园林介绍英语怎么说
Ⅰ 求关于苏州园林的英文介绍
SuZhou classical Gardens
The Lingering Garden was listed from the first as cultural relics of national importance in 1961. With an area of 23,310 sq.m.it is celebrated for its artistic way of dealing with the spaces between various kinds of architectural form.Buildings make up one third of the total area of the garden,the hall of which being the most remarkable in Suzhou. The garden is separated into the middle ,eastern,northern and western parts. The ancestral temple and the house lie to the south of the garden.
Featuring man-made mountain and lake scenery in the west and garden courts in the east,the middle part of the garden is the original site of the Xu's East Garden and the Liu's Hanbi Villa,and is regarded as the best part of the whole garden. The eastern,northern and western parts are the extensions of the Sheng's Garden. The eastern part is noted for its strangely shaped limestones,the northern part idyllic scenes,and the western part the delights of woody hills.
A winding roofed walkway behind the small entrance of the garden,while leading to the places of quietude,shows the masterly use of contrast between big and small,straight and zigzag,and light and shade. After strolling for about 50 meters,one can catch a glimpse of lattice-windows revealing a half visible landscape garden behind. Interestingly enough,the view is changing at every step.
The middle part of the garden is centered upon a lake with man-made moutain in the north-west and a numger of attractive buildings in the southwest ,such as the Hanbi Moutain Villa ,the Pellucid Tower,the Green Shade Pavilion,the Zigzag Stream Tower,the Hao Pu Pavilion,and the Refreshing Breeze Pavilion by the lake.The mountains made mainly of yellowstones and earth,believed to be desigtned and piled up by Zhou Binzhong,look very much archaic and splendiferous.The admirable Crane House, the Small Garden of Stone Forest, the Return-to-Read Study in the east with the Celestial Hall of Five Peaks as the chief stucture are laid out in such a way that the indoor spaces have been brought into perfect harmony with the outdoor spaces. With an evocation of infinity,they are successfully made to be labyrinthine.
Flanked by the Auspicious Cloud and Mountainous Cloud peaks,the 6.5-meter-high Cloud-Capped Peak, the highest limestone in the classical gardens of Suzhou, is believed to be left behind by the imperial collector of the Northern Song Dynasty,Mass of buildings, including the Old Hermit Scholars' House, the Cloud-Capped Tower,the Cloud-Capped Terrace and the Awaiting Cloud Temple,are put up to give emphasis to the Cloud-Capped Tower,
The northern part is now a bonsai garden in which about 500 valuable bonsai are put on display.
The western part of the garden sets a fine example of good-looking earthen hills studded with yellowstones and covered with maple trees.There is a winding brook lined with peach trees and weeping willows.
The number of stelae in the Lingering Garden has never been surpassed by any other gardens in Suzhou.Superbly inscribed with the works of more than a hundred calligraphers in the Jin,Tang,Song,Yuan,Ming ,and Qing Dynasties, these invaluable stelae bring to light the evolutionary course of Chinese calligraphy in the past 1,000 years.
The whole garden possesses with pride 42 rooms and halls , a 670-meter-long roofed walkway,200 lattice-windows of different kinds, 44 parallel couplets and stone carvings , 373 stelae,and 17 such valuable old trees as gingkoes,southern wistaria,etc. which fall into 8 catalogues.
Ⅱ 求一份中国园林的历史的英文介绍，最好有翻译。不要太长。。。
中国园林建筑艺术是我国灿烂的古代文化的组成部分。它是我国古代劳动人民智慧和创造力的结晶，也是我国古代哲学思想、宗教信仰、文化艺术等综合反映，在历史上却长期为统治阶级和达官贵人所占有享用。但是，在经历了漫长的历程之后今天已经被我们所继承和发展，而为我国广大人民所享用了。
为了能简要地说明中国园林的发展历史，现根据历史文献和现存古代园林遗址的考察，循其明显的规迹，大致可以分成三个时期来概述之。
(一)先秦及秦汉时期。此时期或可称为“白然时期”，是从“固”到“苑”的发展时期，约相当于距今三四千年的我国社会历史发展的殷商西周时代。旱在原始时代，当人类进人奴隶制社会，先民主要的生产活动是狩猎劝!渔猎，后来慢慢进化到种植定居，驯养了一些野生动物，比如猪、犬、羊等，种植了一些植物，比如禾、麦、稻、获等。这样就出现了圈养、圈种的有一定范围的地方，在甲骨文、糟文、金文中出现了“因、眺(囿)”“鉴、翻(圃)，，等字，随着生产力的进一步提高，有了从事农事、畜牧、手工业制作以及各种杂务劳动的专业奴隶阶层，在解决了生活的劳务后，奴隶主和帝王们就有了足够的时间来进行各种游乐戏嬉，其中包括“狩猎”活动。而那些被选择为狩猎地区的地方，一定是那些禽兽比较集中，山丘或林茂之地，水草丛生之处，这就是成为种植与株、圈养动物的“囿”。根据史料记载，从殷周到秦汉时期这种“囿”的存在和发展，大体具有三个特点:
1.:片地宽广。一般方圆都在几十里、上百里左右，如春秋楚庄王“筑层台……延壤百里，’;
2.工程浩大。囿的周围有界垣，囿内有台屋构筑。
3.人工设施增加。山于狩猎地距离统治中心地较远，不免要
在“囿”内建寝殿屋宇。
这种最早期的“囿”到汉代有了新的发展，它不仅仅是一种自然山林的原始状态的存在，而是日趋专门化了。帝王们在这里建“宫”设“馆”，除了为游猎所需要，增添了寝宫殿宇生活设施，还配置了观赏植物、人工山水等景色，初步具有了“园林”性质，从汉代起它的名称也从古代的“囿”改称“苑”或“苑圈”了。著名的汉武帝的“上林苑”中，有“建章宫”，有“太液池”，周围数百里，盖起宫殿数十个，设置了“射熊馆”、“鹿观”、“虎圈观”等各种动物的圈观，并种植了各地送来的异树花木，如“核桃，，“紫纹桃”等等。不过此时尚处于中国园林发展初期，对于苑囿的布局布置，并无一定规划，仍较多地带有古“囿”的持猎趣味。建筑和山水的安排，也并不融洽有序，奇树异花的种植，只是猎奇罗列，虽然它有了某些园林的性质，开启了日后造园的新生面。总的说，仍是处于自然发展的时期。
(二)唐宋时期。它是我国古典园林的形成时期。由汉代开端的中国园林发展进程，经过东汉、三国、魏晋南北朝到隋代统一中国的过渡，至唐代出现了一个兴盛的局面。由于疆域的扩大、经济的发达、民族的融合，促进了文化艺术的发展，达到了一个空前繁荣时期，和别的文化发展一样，园林发展中出现了两个显著的特点，一是在苑囿的营建中注意了游乐和赏景的作用，如在殿宇建筑外，已注意到迭石造山，凿池引泉。布局关系也趋于融洽，使之形成优美的环境，发挥了休憩、游赏，甚至宴乐之功能，一是绘画技术的发展与造园艺术的发展的互相促进，如南朝梁·张僧怒擅长画山水，能“咫尺之间便觉万里之遥”，画家所提炼的构图、排列、层次和色彩，极大地丰宫了造园技巧，而且有的画家，自己就是一个杰出的造园专家，如诗人王维设计营建的“辆川园”。
中国园林形成时期最突出的成就是造园和文学、绘画的结合，大家所熟知的宋徽宗营建的“良岳”，也就是《水浒传》里“花石纲”的来历。这个御花园，山水美秀、林木畅茂，迭石树峰，又有宫殿亭阁，高低错落，迭山凿池，别出胜景，可称为唐宋时期中国古典园林的代表作，可惜已经在战火中夷为平地，在地面上永远地消失了。
(三)明清时期。中国古典园林的全盛时一期。北宋为辽金取代后，辽、金、元三代后先相继，在燕京一带兴修皇家园林。金代从开封拆运至中都大量的良岳花石，元代在建筑艺术中促进了国内各民族和东西方文化的交流，使我国各民族丰富奇特的建筑形式 更添异彩。(如至今还能见到的十三世纪出于尼泊尔艺术家阿尼哥之手的北京妙应寺白塔等)。明代及清代初期，在中国园林发展史上是个辉煌的时期，达到了它的全盛时期。这有我们今天仍能亲眼目睹的很多实物实景所证明。这个全盛时期的园林，与过去时代所不同的，育三个方面的特点:(1)功能全，(2)形式多，(3)艺术化。兹为分述如卜:
(1)功能全:在各个历史时期的园休发展，卜，都有新增加的内容，至明济后大备，诸如听政、受贺、宴会、观戏、居住、园游、读书、礼佛、观赏、狩猎、种花等等，应有尽有，甚至为满足统治者的“雅兴”，还建有商业市街之景，如近年恢复的颐和园苏州街，以及圆明园原来的买卖街.包罗了帝王生括的全部活动，功能的多样花，自然扩大了园林的建筑营造规模，此其一。
(2)形式多。这里指的是作为园林重要组成部分的建筑而言，无论其为建筑群落组合，抑或单体建筑形色，其形式也是多种多样的。它既吸收了各地区的地方特点和各民族的民族风格，既有殿堂楼阁，又有幽尼佛寺;既有粉墙石垣，又有竹篱泥笆，灵活而多变，随处而点缀，这在‘红楼梦》中大观园也有非常生动的反映。在园林布局及布置方l厄则吸收r南北园林艺术的精华，因地制宜地加以汇聚，比如圆明三园的诸多景色中就再现了国内苏杭扬州等地著名园林的特点，谓之“移天缩地”亦不为过。
(3)艺术化。明济园林中占卞导地位的是园林建筑的高度艺术化，其景物、其凤格、其布局，移步借景，动静相兼等艺术美学理论的运川，已臻成热，各种建筑形式的风景景观的结合融为体，自水木石的精心安才i沁建筑植物的众从位粉，都起到了立体形象l，甚至在附属设施的样式、内部装修和环境色彩等方面也都得到统一的和谐的没计，体现了中国造园思想的高超境界。
试问，明清时期的中国园林建筑，共造园思想何以能达到如此发达的艺术水平，我认为有两个重要的标志。
第一，造园艺术理论有了划时代的总结性成果，即明代崇祯时江苏吴江人计成《园冶》一书的问世。过去，关于园林的设计(或叫“经营，，)原则、艺术技巧和实际建造经验，还只能在诗词、游记等文学作品中有片断描述，没有形成理论规律。但是《园冶》却是一部有关园林建筑的系统性的总结性的专门著作。全书共三卷，一卷为造园总论(’兴造论》、《“园说、)、选地(《相地》)、立基和各种单体建筑(屋宇堂轩)的形象范例，二卷讲各式栏杆及其式样;三卷讲「1窗、墙垣、铺地、造山、迭石、借景等，全书计三万多字，并有插图二百余幅。它反映了当时的园林面貌和造园艺术水平，而且一直对中国造园有指导意义，甚至可以说曹雪芹在《红楼梦》中创造的大观园也是根据这些理论来构建的。
第二，大批造园艺术家的诞生，如清代戏曲家李渔(笠翁)，在南北都有自己设计建造的住宅园林，以北京的芥子园最有名。杰出的造园家张南垣父子，更是园林史上的大家，不仅在苏扬等南方园林中有他们的遗构，北京北海公园取，就有他们的遗作可供欣赏。以他们的生存年代推算，我们有理由认为《红楼梦》中营建大观园的造园设计师“山子野”的原型，应该就是张氏父子了。
Ⅲ 求一篇关于园林的英文简介
The Temple of Heaven is a worthwhile visiting place in Beijing. It is much bigger than the Forbidden City and smaller than the Summer Palace with an area of about 2,700,000 square meters. The Temple was built in 1420 A.D. ring the Ming Dynasty to offer sacrifice to Heaven. As Chinese emperors called themselves 'The Son of Heaven' ,they dared not to build their own dwelling,'Forbidden City' bigger than a dwelling for Heaven.
The Temple of Heaven is enclosed with a long wall. The northern part within the wall is semicircular symbolizing the heavens and the southern part is square symbolizing the earth. The northern part is higher than the southern part. This design shows that the heaven is high and the earth is low and the design reflected an ancient Chinese thought of 'The heaven is round and the earth is square'.
The Temple is divided by two enclosed walls into inner part and outer part. The main buildings of the Temple lie at the south and north ends of the middle axis line of the inner part. The most magnificent buildings are The Circular Mound Altar (Yuanqiutan), Imperial Vault of Heaven (Huangqiongyu) and Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest (Qiniandian) from south to north. Also, there are some additional buildings like Three Echo Stones and Echo Wall.Almost all of the buildings are connected by a wide bridge called Vermilion Steps Bridge (Danbiqiao) or called Sacred Way.
The Circular Altar has three layered terraces with white marble. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties (1368 A.D. - 1911 A.D.), the emperors would offer sacrifice to Heaven on the day of the Winter Solstice every year. This ceremony was to thank Heaven and hope everything would be good in the future. The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest is a big palace with round roof and three layers of eaves. Inside the Hall are 28 huge posts. The four posts along the inner circle represent four seasons-spring, summer, autumn and winter; the 12 posts along the middle circle represent the 12 months; and 12 posts along the outer circle represent 12 Shichen (Shichen is a means of counting time in ancient China. One Shichen in the past equaled two hours and a whole day was divided into 12 Shichens). The roof is covered with black, yellow and green colored glaze representing the heavens, the earth and everything on earth. The Hall has a base named Altar for Grain Prayers which is made of three layers of white marble and has a height of six meters. Another important building in Temple of Heaven is Imperial Vault of Heaven. If you look at it from far away, you will find that the Vault is like a blue umbrella with gold head. The structure of it is like that of Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest, but smaller in size. The structure was made of bricks and timber. The Vault was used to place memorial tablets of Gods. White marble railings surround the vault.
The Vermilion Steps Bridge connects the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest and the Imperial Vault of Heaven. The south end of the Bridge is lower than its north end. The emperors in the past believed that they could go to heaven through this Bridge, which is why this bridge is also called Sacred Way. A Yu Route and a Wang Route are on two sides of the Sacred Way. The former one is only for the emperors to walk on and the later one is for the princes and the high officials to pass.
Three Echo Stones is outside of the gate of the Imperial Vault of Heaven. If you speak facing the Vault while standing on the first stone, you will hear one echo; standing on the second and then the third stone, you will hear two and three echoes respectively.
Another interesting and famous place for you to visit is called Echo Wall owning special feature. The wall encloses the Imperial Vault of Heaven. Its perimeter is 193 meters.
If you and your friend stand at the east and the west roots of the wall respectively and you whisper a word, then your friend will hear clearly what you say. Isn't it interesting? The phenomenon utilizes the theory of sound wave.
Besides carefully designed buildings, there are also some other scenes that you can enjoy like Nine-Dragon Cypress. It got its name from branches which look like nine dragons wind with each other. It was said that the cypress was planted more than 500 years ago. Really, a grandfather tree!
Admission Fee: CNY 30 (Nov. 1 to Mar. 31)
CNY 35 (Apr. 1 to Oct. 31)
Opening Hours: 07:00-19:30 (winter), 05:00-21:30 (summer)
Recommended
Time for a Visit: One and a half hour
Bus Route: 34,6,35
Ⅳ 苏州园林简介 英文
去www.2500sz.com 上看看
Ⅳ 求【中国园林的英文介绍】
介绍:For centuries, Chinese gardens have displayed a delicate balance between the forces of nature and man’s creations. These luxurious gardens provide a spiritual haven from worldly worries.
5个要素与运用
A delicate balance of five key elements will make up the USNA’s Classical Chinese Garden, creating a setting where visitors can learn, relax and enjoy.
1.Water is considered to be the central component of a Chinese garden. It serves as a balance for the other elements in the garden. The best sites in Chinese gardens are on the edges of lakes with views of the mountains.
2.Chinese scholars used rocks as art on their desks. Garden rocks that are often large and porous are considered to be among the most valuable in a Chinese garden. These ageless objects symbolize the dwellings of Taoist immortals.
3.Certain plants were favored for Chinese gardens because of their association with overcoming the limitations of ordinary life. The pine, cypress, plum and bamboo are favorites because of their ability to grow in harsh weather conditions and rough terrain.
4.The arrangement of buildings divides a Chinese garden into smaller sections that contain one or more scenic views. The buildings in a garden are designed to accent the garden with windows and doorways that frame scenic views in their courtyards and beyond.
5.A garden design is considered to be an art form in China. Other Chinese art includes: calligraphy, painting, poetry, dance, flower arranging and viewing stones.
Ⅵ 中国园林的英语介绍
口试就自己临时发挥啊，写出来就是书面的感觉，比平时说话文一些。一听就是假的。
Ⅶ 介绍苏州园林的英语作文加中文翻译(100字)
苏州是一个古老，文明，美丽的城市和苏州园林是良好的世界知名的。
Suzhou is an ancient, civilized and beautiful city and the Suzhou.
狮子林
《Lion Grove Garden 》is located on 23 Yuanlin Road, in the northeast of Suzhou-a city with profound cultural background and convenient developmental advantages. Lion Grove Garden is one of the four most famous and representative gardens of ancient classical style in Suzhou City！
留园 《Lingering Garden 》Covering an area of 23,310 square meters, the Lingering Garden is the best garden in Suzhou as well as being one of the four most famous gardens in China. (The others are: the Summer Palace in Beijing, the Mountain Resort of Chengde, and the Humble Administrator's Garden in Suzhou). It is renowned for the artistic way in which the spaces between various kinds of architectural forms are dealt with.
拙政园《Humble Administrator's Garden》 China's gardens generally can be divided into two kinds: the royal garden, represent by Summer Palace in Beijing and Mountain Resort of Chengde, and the private garden, represent by private gardens in Suzhou.
沧浪亭〈Canglang Pavilion 〉Canglang Pavilion, located south of Suzhou city, is the oldest garden among the existing classical gardens of Suzhou. It is also one of the four most famous gardens in the city - the others being: "Lion Grove", "Humble Administrator's Garden" and "Garden for Lingering In." The area used to be the private garden of a Prince of the Five Dynasties (907-960). During the Northern Song Dynasty, the scholar Su Zimei built a pavilion in this garden and named it Canglang Pavilion. The garden has been rebuilt many times but most of the present garden buildings, simple and plain, date from the Qing Dynasty.
Ⅷ 用英语介绍花园
European Garden brings to you highest quality, European-designed procts to enjoy in your home and around your garden. After 20 years of importing the fine gardening tools, planters and outdoor accessories, our wholesale distribution company has opened European Garden to allow customers to buy direct.
The Chinese (Scholar's) Garden is a place for solitary or social contemplation of nature. To be considered authentic, a garden must be built and planned around seventeen essential elements: 1) proximity to the home; 2) small; 3) walled; 4) small indivial sections; 5) asymmetrical; 6) various types of spatial connections; 7) architecture; 8) rocks; 9) water; 10) trees; 11) plants; 12) sculpture; 13) jie jing (borrowed scenery); 14) chimes; 15) incense burners; 16) inscriptions; 17) use of feng shui for choosing site.[1]
Chinese gardens were created in the same way as a combination of landscape and paintings together with poems - this was the so-called "poetic garden." The design of Chinese gardens was to provide a spiritual utopia for one to connect with nature, to come back to one's inner heart, to come back to ancient idealism. Chinese gardens are a spiritual shelter for men, a place they could be far away from their real social lives, and close to the ancient way of life, their true selves, and nature. This was an escape from the frustration and disappointment of the political problems in China. They used plants as symbols. Bamboo was used in every traditional Chinese garden. This is because bamboo represents a strong but resilient character. Often pine is used to represent longevity, persistence, tenacity and dignity. The lotus is used to symbolize purity. The flowering plum is one of the most important aspects of a Chinese garden, as it represents renewal and strength of will. Flowering peaches are grown for spring color, and sweet olive as well. The chrysanthemum is use to symbolize splendor, luster and "the courage to make sacrifices for a natural life". Peonies symbolize wealth and banana trees are used simply for the sound they make in the breeze.
Ⅸ 园林,用英语怎样说
garden
或是park
Ⅹ 用英语介绍苏州园林
苏州古典园林的历史可上溯至公元前6世纪春秋时吴王的园囿，私家园林最早见于记载的是东晋(4世纪)的辟疆园,历代造园兴盛，名园日多.明清时期,苏州成为中国最繁华的地区，私家园林遍布古城内外.16--18世纪全盛时期,苏州有园林200余处，现在保存尚好的有数十处,并因此使苏州素有"人间天堂"的美誉。Classical gardens of Suzhou can be traced back to the 6th century BC when the king's garden of spring, first seen in private gardens is recorded in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (4th century) the Pijiang Park, ancient garden flourished, many famous gardens on the Ming and Qing period, Suzhou, China's most prosperous areas, private gardens throughout the city inside and outside the .16 - 18th century heyday, Suzhou gardens are more than 200, and now there are dozens of preservation is still good and, therefore, Suzhou, known as "paradise" in the world.苏州古典园林宅园合一，可赏，可游，可居，这种建筑形态的形成，是在人口密集和缺乏自然风光的城市中，人类依恋自然，追求与自然和谐相处，美化和完善自身居住环境的一种创造。Classical Gardens of Suzhou gardens one can enjoy, can travel, and livable, the formation of this architectural form, in densely populated cities and the lack of natural scenery, human attachment to nature, the pursuit of harmony with nature, beautify and improve their own create a living environment.