地震是怎么形成的英语介绍

Ⅰ 地震是怎么形成的英文版

Formation of Earthquakes：
Earthquakes form when there is a vibration in the earth’ crust, causing a sudden release of energy. This energy is radiated out from the quake’s epicenter, in the form of seismic waves.
There are two types of seismic waves, the P-waves, or primary waves and the S-waves, also known as secondary waves. The P-Waves are the first waves to arrive ring an earthquake. They compress and dilate (push together and pull apart) rocks in the ground, and they can travel through solids and liquids. The S-waves arrive after the P-waves. They move more slowly than the P-waves.As they pass through the ground they cause the rocks to move from side to side.

Ⅱ 地震英语介绍

这些是好多段的，你可以自己选

【Top News】
>Strong aftershock hits town
映秀镇今再遭强烈余震
Yingxiu Town in Wenchuan County was hit by a strong aftershock this morning, leading to the collapse of houses and landslides at a nearby mountain. 2/3 of the houses in Yingxiu were destroyed Monday.
汶川县映秀镇15日上午再次发生强烈余震，上次地震中未倒塌的房屋出现倒塌，附近山体滑坡。映秀镇在12日的大地震中损失惨重，2/3房屋被毁。
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>5500 survivors rescued
5500人获救5万被转移
As of 8:00 am Thursday, police had pulled more than 5500 earthquake survivors from the debris. Elsewhere more than 50000 people had been evacuated from Wenchuan and other badly hit regions including Dujiangyan, Beichuan and Maoxian in Sichuan and Longnan in Gansu.
截至15日8时，在四川汶川、都江堰、北川、茂县和甘肃陇南等地抗震救灾的武警官兵，已从废墟中救出5500余人，转移疏散5万余人。
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>Roads for rescue team
水路公路救援同时进行
The Ministry of Communications has begun to move rescue teams to the worst quake-hit areas by a waterway from Zipingpu Reservoir in Dujiangyan. Reports say that army troops have opened a water route and transported more than 800 people this morning. In addition, the highway linking Beichuan with Mianyang was broken through, allowing heavy rescue machines to enter Beichuan.
交通部启动了对地震灾区的水路救援方案，15日上午，解放军在都江堰紫坪铺水库架设了一组漕渡门桥，并向灾区漕渡800余人，主要是救援人员和部分记者。此外，绵阳通往北川的公路已打通，大型救援机械已可开进。

Saudi Arabia has decided to donate $50m in cash and $10m worth of relief materials. UK will provide about $2m in aid. China has accepted Japan's offer to send an emergency response team to the quake-stricken areas. Russia's second batch of humanitarian aid arrived in Cheng by plane Thursday morning consisting of 60.96 tons of tents, quilts and other materials.
沙特决定向中国捐赠5000万美元现金和价值1000万美元的救援物资；英国给予约合200万美元的援助。此外，中国同意日本派出紧急救援队前往灾区。俄罗斯第二批救援物资也于15日上午飞抵成都，包括帐篷、棉被等共60.96吨。

>Relay conjoins relief work
火炬传递之前进行默哀
BOCOG said that the Olympic torch relay will join in earthquake relief activities around China in the coming months. In Jiangxi, participants observed a minute of silence for the victims before the relay. The torch relay finished the Jinggangshan leg Thursday, and will take place in Nanchang tomorrow.
北京奥组委日前表示，要将奥运火炬接力活动和抗震救灾结合起来。在江西的传递中，火炬接力开始前全体参与者都为震区遇难者默哀一分钟。圣火15日在革命圣地井冈山传递，明天将在南昌传递。

The 2008 Sichuan earthquake (Chinese: 四川大地震; pinyin: Sìchuān dà dìzhèn), magnitude 7.9 Mw, occurred at 14:28:01.42 CST (06:28:01.42 UTC) on 12 May 2008. In China, it was named after the earthquake's epicenter in Wenchuan County, Sichuan province of the People's Republic of China (Chinese: 汶川大地震; pinyin: Wènchuān dà dìzhèn). The epicenter was 90 kilometres (56 mi) west-northwest of Cheng, the capital of Sichuan, with a depth of 19 kilometres (12 mi).[2] The earthquake was felt as far away as Beijing and Shanghai, where office buildings swayed with the tremor.[3] The earthquake was also felt in nearby countries.

Official figures (as of 14 May) state that 14,866 are confirmed dead and 66,286 injured,[4][1][5] while the state-run Xinhua News Agency reported that 19,565 (including 7,700 in Yingxiu, near the epicenter) are dead and 26,206 injured.[6] The Chinese government said that the death toll could reach 50,000.[7] Tens of thousands are missing, many of them buried, and eight provinces were affected.[8][9]It was the deadliest and strongest earthquake to hit China since the 1976 Tangshan earthquake, which killed approximately 250,000 people.[10]

Ⅲ 关于地震的英文介绍

http://www.enun.cn/topicnews.aspx?tid=6
http://www.enun.cn/html/2008-05/44552.shtml
这里有

Ⅳ 地震是怎样形成的（英语）一定要英语还要小学的拜托了

The crustal plates squeeze each other, causing the internal stress existing or stretched or squeezed inside the plate. When a certain stress exceeds the limit that a plate can bear at a certain time, the ground will be pulled away by a crack or suddenly folded up and collapsed, creating an earthquake.
地壳板块互相挤压，导致内部应力存在或伸展或挤压在板块内部。当某一特定的应力超过某一板块在某一时间所能承受的极限时，地面就会被裂缝拉走或突然折叠倒塌，造成地震。
就是这样子的，望采纳，谢谢

Ⅳ 关于地震的英语介绍

An earthquake is a sudden tremor or movement of the earth's crust, which originates at or below the surface.

There are two main causes of earthquakes. They can be linked to explosive volcanic eruptions or can be triggered by tectonic activity, with the latter being the cause of most earthquakes.

Earthquakes in the UK are all tectonic quakes, triggered when the Earth’ crust is subjected to strain and eventually moves.

At the start of a quake there is a sudden movement within the Earth's crust and shock waves move out from that point.

The focus of the earthquake or tremor is often deep below the surface and difficult to map, so what is normally called the epicentre is taken as the point on the Earth directly above it.

There are two scales for defining the strength of an earthquake, the Mercalli Scale and the Richter Scale.

Earthquakes emit three types of waves which have their own characteristics.

Primary waves are identical in character to sound waves. The ground is forced to move forwards and backwards as it is compressed and decompressed.

Secondary waves travel more slowly and arrive after the P-waves. They move in all directions, at speeds which depend upon the density of the rocks through which they are moving. They cannot move through liquids. They can move walls and fences, leaving them 'S' shaped.

Surface waves are formed close to the epicentre and can only travel through the outer part of the Earth’s crust. They are responsible for the majority of the buildings damaged by earthquakes. The ground is made to move in a circular motion, causing it to rise and fall as visible waves move across the ground.

Ⅵ 地震是怎么形成的 翻译

1.The earthquake is so terrible, then how does the earthquake come into being? And what is the harm to the human?
2. In that way, how to prevent the earthquak?
望采纳!
译琳--网络知道团队回为您解答答

Ⅶ 用英语介绍地震知识

。。。本来是第2个回的。回完了才想起来没把中文的发上。可是在回复中又显示不出我的回复。半天才有。。。害我等了半天才重新编辑。
希望可以帮到你吧。

Understood that the earthquake and the earthquake protect the general knowledge 了解地震与地震防护常识

(1) earthquake is the common natural phenomenon 地震是常见自然现象

The earthquake and daily sees the wind and rain, the thunder and lightning are the same, is one kind of more universal natural phenomenon. Statistics indicated that the world approximately has 5,000,000 times every year the earthquake, but 99% above earthquakes are the small earthquakes, the people are not easy to feel. But the intense burst characteristics earthquake often causes the human to be unexpected, thus causes the personnel casualty and the huge economic loss. 地震和日常所见的风雨、雷电一样，是一种较为普遍的自然现象。据统计，全世界每年约发生500万次地震，不过99％以上的地震是微小地震，人们不容易感觉到。但强烈的突发性地震往往使人猝不及防，从而造成人员伤亡和巨大的经济损失。

(二) earthquake's origin 地震的成因

The earth interior material does not stop the movement, will have an function in the rock layer tremendous strength. When this strength accumulates to the certain extent, may cause some crag the level to have, the distortion curving. Once the rock layer cannot withstand this kind changed, will have the sudden breakage, moving out of place, caused the intense vibration, this kind of vibration was the earthquake which we usually said. The earth interior has earthquake's place to call the center of origin, the ground to be apart from the center of origin recent place to be called the epicenter earthquake's size to be possible to use the magnitude and the earthquake intensity weighs. When magnitude expression earthquake emit energy size; The intensity expressed that earthquake degree which destroys to the ground. 地球内部物质不停运动，会产生一股作用于岩层的巨大力量。当这股力量积累到一定程度时，可使一些岩
层发生弯曲、变形。一旦岩层承受不了这种变化的时候，就会发生急剧的破裂、错动，引起强烈振动，这种振动就是我们平时所说的地震。
地球内部发生地震的地方叫震源，地面距震源最近的地方叫震中地震的大小可以用地震震级和地震烈度来衡量。震级表示地震时释放能量的大小；烈度表示地震对地面破坏的程度。
(三) Earthquake's type 地震的种类
(1) Tectonic earthquake 构造地震
The tectonic earthquake is the earthquake which the earth structure movement causes. When the composition earth's crust's rock layer under the crustal stress function, has the incline or the bending strain, the local stress continues to strengthen, accumulates to surpasses the limit which the rock layer can withstand, along rock layer structure weak place. Has the break or the dislocation suddenly, causes the energy which accumulates for a long time to release suddenly, and to all around disseminates by the earthquake wave form causes the ground vibration. 构造地震是地球构造运动引起的地震。组成地壳的岩层在地应力作用下，发生倾斜或弯曲变形， 当地应力继续增强，积累到超过岩层所能承受的限度时，沿着岩层构造薄弱的地方。突然发生断裂或错位，使长期积累起来的能量急剧地释放出来，并以地震波的形式向四周传播而引起地面的振动。

(2) Volcanic earthquake 火山地震
The volcanic earthquake is causes by the volcanic eruption. The volcanic earthquake mainly has two kinds: One kind when is volcanic eruption, because the rock magma impact earth's crust or causes the earthquake which the local area rock layer occurs distorts and dislodges causes. After another kind is volcanic eruption, because the massive rock magma lose, the subsurface pressure reces or the underground deep place supplies is inferior to, to present the cavity, thus causes the earthquake which the above cover's rock layer break or the collapse proce. 火山地震是由火山爆发而引起的。火山地震主要有两种：一种是火山爆发时， 由于岩浆冲击地壳或使局部地区岩层发生变形和变位而引起的地震。另一种是火山爆发后，由于大量岩浆损失，地下压力减小或地下深处补给不及， 出现空洞，从而引起上面覆盖的岩层断裂或塌陷而产生的地震。
(3) The depression earthquake depression earthquake is the local earthquake which causes as a result of the underground limestone cave or the mine worked-out section's downcast. 陷落地震陷落地震是由于地下溶洞或矿山采空区的陷落而引起的局部地震。

China earthquake intensity 中国地震烈度

Ⅰ 1.9
Does not have the feeling, only the instrument can record 无感，仅仪器能记录到

Ⅱ 2.5
The indivial sensitive person in completely static has the feeling 个别敏感的人在完全静止中有感

Ⅲ 3.1
The indoor small number of people have the feeling in the static, the suspension swings slightly

Ⅳ 3.7
Indoor most people, the outdoor small number of people have the feeling, suspension swinging. Not the steady household utensils make noise

Ⅴ 4.3
Outdoor most people have the feeling, the domestic animal do not go home, the windows and doors make noise, the wall surface presents the crack 室外大多数人有感， 家畜不回家， 门窗作响，墙壁表面出现裂纹

Ⅵ 4.9
The human stands not steadily, the domestic animal escapes, the household utensils turn fall, crude shed lodging damage, steep ridge landslide 人站立不稳，家畜外逃，器皿翻落， 简陋棚舍损坏，陡坎滑坡

Ⅶ 5.5
The house slight damage, the memorial arch, the chimney damage, the surface presents the crack and spurts Sha Maoshui 房屋轻微损坏，牌坊、烟囱损坏，地表出现裂缝及喷沙冒水

Ⅷ 6.1
The house has the damage, minority roadbed landslide, underground ct breakage 房屋多有损坏，少数路基塌方，地下管道破裂

Ⅸ 6.7
The house majority destructions, minority fall, avalanches and so on memorial arch, chimney, the railway rail is curving 房屋大多数破坏，少数倾倒，牌坊、烟囱等崩塌，铁轨弯曲

Ⅹ 7.3
The house falls, the path destruction, the mountain stone massive avalanches, the water surface very rough seas throw the shore 房屋倾倒，道路毁坏，山石大量崩塌，水面大浪扑岸

Ⅺ 7.9
The house collapses massively, roadbed dike big Duan Benghui, the surface has the very sweeping change 房屋大量倒塌，路基堤岸大段崩毁，地表产生很大变化

Ⅻ 8.5
All building universal destruction, the terrain changes fiercely, the zoology and botany suffers destroys 一切建筑物普遍毁坏，地形剧烈变化，动植物遭毁灭

(四) Earthquake's destruction 地震的破坏

When earthquake, because ground succession large scale vibration, thus has the huge destructive effect, causes buildings and so on house, bridge, railroad, road, reservoir to suffer the degree different destruction. 地震时，由于地面连续发生大幅度的振动，从而产生巨大的破坏作用，造成房屋、桥梁、铁路、公路、水库等建筑物遭受程度不同的破坏。

(五) Earthquake omen 地震前兆
The earthquake, before specially the violent earthquake occurs, the general meeting appears…`abnormal phenomena. The people observe - to occur with the earthquake have the close contacting abnormal phenomenon to be called the earthquake omen. 地震，特别是强地震发生之前，总会出现…‘些异常现象。人们把观察到的—些与地震发生有密切联系的异常现象称为地震前兆。

(1) The ground water is unusual 地下水异常

(2)The animal is unusual 动物异常

(3) Flashes of light preceding an earthquake and earthquake sounds 地光和地声
The flashes of light preceding an earthquake and the earthquake sounds are the earthquake eve either when the earthquake makes luminous and the sound from underground or the ground, is important near shakes the omen. Before shaking, the flash, the sound proction, shines, sees this sentiment, suitable decisive, fast motion, few dangers. 地光和地声是地震前夕或地震时从地下或地面发出的光亮及声音，是重要的临震预兆。临震前，一瞬间，地发声，又发光，见此情，宜果断，速行动，少危险。

(六) Earthquake prediction issue 地震预报的发布
The country practices the unification issue system to the earthquake prediction. The earthquake short-term forecast and near shakes the predict that by the province, the autonomous region, the municipality people's government the procere issue which stipulated according to the State Council. Other any unit and indivial has no right to issue the earthquake prediction news. 国家对地震预报实行统一发布制度。地震短期预报和临震预报，由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府按照国务院规定的程序发布。其他任何单位和个人都无权发布地震预报消息。

(七) Before how to prepare for earthquake's 怎样做好地震前的准备

1 .Understands the earthquake knowledge, grasps the quakeproof emergency proceres了解地震知识，掌握防震应急措施。 2. Believes the science, opposes to blindly believe, does not readily believe the earthquake rumor相信科学，反对迷信，不轻信地震谣言。 3. Is clear about the evacuation route, to seek asylum the place, prepares to seek asylum with the rescue goods. Usually must prepare the skilled person flashlight, the cigarette lighter, the radio, suffices food which and tap water three days use.明确疏散路线、避难地点，准备好避难和营救的物品。通常需准备好手电筒、打火机、收音机，够三天用的食物和饮用水。 4 Reinforces the indoor furniture sundry goods, places objects and so on high place small thing, picture frame to shift to the floor on, avoids the furniture sundry goods when the earthquake reverses falls creates the injury accident. .加固室内家具杂物，把放在高处的小物件、镜框等物体转移到地板上，避免家具杂物在地震时翻倒掉落造成伤害事故。 5 .Assigns when the earthquake indivial emergency ty, specially protects from fire; When leaves home, should turn off the fuel gas stove, the extinguishment furnace fire, the mp and so on; Must protect old person the child; Carries the quakeproof thing and so on to carry out the human according to the ty division of labor, avoids shaking time flustered, cannot attend to one thing without losing track of another thing. 分配地震时个人应急任务，特别是防火；离家时，应关好燃气灶，熄灭炉火，切断电源等；要保护老人小孩；所携带防震用品等应按任务分工落实到人，避免震时忙乱，顾此失彼。 (八) When earthquake takes refuge from danger personally 地震时个人避险
The ruinous earthquake from occurs collapses to the house, generally has several second time. As indivial, how in instantaneous to make the choice which calmly takes refuge from danger correctly? 破坏性地震从发生到房屋倒塌，一般只有十几秒的时间。作为个人，如何在瞬间冷静地作出正确避险的抉择呢?
1. In building: Is far away from the outer wall and the windows and doors rapidly, may choose the space which standard widths and so on kitchen, bathroom small, are not easy to cave to shock proof, do not jump from an upper story, also cannot use the elevator.在楼房：迅速远离外墙及门窗，可选择厨房、浴室等开间小、不易塌落的空间避震，千万不要跳楼，也不能使用电梯。
2. In one-story house: When runs without enough time the outdoors, but hides rapidly nearby the table, the bed and the firm furniture or suffers the lower part of wall tightly, attention protection forehead在平房：来不及跑出户外时，可迅速躲在桌子、床下和坚固家具旁或紧挨墙根，注意保护头部。
3. In outdoors: Avoids the big building, is far away from the high tension line, the big billboard在户外：避开高大建筑物，远离高压线、大的广告牌。
4. In workshop: Switches off the power source friendly source rapidly, nearby hides nearby the firm machine, the equipment or the office furniture在工作间：迅速关掉电源和气源，就近躲藏在坚固的机器、设备或办公家具旁。
5. In public place: In places and so on station, theater, classroom, store, subway, must maintain calm, chooses hides place, then obeys the direction, the order evacuation. Do not jump from an upper story blindly, also do not crowd on the staircase, the corridor.after 在公共场所：在车站、剧院、教室、商店、地铁等场所，要保持镇静，就地选择躲藏处，然后听从指挥，有序撤离。不要盲目跳楼，也不要拥挤在楼梯、过道上。
(九) earthquake, helps oneself to rescue mutually 地震后自救互救
The seismic region populace, between the family, the neighborhood help oneself to rescue mutually particularly, is reces when the earthquake personnel casualty's effective measure -. 震区群众，尤其是家庭、邻里之间的自救互救，是减少地震时人员伤亡的有效手段之—。
1. Is buried the courage which the personnel first want to blow up seek livehood, must eliminate the dread, can leave the dangerous situation, should the idea be separated from the dangerous situation as soon as possible.被埋压人员首先要鼓起求生的勇气，要消除恐惧心理，能自我离开险境者，应尽快想法脱离险境。
2.is buried when the personnel cannot be out of danger, tries the hands and feet to work loose, clear decompression on own body's object, specially abdomen above pressure thing, waiting rescue. May use the towel, clothes and so on to cover the oronasal, maintains the breath is unobstructed, prevents the mist and st to choke into suffocates. 被埋压人员不能自我脱险时，设法将手脚挣脱出来，清除压在自己身上的物体，特别是腹部以上的压物，等待救援。可以用毛巾、衣服等捂住口鼻，保持呼吸通畅，防止烟尘呛入窒息。
3. Is buried the personnel to maintain is clear-headed, cannot call for help loudly, preserves the physical strength, the waiting rescue. Should use all means and the outside relates, available stone rap object, or when hearing some people only then calls for help被埋压人员要保持头脑清醒，不可大声呼救，以保存体力，等待救援。应利用一切办法与外界联系，可用石块敲击物体，或在听到外面有人时才呼救。
4. Is buried the heavy item which the personnel should support possibly crash, the expansion safe existing space, finally to has the optical fiber and the air circulation traverse, is separated from the dangerous situation. If is out of danger incapable time, should rece the physical strength consumption as far as possible, in may the activity space, try to seek for substitution food and the water, the creation survival requirement, the waiting rescue. 被埋压人员应支撑可能坠落的重物，扩大安全生存空间，最后向有光线和空气流通的方向移动，以脱离险境。若无力脱险时，应尽可能减少体力消耗，在可活动空间里，设法寻找代用食品和水，创造生存条件，等待救援。
5. The organization family, the neighborhood rescue mutually. The family personnel and the neighborhood knew very well that is buried the personnel position, but carries on the rescue promptly. Must pay attention in saving others listens to be stranded the personnel to shout, the groan, to rap sounds and so on utensil.组织家庭、邻里互救。家庭人员和邻里熟知被埋压人员位置，可及时进行抢救。在救人中要注意听被困人员的呼喊、呻吟、敲击器物等声音。
6. Must according to characteristics and so on building frame, origin time, or listens attentively through the inquiry, determined that after rolling the personnel position, again rescues, prevention of accident casualties要根据房屋结构、发震时刻等特点，通过询问或倾听，确定被团人员位置后，再行抢救，防止意外伤亡。
7. When saving others must rescue in the building border rubble first survivor. In the rubble piles, must rescue promptly occupies the house first floor or has not been destructed completely in the basement survivor. 救人时要先抢救建筑物边沿瓦砾中的幸存者。在瓦砾堆中，要及时抢救处在房屋底层或未完全遭到破坏的地下室中的幸存者。

Ⅷ 关于地震的英语介绍

表示地震的词：
earthquake
quake
shake
shock
tremor
temblor [美语] (pl. -s, -blores )

（地震）发生于...：
hit... 袭击，打击，使遭受
strike... 突然发生
shake... 摇；摇动；摇撼
jolt... 使颠簸，摇晃
rock... 摇，摇动，使振动
roll across... 波动，起伏，横摇
rip through... 裂开，破开；突进，横撞直闯

破坏程度（小→大）
damage 损害，损伤；〔口语〕伤害，毁坏。
destroy 毁坏，破坏；摧残。
shatter 破坏；捣毁；破灭。
devastate 蹂躏，破坏；使荒废；毁灭。
level 推倒，夷平。
flatten 夷为平地。

地震学相关词汇：
seismological 地震学上的
seismology 地震学
seismograph 地震仪
seismographer 地震学家
aftershock 余震
smaller tremors 小地震
epicenter 震中
magnitude 震级
Richter Scale(1—10) 里氏震级
earthquake monitoring 地震监控
tsunami 海啸
tsunami warning system 海啸预警系统
tidal waves 潮汐波，浪潮
natural disaster 自然灾害
tragedy 灾难
wreckage 残骸
death toll 死亡人数
survivors 幸存者
victims 受灾者
international contributions 国际援助
evacuation 撤离
rescue team 救援小组

half-mast 降半旗
mourning 哀悼
suspended 暂停
death toll 死亡人数
catastrophe （突如其来的）大灾难
account s （个人）陈述，解释
hopes are quickly fading 希望渺茫
recovery of bodies 找回（遇难者）尸体
rubble 碎石，碎砖
relief operation 营救行动
hampered （受到）阻碍
aftershocks 余震
Richter scale 里氏震级
mudslides 泥流
evacuated 疏散
open ground 开阔地，露天地
persistent 持续的
compounding （因进一步伤害）使（坏事）更坏
appealed 求助
pledged 承诺，给予（援助）

Ⅸ 地震时如何产生的，写一篇英文作文

原文：地震是指岩石圈在内力作用下脱然发生破裂，地球内能以地震波的形式强烈释放出来，从而引起一定范围内地面震动的现象。

发生地震的原因很多，根据地震的成因，可以把地震分为以下几种：

1．构造地震

由于地下深处岩层错动、破裂所造成的地震称为构造地震。这类地震发生的次数最多，破坏力也最大，约占全世界地震的90%以上。

2．火山地震

由于火山作用，如岩浆活动等引起的地震称为火山地震。只有在火山活动区才可能发生火山地震，这类地震只占全世界地震的7%左右。

3．塌陷地震

由于地下岩洞或矿井顶部塌陷而引起的地震称为塌陷地震。这类地震的规模比较小，次数也很少，即使有，也往往发生在溶洞密布的石灰岩地区或大规模地下开采的矿区。

4．诱发地震

由于水库蓄水、油田注水等活动而引发的地震称为诱发地震。这类地震仅仅在某些特定的水库库区或油田地区发生。

5．人工地震

地下核爆炸、炸药爆破等人为引起的地面振动称为人工地震。 人工地震是由人为活动引起的地震。如工业爆破、地下核爆炸造成的振动；在深井中进行高压注水以及大水库蓄水后增加了地壳的压力，有时也会诱发地震。

地震发生时，最基本的现象是地面的连续振动，主要是明显的晃动。在震区的人在感到大的晃动之前，有时首先感到上下跳动。这是因为地震波从地下向地面传来，纵波首先到达的缘故。横波接着产生大振幅的水平方向的晃动，是造成地震灾害的主要原因。

地震对自然界景观产生很大影响，最主要的后果是地面出现断层和地裂缝。大地震的地表断层常绵延几十至几百千米，往往具有较明显的垂直错距和水平错距，能反映出震源处的构造变动特征。但并不是所有的地表断裂都直接与震源的运动相联系，它们也可能是由于地震波造成的次生影响。特别是地表沉积层较厚的地区，坡地边缘、河岸和道路两旁常出现地裂缝，这往往是由于地形因素，在一侧没有依托的条件下晃动使表土松垮和崩裂。地震的晃动使表土下沉，浅层的地下水受挤压会沿地裂缝上升至地表，形成喷沙冒水现象。大地震能使局部地形改观，或隆起，或沉降。使城乡道路坼裂、铁轨扭曲、桥梁折断。在现代化城市中，由于地下管道破裂和电缆被切断造成停水、停电和通讯受阻。煤气、有毒气体和放射性物质泄漏可导致火灾和毒物、放射性污染等次生灾害。在山区，地震还能引起山崩和滑坡，常造成掩埋村镇的惨剧。崩塌的山石堵塞江河，在上游形成地震湖。

英语翻译：
Earthquake refers to the lithosphere in internal force descend from natural fracture, the earth in the form of seismic waves can strongly released, resulting in a certain range ground vibration phenomenon.

The earthquake many reasons, according to the genesis of earthquakes, can put divided into the following several earthquake:

1. Structural earthquake

Due to the deep underground strata rupture, by the collapse of the earthquake as structural earthquake. This kind of earthquake the most times, damaging the largest, accounts for about more than 90 percent of the world earthquake.

Volcanic earthquake 2.

Due to volcanic action, like the magma activity caused earthquake known as the volcano earthquake. Only in volcanic area can occur volcanic earthquake, this kind of earthquake accounts for only 7% of the world earthquake.

Earthquake collapse 3.

Due to the underground caves or mines top subsidence caused by the earthquake known as the collapse of earthquake. This kind of earthquake relatively small size, number are also few, although have, also often occur in cave cloudy limestone region or large-scale underground mining of mining area.

Ince earthquake 4.

Because of the initial impoundment of the reservoir and activities such as injection water caused by earthquake known as the inced earthquake. This kind of earthquake only in certain reservoir or oilfield area happen.

Artificial earthquake 5.

Underground nuclear explosion, explosives are caused by artificial ground vibration called artificial earthquake. Artificial earthquake is caused by human activities of earthquake. Such as instrial, underground nuclear explosion caused by blasting vibration, In deep water in high pressure and large reservoir impounding increased crustal stress, sometimes also can ince earthquake.

When an earthquake occurs, the most basic phenomenon is the ground of continuous vibration, mainly is obvious shaking. In the quake area people feel great shaking before, sometimes first feel about beats. This is because seismic waves from underground to ground came that p-wave first reach's sake. S-wave then proce the large amplitude of the horizontal wobble, is the main cause of the earthquake disaster.

The earthquake on nature landscape impact, the main consequence is ground faulting and ground fissure. Earthquake ground fault often to several hundred kilometers stretching dozens, often have the obvious vertical and horizontal distance from the fault fault, can reflect source in the tectonic change characteristics. But not all surface rupture directly with focal the movements of link, they can also be caused by seismic waves cause secondary influence. Especially surface sediments thicker areas, sloping edge, rivers and both sides the path, which often appear ground fissures are often the result of terrain factors, on the side without relying on shaking that under the condition of surface baggy and split. Earthquake jolts make elongate-shaped sinking, shallow groundwater suffers extruding will rise to the surface along the ground fissures, forming sandblasting take water phenomenon. Large earthquakes can make local terrain change, or uplift, or settlement. Make urban and rural road bran, rails distortion, bridge broken. In modern city, as underground pipes burst and cable was cut off water, power and communications caused by. Gas, toxic gases and radiation can cause fire and poisons, radioactive pollution and so on secondary disasters. In the mountains, the earthquake can cause landslides and landslides, often cause bury towns tragedy. Collapse of rocks blocked rivers, formed in upstream quake lake.