687), often shortened to Principia Mathematica or simply "the Principia."

In Book I of Principia, Newton opened with definitions and the three laws of motion now known as Newton's laws (laws of inertia, action and reaction, and acceleration proportional to force). Book II presented Newton's new scientific philosophy which came to replace Cartesianism. Finally, Book III consisted of applications of his dynamics, including an explanation for tides and a theory of lunar motion. To test his hypothesis of universal gravitation, Newton wrote Flamsteed to ask if Saturn had been observed to slow down upon passing Jupiter. The surprised Flamsteed replied that an effect had indeed been observed, and it was closely predicted by the calculations Newton had provided. Newton's equations were further confirmed by observing the shape of the Earth to be oblate spheroidal, as Newton claimed it should be, rather than prolate spheroidal, as claimed by the Cartesians. Newton's equations also described the motion of Moon by successive approximations, and correctly predicted the return of Halley's Comet. Newton also correctly formulated and solved the first ever problem in the calculus of variations which involved finding the surface of revolution which would give minimum resistance to flow (assuming a specific drag law).

Newton invented a scientific method which was truly universal in its scope. Newton presented his methodology as a set of four rules for scientific reasoning. These rules were stated in the Principia and proposed that (1) we are to admit no more causes of natural things such as are both true and sufficient to explain their appearances, (2) the same natural effects must be assigned to the same causes, (3) qualities of bodies are to be esteemed as universal, and (4) propositions deced from observation of phenomena should be viewed as accurate until other phenomena contradict them.

These four concise and universal rules for investigation were truly revolutionary. By their application, Newton formulated the universal laws of nature with which he was able to unravel virtually all the unsolved problems of his day. Newton went much further than outlining his rules for reasoning, however, actually describing how they might be applied to the solution of a given problem. The analytic method he invented far exceeded the more philosophical and less scientifically rigorous approaches of Aristotle and Aquinas. Newton refined Galileo's experimental method, creating the compositional method of experimentation still practiced today. In fact, the following description of the experimental method from Newton's Optics could easily be mistaken for a modern statement of current methods of investigation, if not for Newton's use of the words "natural philosophy" in place of the modern term "the physical sciences." Newton wrote, "As in mathematics, so in natural philosophy the investigation of difficult things by the method of analysis ought ever to precede the method of composition. This analysis consists of making experiments and observations, and in drawing general conclusions from them by inction...by this way of analysis we may proceed from compounds to ingredients, and from motions to the forces procing them; and in general from effects to their causes, and from particular causes to more general ones till the argument end in the most general. This is the method of analysis: and the synthesis consists in assuming the causes discovered and established as principles, and by them explaining the phenomena preceding from them, and proving the explanations."

Newton formulated the classical theories of mechanics and optics and invented calculus years before Leibniz. However, he did not publish his work on calculus until afterward Leibniz had published his. This led to a bitter priority dispute between English and continental mathematicians which persisted for decades, to the detriment of all concerned. Newton discovered that the binomial theorem was valid for fractional powers, but left it for Wallis to publish (which he did, with appropriate credit to Newton). Newton formulated a theory of sound, but derived a speed which did not agree with his experiments. The reason for the discrepancy was that the concept of adiabatic propagation did not yet exist, so Newton's answer was too low by a factor of , where is the ratio of heat capacities of air. Newton therefore fudged his theory until agreement was achieved (Engineering and Science, pp. 15-16).

In Optics (1704), whose publication Newton delayed until Hooke's death, Newton observed that white light could be separated by a prism into a spectrum of different colors, each characterized by a unique refractivity, and proposed the corpuscular theory of light. Newton's views on optics were born out of the original prism experiments he performed at Cambridge. In his "experimentum crucis" (crucial experiment), he found that the image proced by a prism was oval-shaped and not circular, as current theories of light would require. He observed a half-red, half-blue string through a prism, and found the ends to be disjointed. He also observed Newton's rings, which are actually a manifestation of the wave nature of light which Newton did not believe in. Newton believed that light must move faster in a medium when it is refracted towards the normal, in opposition to the result predicted by Huygens's wave theory.

Newton also formulated a system of chemistry in Query 31 at the end of Optics. In this corpuscular theory, "elements" consisted of different arrangements of atoms, and atoms consisted of small, hard, billiard ball-like particles. He explained chemical reactions in terms of the chemical affinities of the participating substances. Newton devoted a majority of his free time later in life (after 1678) to fruitless alchemical experiments.

Newton was extremely sensitive to criticism, and even ceased publishing until the death of his arch-rival Hooke. It was only through the prodding of Halley that Newton was persuaded at all to publish the Principia Mathematica. In the latter portion of his life, he devoted much of his time to alchemical researches and trying to date events in the Bible. After Newton's death, his burial place was moved. During the exhumation, it was discovered that Newton had massive amounts of mercury in his body, probably resulting from his alchemical pursuits. This would certainly explain Newton's eccentricity in late life. Newton was appointed Warden of the British Mint in 1695. Newton was knighted by Queen Anne. However, the act was "an honor bestowed not for his contributions to science, nor for his service at the Mint, but for the greater glory of party politics in the election of 1705" (Westfall 1993, p. 625).

Newton singlehandedly contributed more to the development of science than any other indivial in history. He surpassed all the gains brought about by the great scientific minds of antiquity, procing a scheme of the universe which was more consistent, elegant, and intuitive than any proposed before. Newton stated explicit principles of scientific methods which applied universally to all branches of science. This was in sharp contradistinction to the earlier methodologies of Aristotle and Aquinas, which had outlined separate methods for different disciplines.

Although his methodology was strictly logical, Newton still believed deeply in the necessity of a God. His theological views are characterized by his belief that the beauty and regularity of the natural world could only "proceed from the counsel and dominion of an intelligent and powerful Being." He felt that "the Supreme God exists necessarily, and by the same necessity he exists always and everywhere." Newton believed that God periodically intervened to keep the universe going on track. He therefore denied the importance of Leibniz's vis viva as nothing more than an interesting quantity which remained constant in elastic collisions and therefore had no physical importance or meaning.

Although earlier philosophers such as Galileo and John Philoponus had used experimental proceres, Newton was the first to explicitly define and systematize their use. His methodology proced a neat balance between theoretical and experimental inquiry and between the mathematical and mechanical approaches. Newton mathematized all of the physical sciences, recing their study to a rigorous, universal, and rational procere which marked the ushering in of the Age of Reason. Thus, the basic principles of investigation set down by Newton have persisted virtually without alteration until modern times. In the years since Newton's death, they have borne fruit far exceeding anything even Newton could have imagined. They form the foundation on which the technological civilization of today rests. The principles expounded by Newton were even applied to the social sciences, influencing the economic theories of Adam Smith and the decision to make the United States legislature bicameral. These latter applications, however, pale in contrast to Newton's scientific contributions.

It is therefore no exaggeration to identify Newton as the single most important contributor to the development of modern science. The Latin inscription on Newton's tomb, despite its bombastic language, is thus fully justified in proclaiming, "Mortals! rejoice at so great an ornament to the human race!" Alexander Pope's couplet is also apropos: "Nature and Nature's laws lay hid in night; God said, Let Newton be! and all was light."

參考資料：http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Newton.html

⑺ 艾薩克牛頓英文名怎麼讀

Isaac Newton

英 [ˈaizək ˈnjuːtən] 美 [ˈaɪzək ˈnuːtən]

Isaac

名字性別：男孩英文名

來源語種：古英語、希伯來語

名字寓意：笑聲

名字含義：笑聲，是從希伯來文名字יִצְחָק（Yitzchaq）演變而來，意思是「他會笑，他會喜樂」，從צָחַק（tzachaq）派生意思是「笑」。

Newton

來源語種：古英語

(7)牛頓大學的牛頓用英語怎麼說擴展閱讀

牛頓（Isacc Newton，1642—1727）是英國數學家、天文學家和物理學家。

1642年12月25日出生於英國北部林肯郡的偏僻農村，1661年牛頓中學畢業考入劍橋大學，1665年牛頓大學畢業，獲得了學士學位，留校做研究工作。

在天文學方面，牛頓創制了反射望遠鏡。在數學方面，牛頓與萊布尼茨獨立發展出了微積分學，並為之創造了各自獨特的符號。在力學上，牛頓闡明了動量和角動量守恆的原理，提出牛頓運動定律。

在光學上，他發明了反射望遠鏡，並基於對三棱鏡將白光發散成可見光譜的觀察，發展出了顏色理論。他還系統地表述了冷卻定律，並研究了音速。牛頓的研究領域非常廣泛，他除了在數學、光學、力學等方面做出卓越貢獻。

⑻ 牛頓英文怎麼

Newton。採納！

⑼ 牛頓全名用英文怎麼說

全名 --- 愛薩克.牛頓 (Issac Newton)

⑽ 牛頓簡介的英語翻譯

艾薩克·牛頓簡介艾薩克·牛頓[1]，Isaac
newton(1643年1月4日—1727年3月20日)是英國偉大的數學家、物理學家、天文學家和自然哲學家，同時他也是一個神學愛好者，晚年曾著力研究神學。1643年1月4日生於英格蘭林肯郡格蘭瑟姆附近的沃爾索普村,1727年3月20日在倫敦病逝。
牛頓1661年入英國劍橋大學聖三一學院，1665年獲文學士學位。隨後兩年在家鄉躲避瘟疫。這兩年裡，他制定了一生大多數重要科學創造的藍圖。1667年回劍橋後當選為聖三一學院院委，次年獲碩士學位。1669年任盧卡斯教授直到1701年。1696年任皇家造幣廠監督，並移居倫敦。1703年任英國皇家學會會長。1706年受女王安娜封爵。他晚年潛心於自然哲學與神學。
牛頓在科學上最卓越的貢獻是創建了微積分和經典力學。
備註：牛頓是儒略歷1642年12月25日
即格里歷（陽歷）1643年1月4日
所以正確的出生日期是1月4號
Isaac
Newton
introction
to
Isaac
Newton
[1],
Isaac
Newton
(four-year-old
jan.
4-1727
on
March
20th)
is
the
greatest
mathematician
and
physicist,
astronomers
and
natural
philosophers,
while
he
is
also
a
theological
studies
have
put
in
lover,
theology.
Four-year-old
on
January
4,
was
born
in
England
lincolnshire
near
grantham
of
wal-mart
thorpe
village,
on
March
20,
died
in
London.
Newton
1661,
university
of
Cambridge,
UK,
into
the
holy
trinity
college
in
1665,
bachelor
of
arts
degree.
Two
years
later
in
my
hometown
avoid
plague.
These
two
years,
he
formulated
the
life
most
important
scientific
and
create
the
blueprint.
Cambridge
in
1667
back
after
elected
at
trinity
college
courtyard,
the
committee
with
a
master's
degree.
Responsible
in
1669
by
professor
until
1701.
Lucas,
In
1696
as
the
royal
mint
supervision,
and
moved
to
London.
Tsar
British
royal
association.
By
the
queen
Anna
conferment
1706.
He
spent
his
last
years
concentrates
on
natural
philosophy
and
theology.
Newton
in
science
is
the
most
outstanding
contributions
to
create
the
calculus
and
classical
mechanics.
Note:
Newton's
Julian
calendar
in
1642,
December
25th
Gregorian
(Gregorian
calendar)
four-year-old
on
January
4,
so
the
correct
birth
date
is
January
4