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中考英语语境中理解阅读

发布时间: 2021-02-23 06:15:23

『壹』 中考英语的阅读理解的题型和文章类型有哪些

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『贰』 中考英语:如何推断作者意图做好阅读题

首先,要把握和围绕命题趋势,搞好总复习。
从近几年来的情况看,中考试题中阅读理解的内容和体裁越来越丰富。内容涉及社会文化、风俗习惯、历史、地理、政治经济、科学技术、医疗教育、幽默小故事等,体裁形式也是多样的。对此,同学们复习备考过程中,就必须做到全面练习,熟悉各种内容和体裁的不同特点,逐步掌握其有效的解题规律。
其次,要明确阅读理解题的考察内容和形式。
概括地说,阅读理解就是要考察学生的阅读技能,包括理解和把握文章主题;了解具体的内容细节;猜测词义技巧;归纳篇章大意;以及分析和推断作者想要表达的观点、意图和态度等。考题通常从以下五个方面来设题:
(1)文章主题和中心大意的考察。主要考察学生对文章的理解程度,包括作者的写作目的、中心思想及段落大意等。在这种形式下,考生只有读懂全文,才能正确完成解题。
(2)内容细节的考察。主要考察学生在快速阅读过程中,对具体信息点的掌握程度。
(3)确定文章标题的考察。主要是考察学生在宏观层面上的抽象概括能力。
(4)推论性考察。主要是考察学生根据阅读材料中所提供的信息,推断出未知信息的能力。要求学生把已有信息作为已知条件,从中推断出符合因果关系变化的未知结论。
(5)猜测词义考察。主要是考察学生的词汇量程度。这一点主要是建立在学生的长期积累基础上的。
再次,要熟练掌握阅读理解的解题方法和技巧。
针对不同内容和形式的考题,往往都有一些行之有效的解题方法和技巧。从考察内容的体裁上来说,故事类文章应该抓住人物、时间、地点和情节发展线索。科普类文章要以事实为中心进行思考,抓住事物的特征、用途、相互关系等。图表类短文常常是与我们日常生活密切联系的内容,主要应该从两方面入手,一是了解图表的主要内容。二是推敲图表中的语境或数字,找出它们之间的关联关系和表达的含义。新闻类文章成为短文阅读常考察的一个重要内容。阅读这类文章时,头脑中一定要带着5个“W”(who、where、what、when、why)去进行。
从考察形式上来讲,应对文章主题和中心大意考题时,寻找和发现文章主题句就是关键。这个主题句一般具有如下特点:①表达的意思比较概括。②句子结构简单,大多数时候,不采用长句、难句的形式。③段落的其他句子必定是用来解释或发挥主题句所表达的主题思想的。④主题句的位置除个别情况下是在文中的句子,大多数情况下,主题句往往是在段首和段尾。所以,在阅读文章时,要特别注意文章的首段、首句和末句。
在应对细节考察题时,一定要遵循忠实原文的原则。这种形式的考题常常是直观性问题,其正确答案都可以在阅读材料中找到相应文字来验证。
在确定文章标题的考题中,要正确领会全文的主题,从宏观的层面把握文章的中心思想。从而加以分析、抽象和概括,排除似是而非的干扰项,选出最佳的答案。另外,标题的特点一般是省略冠词,be动词或定语的人称代词,并且多以短评或简单句为主。
推论性考察题一般包括事实推断、指代推断、逻辑推断和对作者意图与观点的推断。常见的提问方式有:①The writer believes that ____.②From this passage we can guess ____.③The write suggests that ____。除了一般的事实题可直接从文中找出答案外,其他诸如对条件变化、因果关系以及作者意图等较为深层的逻辑推断题,则必须要建立在对全文的理解基础上,通过文章所提供的线索,加以综合分析,才能做出正确的推断。
词义猜测考察中,常见的提问方式有:①In this passage the underlined wor “×” means ____. ②The under lined word “×”refers to ____. ③Here “it” means ____。猜测词义时,可以从以下三个方面考虑:一是根据上下文已知部分进行逻辑上的推测。二是运用语法知识和构词法进行分析。三是依据常识和生活经验做出判断。
最后,在备考和应考阶段应当注意的几个问题:
①要尽力扩大词汇量,提高阅读速度。
②要注意培养语意和词义推测能力,把握好长句和难句。
③尽量选取不同体裁和内容的文章,熟悉各自不同的侧重点,通过文章线索来分析和判断作者的意图和所表达的观点。
④尽量了解和掌握英语国家的风俗习惯、风土人情,必须按照英语语言的表达方式来理解文章,排除我们自己语言习惯的干扰。

『叁』 中考英语阅读理解究竟应该怎么做

首先是语法,在你的语法达到一定层次之后,你就可以追求更多的变化了,比如回,用虚拟语气句答型it is high time that we……代替常用的it is necessary that we should……,又如用倒装句代替常见的平铺直叙等,这样可以增加你的语法亮点,让已经有些麻木一直想睡觉的阅卷老师眼睛一亮,在你的试卷上多扫射一番!其次,是词汇,我觉得,在你的语法达到基本不会出错的程度上,作文便应该以词汇取胜,因为在这个层次上,大家的语法都差不多,没什么变化,唯一有变化的就是你的词汇!给你打个比方吧,很多想到“许多”就用many,但是你别忘了many a ;handsome;massive,innumerable,a multitude of ;很多人想到“专家”就写expert,但很少人会想到specialist,很多人在想到“擅长”这词,就写be good at

『肆』 关于中考英语完形填空与阅读理解

初三英语阅读训练
(1)
Once Einstein gave a lecture in many places in America. His driver always listened to him and knew the lecture so well that he was sure be could give it himself. So Einstein agreed that the driver gave the lecture him.
As nobody knew Einstein there, the driver gave the lecture for Einstein that evening. At first he was a bit afraid, but Einstein's smile made him feel better. He gave a good lecture and the people were quite pleased.
Then the driver started to leave and Einstein followed him without a word. When they got to the door, a man asked the driver a difficult question.
The driver said that the question was very easy, and told the man to ask his driver behind to answer it.
根据短文内容填空,每空限填一词。(10分)
Einstein gave the (1) ______ lecture again and again. His driver (2) ______ to his lecture so many times (3) ______ he wanted to give it (4) ______. When Einstein knew it, he let the driver (5) ______ the lecture for him that night. The driver gave a (6) ______ lecture and the great scientist was quite pleased.
When they were (7) ______ the lecture room, a man asked the driver a question. To show (8) ______ easy the question was, the driver asked Einstein who followed him (9) ______ to answer it (10) ______ of him.
KEY: 1.same 2.listened 3.that 4.himself 5.give 6.good 7.leaving 8.how 9.quietly(behind) 10.instead
(2)
When you want to go shopping, decide how much money you can spend for new clothes. Think about the kind of clothes you really need. Then look for those clothes on sale(销售).
There are labels(标签)inside all new clothes. The labels tell you how to take care of your clothes. The label for a shirt may tell you to wash it in warm water. A sweater label may tell you to wash by washing in cold water. The label on a coat may say "dry clan only." Washing may ruin(损坏)this coat. If you do as the directions(说明)say on the label, you can keep your clothes looking their best. Many clothes today must be dry cleaned. Dry cleaning is expensive. When buying new clothes, check(核实)to see if they will need to be dry cleaned. You will save money if you buy clothes that can be washed.
You can save money if you buy clothes that are well made. Well-made clothes last longer. They look good even after they have been washed many times. Clothes that cost more money are not always better made. They do not always fit(合身)better. Sometime less expensive clothes look and fit better than more expensive clothes.
1.If you want to save money you can buy clothes that _____.
A. don't fit you B. don't last long
C. need to be dry cleaned D. can be washed
2.The label inside the clothes tell you______.
A. how to keep them looking their best
B. how to save money
C. whether they fit you or not
D. where to get them dry cleaned
3.The first thing for you to do before you buy clothes is ______.
A. to look for well-made clothes
B. to see how much money you can pay
C. to know how to wash them
D. to read the labels inside them
4.We learn from the reading that cheaper clothes ______.
A. are always worse made
B. must be dry cleaned
C. can not be washed
D. can sometimes fit you better
5.The best title(标题) for the reading should be ______.
A. Buying Less Expensive Clothes
B. Taking Enough Money When Shopping
C. Being a Clever Clothes Shopper
D. Choosing the Labels inside New Clothes
Keys: 1.D 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.C
(3)
The English people like take-away food. The most popular food is fish and chips.They usually go to a fish and chip shop.They put the food in paper bags, and take it home, or to their work place. At lunch time, many people eat take-away food in the park. Chinese takeaways are also very popular in England. People in the USA and Australia like Chinese take-away food, too. But the most popular food in the USA is fried chicken.
根据短文内容判断正(T)误(F)。
1.People in England like fish and chips.
2.Fish and chips are the most popular food in China.
3.The English people often go to a fish and chip shop.
4.They put the food in paper bags.
5.They take the food only to their work place.
6.They never eat take-away food in the park.
7.Chinese takeaways are popular in England.
8.People in Australia don't like Chinese take-away food.
9.The most popular food in Australia is fried chicken.
10. Fried chicken is the most popular food in the USA.
根据短文内容,用Ⅱ栏中适当的词语完成Ⅰ栏的内容。

11.Fish and chips are
12.The English people go to a fish and chip shop
13.People eat take-away food
14.People take the food home
15.The American people also like

A.in the park at lunch time.
B.Chinese take-away food.
C.the most popular take-away food in England.
D.or to their work place
E.to buy take-away food.
KEY: 1.T 2.F 3.T 4.T 5.F 6.F 7.T 8.F 9.F 10.T 11.C 12.E 13.A 14.D 15.B

(4)
In 1620, about half the USA was covered by forests. Today the forests have almost gone. A lot of good land has gone with them, leaving only sand. China doesn't want to the USA's example. We're planting more and more trees. We've built the " Great Green Wall" of trees across northern part of our country.The Great Green Wall is 7,000 kilometres long, and between 400 and 1,700 kilometres wide. It will stop the wind from blowing the earth away. It will stop the sand from moving towards the rich farmland in the south. More "Great Green Walls" are needed. Trees must be grown all over the world. Great Green Walls will make the world better.
根据短文内容,选择正确答案。
1.In 1620, about ______ the USA was covered by forests.
A.a third B.half C.two thirds D.a fourth
2.A lot of good land has gone with ______.
A.sand B.water C.wind D.forests
3.The Great Green Wall in China is ______ long.
A.7,000 kilometers B.1,700 kilometers C.7,000 meters D.400 kilometers
4.Trees must be grown in ______.
A.China B.the USA C.some countries D.every part of the world
5.______ will make the world better.
A.The Great Wall B.Tall buildings C.Great Green Walls D.Flowers and grass
KEY: 1.B 2.D 3.A 4.D 5.C
(5)
The students were having their chemistry(化学)class. Miss Li was telling the children what water was like. After that, she asked her students, “What’s water?”No one spoke for a few minutes.Miss Li asked again,“Why don’t you answer my question?Didn’t I tell you what water is like?”
Just then a boy put up his hand and said,“Miss Li,you told us that water has no colour and no smell.But where to find such kind of water?The water in the river behind my house is always black and it has a bad smell.”Most of the children agreed With him.
“I’m sorry,children.”said the teacher,“Our water is getting dirtier and dirtier.That’s a problem.
1.The students were having their _______ class.
A.English B.Chinese
C.chemistry D.maths
2.Miss Li was telling the children what ______ was like.
A.water B.air
C.earth D.weather
3.A boy said,“The water in the river behind my house is always _______.”
A.white B.black
C.clean D.clear
4.Most of the children _______ the boy.
A.agreed with B.wrote to
C.heard from D.sent for
5.The water in the river has colour and smell because it is getting _______.
A.more and more B.less and less
C.cleaner and cleaner D.dirtier and dirtier
KEY: 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.D
(6)
“Cool”is a word with many meanings.Its old meaning is used to express a temperature that is a little bit cold.As the world has changed,the word has had many different meaning.
“Cool”can be used to express feelings of interest in almost anything.
When you see a famous car in the street,maybe you will say,“It’s cool.”You may think,“He’s so cool,”when you see your favourite footballer.
We all maximize(扩大) the meaning of“cool”.You can use it instead of many words such as “new” or “surprising”.Here’s an interesting story we can use to show the way the word is used.A teacher asked her students to write about the waterfall(瀑布)they had visited.On one student’s paper was Just the one sentence,“It’s so cool.Maybe he thought it was the best way to show what he saw and felt.
But the story also shows a scarcity(缺乏)of words.Without “cool”,some people have no words to show the same meaning.So it is quite important to keep some credibility(可信性).Can you think of many other words that make your life as colourful as the word “cool”? I can.And I think they are also very cool.
1.We know that the word“cool has had ________.
A.only one meaning B.no meanings
C.many different meanings D.the same meaning
2.In the passage,the word“express”means“________”.
A.see B.show C.know D.feel
3.If you are _______ something,you may say,“It’s cool.”
A.interested in B.angry about
C.afraid of D.unhappy with
4.The writer takes an example to show he is ________ the way the word is used.
A.pleased with B.strange to
C.worried about D.careful with
5.In the passage,the writer suggests(暗示)that the word “cool”________.
A.can be used instead of many words
B.usually means something interesting
C.can make your life colourful
D.may not be as cool as it seems
KEY: 1.C 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.D
(7)
A friend of mine named Paul received an expensive car from his brother as a Christmas present.On Christmas Eve when Paul came out of his office,a street urchin was walking around the shining car.“Is this your car,Paul?”he asked.
Paul answered,“Yes,my brother gave it to me for Christmas.”The boy was surprised.“You mean your brother gave it to you and it didn’t cost you nothing?Boy,I wish…”He hesitated.
Of course Paul knew what he was going to wish for.He was going to wish he had a brother like that. But what the boy said surprised Paul greatly.
“I wish,”the boy went on,“that I could be a brother like that.”Paul looked at the boy in surprise, then he said again, “Would you like to take a ride in my car?”
“Oh yes,I’d love that.”
After a short ride,the boy turned and with his eyes shining,said,“Paul,would you mind driving in front of my house?”
Paul smiled a little.He thought he knew what the boy wanted.He wanted to show his neighbours that he could ride home in a big car. But Paul was wrong again. “Will you stop where those two steps are? the boy asked.
He ran up to the steps. Then in a short while Paul heard him coming back, but he was not coming fast. He was carrying his little crippled brother. He sat him down on the step and pointed to the car.
“There she is, Buddy, just like I told you upstairs. His brother gave it to him for Christmas and it didn’t cost him a cent. And some day I’m going to give you one just like it…then you can see for yourself all the nice things in the Christmas windows that I’ve been trying to tell you about.”
Paul got out and lifted the boy to the front seat of his car. The shining-eyed older brother climbed in beside him and the three of them began an unforgettable holiday ride.
注:urchin顽童 hesitate犹豫 neighbour邻居 crippled残疾 cent美分
1.The street urchin was very surprised when ________.
A.Paul received an expensive car
B.Paul told him about the car
C.he saw the shining car
D.he was walking around the car
2.From the story we can see the urchin ________.
A.wished to give his brother a car
B.wanted Paul’s brother to give him a car
C.wished he could have a brother like Paul’s
D.wished Paul could be a brother like that
3.The urchin asked Paul to stop his car in front of his house ________.
A.to show his neighbours the big car
B.to show he had a rich friend
C.to let his brother ride in the car
D.to tell his brother about his wish
4.We can infer(推断)from the story that ________.
A.Paul couldn’t understand the urchin
B.the urchin had a deep love for his brother
C.the urchin wished to have a rich brother
D.the urchin’s wish came true in the end
5.The best name of the name story is _________.
A.A Christmas Present
B.A Street Urchin
C.A Brother Like That
D.An Unforgettable Holiday Ride
KEY: 1.B 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.C

(8)
Dreams
"Dreams (梦 ) may be more important than sleep. We all need to dream," some sci-entists say.
Dreams take up about one quarter of our sleeping time. People have several dreams each night. Dreams are like short films. They are usually in colour. Some dreams are like old films. They come to us over and over again. That may be because the dreamer is worrying about something. Dreaming may be a way of trying to find an answer.
Some people get new ideas about their work from dreams. They may have been thinking about their work all day. These thoughts can carry over into dreams.
Sometimes we wake up with a good feel-ing from a dream. But often we can't re-member the dream. Dreams can disappear (消失) quickly from memory (记忆).
Too much dreaming can be harmful (有害的). The more we sleep, the longer we dream. The mind is hard at work when we dream. That is why we may have a long sleep and still wake up tired.
1. It may be less important to sleep than to__.
A. think B. dream C. work D. study
2. Dreams and films are usually ____.
A. very long B. in colour C. about work D. very sad
3. Why do some people often dream about their work?
A. Because they are tired in the daytime.
B. Because they are not interested in their work.
C. Because they may be thinking about their work all day.
D. Because they have too much work to do.
4. The main idea of the story is that ____.
A. what dream is
B. people like to sleep
C. dreams are like films
D. we always remember dreams
[Key] 1. B 2. B 3. C 4. A

『伍』 中考英语短文阅读怎样才不能丢分

初中阅读理解辅导:中考英语阅读新题型丢分四顽症

中学阶段英语试卷,篇幅最长的、最耗时间的、生词最多的、单题分值最高的是什么题型?相信答案已经很明显了--阅读。中考三篇文章,高考五篇文章,分别占到总分值的约18.34% 和26.67%。就中考而言,今年北京中考更把原来的22分提高到24分,文章篇幅也有所加长。阅读从某种意义上说,阅读已经成为英语考试成绩的一个风向标。因此谈起阅读,同学们是爱恨交织。

现在我们就来看看,为什么我们会恨阅读。

1, 单词不认识。

很多人都有这种感觉,平时课本上的单词自己都掌握了,为什么遇到阅读还是有很多看不懂呢?尤其考试有种题型,就是考单词意思的。其它题目虽然不直接考,但也是与那些"生词"有关的。

一般而言,这类问题被归结为单词量不够。要解决这个问题,是不是就要多背单词呢?单词是要背,但是要背到要点上。中考大纲,英语的要求是1600字,初中生的阅读要求是200,000字,高中生约300,000字。这些阅读材料中的单词必然是以大纲中的1600为主,而剩余的,阅读中允许的3%的生词则是在英语约300,000的总单词量中去选取。要想靠背诵完全解决生词问题,从这里看似乎不大实际。这里我有一点想法,

第一,不是每个生词都是必须看懂的。英语中有大量的词总是大写第一个字母的,而他们也大多属于专有名词,表示人名,地名,事件。如Adela、Manchester、NATO。遇到这类词完全可以视若罔闻。

第二,有的词是乔装过的。学英语的人都知道,英语中有些词通过前面或者后面加一些字母,就会变成另一个词。如,regular--irregular, kind--kindness,前者通过加-ir变成起否定形式,后者通过在后面加-ness,变成了名词。归纳起来,一般说前缀变词义(如肯否定),后缀变词性。只要记住这个原则,平时在学习是有意识的去检验,积累各种加前后缀的形式,你的单词量将是以倍数增加

第三,有的词是有"前科"的。就阅读这个题型而言,有的词是在文章中有提示的。英语写作有个潜在的规则,词语若非不得已,不要重复。这是同学们写作时,老是告诉大家的话,而这也是,大家做的阅读材料的作者在上学时,他的老师告诉他的话。秉承这个原则,我们可以在文章的结构平行出找到线索。或是反义词,或是近义词。根据文章的具体情况,同学们不难作出一个比较有针对性的选择。

第四,有些词是必学的。这里说得必学的就是,大纲要求的单词(如初中的1600词),平时做题总是遇到的单词,生活中会经常遇到的单词。这些词是同学们发挥才智,施展所有做题技巧的基础。在学这些单词时,要做到,有方法、有计划、有恒心。这里我提供一个自己觉得不错的方法,单词表上的词分类,单独把不会的列出来,分批背,不用太急,一天5个,一周五天,一天总复习,一天总默写检查。平时总是遇到又不认识的,用一本笔记本把他们都记下来,划入单词表计划。生活中多观察,新闻,公示语,商标都是提高英语词汇的窗口。

2, 文章看不懂。

情况是这样的,"单词我都认识,文章说什么我就是看不懂。"也许有的同学会这样说。问题可能出在这里:

第一,单词不是真的都认识。其实也不难理解,大家打开字典,会发现几乎每一个单词都不是只有一个释义。有这样问题的同学所说的认识,也许只是这些单词的一个意思,有可能在文段中考查的是他的另一个意思。这类情况,我们称为"熟词生义"。要解决它,就把他当个生词来处理就行了。唯一不同的是,同学们对这类词的处理要跟注重在语境中理解,这样才能更好的区分不同词义。

第二,语法句式不熟。这个原因更普遍一些。阅读中的句子有的是很长的,有的是很怪异的。长的可能是加了从句,(主语从句、宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句)怪的则有可能是倒装,悬垂修饰,插入语,这些语法点。解决这个就是要解决语法弱项,认真学好每个语法现象,多去用学过的语法去分析英语句子,久而久之就会很快的反应出是什么语法现象了。

第三,没看到重点。现在中学英语考试中的文章还是有规律的,他们基本上都是段首写该段的中心,后面论述。文章则是第一段,最后一段容易提出作者的观点。在处理好这些部分外,还要注意文段中表示转折的句子,其标志词常常是but,while,however, in spite of this等。

3, 文章看不完。

考试时时间总是过的太快,阅读有经常是花时间最多的题型。在我自己上学过程中不管是平时的测验,还是中考,高考,研究生考试中,交卷时总有同学还在忙着从阅读没做完的遗憾中醒来,匆忙的把答案写在答题卡上。要是问起原因,得到的答案大多数都是,"阅读花了太多时间。"提高阅读速度大致有这样几条小建议:

第一,平时多读,多读好处有很多,如①考试时能够不紧张,以平和的心态,正常的速度完成。②总结做题技巧,如定位法,上下文联系法,排除法等。③提高反应速度,我们看到一个生词需要花一定的时间去反应,当一个人经常见到某个词时,他对这个词的反应速度必定会很快。加入一个词的反应时间能通过多读缩短0.1秒,一篇文章会节省多少时间,一份试卷,有能节约多少时间呢?

第二,考试时少读。考试时的阅读如果归类于平时练习的题型,它更侧重泛读。考试考察是同学们在规定时间内找到要求的信息的能力,不是复述文章细节的能力。那考试时读什么呢?大致有一下几类:①中心句,中心段(首尾)②转折句③问题中出现的词,尤其是一些很有特点的词如,专有名词。在文段中快速找到相应词语所在位置。问题的答案往往就在附近。也许这也像是一句老话那样,"毒蛇出没的地方,七步之内必有解药。"

第三,平时多去积累不同题型的解决方法。如细节题--定位法,观点题--中心句法。在考试中遇到题目,能够对症下药。

4, 题目做不对。

考试后,总会有同学说,"文章我都看懂了,怎么还错这么多呀?"这时候与其去怀疑答案的权威性,还不如静下心好好分析一下,我真看懂了吗?我看懂的是问题问的内容吗?

1.如果没真的看懂,是什么原因,如果是上面三条之一,不妨试试上面的一些方法。

2.如果真看懂了,那么看懂的是不是考卷要考察的内容呢?我们总会有这种心理,在看懂了一些不是很容易看懂的东西后,就很有成就感,就突然觉得这篇文章我理解了,然后就会在自己的理解和诠释下答题。这时候是最容易出错的,因为这时候我们已经不是在做客观题,而是做主观题。阅读考查的是读者对作者意图的接受程度,这就要求同学们身于其中,有置于其外。不能有太多的发挥。

3.如果都不是,那么就要问问自己题目看懂了吗?考试有些题目稍不留心就会看错,最常见的就是,According to the passage, which of the following satements is not true? 同学们在考场上很容易就看错。

我们恨阅读的原因大致就是这些了,如果我们能针对具体的问题解决他。相信大家都不会再想去恨一个题了吧?尤其当这个题还是考试中的重点,又能大家成为英语考试中的佼佼者时。希望我的一点小建议能够对大家有点帮助!

『陆』 中考英语阅读理解和完形填空的方法技巧

学习过程

一. 阅读理解

阅读理解:在中考中占的比重很大。阅读理解能力属于语言的领会技能。包括对书面语言的识别、理解、推理、判断和快速记忆等几个方面。不仅仅涉及到语音、语法、词汇这些语言因素、还涉及到非语言因素,即:阅读者对所学语言国家的社会和文化背景知识的掌握、对所读材料内容的熟悉、个人经历、生活常识、逻辑知识和语言修养等各方面。阅读技巧之一是阅读时要扩大视距。二是不要心读或朗读;三是要理解段落或文章的细节。四是要学会猜测词义,五要理解中心思想。六要具备合理推理和判断的能力。

初中阶段阅读题重点考查的内容是事实认定、词语理解、数量计算,主要思想归纳等。而从考查方式来看,则以直接型、转换型和归纳型的试题为主,需要依据文章事实和作者思路进行推理的题次之。

文章主旨和大意的考查。这类试题主要是考查对文章的理解程度,考查内容包括作者的写作目的,文章的中心思想等内容。考生只有读懂全文,才能选出正确答案。

细节和事实的考查。做此类试题一定要抓住事件发生的时间、地点、人物、发展过程和结局等环节,所选答案一定要符合原文,切不可望文生义。

词义或句义的考查。这些词句往往具有深层意义,要透过表层意义来理解深层意义,或根据句子的语法关系分析其含义,要反复琢磨,仔细推敲,弄清作者的真正意图,从而选择正确答案。遇到生词,要根据上下文和一定的构词法知识,如前缀、后缀来分析、判断、猜测其词形和含义。

结论或推论性考查。这类考题答案的选择往往无所谓正确与错误之别,而是最佳与非最佳之别。因此,须读懂通篇文章,弄懂作者的写作要旨,按照文章的内容和逻辑关系,做出符合原文逻辑或主旨的结论或推论,才能选出最佳答案。

拟选题目考查。一篇文章究竟应加一个什么样的题目为最佳,主要取决于文章的内容,英语文章标题的特点一般多以短语或简单句为主。选择标题的一般标准是:一要切题,即能够概括出全文的主旨;二要简洁,即文字要简单明了。

阅读理解题型介绍

1. 选择答案型阅读理解

2. 判断正误型阅读理解

3. 完成句子型阅读理解

4. 回答问题型阅读理解

阅读理解解题指导:

1. 客观信息题

所谓"客观信息",是指在短文中客观存在的事实,客观信息的答案一般都可以在原文中找到。完成客观信息题应注意以下三点:

(1)辨认事实,注意细节

(2)同义转换,着重内涵

(3)把握数据,注意推算

在有关数据推算的试题中,根据短文所提供的数据进行必要的运算时所涉及的数学知识一般都比较简单,关键在于理解原文。

2. 主观判断题

一般来说,这类问题都不可能直接从原文中找到答案,必须根据原文提供的有关信息,进行合理的推理和判断才能回答。完成主观判断题能常应注意以下四点:

(1)运用常识,合理判断

(2)根据情景,进行猜测

(3)利用情景,举一反三

(4)纵观全文,概括大意

3. 细节辨认题

文章的中心思想或主题是通过一系列的事实、细节来说明和支持的,要透彻地理解段落、文章的中心思想,就必须理解文章中的重要事实和细节。只有真正理解了全部细节,才能深刻地领悟大意,理解短文细节分下面三个步骤:

(1)首先找出文章或段落的中心思想。文章的中心思想主要体现在首句和尾句中,有时在文中的某一句话当中。

(2)寻找重要的事实与细节,不是所有的事实和细节都重要,那些与中心思想有关的事实和细节才重要。

(3)检查已确定的事实与细节,看它们是否支持中心思想。如果这些事实与细节不能支持中心思想,就说明原来所确定的中心思想不明确或者这些事实和细节没有找准。

属于细节类的阅读理解题一般只针对某个特定的细节,题型可以多种多样,没有固定模式。常见的设题方式有:

(1)Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

(2)All the following statements are not true except.

(3)Which of the following facts is not mentioned in the supporing details?

4. 词汇障碍题

在中考阅读题中,考生遇到的最大障碍往往有两个:一是被已认识的单词的某一熟知含义所误导;二是被完全不认识的单词的意思所阻碍,从而出现理解偏差或理解困难,影响阅读的速度。其实解决这两个困难的一个重要法宝是考生在心目中树立起上下文观念,用上下文去确定词汇的含义。在阅读解题时要注意从以下七个方面着手:

(1)根据定义或解释、说明猜测生词的词义

在be,be called,call等判断词出现的判断句中,可以根据已知部分,猜测生词的含义。例如:

A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.

通过理解定语从句的意思,能猜出carpenter是"木匠"

(2)根据对比关系猜测生词的词义

在but,however,yet,otherwise,though这些表示意义转折的连词出现的句子中,其前后的词有明显的对比关系,根据已知的内容,通过这种对比关系,就很容易猜出生词的词义了。例如:

Though Tom's face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.

和clean意思相对的便是"肮脏的"了,因此可猜出句中grubby的意思是"肮脏的"

(3)通过因果关系猜测词义

because, since与as是连接原因状语从句的从属连词,so是连接表示结果的状语从句的连词,so...that与such...that中的that是连接结果状语从句的。当这些信息词出现在有生词的句子中,通过因果关系,依据已知部分就能猜出生词的词义。例如:

She wanted the rdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.

根据because从句所讲的意思,我们就可推测trim就是"修剪"之意

(4)根据生活常识猜测词义

运用逻辑推理能力,自身的生活经验及生活常识。再联系上下文能读懂的部分,可以正确猜出词义。例如:

Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold.

根据句子意思及生活经验,wither表示"枯萎"

(5)根据同等关系猜测词义

同等关系,指的是一个词,一组词或短语在句中作同一成分,而且它们的词义都属于同一范畴。明显的标志是,这样的词组或短语中间常常用并列连词and或or来连接。例如:

At forty-two he was in his prime and always full of energy.

从"年龄42岁"以及与prime具有同等关系的full of energy可以猜出prime的意思是"盛年时期"。

(6)根据列举的事例猜测词义

You can take any of the periodicals: "The World of English"."Foreign Language Teaching in Schools", or "English Learning".

从后面列举的例子中,可以猜出periodical是"期刊,杂志"的意思。

(7)根据构词法知识猜测词义

根据学过的构词法知识,知道词根和前缀或后缀的意义,就可猜出由它们组成的新词词义。例如:

The colors of Hawaii in Summer are unforgettable.

利用构词法常识和我们已熟悉的词forget,我们可以知道unforgettable就是"令人难忘的"意思。

阅读理解解题步骤:

1. 浏览全文,捕捉信息。要求考生通过浏览全文,掌握其大意了解作者的观点和写作意图。

2. 细读思考题,分析信息。通读(浏览全文)短文后,已对文章或段落大意有所了解再读考题,对要捕捉的信息进行分析、推理,这样便可先解答与主题思想有关的问题。

3. 复读全文,抓住细节。带着问题去复读,可缩小复读的范围,更便于捕捉关键的信息。复读时可边读边用铅笔做些标记,把有关的人物、事件、时间、地点、起因(即5W:who, what, when, where, why)划出来。例如:凡逢人物就圈起来,看完一遍,有几个圈就是几个人,一目了然。经过这样的处理,你对文章的内容和细节便清楚了,对其中矛盾的产生、发展和解决心里就会有底了。

另外,在复读全文时,还应特别注意首段或每一自然段的首句,以及结尾句。因为短文的首句和首段往往是作者要说明的对象或事件的起因;作者阐述自己的观点或事件发生的时间、地点与人物的联系。结尾句、段是事件的结论或作者表达的态度、意图、目的等。这样一来便容易抓住中心,为准确、快速地解题打下良好的基础。

4. 解答问题,选定答案。对那些明显的,有把握的题可以断然圈定。遇到不会做的问题可暂时不做,把每个问题阅读完毕,等会做的题已做完,然后再回头做剩下的题目。在做题时,如果遇到困难,再重新查阅。这次重读,要针对问题的要求,抓住重点,一次求得正确答案。

5. 再读全文,核对答案。这是最后一步,也是重要的一步,不能疏忽。这一步骤要用全文的主题思想统率各考题,把我们在阅读和答题时所得到的信息归纳整理一遍后重新再读一遍短文检查答案,看是否前后一致;意义和语言知识是否和原文相符;是否符合逻辑等。发现前后矛盾、遗漏要点等错误,要立即纠正。

要注意的是,改正原来选定的答案,一定要慎之又慎。一定要有充分的理由,才可改前答

『柒』 中考英语阅读理解

1.审视标题,抓住中心
试题中有的文章有标题,有的没有,拟题人是有所考虑的。标题是文章主题的高度凝聚。它能给我们启发和想象,想象文章的内容和走向。这样做有利于对文章的理解,能提高做题的效率。
2.浏览全文,掌握全貌
如果时间紧,至少要快速通读全文,尤其是首两段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来,这样全文的梗概便一目了然了。
3.细读题目,抓住要点
对整篇短文内容有了一定的了解后,要马上看短文后的问题,带着问题去选择或判断答案。要确定所需查找的信息范围,并注意所查找信息的特点。例如:如果问题或选项涉及到人名、地名,就应该找首字母大写的单词;如果问题或选项涉及时间、日期、数字,就应该寻找具体的数据。另外还要注意试题难易,应暂时绕开那些少数较难的题目,先做最有把握、最熟悉的题目,也就是该类题可以直接或间接从文章中找到的。而对于那些要通过对文章归纳判断、逻辑推理的题目,需要再对全文快速阅读,仔细分析思考,反复比较、推敲选出正确答案。若文章短可先读短文,后看文后题目;如果文章太长,你可以先把文章后面的问题看一遍,带着问题去看文章。这样可以帮助你去掉杂念,提高阅读速度和解题的正确性。要善于找关键句,特别要注意文章的第一段和最后一段的头一句话,往往就是关键句,可以帮助你掌握文章的全貌,理解文章的主题。此外,还应该细读文章,因为有时的试题是考细节。可以边读边用铅笔做点标记,把有关的画出来。凡逢人物就圈起来,看完一数,有几个圈就是几个人,一目了然。

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