初中英語時態怎麼講
Ⅰ 求文檔: 初中英語時態講解
一、動詞時態
英語的動詞在表示不同時間里發生的行為或存在的狀態時,要用不同的形式來表示。英語的時態從時間上來看,可分為「現在」,「過去」,「將來「和」過去將來「四大類。動詞共有十六種不同時態,但常用的時態有八種。
(一) 一般現在時
一般現在時表示經常發生的動作(習慣性的動作)或存在的狀態,句中常用always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every day等時間狀語。
例如:
1) He goes to school at seven o』clock every day.
2) The sun rises in the east.
(二) 一般過去時
一般過去時主要用於表示過去的動作、行為或狀態,句中常有yesterday, ago, in 1989, once, last week (month, year), at that time, just now 等時間狀語。
例如:
1) He was born in 1989.
2) I used to play football when I was young.
(三)一般將來時
英語動詞表示將來時間有多種形式,其共同特點是句中常有表示將來時間的狀語,如:tomorrow, next week, in a week等
例如:
1) We will visit the science museum next week.
2) We are going to discuss the problem tomorrow.
(四)現在進行時
現在進行時表示現在時刻正在進行的動作或表示現階段正在做的事情,句中常與now, at this moment等時間狀語連用。
例如:
1) The boy is playing video games.
2) His father is writing a novel these days.
(五)現在完成時
現在完成時表示從過去某一時刻開始一直延續到現在的動作或狀態,或還要延續下去,句中常用since, for, yet, already等表示一段時間的狀語。
例如:
1) Great changes have taken place in China since 1980.
2) He has been in this factory for five years.
(六)過去進行時
過去進行時表示在過去某個時候正在進行的動作或過去某個階段正在做的事情。
例如:
1) He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday.
2) When I came in, they were having supper.
(七)過去完成時
表示在過去某個時刻前已經發生的動作或狀態,或者從過去某個時刻開始一直延續到過去另一時刻的動作或狀態。
例如:
1) By the end of last year, we had learned more than 2,000 English words.
2) My teacher had taught in that school for ten years before she came here.
(八)過去將來時
過去將來時表示從過去的觀點來預計以後要發生的動作或存在的狀態,這種時態常用於賓語從句當中,主句中的謂語動詞一般是過去時。
例如:
1) He said that he would study harder than before.
2) He didn』t tell me when he would go.
二、被動語態
(一)被動語態的構成
英語動詞的被動語態由助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞構成。助動詞be必須與主語的人稱和數保持一致,並有時態的變化。例如:
The man was fooled by the two boys.
The book has been translated into several languages.
(二)被動語態的用法
(1)動作的執行者不知道是誰或難以說明時常用被動語態。例如:
Street lights are often turned on at six in winter.
The new test book will be used next term.
(2)當動作的承受者比起動作的執行者來說更能引起人們的關心而需要加以強調時,要用被動語態。例如:
This kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop.
The thief was caught by a policeman yesterday.
(3)含有雙賓語的句子,主動句中的間接賓語或者直接賓語都可變為被動語態中的主語,另一個保留不變。變為主語的若是主動句中的直接賓語,間接賓語前則需加介詞to 或for。
例如:The pianist gave the pupils some advice.
間接賓語 直接賓語
→The pupils were given some advice by the pianist.
→Some advice was given to the pupils by the pianist.
(4)在主動語態句中動詞make、have、let、see、watch、hear、feel等後接動詞不定式作賓語補足語,動詞不定式不加to。但變成被動語態時後面的不定式都須加上to。
例如:The boss made them work ten hours a day.
→They were made to work ten hours a day by the boss.
A boy saw him enter the house.
→He was seen to enter the house.
(三)被動語態的時態
(1) 一般現在時
構成:助動詞am/ is/are + 動詞的過去分詞
例如:This kind of car is made in Shanghai.
English is spoken in many countries.
(2) 一般過去時
構成:助動詞was/were + 動詞的過去分詞
例如:The bridge was built in 1992.
Was this novel written by his father?
(3) 一般將來時
構成:will be 或be going to + be + 動詞的過去分詞
例如:These books are going to be posted tomorrow.
The baby will be taken good care of in the hospital.
(4) 現在完成時
構成:助動詞have/has + been + 動詞的過去分詞
例如:Has his work been finished?
We haven』t been invited to the party.
(5) 現在進行時
構成:be + being + 動詞的過去分詞
例如:A new bridge is being built in my hometown.
The problem is being discussed by the students.
補充說明:帶有情態動詞的被動語態
構成:情態動詞 + be + 動詞的過去分詞
例如:Can this walkman be repaired here?
Your composition must be handed in tomorrow.
Ⅱ 初中英語八大時態講解
1. 一般現在時表示現階段經常或習慣發生的動作或存在的狀態,或說明主語的特徵。①一般現在時句子中常有的時間狀語:often, usually, sometimes, always, every (day等), once/twice, a (week等), on (Sunday等), never, in the (morning等)。如:They go to the Palace Museum once a year.(他們每年去一次故宮)/ They often discuss business in the evening.(他們經常在晚上商談生意)②表示客觀真理、事實、人的技能或現在的狀態時句子里一般不用時間狀語。如:The earth turns round the sun.(地球繞著太陽轉)/ Light travels faster than sound.(光傳播比聲音快)③ 表示十分確定會發生(如安排好的事情)或按照時間表進行的事情,用一般現在可以表達將來,句子中可以有將來時間。如:The train for Haikou leaves at 8:00 in the morning.(開往漢口的列車上午8點開車)④ 在時間狀語從句中(以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等引導)和條件狀語從句中(以if,unless引導),用一般現在時代替一般將來時,句子可以有將來時間。如:Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.(你一到德國就給我打電話) / If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我們就只好獃在家)⑤ 一般現在時用於倒裝句中可以表示正在發生的動作,動詞以come, go為主。如:Here comes the bus. (車來了) / There goes the bell.(鈴響了)。⑥ 一般現在時常用於體育比賽的解說或寓言故事中。Now the midfield player catches the ball and he keeps it.⑦ 人的心理活動和感官動作一般用一般現在時而不用現在進行時表達,常見動詞有:like, love, hate, dislike, want, wish, hope, think(認為),understand, remember, forget, mean, need, hear, feel, see. 如:I think it is going to snow.(我想天要下雪了)/ I really hope you can enjoy your stay here.(我真的希望你愉快地呆在這兒)2. 一般過去時 表示過去某時發生的動作或狀態,這種動作或狀態可能是一次性,也可能經常發生。①表示過去具體時刻發生的一次性動作時,時間狀語有:at (eight) (yesterday morning),(ten minutes) ago, when引導的時間狀語從句。如:I got up at 6:00 this morning.(我是早上六點鍾起床的)/ Little Tom broke the window at half past nine this morning.(小湯姆今天早上九點半把窗子打破了)/ When he went into the room,he saw a stranger talking with his father.(他走進房間時發現一個陌生人正和他父親談話)②表示過去一段時間內不知何時發生的一次性動作時,時間狀語有:yesterday, last (year等), in (1998 等),in the past。如:He came to our city in the year 2000.(他2000年來到我們市)③表示過去一個階段中經常發生的事情時,時間狀語有:last…, in…, from…to…, for(10 years),often,usually, sometimes, always, never等。如:Mr Jackson usually went to evening schools when he was young. / Every day he went to the rich man and borrowed books from him.④講故事、對過去經歷的回憶、雙方都明白的過去事件等一般用過去時,而且經常省略時間狀語。如:I happened to meet Rose in the street.(我正好在街上遇到露西)3. 一般將來時 表示將來某一時刻或經常發生的動作或狀態。①一般將來時的時間狀語有:tomorrow,this (afternoon), next (year), one day, now, soon, someday, sometime, in the future, when引導的從句等。②用will構成的將來時,表示動作與人的主觀願望無關。「shall」用於第一人稱,「will」 用於所有人稱。如:I will graate from this school soon.(我很快就要從這所中學畢業了)/ You will stay alone after I leave.(我走了之後你就要一個人過了)③「am/is/are going to+動詞原形」表示打算或准備要做的事情,或者主觀判斷即將要發生的事情。It』s going to rain soon.(天快要下雨了)④表示一個人臨時決定要做某事,可以用will表達。如:I will go to the lab to get some chemicals(化學葯劑). So please wait until I return.(我要到化學實驗室去取些葯品,請等我回頭)⑤現在進行時、一般現在時也可以表示將來。(見相應時態)⑥shall和will 在口語的一些疑問句中相當於情態動詞。Shall一般與第一人稱連用,will與第二人稱連用。如:Shall we go to the zoo next Saturday?(我們下周六去動物園好嗎?)/ Will you please open the door for me?(替我把門打開好嗎?)4. 現在進行時 現在進行時表示現在正在進行的動作或是現階段正發生此刻不一定在進行的動作。①現在進行時由「助動詞be (am is are ) +現在分詞」構成。②現在進行時的時間狀語有: now, this …, these…等,但經常不用。如:What are you doing up in the tree?(你在樹上干什麼?)/ I am writing a long novel these days.(我最近在寫一本長篇小說)③表示即將發生的動作,一般指近期安排好的事情。常見的動詞有:come, go, stay, leave, spend, do等。如:I』m coming now.(我就來)/ What are you doing tomorrow?(你明天干什麼?)/ He is leaving soon.(他就要走了)④表示頻繁發生或反復進行的動作,常與always等頻度副詞連用,以表示贊揚、不滿或討厭等感情色彩。如:He is always borrowing money from me and forgetting all about it some time later.(他老是向我借錢,過一些時候就忘得一干二凈)5. 過去進行時 過去進行時表示過去某一時刻或某階段正在進行的動作。①過去進行時由「was(第一、三人稱單數)或were(第二人稱單數和各人稱的復數)+現在分詞」構成。②過去進行時的時間狀語有:then, at that time, this time yesterday, at (eight) yesterday (morning),(a year) ago, 以及由when引出的時間狀語從句。如:He was cooking supper this time yesterday.(昨天這個時候他正在做晚飯)/ The little girl was playing with her toy when I saw her.(我看到小女孩的時候她正在玩玩具)③用於賓語從句或時間狀語從句中,表示與主句動作同時進行而且是延續時間較長。句子中通常不用時間狀語。如:She saw it happen when she was walking past.(她路過時看到事情的發生)/ They sang a lot of songs while they were walking in the dark forest.(他們在黑暗的森林裡走時唱了很多歌)④也可以表示過去一個階段頻繁發生或反復進行的動作,常與always等頻度副詞連用,以表示贊揚、不滿或討厭等感情色彩。如:He was always borrowing money from me when he lived here.(他住在這里時老向我借錢)6. 現在完成時 現在完成時表示一個發生在過去的、對現在仍有影響的動作,或表示開始在過去,並且一直延續到現在,甚至還可能延續下去的動作。①在完成時由「助動詞have (has)+動詞的過去分詞」構成。②表示發生在過去的對現在仍有影響的動作時,時間狀語有:already, yet, just, once, twice, ever, never, three times, before, in the past+一段時間等。如:I have never seen such fine pictures before. (我以前從來沒有看過這么好的畫)/ He has just gone to England.(他剛去英國)③表示在過去開始一直延續到現在(可能延續下去)的動作或狀態時,時間狀語有:for (two years),since 1990, since (two weeks ago)和since引導的狀語從句。如:I have been away from my hometown for thirty years.(我離開家鄉有30年了)/ Uncle Wang has worked in the factory since it opened.(自從這家工廠開張,王叔叔一直在那兒工作)④口語中have got往往表示have(有)的意思。如:They have got thousands of books in their library.(他們圖書館有上萬本書)⑤have been to與have gone to的區別:have gone to(「已經去了」)表示人不在這里,have been to(「去過」)表示人在這里。如:--Where is Mr. Li? –He has gone to the UK. (李先生在哪裡?他去了英國。)/ --Do you know something about Beijing? –Yes, I have been to Beijing three times. (你知道北京的情況嗎?是的,我去過那裡三次。)⑥在完成時中,一個瞬間性動詞(一次性動作)不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用, 此時須將該瞬間動詞改為延續性動詞或狀態動詞。或者使用下面這個句型:It is/ has been + (多久)+ since +主語(人)+謂語(過去時)+……+過去時間狀語[注意] 在其它的時態中也存在類似問題,記住,關鍵是:瞬間動詞不能和表達一段時間的狀語連用。如:How long may I keep the book?(這本書我能借多久?)(句子中keep取代了borrow)8. 過去完成時 過去完成時表示過去某一時間或某一動作發生之前已經完成的動作。簡言之, 過去完成時所表示的時間是「過去的過去」。①過去完成時由「助動詞had+動詞的過去分詞」構成。②過去完成時時間狀語有:by (yesterday), by then, by the end of (last…)或者由when, before等引出狀語從句。有時句子中會有already, just, once, ever, never等詞語,也會有for… 或since…構成的時間狀語。如:They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came.(當老師來的時候他們已經打掃完了教室)/ The woman had left before he realized she was a cheat.(在他發覺那個婦女是個騙子時她已經走掉了)③過去完成時常用於賓語從句中、after引導的從句中,或者從句是before引導的主句中。如:After I had put on my shoes and hat, I walked into the darkness.(我穿上鞋子戴上帽子走進了黑暗之中)/ He said that he had never seen a kangaroo before.(他說他以前從來沒有見過袋鼠)8. 過去將來時 過去將來時表示在過去預計將要發生的動作或存在的狀態。①過去將來時由「助動詞should(第一人稱)或would(第二、三人稱)+動詞原形」構成。在美國英語中,過去將來時的助動詞一律用「would +動詞原形」。②過去將來時常由於賓語從句中,時間狀語有:later, soon, the next (day).③在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中不可以使用過去將來時,而應該使用一般過去時。如:He promised that he would pay me a lot if I helped him with the project.(他答應付給我許多錢如果我幫助他搞那個項目)/ Every time when he was free, he would sit down and read some books.(每次只要他有空他就會坐下來看看書)④表示純粹的將來時用would或should,表示打算或主觀認為的事情用was/were going to (+動詞原形)。如:She told me she would be 18 the next month.(她告訴我她下個月就18歲了)/ She told me that she was going to have a walk with her pet dog.(她告訴我她打算帶她的寵物狗去散步)⑤過去將來時還可以表示一個過去經常性的動作。如:When it rained in the day, he would bring an umbrella with him.(白天下雨時他會隨身帶一把雨傘)
Ⅲ 誰能給我講講中學英語的時態
分類: 教育/科學 >> 外語學習
問題描述:
詳細的
解析:
1.一般現在時的用法
1)表示經常性,習慣性的動作;表示現在的狀態,特徵 和真理。句中常用often, usually, every day等時間狀語,例如:
He goes to school every day. (經常性動作)
He is very happy.(現在的狀態)
The earth moves around the sun. (真理)
2)在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中,用現在時表示將來,例如:
If you e this afternoon, we』ll have a meeting.
When I graate, I』ll go to the countryside.
Don』t get off the bus until it has stopped.
3)有時這個時態表示按計劃,規定要發生的動作。(句中都帶有時間狀語詞)但僅限於少數動詞,如:begin e, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close等,例如:
The meeting begins at seven.
The train starts at nine in the morning.
4)表示狀態和感覺的動詞。如be, like, hate, think, remember, find, sound等常用一般現在時。例如:
I like English very much.
The story sounds interesting.
5)書報的標題,小說等情節介紹常用一般現在時。
2. 一般過去時的用法
1)表示過去某時發生的事,存在的狀態或過去反復發生的動作。
He saw Mr.Wang yesterday.
He worked in a factory in 1986.
2)表示過去經常發生的動作,也可用「used to」和「would+動詞原形」。例如:
I used to *** oke.
During the vacation I would swim in the sea.
注意:used to表示過去常發生而現在不發生的動作或 存在的狀態。另外「be used to+名詞(動名詞)」表示 「習慣於…… 」。例如:
I am used to the climate here.
He is used to swimming in winter.
3. 一般將來時的用法
一般將來時表示將來的動作或狀態,其表達形式除了「will或shall+動詞原形」外,還有以下幾種形式。
1)「to be going to+動詞原形」, 表示即將發生的或最近打算進行的事。例如:
It is going to rain.
We are going to have a meeting today.
2)go, e, start, move, sail, leave等可用進行時態表示按計劃即將發生的動作。例如:
I』m leaving for Beijing.
3)be to+動詞原形」表示按計劃要發生的事或徵求對方意見。例如:
Are we to go on with this work?
The boy is to go to school tomorrow.
4)「be about to+動詞原形」表示即將發生的動作。例如:
We are about to leave.
4. 現在進行時的用法
1)現在進行時表示現在正在進行的動作,由「to be+現在分詞」構成。例如:
What are you doing?
2)表示感覺,願望和狀態的某些動詞,如have, be, hear, see, like等詞一般不用進行時。
5. 過去進行時的用法
1)過去進行時表示過去某一時刻,某一階段正進行的動作,由「was (were)+現在分詞」構成。例如:
In 1980 he was studying in a university.
He was reading a novel when I came in.
6. 現在完成時的用法
現在完成時由「have+過去分詞」構成。其使用有兩種情況:
1)現在完成時所表示的動作在說話之前已完成,而對現在有影響。句中沒有明顯時間狀語。例如:
He has gone to Fuyang . (說話人認為他不在該地)
He has been to Fuyang. (說話人認為他在該地)
)現在完成時所表示的動作開始於過去,持續到現在,也許還會持續下去。常用for和since表示一段時間的狀語或so far, now, today, this week (month, year)等表示包括現在時間在內的狀語。例如:
He has studied English for 5 years.
He has studied English since 1985.
Now I have finished the work.
注意:表示短暫時間動作的詞,如:e, go, die, marry, buy等的完成時不能與for, since等表示一段時間的詞連用。
3)現在完成時還可用在時間和條件狀語從句中,表示將來某時完成的動作。例如:
I』ll go to your home when I have finished my homework.
If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we will go to the park.
7. 過去完成時的用法
)過去完成時由「had+過去分詞」 構成,過去完成時的動作表示過去某一時刻或某一動作之前完成的動作狀態。句中常用by, before, until, when等詞引導的時間狀語。例如:
By the end of last year we had built five new houses.
I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university.
2)過去完成時的動詞還可表示過去某一時刻之前發生的動作或狀態持續到過去某個時間或持續下去。例如:
Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.
8)過去將來時的用法
過去將來時表示從過去的某時間看將要發生的動作或狀態。過去將來時由「should或would+動詞原形」構成。第一人稱用should,其他人稱用would.例如:
They were sure that they would succeed.
9)現在完成進行時的用法
現在完成進行時由「have (has)+been+現在分詞」構成,表示現在以前一直在進行的動作。有些詞,如work, study, live, teach等用現在完成進行時與用現在完成時意思差不多。例如:
I have worked here for three years.
I have been working here for three years.
但多數動詞在這兩種時態中表示不同意思。例如:
I have written a letter(已寫完)
I have been writing a letter(還在寫)
注意:表示短暫動作的動詞,如finish, marry, get up, e go等不能用這種時態。
練習 選擇最佳答案填空:
1.We _____ a party next weekend. I hope you can e.
A. have B. will have C. had D. would have
2. I _____ a book at home when I heard a loud noise outside the building.
A. have read B. was reading C. read D. had read
3. -- ____ my glasses?
-- Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago.
A. Do you see B. Had you seen
C. Would you see D. Have you seen
4. Helen _____ her key in the office so she had to wait until her hu *** and _____ home.
A. had left; es B. left; had e
C. had left; came D. had left; would e
5. – Hi, Tracy, you look tired.
-- I am tired. I _____ the living room all day.
A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted
6. – You have left the light on.
-- Oh, so I have. _____ and turn it off.
A. I』ll go B. I』ve gone C. I go D. I』m going
7. The reporter said that the UFO _____ east to west when he saw it.
A. was traveling B. traveled
C. had been traveling D. was to travel
8. I _____ ping-pong quite well, but I haven』t had time to play since the new year.
A. will play B. have played C. played D. play
9. – You haven』t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it?
-- I』m sorry I _____ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it』s pretty on you.
A. wasn』t saying B. don』t say C. won』t D. didn』t say
10. I wonder why Jenny _____ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.
A. hasn』t written B. doesn』t write C. won』t write D. hadn』t write
Key:1-5 BBDCC 6-10 AADDA
Ⅳ 初中英語的八大時態
時態無疑是初中英語最重要的語法內容,學好時態基本就拿下了語法的半壁江山。,我在這里整理了初中英語的八大時態,希望能幫助到大家。
一般現在時一
1. 概念:經常、反復發生的動作或行為及現在的某種狀況。
2. 基本結構:①is/am/are;②do/does
否定形式:①am/is/are+not;②此時態的謂語動詞若為行為動詞,則在其前加don't,如主語為第三人稱單數,則用doesn't,同時還原行為動詞。
3. 一般疑問句:①把is/am/are動詞放於句首;②用助動詞do提問,如主語為第三人稱單數,則用does,同時,還原行為動詞。
4. 用法
1) 經常性或習慣性的動作,常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用。
例如:I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七點離開家。
2) 客觀真理,客觀存在,科學事實。
例如:The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞太陽轉動。
Shanghai lies in the east ofChina. 上海位於中國東部。
3) 表示格言或警句。
例如:Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗。
注意:此用法如果出現在賓語從句中,即使主句是過去時,從句謂語也要用一般現在時。
例如:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥倫布證實了地球是圓的。
4) 現在時刻的狀態、能力、性格、個性。
例如:I don't want so much. 我不要那麼多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well.安英語寫得不錯,講的可不行。
5) 一般現在時表示將來含義
a. 下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現在時可以表示將來,主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。
例如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車明天上午六點開。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽車什麼時候開?十分鍾後。
b. 在時間或條件句中。
例如:When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比爾來後,讓他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那裡,就寫信給你。
一般過去時二
1. 概念:過去某個時間里發生的動作或狀態;過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行為。
2. 基本結構:①was/were;②行為動詞過去式
否定形式:①was/were+not;②在行為動詞前加didn't,同時還原行為動詞。
一般疑問句:①was或were放於句首;②用助動詞do的過去式did 提問,同時還原行為動詞。
3. 用法
1) 在確定的過去時間里所發生的動作或存在的狀態。
時間狀語有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。
例如:Where did you go just now? 剛才你上哪兒去了?
2) 表示在過去一段時間內,經常性或習慣性的動作。
例如:When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
我是個孩子的時候,常在馬路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went ring their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
那時,布朗一家無論什麼時候去,都受到熱烈歡迎。
注意:used to + do:"過去常常"表示過去習慣性的動作或狀態,但如今已不存在。
例如:Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老媽過去沒那麼健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫過去常常散步。
現在進行時三
1. 概念:表示現階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。
2. 時間狀語:now, at this time, these days, etc.
3. 基本結構:am/is/are+doing
否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.
一般疑問句:把be動詞放於句首。
4. 用法:
1) 表示現在(指說話人說話時)正在發生的事情。
例如: We are waiting for you. 我們正在等你。
2) 習慣進行:表示長期的或重復性的動作,說話時動作未必正在進行。
例如:Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在寫另一部小說。(說話時並未在寫,只處於寫作的狀態。)
3) 表示漸變,這樣的動詞有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
例如:The leaves are turning red. 葉子在變紅。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越來越熱了。
4) 與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用,表示反復發生的動作或持續存在的狀態,往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。例如:
You are always changing your mind. 你老是改變主意。
5) 用現在進行時表示將來
下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等瞬時動詞的現在進行時可以表示將來。
例如:I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你會在這兒呆到下周嗎?
過去進行時四
1. 概念:表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發生或進行的行為或動作。
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
我兄弟騎車時摔了下來,受了傷。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
我到達山頂時,陽光燦爛。
2. 時間狀語:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。
3. 基本結構:was/were+doing
否定形式:was/were + not + doing.
一般疑問句:把was或were放於句首。
4. 用法
1) 過去進行時表示過去某段時間內持續進行的動作或者事情。
We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.
昨天晚上七點到九點的時候我們在看電視。
2) 過去進行時可以表示在過去某個時間點發生的事情。
時間點可以用介詞短語、副詞或從句來表示。
What was she doing at nine o'clock yesterday?
昨天晚上九點她在做什麼? (介詞短語表示時間點)
She was doing her homework then.
那個時候她正在寫作業。(副詞表示時間點)
When I saw him he was decorating his room.
當我看見他的時候他正在裝飾房間。 (when從句表示時間點)
3) 在復合句中,如果主要動作和背景動作都是延續的或同時發生的,那麼主從句的動詞都可用過去進行時。
When he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.
他邊等車邊看報。 (兩個動作都是延續的)
He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.
他擦車時我在做飯。(兩個動作同時進行)
一般將來時五
1. 概念:表示將要發生的動作或存在的狀態及打算、計劃或准備做某事。
2. 時間狀語:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by the day after tomorrow, etc.
3. 基本結構:①am/is/are/going to + do;②will + do.
否定形式:①am/is/are+not+going to + do②will not(won't)+ do.
一般疑問句:①am/is/are放於句首;②will提到句首。
4. will主要用於在以下三個方面:
1) 表示主觀意願的將來。
They will go to visit the factory tomorrow.
明天他們將去廠參觀工廠。
I’ll come with Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Yang Ling.
我將和王兵、劉濤、楊玲一起來。
2) 表示不以人的意志為轉移的客觀的將來。
Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday.
今天是星期六。明天是(將)是星期日。
He will be thirty years old this time next year.
明年這個時候他就(將)三十歲。
3) 表示臨時決定,通常用於對話中。
—Mary has been ill for a week.
瑪麗病了一周了。
—Oh, I didn't know. I will go and see her.
噢,我不知道。我去看看她。
5. be going to主要用於一下兩個方面:
1) 表示事先經過考慮、安排好打算、計劃要做某事。
Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon.
今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌劇。
2) 表示根據目前某種跡象判斷,某事非常有可能發生,表示推測。
Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain.
瞧!烏雲密集。天要下雨了。
過去將來時六
1. 概念:立足於過去某一時刻,從過去看將來,常用於賓語從句中。
2. 時間狀語:the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc.
3. 基本結構:①was/were/going to + do;②would + do.
否定形式:①was/were/not + going to + do;②would + not + do.
一般疑問句:①was或were放於句首;②would 提到句首。
4. 用法
1) 「would+動詞原形」常表示主觀意願的將來。例如:
He said he would come to see me.
他說他要來看我。
He told me he would go to Beijing.
他告訴我他將去北京。
2) 「was/ were+going to+動詞原形」常表示按計劃或安排即將發生的事。例如:
She said she was going to start off at once.
她說她將立即出發。
I was told that he was going to return home.
有人告訴我他准備回家。
此結構還可表示根據某種跡象來看,很可能或即將發生的事情。例如:
It seemed as if it was going to rain.
看來好像要下雨。
3) come, go, leave, arrive, start等瞬時動詞動詞可用過去進行時表示過去將來的含義。例如:
He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.
他說火車將於第二天早晨六點離開。
She told me she was coming to see me.
她告訴我她要來看我。
現在完成時七
1. 概念:過去發生或已經完成的動作對現在造成的影響或結果,或從過去已經開始,持續到現在並且有可能繼續下去的動作或狀態。
2. 時間狀語:recently, lately, since, for, in the past few years, etc.
3. 基本結構:have/has + done
否定形式:have/has + not +done.
一般疑問句:have或has。
4. since的三種用法
1) since +過去一個時間點(如具體的年、月、日期、鍾點、1980, last month, half past six)。
例如:I have been here since 1989. 1989起,我一直在這兒。
2) since +一段時間+ ago。
例如:I have been here since five months ago. 我在這兒,已經有五個月了。
3) since +從句(一般過去時)。
例如:Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走後,變化可大了。
比較since和for
since 用來說明動作起始時間,for用來說明動作延續時間長度。
例如:I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在這兒二十多年了。
注意:並非有for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現在完成時。
I worked here for more than twenty years. (我現在已不在這里工作。)
過去完成時八
1. 概念:以過去某個時間為標准,在此以前發生的動作或行為,或在過去某動作之前完成的行為,即「過去的過去」。
2. 時間狀語:before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc.
3. 基本結構:had + done.
否定形式:had + not + done.
一般疑問句:had放於句首。
4. 用法
1) 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞後的賓語從句種。
例如:She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告訴我她曾去過巴黎。
2) 在過去不同時間發生的兩個動作中,發生在先,用過去完成時;發生在後,用一般過去時。
例如:When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到達時,小偷們早就跑了。
3) 表示意向的動詞,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean,
suppose等,用過去完成時表示"原本…,未能…"。
例如:We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那時我們希望你能來,但是你沒有來。
注意: had hardly… when... 剛......就......。
例如:I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我剛打開門,他就打了我。
had no sooner…than 剛…… 就……。
例如:He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他剛買了這輛車,轉眼又賣了。
相關知識:學習英語的好方法
一.初中英語單詞背誦技巧大全
單詞是英語學習的基礎,所以背誦單詞是初中英語學習方法中最重要的一步。不要背誦簡單的背誦,沒有後退的路。大多數初中生只死記硬背單詞,沒有學會把單詞放在上下文中。這種背誦單詞的方法很費力,容易忘記。所以我們應該試著把單詞放到上下文中,理解發音規則來記憶單詞。雖然在早期階段使用這種方法需要大量的精力和時間,但是我們對後者的了解越多,我們就會越順利。我們首先要養成背單詞的突出習慣,然後才能起草初中英語學習的滿分方式。
二.初中英語語法學習辦法
初中英語學習階段的語法內容屬於結構建構階段。如果在這個階段學習好語法,高中英語語法就會容易得多。因此,學生首先要弄清楚的是,初中英語語法的重點在於詞法,而不是句法。因此,現階段,我們必須對名詞、動詞、介詞、形容詞等各種詞的詞形、特徵以及如何進行總體配置進行深入的研究。提倡學生每天學習拼詞點,用相應的問題理解語法學習,做好筆記,以便課後隨時閱讀。
三.初中英語寫作練習技巧歸類
在初中英語學習方法中,寫作是最難掌握的知識點。寫作不僅是語法和詞彙的組合,還包括學生自身的邏輯思維和辯 思維。因此,在初中寫作學習中,我們應該學會多閱讀,多模仿。除了滿分作文外,還必須善於背誦高句型,以達到「讀萬卷,寫有精神」,多讀的目的。遵循你自己的寫作水平。
只是從簡單的小學英語變成了較為正式的初中英語學習體系,很多學生不會適應,但我們必須學會調整自己的學習狀況,掌握正確的初中英語學習方式才能使你的英語學習更容易!
Ⅳ 初中英語八大時態基本結構
初中英語八大復時態基本結構:
1.一般制現在時: 主語+do/does(現在分詞)
2.現在進行時: 主語+am/is/are doing
3.一般過去時: 主語+did
4.過去進行時: was/were doing
5.現在完成時: have/has done
6.過去完成時: had done
7.一般將來時: will do/be going to do
8.過去將來時: was/were to /would do
Ⅵ 初中英語時態8種基本時態結構
初中英語中的八個基本時態,即:一般現在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、過去將來時、現在進行時、過去進行時、現在完成時、過去完成時。
時態表示經常、反復發生的動作或行為,不同的時態用以表示不同的時間與方式。在語法里,時或時態表示行為發生的時間和說話時的關系。一般分為過去式、現在式、將來式,通常也有與表示動作進行或終止的進行式和完成式等體貌一起相連用的情況。
將來時態的5種句型是如下:
一、肯定句:We will visit you tomorrow。
二、否定句:We will not go to school on Sunday。
三、疑問句:Shall we go shopping。
四、特殊疑問句:Why won』t go with us。
五、不定式,意為馬上做某事:be about to。
Ⅶ 【又分】初中英語時態詳解
英語時態分為16種:一般現在、一般過去、一般將來、過去將來時,以及這四者的進行時、完成時和完成進行時
下面就英語中常見的八種基本時態進行闡述,其它的時態都是在這八種時態的基礎上結合而成的。
一、 一般現在時:
1.概念:經常、反復發生的動作或行為及現在的某種狀況。
2.時間狀語: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,
3.基本結構:動詞 原形 (如主語為第三人稱單數,動詞上要改為第三人稱單數形式)
4.否定形式:am/is/are+not;此時態的謂語動詞若為行為動詞,則在其前加don't,如主語為第三人稱單數,則用doesn't,同時還原行為動詞。
5.一般疑問句:把be動詞放於句首;用助動詞do提問,如主語為第三人稱單數,則用does,同時,還原行為動詞。
6.例句:. It seldom snows here.
He is always ready to help others.
Action speaks louder than words.
二、 一般過去時:
1.概念:過去某個時間里發生的動作或狀態;過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行為。
2.時間狀語:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3.基本結構:be動詞;行為動詞 的過去式
4.否定形式:was/were+not;在行為動詞前加didn't,同時還原行為動詞。
5.一般疑問句:was或were放於句首;用助動詞do的過去式did 提問,同時還原行為動詞。
6.例句:She often came to help us in those days.
I didn't know you were so busy.
三、 現在進行時:
1.概念:表示現階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。
2.時間狀語:now, at this time, these days, etc.
3.基本結構:am/is/are+doing
4.否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.
5.一般疑問句:把be動詞放於句首。
6.例句: How are you feeling today?
He is doing well in his lessons.
四、 過去進行時:
1.概念:表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發生或進行的行為或動作。
2.時間狀語:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。
3.基本結構:was/were+doing
4.否定形式:was/were + not + doing.
5.一般疑問句:把was或were放於句首。
6.例句:At that time she was working in a PLA unit.
When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.
五、 現在完成時:
1.概念:過去發生或已經完成的動作對現在造成的影響或結果,或從過去已經開始,持續到現在的動作或狀態。
2.時間狀語:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
3.基本結構:have/has + done
4.否定形式:have/has + not +done.
5.一般疑問句:have或has。
6.例句:I've written an article.
The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.
六、 過去完成時:
1.概念:以過去某個時間為標准,在此以前發生的動作或行為,或在過去某動作之前完成的行為,即「過去的過去」。
2.時間狀語:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
3.基本結構:had + done.
4.否定形式:had + not + done.
5.一般疑問句:had放於句首。
6.例句:As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books
七、 一般將來時:
1.概念:表示將要發生的動作或存在的狀態及打算、計劃或准備做某事。
2.時間狀語:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
3.基本結構:am/is/are/going to + do;will/shall + do.
4.否定形式:was/were + not; 在行為動詞前加didn't,同時還原行為動詞。
5.一般疑問句:be放於句首;will/shall提到句首。
6.例句:They are going to have a competition with us in studies.
It is going to rain.
八、 過去將來時:
1.概念:立足於過去某一時刻,從過去看將來,常用於賓語從句中。
2.時間狀語:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3.基本結構:was/were/going to + do;would/should + do.
4.否定形式:was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.
5.一般疑問句:was或were放於句首;would/should 提到句首。
6.例句:He said he would go to Beijing the next day.
I asked who was going there .
九.將來完成時:
1.概念:在將來某一時刻之前開始的動作或狀態
2.時間狀語:by the time of;by the end of+時間短語(將來);by the time+從句(將來)
3.基本結構:be going to/will/shall + have done
十.現在完成進行時:
1.概念:在過去某一時刻之前開始的動作或狀態一直持續到說話為止
2.基本結構:have/has +been+doing
幾種常見時態的相互轉換
英語中的幾種時態在一定情況下可以互相轉換,以下是幾種常見的轉換形式:
十一、 一般過去時與現在完成時的轉換
在現在完成時中,延續性動詞能與表示一段時間的狀語連用,瞬間動詞卻不能。但是,可用別的表達方式:①瞬間動詞用於「一段時間 + ago」的一般過去時的句型中;②瞬間動詞可改成與之相對應的延續性動詞及短語,與一段時間連用;③瞬間動詞用於「It is + 一段時間 + since + 一般過去時」的句型中,表示「自從……以來有……時間」的意思,主句一般用it is來代替It has been;④瞬間動詞用於「Some time has passed since + 一般過去時」的句型中。請看:
A. He joined the League two years ago.
B. He has been in the League for two years.
C. It is two years since he joined the League.
D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.
十二、 一般現在時與現在進行時的轉換
在一般現在時中,at加上名詞表示「處於某種狀態」,如at work(在工作), at school(上學、上課)等。此短語可與進行時態轉換。請看:
Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.
Peter is working, but Mike is playing.
十三、 現在進行時與一般將來時的轉換
在現在進行時態中go, come, leave, start, arrive等動詞常與表示將來的時間狀語連用表示將要發生的動作。如:I am coming, Mum! 意為「我就來,媽媽!」請看:
The train is leaving soon.
The train will leave soon.
十六種時態
一般現在時,一般過去時,一般將來時,一般過去將來時;
現在進行時,過去進行時,將來進行時,過去將來進行時;
現在完成時,過去完成時,將來完成時,過去將來完成時;
現在完成進行時,過去完成進行時,將來完成進行時,過去將來完成進行時.
另外 加am/is/are的是被動語態
被動語態(一般現在時)
主動語態變被動語態時,主動語態句中的賓語變成被動語態句中的主語,主動語態句中的主語成為被動語態句中的動作的發出者。
被動語態的口訣
一般現、過用be +過去分詞,be有人稱、時、數變。
完成時態have(has) done,被動將been加中間。
一般將來shall (will) do,被動變do為be done。
將來進行無被動,shall (will) be doing,
現在完成進行同,have (has) been doing。
現、過進行be doing, 被動be加being done。
情、助、有、是妥安排,一律隨新主語變。
否定助後加not,疑問一助置主前。
主語恰是疑問詞,直陳語序主在前。
一般情助加be done,雙賓多將間賓變。
復合賓語賓變主,賓補、主補相應變。
1.一般現在時 is\am\are+P.P(過去分詞)
2.一般過去時 was\were+P.P
3.一般將來時 will be+P.P
4.現在進行時 is\am\are+being(固定不變)+P.P
5.過去進行時 was\were+being(固定不變)+P.P
6.現在完成時 have\has been+P.P
7.過去完成時 had been+P.P
語法結構
1.if結構(非真實條件句——表示的是假設的或實際可能性不大的情況)
與..事實相反 If從句 主句
過去 Had done Would* have done
現在 Were/did Would* do
將來 Should do/were/were to do Would* do
例句:If there hadn』t been much rain in spring, we would have had a good harvest now. [過去]
If he smoked less, his cough might be well soon. [現在]
If the lecturer should be late, you would have to make a speech first. [將來]
備註:
(1)上表中』*』,would都可轉換為should、could、might。
(2) 如果為時間錯綜句的話,左右兩欄可互相搭配,排列組合。
例句:
He would still be alive today if he hadn』t taken that drug.
[與現在事實相反] [與過去事實相反]
(3) if可轉換為其他形式
例句:Without your advice, our meeting wouldn』t have been so successfully. [過去]
(=>可轉換為:If there hadn』t been your advice, we …)
Your notes are almost illegible (難以辨認的). Notes typed out would be a lot easier to read. [將來]
(=> 可轉換為:If the notes had been typed out, it would be a lot easier to read.)
I should have gone to see Dr. Smith and he might have cured me of the disease.[過去]
(=> 可轉換為:If he have gone to see Dr. Smith, he ..)
2、wish結構
與..事實相反
過去 Had done
現在 Were/did
將來 Would
備註:可轉換為其他形式。
例句:He talks as if (好像) he had done all the work himself. [過去]
I wish I were a bird.
I wish he handn' done that.
I wish I would be rich in the future.
3、should結構
從句中用「should + 動詞原形」構成。而且should可以省去。用於此結構的動詞有:advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest,intend等。
例句:The teacher suggest he (should) read English aloud.
注意:當insist表示「堅持認為」、suggest表示「表明,顯示」時,不用虛擬語氣。
例句:The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied with what I had done for him.
He insisted that he was honest.
4、would rather +從句
在這種結構中,從句的謂語動詞用過去形式表示虛擬。
例句:I would rather you did this instead of me.
5、主語從句中的虛擬語氣
1)It be + 形容詞 + that ...(should)...
用於該句型的形容詞是:necessary, good, important, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny,
strange, surprising .
一些名詞也可以用於 在該結構中。如:a pity, no wonder....
2)It be + 過去分詞 + that ...(should)....
用於該結構中的過去分詞是表示「建議、請求、命令」等詞的過去分詞。如:desired, suggested, requested,
ordered, proposed等。
3)It is time(about time, high time)that ...(過去式動詞形式或should+動詞原形)....
It is high time I went home now. = It is high time I should go home now.
6、表語從句、同位語從句中的虛擬語氣
在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, advice, decision等需要有內涵的名詞後面的表語從句、同
位語從句中,要使用虛擬語氣。其謂語動詞應用:should+原形動詞。另外連接從句的that不能省
略。
例:My suggestion is that we should go there at once.
What do you think of his proposal that we should put on a play at the English evening?
第二句"be有人稱、時、數變"即be有人稱、時態和單、復數的變化。"情助"是指情態動詞和助動詞must,may,can,shall,will等一律隨新主語(多是主動句中的賓語)來變化。"疑問一助置主前"是說有兩個助動詞的話,應把主語放在第一助動詞之後或把第一助動詞置於主語之前。下面詳細舉例說明之。
一般現、過用be done, be有人稱、時、數變
例:1、主動:The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome.
被動:The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children.
孩子們熱烈地歡迎外賓。
2、主動:People regard him as brilliant.
被動:He is regarded as brilliant by people.
人們認為他很有才華。
以上兩例都是一般時態用be done的例子,be有人稱、時、數變,第三人稱foreign friends是復數,時態一般過去時,所以"be done"就是were given,而People regard him as brilliant一句,被動後的"be done"就變成單數第三人稱is regarded的形式了。
被動:
This speech was delivered by comrade Wang. (was delivered即一般過去時的被動態)
這篇講演是王的發言。
There was a serious train accident near the border. Two people were killed and twelve were injured.
邊境發生非常嚴重列車事故,兩人死亡,十二人受傷。
A person who is truly honest is called a straight arrow. 直言不諱的人才是真正誠實的人。
A note was passed up to the speaker. 有人給講演者遞上來一張紙條。
John was elected president of the class instead of Harry. 喬治被選為班長而代替了亨利。
Volcanoes are described as active, dormant or extinct. 火山被描述為活的,沉睡著的,或者死的。
The soldier was killed, but the train was saved. 這位戰士犧牲了,然而列車得救了。
He was thought to be clever but dishonest. 他被認為很聰明但不誠實。(別人認為他很聰明但不誠實)
The first zoological garden in the United States was established in 1874. 美國的第一個動物園是1874年建立的。
Families were often broken up; wives were taken away from their husbands and children from their parents.
家庭被拆散,妻兒被奪走。
The information is urgently needed. 急需這個資料。
Most environmental problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them were not taken in the past. 多數環境污染問題的存在,是因為過去沒有採取適當的保護措施。
完成時態have done,被動將been加中間。
(過去完成時had done也包括在內)。
例:1、主動:We have studied English for 3 years off and on at the spare-time school.
被動:English has been studied for 3 years by us off and on at the spare-time school. (have隨新主語變為has)
我們已經在夜校里斷斷續續地學了三年英語了。
2、主動: They had proced 100 tractors by the end of last year.
被動: 100 tractors had been proced by the end of last year.
到去年年底我們已生產出一百台拖拉機。
3、主動:They have set up a power station in their home town.
被動:A power station has been set up in their home town.
他們的家鄉建立了一座發電站。
4、主動:They have warned us to be careful of rats.
被動:We have been warned to be careful of rats.
他們已提醒我們要注意老鼠。
5、主動:People have piled plastic bags full of rubbish in streets.
被動: Plastic bags full of rubbish have been piled in streets.
人們把裝滿垃圾的塑料袋子堆放在街上。
6、主動:We have used nuclear energy to proce electricity.
被動:Nuclear energy has been used to proce electricity.
核能已用來發電。
7、主動:No one has ever beaten him at tennis.
被動:He has never been beaten at tennis.
就網球來說還沒有人是他的對手。
(No one涉及到全否定和部分否定問題,見否定一講)
The person who owns the gun may try to deny that he has used it. But anyone seeing the smoke knows the gun has just been fired.
有槍的人會極力否認他開了槍。但是任何看到槍煙(槍冒的煙)的人都會知道剛才開了槍。
Today is Cilia's wedding day, she has just been married to Bob
今天是西麗亞的新婚日,她剛剛和鮑勃結婚。
The subjects of these lectures have been announced by the lecture committee.
演講委員會已宣布了這些講演的題目。
過去完成時也是一樣:
主動: Somebody had cleaned my shoes.
被動: My shoes had been cleaned by somebody.
有人早已把我的鞋子擦了。
When I returned I found that they had towed (toud) my car away, I asked why they had done this and they told me that id was because I had parked it under a "No Parking Sign".
被動:my car had been towed away. I asked why this had been done and told that ... it had been parked under a "No Parking Sign".
當我回來時,發現我的車被弄走了。我問他們為啥這么於。他們告訴我說因為我把車於停在"禁止停車"的禁區。
主動:They had build three ships by last December.
被動: By last December three ships had been built by them.
到去年年底他們已建造了三艘船。
Research had been centred on the improvement of natural building materials before synthetics were created.
合成材料造出之前,研究工作集中在改進天然建築材料上。
He did not say if all those steel pipes had been examined.
他並沒有說那些鋼管都檢驗過沒有。
After plastic had been created, engineers were given a much wide choice of materials.
塑料發明之後,工程師們在材料選擇上有了更廣闊的途徑。
一般將來shall (will) do,被動變do為be done
即由shall do或will do變為shall done或will be done。
例:主動: We shall build several big modern power plants in our city next year.
被動:Several big modern power plants will be built in our city next year.
過年我市將建立幾座大型現代化的發電廠。
(shall do中的shall要隨新主語變為will, do為be done.)
主動:I shall send my second boy to school next September.
被動:My second boy will be sent to school next September.
過年九月我將送我次子去讀書。
主動:In order to fool people cheaps and swindlers will make such bricks out of lead covering the "lead brick" with gold.
被動:Such bricks will be made out of lead covering the "lead brick" with gold by cheaps and swindlers.
"鉛磚"外面被設法騙錢的商人和騙子們鍍上一層金來做這樣的"金磚"。
主動:They will ask you a lot of strange questions.
被動: You will be asked a lot of strange questions.
他們將問你許多怪題。
被動句中的by引出的賓語,一般說來,如果是人稱代詞你、我、他等,均可省略,someone no one不由by來引出。如果是名詞不能省略,但當今英語也都可省略了。
我決沒想到他那麼早就會把資料帶給我。
將來進行無被動,shall (will) be doing,
現在完成進行同.have (has) been doing,
即將來進行時表示動作在將來某一時刻或某個階段正在進行'現在完成進行時表示某-行為發生在過去.延續到現在,可能還要延續下去。兩種時態則不用被動語態。
(現在完成進行時)以上均無被動態。
現、過進行be doing,被動be加being done
即現在進行時或過去進行時都是be的人稱、時和數的形式加doing。而被動態則是be加上being done的形式,being是不變的。現在進行時和過去進行時的被動態是被動態個的重點,容易搞錯。情、助、有、是妥安排,一律隨新主語變。
帶情態動詞和助動詞等的被動態如何處理比較復雜。要隨新的主語來變化,這些詞如can, could;will, would; shall, should; may, might; must; ought to; need需要;have to不得不;be going to; to be to; used to; seem to; happen to等。例如:
may加不定式的完成體或完成進行體表示"可能",主要用於肯定句,決不能用在疑問句中。而 can與不定式的完成體或完成進行體連用表示"可能",只用於否定句和疑問句,不用於肯定句。但如果can或may的過去式即could與might與不定式完成體或完成進行體搭配時,可用於各種結構。肯,否,陳,疑均可。
It can't have been lost in the post, can it?
它不可能在郵局丟失的吧:(反意疑問句)
not必須放在第一助動詞has之後,第-助動詞has必須放在主語anything之前。決不可寫成: why has fot been anything done to end the strike?或why has been not anything done to end the strike?
我們將不在課堂上作練習。
In what other way could(一助) information about Mars be(二助) abtained?
用什麼別的途徑能獲得火星的資料呢?
Why had he been imprisoned?
他為何入獄的?
Need she be told about it?
需要告訴他嗎?
主動:No one has ever equalled your record.
被動:Your record has never been equalled.
沒人刷新你的記錄。
主語恰是疑問詞,直陳語序主在前
凡主語恰好是一個疑問詞或由疑問詞來修飾主語時,後面要用陳述語序。
例: What(主語) could be dropped from a satellite?
衛星上扔下何物?
What measures(主語) are being taken to develop this new science? (主語為疑問詞what所修飾)
正在採取什麼措施來發展這門新科學?
What kind of device(主語) is needed to make the control system simple? (主語為疑問詞所修飾)
需要什麼裝置來使控制系統簡化?
what has been done to improve the techniques?
採取了什麼措施來改進這些技術的? (what恰是句子的主語)
應指出的是有的學生把We study diligently和She could see herself clearly in the mirror.都硬行變成被動了, 殊不知不及物動詞通常是沒有被動態的。關於不及物動詞.反身代詞動詞,同源賓語動詞.系詞.感官使役動詞,短語動詞的被動態。
主動句變為被動句所遵循的4個步驟:
1.把原主動句中的賓語變為被動句的主語
2.把動詞變為被動形式即be +過去分詞,並注意其人稱和數隨主語的變化,而動詞的時態則保持不變。
3.原主動句的主語如需要則放在by後面以它 的賓格形式出現(注代詞的賓格),如不需要則可省略。
4.其它的成分(定語、狀語)不變。
Ⅷ 初中英語八大時態
初中英語中的八個基本時態,即:一般現在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、過去將回來時、現在進答行時、過去進行時、現在完成時、過去完成時。
時態是一種動詞形式,表示經常、反復發生的動作或行為,不同的時態用以表示不同的時間與方式。在語法里,時或時態表示行為發生的時間和說話時的關系。一般分為過去式、現在式、將來式,通常也有與表示動作進行或終止的進行式和完成式等體貌一起相連用的情況。
(8)初中英語時態怎麼講擴展閱讀
一般過去時與現在完成時的轉換:
在現在完成時中,延續性動詞能與表示一段時間的狀語連用,瞬間動詞卻不能。但是,可用別的表達方式:①瞬間動詞用於「一段時間 + ago」的一般過去時的句型中;②瞬間動詞可改成與之相對應的延續性動詞及短語,與一段時間連用。
一般現在時與現在進行時的轉換
在一般現在時中,at加上名詞表示「處於某種狀態」,如at work(在工作),at school(上學、上課)等。此短語可與進行時態轉換。
現在進行時與一般將來時的轉換
在現在進行時態中go,come,leave,start,arrive等動詞常與表示將來的時間狀語連用表示將要發生的動作。
Ⅸ 初中英語語法之各種時態的用法
時態是一種動詞形式,不同的時態用以表示不同的時間與方式。它是表示行為、動作、狀態在各種時間條件下的動詞形式,下面我給大家分享英語時態的用法,供參考!
初中英語各種時態用法及舉例
(一)一般現在時:表示經常、反復發生的動作或行為
We study hard at school every day.我們每天在學校努力學習
The earth moves around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉
(二)一般過去時:表示在過去某個時候發生的動作或存在的狀態,也表示在過去某段時間里經常發生的習慣性動作
What did you do ring the last summer vocation? 你去年暑假做了什麼?
Bob saw a movie before。鮑勃已經看過電影了。
(三)一般將來時:表示將要發生的動作或存在的狀態及打算、計劃或准備做某事
We are going to Shanghai next Monday.下周一我們去上海
I will go to the movies. 我要去看電影
(四)現在進行時:表示在說話時或現階段正在發生的動作或存在的狀態
They are playing basketball now. 他們正在打籃球
She is preparing her lessons now. 她現在正在預習功課.
(五)過去進行時:示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發生或進行的行為或動作
I was playing Basketball this time yesterday.昨天這個時候我正在打籃球
What was she doing when you came in? 你進來的時候她在做什麼
(六)將來進行時:將來某一時間正在進行的動作
I'll be taking a shower at 9 the day after tomorrow.後天6點我將正洗淋浴.
I'll be doing homework this time tomorrow.明天的這個時候我正在做作業.
(七)現在完成時 :表示在說話時結束的某一動作或狀態
I have just turned off the light. 我剛剛把燈關上.
e has done a lot of work. 他幹了許多工作。
(八)過去完成時:以過去某個時間為標准,在此以前發生的動作或行為,或在過去某動作之前完成的行為,即「過去的過去」
I had been to America. 我曾去過美國。
She found the key that she had lost.她丟失的鑰匙找到了.
(九)將來完成時:在將來某一時間之前完成的動作,往往對將來某一時間產生影響。
They will have come back this time next year.明年這個時候他們就會回來
I'll have finished my homework by lunchtime.午飯前我會寫完作業
(十)現在完成進行時:表示從過去某一時間開始一直延續到的動作。這一動作可能剛剛開始,也可能仍在繼續,並可能延續到將來
She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.她在考試前一直患重感冒.
How long have you been reading this book?這本書你讀了多久了?