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中国戏曲种类介绍英语怎么说

发布时间: 2021-02-19 22:52:21

❶ 关于中国传统乐器的分类简介 请您帮忙用英语翻译一下

CHINESE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
There are many deep traditions of the bowed, plucked, wind, and percussion instrument families, and many in these families of instruments are listed here below. These instruments are used for traditional music, classical music, folk music, and modern music and compositions (there are also many other older instruments used by the many Minority groups in China). (NOTE - all of the tunings listed in the bowed and plucked instruments are from the lowest pitched strings to the highest - and the word "qin" 琴 means "instrument"):

Bowed Instruments:
1.Erhu 二胡 - the Chinese two string violin with metal strings, tuned a fifth interval apart, to D and A, or sometimes to C and G. "Huqin" is the name for this family of Chinese bowed instruments; and "qin" is the general name for an instrument. It is called nanju (or the nanhu 南胡 ) by Cantonese and Taiwan people..
2.Jinghu 京胡 - the Beijing Opera two string violin pitched one octave above the erhu. The soundbox is made of bamboo and the strings are usually metal; traditionally the strings were silk, and silk strings are occasionally still used. The strings are tuned a fifth interval apart.
3.Gaohu 高胡 - the soprano version of the two string erhu, tuned a fourth interval higher than the erhu, with metal strings tuned a fifth interval apart.
4.Zhonghu 中胡 - the deeper "viola" version of the two string erhu, with metal strings tuned in fifth intervals; and tuned a fourth or a fifth lower than the erhu.
5.Gehu 革胡 - the deeper "cello" version of the two string erhu, with metal strings tuned a fifth interval apart. Bei gehu 倍革胡 is the big deeper "bass" with four metal strings tuned in fifth intervals.
6.Sihu 四胡 - an erhu type instrument with four silk strings tuned in fifth and fourth intervals, to C-G-C-G, or D-A-D-A. It sounds much like the human voice, and it has a bow which has two simultaneous bowing parts.
7.Dalei 大擂 - an erhu type instrument with the soundbox made of copper, tuned lower than the erhu, also sounding much like the human voice, with two metal strings tuned a fifth interval apart; traditionally they were tuned a fourth interval apart.
8.Banhu 板胡 - a loud erhu type instrument made of coconut, with two metal strings tuned in fifth intervals.
9.Nanju (or the Nanhu 南胡 ) - the Cantonese opera erhu, with two metal strings tuned a fifth interval apart.
10.Matouqin 马头琴 (or in Mongolian, the Morin Huur, the Morin Khuur, the Morin Xuur, the Morin Khor, or the Marinhur, or the Chaoer in eastern Mongolia), the Mongolian deep sounding two string bowed instrument that got its name from the carved horse head by the tuning pegs, with nylon or metal strings, and traditionally with horsehair strings, and they are tuned a fifth interval apart. There are three different sizes, like the Western violin, viola, and cello. Traditionally in eastern Mongolia the fingerboard is played normally like a violin, and the instrument is also called the Chaoer, but in western Mongolia, traditionally the string is played where the bottom of the nail meets the skin of the finger, so that the sound is proced with both the nail and the finger. Di Matouqin 低马头琴 - the bigger and lower pitched Matouqin, also tuned in fifth intervals.
Plucked Instruments:
1.Pipa 琵琶 - the four string Chinese fretted lute, with metal strings, and occasionally with silk strings. It is tuned G-C-D-G, or A-D-E-A.
2.Liuqin 柳琴 - the small pipa, the Chinese fretted lute, with three or four metal strings. It has either three strings tuned G-D-G, or four strings tuned G-D-G-D; and the four strings can also be tuned in fifths like a Western violin, to G-D-A-E.
3.Yueqin 月琴 - also called the "moon guitar", played with the Beijing Opera, a banjo-like fretted instrument with three or four metal strings. It is tuned A-D-A, or G-C-G, or D-A-D, or C-G-C; or with four strings, it is tuned D-A-D-A, or C-G-C-G.
4.Ruan 阮 - similar to the yueqin, but it has a hollow soundbox and a longer neck. It has three or four metal strings and is fretted. Xiaoruan 小阮 has three strings tuned D-A-D, or four strings tuned D-A-D-A. Zhongruan 中阮 , the medium lower ruan, has four metal strings tuned D-A-D-A, or to G-D-G-D; or tuned in fifth intervals like the Western cello to C-G-D-A, and it is fretted. Daruan 大阮, the big bass ruan, is traditionally tuned D-A-D-A, and in modern times it is also tuned in fifth intervals like the Western cello C-G-D-A, and it is usually bowed.
5.Sanxian 三弦 - the three string unfretted lute with metal, or gut, or nylon strings, with a long neck and made of snake skin. This instrument is also played in Japan, and it is also the main instrument for traditional music in Okinawa. It is tuned C-G-C.
6.Yangqin 扬琴 - the hammered lcimer, called the "Butterfly Harp."
7.Guqin 古琴 - (or the qin), the ancient seven string Chinese zither with metal strings wrapped with nylon, played by sliding the fingernail up the strings. It originally had five strings, and was called the qin, meaning "instrument," or "stringed instrument"; and the term "gu" means ancient. The standard tuning (listed in the key of C) is G-A-C-D-E-G-A. Another very common tuning (for the key of F) is C-D-F-G-A-C-D, and there are many others.
8.Guzheng 古筝 (or the Gu-Zheng, or the Zheng, or the Cheng), the Chinese zither/ harp with 16 to 25 strings and a moveable bridge. The 18 string and the older 16 string ones have metal strings and the 21 to 25 string ones have wire strings wrapped with nylon. Traditionally the older instrument had 13 strings made of silk, and that one was the ancestor of the Japanese Koto. The two most common tunings are the C pentatonic scale (C-D-E-G-A), and the G pentatonic scale (G-A-B-D-E); the pentatonic scale has the first, second, third, fifth, and sixth degrees of the scale.
9.Konghou 箜篌 - the vertical guzheng, the Chinese zither/harp, somewhat like a Western harp, with four pedals, and it usually has five or six octaves. It has metal strings wrapped with nylon in the lower section, and the higher strings are sometimes metal.
10.Se 瑟 - the ancient 50 string zither with a moveable bridge, which is no longer played. It may have been the forerunner of the guzheng, the Chinese zither/ harp (see related article). It had silk strings.
11.Hudie Zheng 蝴蝶筝 - somewhat like two guzhengs combined, sometimes called the "butterfly guzheng", which is a recent invention, but rarely played. It has metal strings wrapped with nylon, and some of the high strings can be metal. It has a set of 25 strings tuned normally to a pentatonic scale on the right side (with the first, second, third, fifth, and sixth degrees of the scale - in the key of C those notes are C, D, E, G, and A), where the bridge is moveable; and on the left side of the bridge, with notes that cannot be bent (and without a moveable bridge), a set of strings is tuned in half steps to all twelve chromatic Western pitches within the octave; also the left side has some pairs of strings that are tuned to the same notes that correspond to the notes of the strings on the right side of the bridge that are in the pentatonic tuning.
12.Khomuz (or the Koxianqin 口弦琴) - the Mongolian jaw harp with one or two metal reeds, played by holding it in the mouth and changing the tones with the mouth cavity.
13.Duxianqin 独弦琴 - an old one string instrument with a metal string supported by a wood bow, played by plucking the string and bending the wood bow.
Wind Instruments:
1.Xun 埙(or the Huin, or the Hsuin, or the Hsun) - a clay wind instrument with eleven holes. It was revived by the Guzheng master Cao Zheng in the early 1970s, and it became very popular again in 1998.
2.Dizi 笛子 - the horizonal side-blown bamboo flute.
3.Xiao 箫 (or the Hsiao) - the vertical bamboo flute.
4.Paixiao 排箫 - Chinese pan-pipes.
5.Sheng 笙 - the bamboo mouth organ, blown both in and out. It was the ancient ancestor of the Western harmonica. Diyinsheng is the big mouth organ with 48 pipes.
6.Hulusi 葫芦丝 - made of bamboo or another plant such as straw grass, and played like a mouth organ, blown both in and out. Shuangguan Hulusi is the double-reed hulusi.
7.Bawu 巴乌 - the small and deeper sounding bamboo flute.
8.Guanzi 管子 - the short cylindrical-bore oboe type older flute, made of wood. Shuangguan 双管 is a double-pipe flute made of wood.
9.Suona 唢呐 - Chinese trumpet, further specialized into gaoyinsuona, the soprano trumpet; zhongyinsuona, the lower trumpet; and diyinsuona, the bass trumpet.

这样应该挺详细的吧,嘿嘿·

❷ 戏曲 中国京剧 分别用英语怎么说非常感谢

Opera
Chinese Opera

❸ 中国戏曲的种类

1、昆曲

昆曲,又称“昆腔”、“昆剧”,是一种古老的戏曲剧种。它源于江苏昆山,明中叶后开始盛行,当时的传奇戏多用昆曲演唱。除了保持早期昆曲特色的南昆外,还在全国形成许多支脉,如北方的昆弋、湘昆、川昆等。昆曲的风格清丽柔婉、细腻抒情,表演载歌载舞、程式严谨,是中国古典戏曲的代表。

2、高腔

高腔,是对一种戏曲声腔系统的总称。它原被称为“弋阳腔”或“弋腔”,因为它起源于江西弋阳。其特点是表演质朴、曲词通俗、唱腔高亢激越、一人唱而众人和,只用金鼓击节,没有管弦乐伴奏。自明代中叶后,它开始由江西向全国各地流布,并在各地形成不同风格的高腔,如川剧高腔、湘剧高腔、赣剧高腔等。

3、梆子腔

梆子腔,是对一种戏曲声腔系统的总称。它源出于山西、陕西交界处的“山陕梆子”,特点为唱腔高亢激越,以木梆击节。然后,它向东、向南发展,在不同地区形成不同形式的梆子腔,如山西梆子、河北梆子、河南梆子、山东梆子等。

4、京剧

京剧,也称“皮黄”,由“西皮”和“二黄”两种基本腔调组成它的音乐素材,也兼唱一些地方小曲调(如柳子腔、吹腔等)和昆曲曲牌。它形成于北京,时间是在 1840年前后,盛行于20世纪三、四十年代,时有“国剧”之称。现在它仍是具有全国影响的大剧种。它的行当全面、表演成熟、气势宏美,是近代中国戏曲的代表。

5、评剧

评剧,清末在河北滦县一带的小曲“对口莲花落”基础上形成,先是在河北农村流行,后进入唐山,称“唐山落子”。20世纪20年代左右流行于东北地区,出现了一批女演员。20世纪30年代以后,评剧在表演上在京剧、河北梆子等剧种影响下日趋成熟,出现了白玉霜、喜彩莲、爱莲君等流派。1950年以后,以《刘巧儿》、《花为媒》、《杨三姐告状》、《秦香莲》等剧目在全国产生很大影响,出现新凤霞、小白玉霜、魏荣元等著名演员。现在评剧仍在河北、北京一带流行

6、河北梆子

河北梆子,即流行于河北、北京一带的梆子戏,它源于山、陕交界处的山陕梆子,经由山西传至河北,结合河北与北京方言而形成。它保持了梆子腔以梆击节的特点,唱腔高亢激越,善于表演悲剧情节。河北梆子著名剧目有《蝴蝶杯》、《辕门斩子》、《杜十娘》等

7、晋剧

晋剧,又名“中路梆子”,系由山西、陕西交界的山陕梆子发展至山西,结合山西语言特点而形成。现流行于山西中部及内蒙、河北一带。它保持了梆子腔以梆击节的特点,音乐风格在高亢之余,也有柔婉细腻的一面。表演通俗质朴。著名剧目有《打金枝》、《小宴》、《卖画劈门》等。

8、蒲剧

蒲剧,又名“蒲州梆子”,系由山西、陕西交界的山陕梆子发展而成,一说此即为原来的山陕梆子。现流行于山西西南部及陕西、河南一带,在声腔上近似于秦腔,语言也用陕西方言。著名剧目有《挂画》、《杀狗》、《杀驿》等。

9、上党梆子

上党梆子,山西四大梆子之一,系由山西西南部的“蒲州梆子”发展而成,流行于山西东南部上党一带。其声腔除梆子腔外,也兼唱昆曲、皮黄、罗罗腔等。剧目有《三关排宴》、《东门会》等。

10、雁剧

雁剧,也称“北路梆子”,由“蒲州梆子”发展而来,流行于山西北部及河北张家口、内蒙古一带。据说它对河北梆子的形成有很大影响。剧目有《血手印》、《金水桥》等。

11、秦腔

秦腔,陕西省地方戏,也叫“陕西梆子”,是最早的梆子腔,约形成于明代中期。其表演粗犷质朴,唱腔高亢激越,其声如吼,善于表现悲剧情节。剧目有《蝴蝶杯》、《游龟山》、《三滴血》等。

12、二人台

二人台,流行于内蒙古、山西及河北张家口一带的戏曲剧种,在内蒙民歌及山西民间小调基础上形成,后来又吸收晋剧的表演成份而渐渐成熟。表演生活气息浓郁,曲词通俗。剧目多为表现农村生活的小戏,如《走西口》、《五哥放羊》等。

13、吉剧

吉剧,流行于吉林省的戏曲剧种。20世纪50年代在东北“二人转”的基础上发展而成,曲调轻快、词句通俗、表演质朴火爆,剧目有《燕青卖线》、《包公赔情》等。

14、龙江剧

龙江剧,流行于黑龙江地区,20世纪50年代在东北“二人转”、拉场戏、影戏及当地民歌基础上形成,表演轻松幽默,曲词通俗。剧目有《双锁山》、《荒堂宝玉》等。

15、豫剧

豫剧,又称“河南梆子”。明代末期由传入河南的山陕梆子结合河南土语及民间曲调发展而成,现流行于河南、河北、山西、山东等省份。原有豫东调、豫西调、祥符调、沙河调四大派别,现以豫东、豫西调为主。出现过常香玉、陈素珍、崔兰田、马金凤、阎立品等著名旦角演员。剧目有《穆桂英挂帅》、《红娘》、《花打朝》、《对花枪》和现代戏《朝阳沟》等。

16、越调

越调,河南地方剧种,流行于河南及湖北北部地区,因以“四股弦”为主要伴奏乐器,所以也称“四股弦”。音乐为板腔体为主,也唱曲牌。著名演员有申凤梅等。剧目有《收姜维》、《李天保招亲》、《诸葛亮吊孝》等。

17、河南曲剧

河南曲剧,河南省地方剧种,流行于河南省及湖北西北部地区,由曲艺“河南曲子”发展而成。唱腔轻柔婉转,以悲剧内容见长。剧目有《卷席筒》、《陈三两》、《花亭会》等。(

18、山东梆子

山东梆子,山东省地方剧种,流行于山东荷泽一带,因其地古称“曹州”,故又名“曹州梆子”。此梆子系由山陕梆子经由河南再传入山东,历经变化而形成。主要剧目有《墙头记》等。

19、吕剧

吕剧,山东省地方剧种,流行于山东中部及江苏、河南一带。20世纪初由民间说唱艺术“山东琴书”发展而成,1950年定名为“吕剧”。吕剧表演富于生活气息,通俗质朴,唱腔曲调简单,易学易唱。所以吕剧在广大农村影响很大。剧目有《王定保借当》、《小姑贤》和现代戏《李二嫂改嫁》等。

20、淮剧

淮剧,江苏省地方剧种,流行于江苏、上海及安徽等地区。它起源于江苏民间小戏,后又吸收徽剧的艺术因素而逐渐发展成熟。其表演粗犷朴素。剧目有传统戏《女审》、《三女抢板》和新编戏《金龙与蜉蝣》等

21、沪剧

沪剧,流行于上海一带的地方剧种,源于上海浦东的民歌,后形成上海滩簧调,又受到苏州滩簧的影响。20世纪30年代以文明戏的形式在上海演出,并定名为沪剧。剧目多为现代题材,如《啼笑姻缘》、《罗汉钱》、《芦荡火种》等。

22、滑稽戏

滑稽戏,流行于江苏、上海、浙江等地的戏曲剧种。源于上海的“独角戏”,后发展为滑稽戏,曲调驳杂、表演滑稽。主要剧目有《三毛学生意》、《一二三齐步走》等。

23、越剧

越剧,流行于浙江一带的地方剧种。它源出于浙江嵊县的“的笃班”,1916年左右进入上海,以“绍兴文戏”的名义演出。先以男演员为主,后变为以女演员为主。1938年后,使用“越剧”这一名称。1942年以袁雪芬为首的越剧女演员对其表演与演唱进行了变革,吸收话剧昆曲的表演艺术之长,形成柔婉细腻的表演风格。出现袁(雪芬)派、尹(桂芳)派、范(瑞娟)派、傅(全香)派、徐(玉兰)派等众多艺术流派。越剧剧目有《祥林嫂》、《梁山伯与祝英台》、《红楼梦》、《五女拜寿》、《西厢记》等。

24、婺剧

婺剧,流行于浙江金华一带的地方剧种,又名“金华戏”。它是一个多声腔剧种。其声腔由高腔、昆曲、滩簧、徽调等组成,各有其剧目及表演特色。剧目有《僧尼会》、《牡丹对课》、《断桥》等。

25、绍剧

绍剧,流行于浙江绍兴、宁波一带的地方剧种,形成于明末。以“三五七”、“二凡”为主要声腔,表演上以武戏见长,风格粗犷、朴实。剧目有《三打白骨精》、《龙虎斗》、《吊无常》等。

26、徽剧

徽剧,流行于安徽、江苏等地区的戏曲剧种,形成于清代中期,系多声腔的剧种,主要声腔为拔子、吹腔、二黄,也兼唱昆曲、高腔和西皮。1790年,徽班进京为乾隆庆寿,后演变为京剧。剧目多为历史题材,如取材于《三国演义》的《水淹七军》等。

27、黄梅戏

黄梅戏,起源于安徽的戏曲剧种,流行于安徽、江西及湖北地区。它的前身是黄梅地区的采茶调,清代中叶后形成民间小戏,称“黄梅调”,用安庆方言演唱。20世纪50年代在严凤英等人的改革下,表演日趋成熟,发展成为安徽的地方大戏。著名剧目有《天仙配》、《牛郎织女》、《女驸马》等。

28、闽剧

闽剧,流行于福建地区的戏曲剧种。兴起于明中叶,到清代时已基本形成,只是规模较小。20世纪初爱京剧影响规模渐大,声腔基本完备,包括逗腔、洋歌、江湖、小调和板歌五种。剧目有《炼印》、《天鹅宴》等。

29、莆仙戏

莆仙戏,福建地方戏,旧称“兴化戏”,明中叶时已完全成熟,流行于莆田、仙游一带。音乐为曲牌体,表演颇具古意,典雅抒情。剧目有《张协状元》、《团圆之后》、《春草闯堂》等。

30、梨园戏

梨园戏,一种历史久远的戏曲剧种,可看成戏曲的“活化石”。它保存了很多宋元时期的南戏,如《朱文走鬼》、“荆、刘、拜、杀”等。20世纪50年代后,又编演了《董生与李氏》、《节妇吟》等剧目。

31、高甲戏

高甲戏,流行于福建晋江、龙溪一带,起源于清代中期,后吸收了梨园戏的表演因素及剧目,渐成规模。20世纪20年代又受到京剧的影响,渐渐成熟。它以丑角为主要行当,表演状如牵线傀儡,很有特色。剧目有《连升三级》、《金魁星》等。

32、赣剧

赣剧,流行于江西省东北部的戏曲剧种,由明代的弋阳腔发展而来,系由弋阳腔、青阳腔、昆腔、乱弹等多种声腔组成的剧种。剧目有《窦娥冤》、《荆钗记》、《珍珠记》、《还魂记》等。

33、采茶戏

采茶戏,流行于江西各地的戏曲剧种,主要由当地茶农采茶时所唱的歌曲小调结合民间歌舞发展而成。江西采茶戏分分东、南、西、北、中等不同路子,在表演上各具特色。剧目有《孙成打酒》等。

34、汉剧

汉剧,一般指流行于湖北、河南、陕西等地的戏曲剧种,源出湖北地区,旧称“楚调”或“汉调”,主要声腔是西皮腔,兼唱二黄腔,迄今为止已有近三百年历史。主要剧目有《宇宙锋》、《二度梅》、《审陶大》等。又,在湖南常德和广东也都有汉剧,均为多腔剧种,与湖北汉剧迥然不同。

35、湘剧

湘剧,即湖南省的地方戏曲剧种,流行于长沙、湘潭一带,源出于明代的弋阳腔,后又吸收昆腔、皮黄等声腔,形成一个包括高腔、低牌子、昆腔、乱弹的多声腔剧种。剧目以高腔、乱弹为主,如《琵琶记》、《白兔记》、《拜月记》等。

36、祁剧

祁剧,又称“祁阳戏”,流行于湖南祁阳、邵阳一带,源出明代弋阳腔,声腔以高腔为主,兼唱昆曲、弹腔。剧目有《目连传》、《精忠传》、《夫子戏》、《观音戏》等。

37、湖南花鼓戏

湖南花鼓戏是对湖南各地花鼓、花灯戏的总称,其中包括长沙花鼓、岳阳花鼓、常德花鼓、衡阳花鼓、邵阳花鼓等,它们各有不同的舞台语言,形成了各自的风格。花鼓戏的表演朴实、欢快、活泼,行当以小生、小旦、小丑为主,长于扇子的毛巾的运用。剧目有《打鸟》、《刘海砍樵》等。

38、粤剧

粤剧,流行于广东、香港、东南亚等粤语语言区。形成于清初,由外地传入的高腔、昆腔、皮黄、梆子等声腔与当地民间音乐结合而成。音乐为板腔体、曲牌体兼用。剧目有《搜书院》、《关汉卿》等。

39、潮剧

潮剧,流行于广东汕头、福建南部及台湾等地区。主要受外地传入在弋阳腔、昆腔及汉调的影响,形成于明代中叶,在剧目中保留了很多宋元作品,如《陈三五娘》、《扫窗会》、《芦林会》等。

40、桂剧

桂剧,流行于广西东北部及湖南南部地区,明末清初时形成,唱腔以皮黄为主,兼唱昆腔、高腔、吹腔等腔调。剧目有《抢伞》、《拾玉镯》、《柜中缘》等

41、彩调

彩调,原名“调子”或“采茶”,流行于广西地区。在当地民间歌舞基础上形成,已有近两百年的历史,1955年定名为“彩调”。其表演自由活泼,富于生活气息。最为著名的剧目是《刘三姐》。

42、壮剧

壮剧,流行于广西、云南等壮族聚居区的戏曲剧种,分为南路和北路两派。前者源于当地的“板凳戏”,主要剧目有《文龙与肖尼》;后者源于“双簧戏”,主要剧目有《宝葫芦》。

43、川剧

川剧,四川省地方剧种,流行于四川及其周边地区。由昆腔、高腔、胡琴、弹戏、灯戏部分组成,各有其剧目。川剧唱腔高亢激越,表演诙谐幽默,富于生活气息。主要剧目有传统戏《玉簪记》、《柳荫记》、《活捉王魁》等,新编戏《死水微澜》、《变脸》、《金子》等。

44、黔剧

黔剧,流行于贵州省的地方剧种,由曲艺“文琴”发展而成,主要以扬琴为伴奏乐器,地方特色浓郁。剧目有《珠娘郎美》、《奢香夫人》等。

45、滇剧

滇剧,流行于云南及四川、贵州部分地区的地方剧种,形成于清末民初。由外来的丝弦、襄阳调和胡琴戏三种声腔组成,经丝弦腔为主。剧目有《牛皋扯旨》、《闯宫》等。

46、傣剧

傣剧,流行于云南省傣族聚居区,形成于清中叶,源于当地民间歌舞,并吸收京剧、滇剧的艺术营养而形成。以二胡为主要伴奏乐器,表演古朴,载歌载舞。剧目有《娥并与桑洛》等。

47、藏剧

藏剧,即流行于西藏、青海等藏族聚居区的戏曲剧种,用藏语演唱。形成于十七世纪,主要以佛教故事和民间传说为表现内容。演员表演时多戴面具。表演分三部分,第一部分为开场,名为“顿”;第二部分为戏,称为“雄”;第三部分为结束时的祝福,称为“扎喜”。剧目以《文成公主》最为有名。

48、皮影戏

皮影戏,也叫“影戏”、“灯影戏”、“土影戏”。用灯光照射兽皮或纸板雕刻成的人物剪影以表演故事的戏剧。剧目、唱腔多同地方戏曲相互影响,由艺人一边操纵一边演唱,并配以音乐。中国影戏距今已有一千多年的历史。由于流行地区、演唱曲调和剪影原料的不同而形成许多类别和剧种,以河北唐山一带的驴皮影和西北的牛皮影最为著名。其中唐山皮影已发展成为具有精美的雕刻工艺、灵巧的操纵技巧和长于抒情的唱腔音乐的综合艺术。

❹ “中国戏曲”用英语怎么说

“中国戏曲”
"Chinese opera"

“中国戏曲”
"Chinese opera"

❺ (急需个正确的答案)用英语怎么样写有关中国戏曲的介绍

CHINESE OPERA

Chinese Operas were based on old tales of heroes and the supernatural. Today the stories often deal with heroes of the communist revolution or with great historical events of the recent past. The variety of Chinese Opera known as Beijing Opera is the most familiar in the west. It was developed in the 19th century as a synthesis of earlier provincial forms.

Beijing Opera, which is also known as Peking Opera, has existed for over 200 years. It is widely regarded as the highest expression of the Chinese culture. It is perhaps the most refined form of opera in the world. Although it is called Beijing Opera its origins are not in Beijing but in the provinces of Anhui and Hubei. It was originally staged for the royal family and was introced to the public later. Beijing opera was regarded to as one of the rare forms of entertainment. There are thousands of opera pieces covering the entire history and literature of China.

The development of the art of painting faces is closely related to that of dramatic art, although the earliest painted faces, or their precursors appeared long before Chinese drama took shape.

As Chinese dramatic art developed, the drawbacks of wearing masks became increasingly evident, for masks prevented the actors from showing their facial expressions. A vividly painted face however enables audiences to see expressions clearly.

In the beginning only three sharply contrasting colours - red, white and black were generally used in facial make up. The earliest painted faces were simple and crude but within time the designs became more elaborate and ornamental.

下面的链接还有各种花脸的介绍:

❻ 跪求英文的对于中国戏曲的介绍

The Chinese opera is a traditional form of stage entertainment, weaving together elements of mime, dance, song, dialogue, swordplay, and acrobatics into one fluid continuous flow. Gestures, movements and expressions incorporated within each performer's script come together to bring forth an impressive performance. In contrast to Western stage entertainment, which is subdivided into different categories such as opera, drama and sketches, Chinese opera has remained faithful to its original format over the centuries.
Although sharing a common ancestry, Chinese opera boasts over 300 various distinct forms - taking their names from their places of origin. These forms are generally discernible by their use of local dialects and distinct 'melodies'. Beijing opera is considered by most to be the most refined. Also widespread are Pingju Opera, Kunqu Opera, Shaoxing Opera, Henan Opera, Sichuan Opera, Shanxi Opera, Huangmei Opera, Huagu Opera and Yangko Opera. Some Chinese ethnic minority groups have some local form of operas.

以下是网上翻译的第一段,供你参考吧。
La ópera china es una forma tradicional de entretenimiento del teatro, tejiendo los elementos juntos de mimo, del le, de la canción, del diálogo, de la esgrima, y de la acrobacia en un flujo continuo líquido. Los gestos, los movimientos y las expresiones incorporados dentro de cada escritura de artista se reúnen dar a luz un desempeño impresionante. Por contraste al entretenimiento del teatro Occidental, que se subdivide en categorías diferentes tales como la ópera, el drama y los dibujos, la ópera china se ha quedado fiel a su formato original sobre los siglos.

❼ 怎么用英语写出中国戏曲代表作品有哪些

what are the representative works of Chinese opera? 希望采纳,谢谢

❽ 中国戏曲种类介绍

1、京剧

京剧,曾称平剧,中国五大戏曲剧种之一,场景布置注重写意,腔调以西皮、二黄为主,用胡琴和锣鼓等伴奏,被视为中国国粹,中国戏曲三鼎甲“榜首”。

徽剧是京剧的前身。清代乾隆五十五年(1790年)起,原在南方演出的三庆、四喜、春台、和春, 四大徽班陆续进入北京,他们与来自湖北的汉调艺人合作,同时又接受了昆曲、秦腔的部分剧目、曲调和表演方法,吸收了一些地方民间曲调,通过不断的交流、融合,最终形成京剧。

京剧形成后在清朝宫廷内开始快速发展,直至民国得到空前的繁荣。

京剧走遍世界各地,分布地以北京为中心,遍及中国,成为介绍、传播中国传统艺术文化的重要媒介。在2010年11月16日,京剧被列入“世界非物质文化遗产代表作名录”。

2018年12月,教育部办公厅关于公布沈阳师范大学、中国戏曲学院、南开大学为京剧中华优秀传统文化传承基地。

2、越剧

越剧(汉语拼音为yuèjù,英语为YueOpera)——中国第二大剧种,有第二国剧之称,又被称为是“流传最广的地方剧种”,有观点认为是“最大的地方戏曲剧种”,在国外被称为“中国歌剧”。

亦为中国五大戏曲剧种(依次为京剧、越剧、黄梅戏、评剧、豫剧)之一。

发源于浙江嵊州,发祥于上海,繁荣于全国,流传于世界,在发展中汲取了昆曲、话剧、绍剧等特色剧种之大成,经历了由男子越剧到女子越剧为主的历史性演变。

越剧长于抒情,以唱为主,声音优美动听,表演真切动人,唯美典雅,极具江南灵秀之气;多以“才子佳人”题材为主,艺术流派纷呈,公认的就有十三大流派之多。

主要流行于:上海、浙江、江苏、福建、江西、安徽等广大南方地区,以及北京、天津等大部北方地区,鼎盛时期除西藏、广东、广西等少数省、自治区外,全国都有专业剧团存在。

越剧为首批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。

2018年12月,教育部办公厅关于公布杭州师范大学为越剧中华优秀传统文化传承基地。

3、沪剧

中国传统戏曲剧种。流行于上海和江浙地区。渊源于上海浦东的民歌东乡调,清末形成上海滩簧,其间受苏州滩簧的影响。后采用文明戏的演出形式,发展成为小型舞台剧“申曲”。1927年以后,申曲开始演出文明戏和时事剧。

1941年上海沪剧社成立,申曲正式改称沪剧。主要有长腔长板、三角板、赋子板等。曲调优美,富有江南乡土气息,擅长表现现代生活。优秀剧目有《罗汉钱》、《芦荡火种》、《一个明星的遭遇》等。

2006年被列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录。

4、川剧

川剧俗称川戏,主要流行于中国西南地区川渝云贵四省市的汉族地区,是融汇高腔、昆曲、胡琴(即皮黄)、弹戏(即梆子)和四川民间灯戏五种声腔艺术而成的传统剧种。

川剧,是中国传统戏曲剧种之一,流行于四川东中部、重庆及贵州、云南部分地区。川剧脸谱,是川剧表演艺术中重要的组成部分,是历代川剧艺人共同创造并传承下来的艺术瑰宝。川剧由昆腔、高腔、胡琴、弹戏、灯调五种声腔组成。

川剧分小生,须生,旦,花脸,丑角5个行当,各行当均有自成体系的功法程序,尤以小生丑角、旦的表演最具特色,在戏剧表现手法、表演技法方面多有卓越创造,能充分体现中国戏曲虚实相生、遗形写意的美学特色。2006年5月20日,川剧经国务院批准列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。

5、秦腔

秦腔(Qinqiang
Opera),中国西北地区传统的戏剧,国家级非物质文化遗产之一。

古时陕西、甘肃一带属秦国,所以称之为“秦腔”。因为早期秦腔演出时,常用枣木梆子敲击伴奏,故又名“梆子腔”。

秦腔成形后,流传全国各地,因其整套成熟、完整的表演体系,对各地的剧种产生了不同程度的
影响,并直接影响了梆子腔成为梆子腔剧种的始祖。秦腔的表演技艺朴实、粗犷、豪放,富有夸张性,生活气息浓厚,技巧丰富。

2006年5月20日,经国务院批准列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。

❾ 戏曲中国京剧分别用英语怎么说

戏曲
Traditional opera
中国京剧
Chinese Peking Opera

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