英语阅读十大意识
⑴ 做英语阅读理解的重要词汇
高考阅读高频词汇
1.alter v. 改变,改动,变更
2.burst vi.n. 突然发生,爆裂
3.dispose vi. 除掉;处置;解决;处理(of)
4.blast n. 爆炸;气流 vi. 炸,炸掉
5.consume v. 消耗,耗尽
6.split v. 劈开;割裂;分裂 a.裂开的
7.spit v. 吐(唾液等);唾弃
8.spill v. 溢出,溅出,倒出
9.slip v. 滑动,滑落;忽略
10.slide v. 滑动,滑落 n. 滑动;滑面;幻灯片
11.bacteria n. 细菌
12.breed n. 种,品种 v. 繁殖,产仔
13.budget n. 预算 v. 编预算,作安排
14.candidate n. 候选人
15.campus n. 校园
16.liberal a. 慷慨的;丰富的;自由的
17.transform v. 转变,变革;变换
18.transmit v. 传播,播送;传递
19.transplant v. 移植
20.transport vt. 运输,运送 n. 运输,运输工具
21.shift v. 转移;转动;转变
22.vary v. 变化,改变;使多样化
23.vanish vi. 消灭,不见
24.swallow v. 吞下,咽下 n. 燕子
25.suspicion n. 怀疑,疑心
26.suspicious a. 怀疑的,可疑的
27.mild a. 温暖的,暖和的;温柔的,味淡的
28.tender a. 温柔的;脆弱的
29.nuisance n. 损害,妨害,讨厌(的人或事物)
30.insignificant a. 无意义的,无足轻重的;无价值的
31.accelerate vt. 加速,促进
32.absolute a. 绝对的,无条件的;完全的
33.boundary n. 分界线,边界
34.brake n. 刹车,制动器 v. 刹住(车)
35.catalog n. 目录(册) v. 编目
36.vague a. 模糊的,不明确的
37.vain n. 徒劳,白费
38.extinct a. 绝灭的,熄灭的
39.extraordinary a. 不平常的,特别的,非凡的
40.extreme a. 极度的,极端的 n. 极端,过分
41.agent n. 代理人,代理商;动因,原因
42.alcohol n. 含酒精的饮料,酒精
43.appeal n./vi. 呼吁,恳求
44.appreciate vt. 重视,赏识,欣赏
45.approve v. 赞成,同意,批准
46.stimulate vt. 刺激,激励
47.acquire vt. 取得,获得;学到
48.accomplish vt .完成,到达;实行
49.network n. 网状物;广播网,电视网;网络
50.tide n. 潮汐;潮流
51.tidy a. 整洁的,整齐的
52.trace vt. 追踪,找到 n. 痕迹,踪迹
53.torture n./vt. 拷打,折磨
54.wander vi. 漫游,闲逛
55.wax n. 蜡
56.weave v. 织,编
57.preserve v. 保护,保存,保持,维持
61. abuse v. 滥用,虐待;谩骂
62. academic a. 学术的;高等院校的;研究院的
63. academy n. (高等)专科院校;学会
64. battery n. 电池(组)
65. barrier n. 障碍;棚栏
66. cargo n. (船、飞机等装载的)货物
67. career n. 生涯,职业
68. vessel n. 船舶;容器,器皿;血管
69. vertical a. 垂直的
70. oblige v. 迫使,责成;使感激
71. obscure a. 阴暗,模糊
72. extent n. 程度,范围,大小,限度
73. exterior n. 外部,外表 a. 外部的,外表的
74. external a. 外部的,外表的,外面的
75. petrol n. 汽油
76. petroleum n. 石油
77. delay vt./n. 推迟,延误,耽搁
78. decay vi. 腐烂,腐朽
79. decent a. 像样的,体面的
80. route n. 路;路线;航线
81. ruin v. 毁坏,破坏 n. 毁灭,[pl.]废墟
82. sake n. 缘故,理由
83. satellite n. 卫星
84. scale n. 大小,规模;等级;刻度
85. temple n. 庙宇
86. tedious a. 乏味道,单调的
87. tend vi.易于,趋向
88. tendency n.趋向,趋势
89. ultimate a. 极端的,最大的,最终的 n. 极端
90. undergo v. 经历,遭受
91. abundant a. 丰富的,充裕的,大量的
92. adopt v. 收养;采用;采纳
93. adapt vi. 适应,适合;改编,改写 vt. 使适应
94. bachelor n. 学士,学士学位;单身汉
95. casual a. 偶然的,碰巧的;临时的;非正式的
96. trap n. 陷阱,圈套 v. 设陷阱捕捉
97. vacant a. 空的,未占用的
98. vacuum n. 真空,真空吸尘器
99. oral a. 口头的,口述的,口的
101. organ n. 器官,风琴
102. excess n. 过分,过量,过剩
103. expel v. 驱逐,开除,赶出
104. expend v. 消费
105. expenditure n. 支出,消费;经费
106. expense n. 开销,费用
107. expensive a. 花钱多的;价格高贵的
108. expand v. 扩大,扩张;展开,膨胀
109. expansion n. 扩大,扩充;发展,膨胀
110. private a. 私人的,个人的
111. indivial a. 个别的,单独的 n. 个人,个体
112. personal a. 个人的,私人的;亲自的
114. personnel n. [总称]人员,员工;人事部门
115. the Pacific Ocean 太平洋
116. the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋
117. the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋
118. the Antarctic Ocean 南冰洋
119. grant vt. 授予,同意,准予
119. grand a. 宏伟大,壮丽的,重大的
120. invade v. 侵入,侵略,侵袭
121. acid n. 酸,酸性物质 a. 酸的;尖刻的
122. acknowledge v. 承认;致谢
123. balcony n. 阳台
124. calculate vt. 计算,核算
125. calendar n. 日历,月历
126. optimistic a. 乐观
127. optional a. 可以任选的,非强制的
128. outstanding a. 杰出的,突出的,显著的
129. export n. 出口(物) v. 出口,输出
130. import n. 进口(物) v. 进口,输入
131. impose vt. 把...加强(on);采用,利用
132. religion n. 宗教,宗教信仰
133. religious a. 宗教的
134. victim n. 牺牲品,受害者
135. video n. 电视,视频 a. 电视的,录像的
136. videotape n. 录像磁带 v. 把...录在录像带上
137. offend v. 冒犯,触犯
138. bother v. 打搅,麻烦
139. interfere v. 干涉,干扰,妨碍
140. internal a. 内部的,国内的
141. beforehand ad. 预先,事先
142. racial a. 人种的种族的
143. radiation n. 放射物,辐射
144. radical a.根本的;激进的
145. range n. 幅度,范围 v. (在某范围内)变动
146. wonder n. 惊奇,奇迹 v. 想知道,对...感到疑惑
147. isolate vt. 使隔离,使孤立
148. issue n. 问题,争论点;发行,(报刊)一期
149. hollow a. 空的,中空的,空虚道
150. hook n. 钩 vt. 钩住
151. adequate a. 适当地;足够
152. adhere vi. 粘附,附着;遵守,坚持
153. ban vt. 取缔,禁止
154. capture vt. 俘虏,捕获
155. valid a. 有效的,有根据的;正当的
156. valley n. 山谷,峡谷
157. consistent a. 坚固定;一致的,始终如一的
158. continuous a. 继续的,连续(不断)的
159. continual a. 不断地,频繁的
160. explode v. 爆炸;爆发;激增
161. exploit v. 剥削;利用,开采
162. explore v. 勘探
163. explosion n. 爆炸;爆发;激增
164. explosive a. 爆炸的;极易引起争论的
165. remote a. 遥远的,偏僻的
166. removal n. 除去,消除
167. render vt. 使得,致使
167. render vt.呈递, 归还, 着色, 汇报, 致使, 放弃, 表演, 实施 vi.给予补偿 n.交纳, 粉刷, 打底
168. precaution n. 预防,防备,警惕
169. idle a. 懒散的,无所事事的
170. identify vt. 认出,鉴定
171. identify n. 身份;个性,特性
172. poverty n. 贫穷
173. resistant a. (to)抵抗的,抗...的,耐...的
174. resolve vt. 解决;决定,决意
175. barrel n. 桶
176. bargain n. 便宜货 vi. 讨价还价
177. coarse a. 粗的,粗糙的,粗劣的
178. coach n. 教练;长途公共汽车
179. code n. 准则,法规,密码
180. coil n. 线圈 v. 卷,盘绕
181. alt n. 成年人
182. advertise v. 为...做广告
183. advertisement n. 广告
184. agency n. 代理商,经销商
185. focus v.(使)聚集 n. 焦点,中心,聚焦
186. forbid vt. 不许,禁止
187. debate n./v. 辩论,争论
188. debt n. 欠债
189. decade n. 十年
190. enclose vt. 围住;把...装入信封
191. encounter vt./n. 遭遇,遭到
192. globe n. 地球,世界;地球仪
193. global a. 全球的;总的
194. scan vt. 细看;扫描;浏览
195. scandal n. 丑事,丑闻
196. significance n. 意义;重要性
197. subsequent a. 随后的,后来的
198. virtue n. 美德,优点
199. virtual a. 实际上的,事实上的
200. orient vt. 使适应,(to,toward)使朝向 n. 东方
201. portion n. 一部分
202. target n. 目标,靶子 vt. 瞄准
203. portable a. 手提式的
204. decline v. 拒绝,谢绝;下降
205. illusion n. 错觉
206. likelihood n. 可能,可能性
207. stripe n. 条纹
208. emphasize vt. 强调,着重
209. emotion n. 情感,感情
210. emotional a. 感情的,情绪(上)的
211. awful a. 极坏的,威严的,可怕的
212. awkward a. 笨拙的,棘手的
213. clue n. 线索,提示
214. collision n. 碰撞,冲突
215. device n. 装置,设备
216. devise vt. 发明,策划,想出
217. inevitable a. 不可避免的
218. naval a. 海军的
219. navigation n. 航行
220. necessity n. 必需品;必要性
221. previous a. 先,前,以前的
222. provision n. [pl.]给养,口粮;准备,设备,装置
223. pursue vt. 追逐;追求;从事,进行
224. stale a. 不新鲜的,陈腐的
225. substitute n. 代用品 vt. 代替
226. deserve vt. 应受,应得,值得
227. discrimination n. 歧视;辨别力
228. professional a. 职业的,专门的
229. secure a. 安全的,可靠的
230. security n. 安全,保障
231. scratch v./n. 抓,搔,扒
232. talent n. 才能,天资;人才
233. insurance n. 保险,保险费
234. insure vt. 给...保险,保证,确保
235. nevertheless ad. 仍然,然而,不过
236. neutral a. 中立的,中性的
237. spot n. 地点;斑点 vt. 认出,发现;玷污
238. spray v. 喷,(使)溅散
239. medium a. 中等的,适中的 n. 媒介物,新闻媒介
240. media n. 新闻传媒
241. auxiliary a. 辅助的,备用的
242. automatic a. 自动的
243. compete vi. 竞争,比赛
244. competent a. 有能力的,能胜任的
245. competition n. 竞争,比赛
246. distribute vt. 分发
247. disturb vt. 打搅,妨碍
248. infer v. 推论,推断
249. integrate v.(使)成为一体,(使)合并
250. moist a. 潮湿
251. moisture n. 潮湿
252. promote vt. 促进;提升
253. region n. 地区;范围;幅度
254. register v./n.登记,注册
255. stable a. 稳定的
256. sophisticated a. 老于世故的,老练的;很复杂的
257. splendid a. 极好的,壮丽的,辉煌的
258. cancel vt. 取消,废除
259. variable a. 易变的,可变的
260. prospect n. 前景,前途;景象
261. prosperity n.兴旺,繁荣
262. aspect n. 方面;朝向;面貌
263. cope vi. (with)(成功地)应付,处理
264. core n. 果心,核心
265. maintain vt. 维持,保持;坚持,主张
266. mainland n. 大陆
267. discipline n. 纪律;惩罚;学科
268. domestic a. 本国的,国内的;家用的;家庭的
269. constant a. 不变的,恒定的 n. 常数
270. cliff n. 悬崖,峭壁
271. authority n. 权威;当局
272. audio a. 听觉
273. attitude n. 态度
274. community n. 社区,社会
275. commit vt.犯(错误,罪行等),干(坏事等)
276. comment n./vt. 评论
277. distinguish vt. 区分,辨别
278. distress n. 痛苦,悲伤 vt. 使痛苦
279. facility n. [pl.] 设备,设施;便利,方便
280. faculty n.能力,技能;系,学科/院;全体教员
281. mixture n. 混合,混合物
282. mood n. 心情,情绪;语气
283. moral a. 道德上的,有道德的
284. prominent a. 突出的
285. substance n. 物质;实质
286. substantial a. 可观的;牢固的;实质的
287. prompt vt. 促使 a. 敏捷的,及时的
288. vivid a. 生动的
289. vocabulary n. 词汇(量);词汇表
290. venture n. 风险投资,风险项目 v. 冒险;取于
291. version n. 版本,译本;说法
292. waist n. 腰,腰部
293. weld v./n. 焊接
294. yawn vi. 打哈欠
295. yield vi. (to)屈服于;让出,放弃 n. 产量
296. zone n. 地区,区域
297. strategy n. 战略,策略
298. strategic a. 战略(上)的,关键的
299. tense a. 紧张的 v. 拉紧 n. 时态
300. tension n. 紧张(状态),张力
301. avenue n. 林荫道,大街
302. available a. 现成可用的;可得到的
303. comparable a. (with,to)可比较的,类似的
304. comparative a. 比较的,相对的
305. dash vi. 猛冲,飞奔
306. data n. 数据,资料
307. dive vi. 跳水,潜水
308. diverse a. 不同的,多种多样的
309. entitle vt. 给...权利,给...资格
310. regulate vt. 管理,调节
311. release vt./n. 释放,排放;解释解脱
312. exaggerate v. 夸大,夸张
313. evil a. 邪恶的,坏的
314. shrink vi. 起皱,收缩;退缩
315. subtract v. 减(去)
316. suburb n. 市郊
317. subway n. 地铁
318. survey n./vt. 调查,勘测
319. wealthy a. 富裕的
320. adjust v. 调整,调节
321. attach vt. 系,贴;使附属
322. profit n. 利润,益处;v. 有益于,有利于
323. profitable a. 有利可图的
324. slope n. 斜坡,斜面
325. reinforce vt. 增强,加强
326. reject vt. 拒绝
327. fatal a. 致命的;重大的
328. fate n. 命运
329. humble a. 谦逊的;谦虚的
330. illegal a. 不合法的,非法的
331. award vt. 授予,判给 n. 奖品,奖金
332. aware a. 意识到
333. column n. 柱,圆柱;栏,专栏
334. comedy n. 喜剧
335. mb a. 哑的;沉默的
336. mp vt. 倾卸,倾倒
337. deaf a. 聋的;不愿听的
338. decorate vt. 装饰,装璜
339. principal a. 最重要的 n. 负责人,校长
340. principle n. 原则,原理
341. prior a. 优先的,在前的
342. priority n. 优先,重点
343. prohibit vt. 禁止,不准
344. remarkable a. 值得注意的,异常的,非凡的
345. remedy n./vt. 补救,医治,治疗
346. repetition n. 重复,反复
347. vain a. 徒劳的,无效的
348. undertake vt. 承担,着手做;同意,答应
349. unique a. 唯一的,独特的
350. obstacle n. 障碍(物),妨碍
351. odd a. 奇特的,古怪的;奇数的
352. omit vt. 省略
353. opponent n. 敌手,对手
354. opportunity n. 机会,时机
355. orchestra n. 管弦乐队
356. semester n. 学期;半年
357. semiconctor n. 半导体
358. seminar n. 研讨会
359. terminal a. 末端的,极限的 n. 终点
360. territory n. 领土
361. approximate a. 大概的,大约 v. 近似
362. arbitrary a. 随意的,未断的
363. architect n. 建筑师
364. architecture n. 建筑学
365. biology n. 生物学
366. geography n. 地理(学)
367. geology n. 地质学
368. geometry n. 几何(学)
369. arithmetic n. 算术
370. algebra n. 代数
371. entertainment n. 娱乐;招待,款待
372. enthusiasm n. 热情,热心
373. entry n. 进入,入口处;参赛的人(或物)
374. environment n. 环境
375. episode n. 插曲,片段
376. equation n. 方程(式)
377. restrain vt. 阻止,抑制
378. restraint n. 抑制,限制
379. resume v. (中断后)重新开始
380. severe a. 严重的
381. sexual a. 性的
382. simplicity n. 简单;朴素
383. simplify vt. 简化
384. sorrow n. 悲哀,悲痛
385. stuff n. 原料,材料 vt. 填进,塞满
386. temporary a. 暂时的,临时的
387. temptation n. 诱惑,引诱
388. terror n. 恐怖
389. thrust v. 挤,推,插
390. treaty n. 条约,协定
391. arise vi. 产生,出现,发生;起身
392. arouse vt. 引起,激起;唤醒
393. burden n. 重担,负荷
394. bureau n. 局,办事处
395. marvelous a. 奇迹般的,惊人的
396. massive a. 大的,大量的,大块的
397. mature a. 成熟的
398. maximum a. 最高的,最大的
399. minimum a. 最低的,最小的
400. nonsense n. 胡说,冒失的行动
⑵ 英语阅读技巧
考研英语阅读理解十大解题技巧精析
根据考研英语大纲的阅读技能要求和文章的特点以及题目设置的方式,可以将考研英语阅读理解的题型分为以下十种类型,针对不同题目类型总结出十大解题技巧:
(一)细节事实题
这是考研英语阅读中数量最多、也最重要的一种题型,可以从下列几个方面把握:
1. 题型特点
根据文章中具体细节信息做出提问。细节事实题的考查内容和形式可以归纳为二种类型:(1)According型:题干一般围绕5W和1H而展开。即who,what,where,when,why,how;(2)隐含的事实和细节型:需要在读懂全文的基础上,综合概括作者展示的各种细节。
2. 标志
(1)题干中明确提到人名、地名、数字时间等细节性信息;
(2)往往针对文章中可以定位的一句话或几句话设计问题;
(3)题干和选项之间有时是因果关系。
3. 关键词
包括数字、时间、专有名词——如人名、地名、学科名词或带引号的词。
4. 命题模式
According to the passage / the author,who(what,where,which,when,why,how etc。)
5. 做题关键:准确定位、返回原文。
(1)根据题干中的明确关键词返回原文;
(2)根据题干中的重点词或其同义词(如名词、动词、形容词等)返回原文;
(3)根据原文中的特殊语言现象,要善于利用因果、类比、时间、空间的关系将零碎的细节组成一个逻辑分明的有机体。如转折词but、however、yet等定位。
6. 做题步骤
(1)根据段落中主题句的名词粗略确定段落内容方向;
(2)利用题干提问的内容,大致定位对应的段落;
(3)利用题干中的重要信息词准确确定相关信息句,进行判断并确定细节题的正确答案。
7. 注意事项
干扰选项的特征:
(1)正反混淆选项的内容和作者在原文中提到的信息相反。
(2)偷换概念选项提到了原文的内容,但是却将原文对应部分中的另一个关键词或短语换成了意思不同的其他词汇。
(3)无中生有就是说选项中出现了原文没有提到或推导不出的形容词或名词。
(4)因果倒置选项中涉及的两部分之间的因果关系与原文所说的因果关系正好相反,将原文的因换成了果或者将原文的果换成了因。
(5)扩大范围将原文的特指(只适用于部分的情况)变为泛指(适用于全部的情况)。例如,在选项中出现表示泛指的复数名词作主语时,要注意该名词在原文的范围。如果选项中所说的情况只适用于主语所指的一部分,那么这一选项就是干扰选项。注意,上述干扰选项的特征也适用于判断其他题型的干扰选项。
(二)中心主旨题
该类题型考查了考生综合、概括、归纳和分析问题的能力,要求考生通过对文章的阅读,迅速把握文章或段落的中心主旨。该类题型在历年题型中出现的频率极高,每年必出。中心主旨题可以分为文章主旨和段落主旨两种。
1. 题型特点
命题方式中含有“main idea,subject,purpose”等词。
2. 标志
题干中出现下列词之一:best title,main idea,main problem,mainly about,mainly discuss,mainly deal with或问本文的写作目的的词(purpose,the author intends to…)。
3. 关键句
文章首段的句子以及各段的首末句。
4. 命题模式
(1)The passage is mainly about。
(2)Which of the following best reflects the main idea of the passage ?
(3)The best title for this passage might be。
(4)What is the main idea of the passage ?
5. 做题关键
这种题目应主要看篇章中的主题句或者是从篇章的结构入手,利用推理能力,对文章信息进行系统分析,归纳总结,从而得出主题。
6. 做题步骤
(1)运用宏观阅读技巧做题,就是根据文章结构判断主题。
(2)运用首段和首末句信息做题。就是说综合各段的首末句的内容,可以得出主题。注意:只看首段有时容易以偏概全,因为首段有时只是在引出文章主体之前起抛砖引玉的作用。
(3)运用写作方法做题。 2003年以后的文章,以报刊文章为主,文章首段常以类比、故事、今昔对比等方式引出主题。问文章使用的写作方法时,正确答案一般是类比等;问使用类比、故事、今昔对比等写作方法的目的时,正确答案是引出主题。
(4)运用快速构思成文法进行判断。在两个选项难以分辨时可以分别以它们为题,在脑海中快速构思两个写作提纲,若所构思提纲与原文内容大致吻合者为正确答案,否则为干扰选项。
(三)词汇题
1. 题型特点
词义题的考查有两种:一是超纲词含义的推断,另一个是熟词僻义或是在特定场合的意思。
2. 标志
题干中具体给出原文中某处的单词或短语,要求推测其意思。
3. 关键词
能帮助读者猜测词义的上下文线索通常有定义、重述、解释、举例、同义词或近义词、反义词或标点符号等等。如通常使用信号词,如 is,are,is(are) called,mean, refer to,known as 等来引导定义。
4. 命题模式
(1)The word “…”(in line…)most probably means 。
(2)From the passage,we can infer that the word “…”is 。
(3)From the first paragraph, we learn that。
5. 做题关键
注意单词所在的上下文,尤其是上下句。假如所考单词是常见词汇,那么其字面意思一定不是正确答案,要根据上下文得出其在特定场合更深刻的意思,该含义也许和其字面意思没有任何的关系。
猜测词义的方法:(1)构词法:根据词根,词缀判断词义;(2)词性加搭配:先判断生词在文章中的词性,再看它与哪些词语可以搭配,最后根据自己的常识推测;(3)找同义词、同义解释、反义词、反义解释:在上下文中找出生词的其他表示方法,由此推断其含义;(4)找同位词:上下文中有可能有类似生词出现的句子的平行结构,找出其中和生词处于同一位置的词去推测。
6. 做题步骤
(1)返回原文,找出该词汇出现的地方;
(2)注意结合上下文理解该单词的含义;
(3)如果该词汇是简单词汇,则其字面意思必然不是正确答案;
(4)词汇题的正确答案经常蕴藏在原文该词汇出现的附近。特别注意不能靠单词词义直接往下过分推理;
(5)寻找时要注意特殊标点、定语从句、构词的前后缀等,特别要注意寻找时的同性原则。例如,冒号前的词汇的意思可以由冒号后的部分归纳,破折号之后词汇的意思可以由破折号之前的部分推测;
(6)代入法。将确定的答案代入原文,看上下文逻辑是否通顺,如果通顺就是正确答案。
7. 注意事项
干扰项特点:(1)与所考词汇形似。(2)如果考的是熟词,含有常规词义的往往是错误选项。
(四)句子理解题
1. 标志
题干中给出原文中具体的一句话,要求理解其意思。
2. 命题模式
(1)By“…”,the writer means 。
(2)According to passage,what is “…”?
(3)By saying “…”the author implied that…
(4)The phrase(sentence)“…”(in line…)most probably means 。
3. 做题关键
做这类题时要立足于本句,借上下句帮助理解。
4. 做题步骤
返回原文找到所考的句子,找出句子的主干或看出作者所表达的态度,也可以利用微观阅读技巧,如标点符号或关联词对句子进行精确理解。
5. 注意事项
正确答案与原句之间是一个同义关系,其中一般不存在推理过程。干扰项特点:(1)根据命题原则,正确选项不会使用与原文过多相同的字眼,因此,对句子的解释中含有过多原句中已有的词和短语的选项一般是错误选项。(2)四个选项中与原句意思最接近的为正确答案,选项与原文之间没有任何推理过程。
(五)作者态度(观点)题
1. 题型特点
态度题是考研英语阅读中的一种重要题型,主要考查对文章中作者态度的辨别。作者态度大致分为两种:(1)支持或赞同;(2)中立或客观;(3)怀疑、批评或反对。
2. 标志
题干中有attitude或think,believe,deem,consider,regard等词汇,选项中是一些表示态度的名词或形容词。
3. 关键词
可以反映作者观点的动词、形容词等。
4. 命题模式
作者态度题:
(1)The author is most critical of 。
(2)Which of the following can best describe the attitude of the author towards…?
作者观点题:
(1)What is the author’s idea about?
(2)The author believes that 。
5. 做题关键、技巧
(1)不要把自己的态度揉入其中,还要注意区分考查是作者的态度还是作者引用别人的态度。
(2)当作者的态度没有明确提出时,要学会根据作者在文章中所运用的具有褒贬含义的语言去判断作者的态度,如,wonderfully, successfully, unfortunately, doubtfully 等。
(3)某一事物是好是坏,作者对它是支持是反对,态度一般都很明确,而带中立色彩的词最不可能是正确答案。问作者对某事物的态度时,表示“客观”的词多为正确选项,如objective, impartial, unbiased 等;问作者对文中提到的人物或他们的观点态度时,答案多是肯定或否定,支持或反对。如,critical, approval, opposed, supporting 等。
(4)既然作者写了文章,他的态度就不可能是漠不关心的,因此见到indifferent, uninterested 可以首先排除。
6. 注意事项
解答态度观点题应注意以下几点:
(1)区别作者的态度与其他人的态度。
(2)下列选项一般为干扰选项:indifferent(冷漠的),subjective(主观的),biased(有偏见的),puzzling(令人感到迷惑的)。
(六)文章态度(观点)题
1. 题型特点
问文中某人对某事物的态度。作为作者态度题的一种新形式,命题也开始注重考查文章中某人对某事的观点和态度。
2. 标志和关键词
题干中常有attitude,opinion,tone等。选项可能不再是态度明确的肯定或否定的词,而改为带有程度限制的词语。比如guarded(慎重的),qualified(有条件的,有限制的),reserved(有保留的),tempered(温和的,缓和的)。
3. 命题模式
(1)What is the tone(mood)of “…” ?
(2)What is “…” opinion about?
4. 做题关键
要注意区分作者的态度与其他人的态度。因为持有保留态度的观点比较客观,往往是正确答案。文章陈述的内容并非都是作者的观点,要注意区分,这是命题最具有迷惑性的地方。因此,作者引用别人的观点时,是作为支持或抨击的对象,别人的观点通常是为了证明作者的论据来给出的。
5. 注意事项
这类试题与作者态度题不同,作者观点一般与文章主旨相关联,而文章某人的观点则不一定紧密相关。一般带有绝对化或过于强烈的词修饰的选项必错。比如:strongly,completely,entirely,enthusiasticly等。
(七)推理题
1. 题型特点
该题型最大的两个特点:(1)文章中往往没有答题的依据;(2)一旦文中有依据,往往A,B,C,D表面上都对,很难判断谁是谁非。
正确项特点:(1)不是文中明确说明的内容,因为即使符合原文,没有引申或归纳总结的内容就不是正确选项;(2)如果四个选项全能凭常识判断,其中含义深刻的是正确选项,有时唯一不是常识项的是正确选项。
干扰项的特点:(1)只是原文的简单复述,而非推断出来的结论,把直接表达当成间接推理;(2)看似从原文推断出来的结论,然而实际上与原文不符,例如把原文的原因变成了选项中的结果,把原文的手段变成了选项中的目的;(3)根据常识判断是正确的,然而不是在文章事实或上下文逻辑基础上推理而得出的观点,因此,考生要注意不能根据自己的主观想法或生活经验去推理,因为命题者考查的是考生理解作者意图的能力;(4)虽然以文章提供的事实或内在逻辑为推理依据,但推理过头,概括过度;(5)有部分选项的内容纯属编造,无中生有。
抓住三错一对的关系,即有三个选项与原文相矛盾,只有一个符合原文的意思。
2. 标志
题干中出现下列词汇之一:infer,conclude,imply,suggest,learn等。
3. 命题模式
推理引申题题干中常有infer,imply,suggest,dece,indicate,conclude等词出现,常见的命题模式有:
(1)It can be inferred from the first paragraph that…
(2)Which of the following can(not)be inferred from the passage?
(3)The author indicates in the passage that 。
(4)It can be concluded from the passage that 。
(5)We can infer(assume ,dece) that。
(6)By…the author implied (suggests, indicates) that。
4. 做题关键
返回原文,将选项与原文一一进行比较。
5. 做题步骤
推理题的答案一般是这么编写的:
(1)将原文的某句话换个说法,如换成同义词。
(2)将原文几句话或一段话归纳一下,就是说以段落主题或句群的论点为答案。
(3)由构成对比的一方推断另一方。如果原文中提到两个事物,二者形成对比,而且已知其中一个事物的特点,那么可以推断另一事物的特点。所以,找推理题的答案时要特别注意原文表示对比、比较或有转折的地方,这些往往是出推理题的地方。
(4)根据作者的态度进行推理。推理题如果涉及态度,一般应与作者的态度一致。正确答案应该支持作者的观点或驳斥与作者相反的观点。
6. 注意事项
(1)考生在浏览全文时,一要留意那些似乎话中有话的间接表达句。它们往往采用说半句、打比喻、反过来讲的方式,留有让考生自己作结论或推理的余地。二是留意含义深刻或结构复杂的长难句型。考生对作者表达的意思不能一下子看透,它们往往是命题点所在。
(2)根据题干的关键词迅速搜索定位以便确定推理依据的范围,利用语法、词汇、语境线索,了解单句的含义,弄清上下文的逻辑关系,然后按题意进行推理。题目可能要求考生对某句话或数句话进行正确理解或释义,也可能从某句话或某段话中深刻理解,分析一些细节事实。
7. 新趋势
推理题按照难易可以分为:简单推理题和复杂推理题。而后一种推理题是近几年命题的趋势。
(八)例证题
1. 题型特点
该题型要求考生(1)区分论点和论据;(2)理解文章的总体结构以及单句之间、段落之间的关系:主要是考察考生通过段落、句子来推测文章的主旨、支持的观点等。
2. 标志
题干中出现下列词汇之一:case,example,illustration,demonstration,exemplify,illustrate,demonstrate。
3. 命题模式
(1)The case of…demonstrated that。
(2)The author wants to prove the example of…that。
(3)The example of…is used to show 。
4. 做题关键
重要找出例子所支持的论点,而不是看是否完全理解例子本身的含义。一般例子支持它之前的论点,段落性的例子(涉及整个段落的例子)说明段落主题(一般位于段首或段落首尾两处),全文性的例子(涉及两个或两个以上段落)说明全文主题。
5. 做题步骤
(1)返回原文定位该例子;
(2)一般向例子前(有时向例子后)寻找该例子所支持的论点;
(3)与所找到的论点意思最接近的选项为正确答案。
6. 注意事项
干扰选项的特征:就事论事。
(九)指代题
1. 题型特点
指代题主要考察考生整体理解文章的能力,并推断出该处指代词所代表的含义。
2. 标志
在题干中明确指出原文中某处的指代词要求辨别其指代关系,常考的指代词有it,that,one。
3. 做题关键
返回原文定位该指代词。
4. 做题步骤
(1)返回原文找出该代词所在的句子,并且仔细分析,正确理解该可话;
(2)向上搜索,找出离该代词最近的名词、短语或句子,以之替换该代词,看句子是否通顺;
(3)在四个选项中找出与所找到的名词、短语或句子意思最接近的一个作为正确答案。
(十)判断题
1. 标志
题干为下列两种形式之一:
(1)Which of the following statements is(not) mentioned /true /correct?
(2)All of the following statements are mentioned /true /correct except…
2. 做题步骤
(1)先判断是三错一对还是三对一错。所谓“对”是指符合原文意思或作者态度,而所谓“错”是指和原文相矛盾、与作者态度相反,或原文未提及的信息。
(2)返回原文,找到各选项所对应的原文,将它们与原文一一进行比较,切忌凭印象进行判断。注意:这种题的选项有时考查的是集中于某段的信息或者具备一些共同的特征,所以做题时可以先看一下四个选项,找出其中的共同点,再返回原文定位。
3. 注意事项
文章中容易出现考点的地方:(1)转折处(2)最高级后面(3)带有褒贬义的句子(4)虚拟语气的句子(5)长难句
⑶ 有关英语阅读理解的
如何分析题目
从题目部分来看,考生需要学会自己去“专业地分析题目”。平时我们做完题目只是感叹一番,那是远远不够的。建议考生从以下几个方面来通过题目研究从而提高应试能力:
第一,分析错误原因。很多人把错误归结为简单的粗心或者是文章理解不深,这是很不到位的总结。一定要注意,错误是一种规律,不同的人往往错在不同类的题目。我们需要把错误分类,只有问题更加细化明确,我们才能有的放矢的改正提高。比如,有的同学经常因为不看重表示程度的形容词或副词而导致错误,这类同学写作文时往往倾向于简单的语句,主要依靠名词和动词完成表意,他们只要在写作时有意识地运用形容词副词就能既提高写作的精确度,又能自然而然解决这类阅读题目的错误。
第二,分析出题角度。我们复习的过程事实上是不断了解考点的过程,如果我们能知道每个题目在考什么知识点,那么我们就超越了考试本身,这方面经过一定的训练就能做到。
第三,联系多年题目。做过很多题目后,要对重点题目留下深刻印象,并且把不同年份的题目联系起来,这能让我们对考试走向、出题规律有比较精准的把握。
另外,当你单词不会的时候,一定要勤于翻翻字典或词典,一定要呀!因为,当你不懂时,你的注意力是最为集中,这个时候记忆,效果最佳!
⑷ 跪求50篇英语阅读理解题(带答案)
(2)
No.4 middle School
Kunming ,yunnan
April 2nd ,2004
Dear editor (编辑) ,
I live in a beautiful city . Many visitors come to my city . there are so many colorful peacocks (孔雀) here .
The peacocks mostly live on the grass land of Dongfeng Square
They are given food freely by visitors . They usually throw food to them , and don’t think about at all whether the food is right or not . Some of the peacocks became ill , some even died after eating the bad food given by the visitors.
I’m sure most of the visitors who throw food to the peacocks really like the birds , but don’t realize (意识到) that they may be doing them harm (伤害).
The visitors should be told that what have done is very harmful to the birds , and this kind of thing must be stopped from happening .
Perhaps we can build some small shops beside Dongfeng Square to sell peacock food . For us every person , it’s our ty to give more love to these beautiful birds and to look after them carefully.
Yours,
Sun Yan
()6.Many visitors come to the writer’s city to __________.
A. do some shopping B. see beautiful peacocks
C. play on Dongfeng square D. eat nice food
()7.Some peacocks became ill and died because some visitors ______;
A. did’t give them any food B. gave them too much food
C. threw them some bad food D. loved them and played with them
()8.Some shops can be built beside Dongfeng Square so that they may _____________.
A.sell food for visitors B. sell food for peacocks
C.make the square more beautiful D.have the beautiful birds
()9.From the passage we know people should __________.
A. live and play with the birds
B. stop the birds from eating too much
C. give right food to the birds
D. give more food to the birds
()10.We can guess the writer of the letter, Sun Yan , may be a _____.
A. visitor B. shopkeeper C.square keeper D. student
6-10:B C B C D
(3)
Every town in the United States has a post office . Some are very small , and you may also find them in the corner of a shop . Others are larger buildings . They are open five days a week and on Saturday mornings . From Monday through Friday they are usually open from 8:30 to 4:30 .
If you know how much the postage (邮资) is for your letter , you can buy stamps at any window. In some post offices you can buy stamps from machines . Stamps are sold many different prices , from one cent (美分) to many dollars . If you are not sure how much postage is for you letter , you may ask the man or the woman in the post office for help . he or she will give you the stamps you need . If you are sending your letter far away , you should use airmail envelopes (航空信封) . Remember that postage will be more expensive for a letter to be sent outside the country.
At a post office you can also buy postcards . A postcard is cheaper than a letter . Usually the price of postage for a postcard is about half that of a letter . The postcards that you buy at a post office do not have pictures . However ,also they are not to be sent outside the country .
Letters are an easy and cheap way to keep in touch with people in many different countries .
()11.The passage tell us that we can find ________ easily in the United States of America.
A. post office s B.large buildings
C.small shops D.different banks
()12.The post offices in the United States are open _________.
A.seven hours a day B.six hours a day
C.five hours a day D.eight hours a day
()13.If you are not sure how much postage is for your letter ,you can____.
A. go and buy stamps from the machine in the post officesend a cheap postcard instead of your letter
B. get in touch with somebody you know in the post office
C.ask the man or the woman in the post office for help
()14.The price of postage for ________ is more expensive.
A.a beautiful postcard B.a letter written on envelope
C.a letter by airmail D.a postcard with pictures
()15.The passage tells us something about ________ in the USA
A.the post B.the postage C.letters D.postcards
11-15 A D D C A
(4)
Long, long ago there was a very foolish thief. Do you know what he did one day? When he wanted to steal(偷) the bell on his neighbour’s door, he walked up to the door, took hold of(抓住) the bell and pulled hard. The bell made a very loud noise. The thief was afraid and went home.
Then he sat down to think, “I must do something about the noise,” he said. He thought and thought. At last he had an idea. “Ah, I’ll put some cotton in my ears. Then I won’t be able to hear the noise.” The next day he went to the door of his neighbour, and took hold of the bell. This time he pulled even harder. The bell rang loudly, but the thief did not hear anything. With another hard pull he got the bell out. Just then the neighbour came running out.
“Steal my bell? I’ll teach you a lesson(教训),” the angry man shouted. And he hit the thief on the nose.
The foolish thief did not know how the neighbour found out he was stealing the bell. “Why did he come out just then?” he wondered (感到疑惑).
( )16. The thief was trying to get .
A. his neighbour B. his neighbour’s doorbell
C. some cotton D. a door with a bell on it
( )17. The thief put some cotton in his ears. He thought it would be for him to steal the doorbell.
A. safe B. difficult C. dangerous D. easy
( )18. The neighbour ran out probably(很可能) because .
A. he knew his doorbell was being stolen
B. he thought someone was eager (渴望的) to visit him
C. he realized (意识到) something strange happened
D. Both B and C
( )19. The neighbour hit the thief to .
A. give him lessons B. punish (惩罚) him for stealing
C. help him with the bell D. be his teacher
( )20. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. The thief understood why he was hit on the nose.
B. The thief knew why the neighbour came out.
C. The thief thought the neighbour couldn’t hear the noise the bell made.
D. The thief didn’t want to know why the neighbour ran out.
16-20 B A D B C
(5)
A farmer was put in prison(监狱). One day, he got a letter from his wife.
“I am worried about out farm,” she wrote. “It’s time to plant potatoes ,
but I can’t do all the digging(挖) by myself.”
The farmer thought over and then had an idea. He wrote to his wife,“Don’t dig
the fields. This id where my gold(金子) is. Don’t plant potatoes until I comehome.
A few days later, the farmer got anther letter from his wife. It said, “Two days
ago, about ten prison guards(监狱看守) came to our fields. It looked as if they were looking for something. They have g our field.”
The farmer wrote to his wife at once. “Now you can plant our potatoes,” he wrote.
( )21.The farmer was put in prison ________.
A. because he had done something wrong
B. because he had a lot of gold in the fields
C. The writer didn’t say anything about why the farmer was put in prison
D. For nothing
( )22.The farmer’s wife was much worried about _____ .
A. her husband B. their farm C. planting potatoes D. herself
( )23.The farmer told his wife __ first.
A. not to dig the fields B. to dig the fields
C. to ask the prison guards for help D. to find the gold in the fields
( )24.Why did the prison guards dig the farmer’s fields ?________.
A. They wanted to help the farmer
B. Their leader ordered them to do so
C. The farmer asked them to do so
D. They wanted to find out the gold
( )25.Why did the farmer ask his wife to plant potatoes at once ? Because _____.
A. their fields had been g
B. the gold was found out
C. the prison guards asked him to do so
D. the prison guards were digging the fields
21—25 C B A D A
(6)
An owl is a bird with very large eyes. Those eyes make the owl look clever. The owl can not move its eyes freely as people can. It can only look straight ahead (朝前). If it wants to look at both sides, it must turn its neck.
Owls see better at night than ring the day. At night they look for food. They eat mice and insects.
Owls make a strange noise because the owls sleep most of the day. They usually give their cries at night. The cry sounds like “Whoo! Whoo!”. This strange sound sometimes frightens people at night.
26. An owl looks clever because it can look straight ahead.
27. An owl looks for food at night because it sees better at night than ring the day.
28. An owl lives on all kinds of birds.
29. The cry of an owl is frightening.
30. Man must not kill owls because they are helpful to people.
26-30 B A B A A
(7)
Coffee has become the most popular American drink. Today people in the United States drink more coffee than people in any of the other countries. People drink coffee at breakfast, at lunch, at dinner and between meals. They drink hot coffee or coffee with ice in it. They drink it at work and at home. They eat coffee ice-cream and coffee candy. Coffee is black and very strong. Different people like to drink it in different ways. Some people like coffee with cream or sugar in it. Other people like coffee with both cream and sugar in it. In all ways it is served. Coffee has become an international drink.
31. Coffee is an ____________ drink.
A . interesting B. international C. ice-cream D. American
32. Different people like to drink coffee ____________.
A. at work or at home B. in different ways C. with cream or sugar D. between meals
33. Today Americans drink ____________ coffee than people in any of the other countries.
A. as much as B. less C. more D. most
34. “Coffee is black and very strong.” The word STRONG here means ____________.
A.坚固的 B.淡的 C.清的 D.浓的
35. ____________ is the most popular American drink.
A. Black tea B. Coffee C. Water with ice D. Whisky
31-35 B B C D B
(8)
Computers are useful machines. They can help people a lot in their everyday life. For example, they can help people save much time, and they can help people work out many problems they can’t do easily. Our country asks everyone to learn to use computers except the old people.
Today more and more families own computers. Parents buy computers for their children.
They hope computers can help them improve (提高) their studies in school. Yet many of the children use computers to play games, to watch video or to sing Karaoke, instead of studying. So many teachers and parents complain (抱怨) that computers can not help children to study but make them fall behind. So computers are locked by parents in the boxes.
In some other countries, even some scientists hate computers. They say computers let millions of people lost their jobs or bring them a lot of trouble.
Will computers really bring trouble to people or can they bring people happiness? It will be decided by people themselves.
36. Why do we say the computer is a useful machine? Because _______________.
A. our country asks us to learn it
B. it can help us a lot
C. we can use it to play games
D. it can help us to find jobs
37. What do many teachers and parents complain about? _______________.
A. Their students and children use computers to play games.
B. Computers let them lost their jobs.
C. Computers make the students and children fall behind.
D. Computers bring people a lot of trouble.
38. In this passage we know computers _______________.
A. also bring us trouble
B. bring us happiness only
C. are hated by people
D. are bad for people’s health
39. Can computers really help children to study? _______________.
A. Yes, they can. B. It’s hard to say C. No, they can’t. D. Of course not.
40. How do you understand the last sentence of this passage? I think it means _______.
A. computers are used by people
B. people can live well without computers
C. one must decide how to use computers
D. computers are strange machines
36-40 B C A A C
(9)
Once upon a time there lived an old man. He had three sons. One day, he called them together and said, "Sons, I will die soon. To my oldest son I give half my camels, to my second, one-third(三分之一), and to my youngest, one-ninth (九分之一)." Soon after that he died.
Now, the old man had seventeen camels, and the three brothers didn't know how to do as their father said. They thought a long time about the problem, and it seemed that they must either kill some of the camels and cut them into pieces, or disobey their father. At last they went to their father's old friend and asked for his advice. As soon as he heard their story, he said, "I will help you. I was a good friend of your father's. I am old. I have only one camel, but take it-it is yours."
The three sons thanked the old man and took his camel. Now they found it was easy to do as their father wished, The oldest took half- that was nine camels; the second took one-third, that was six; and the youngest took one-ninth, that was two.
After each had got his camels, they found that there was still a camel there. So, to show their thanks to their father's friend, they gave the camel back to him
41. "Once upon a time" means " ________".
A. long long ago B. not very long ago
C. at once D. sometimes
42. The meaning of "disobey" in the second paragraph is" ________".
A. 服从 B. 违背 C. 听从 D. 嘲笑
43. The meaning of "asked for his advice" in the second paragraph is " ________".
A. 向他请教 B. 问他数量 C. 批评他 D. 劝告他
44. The second old man ________the three brothers.
A. was good to B. was not good to C. didn't like D. cheated(哄骗)
45. Both the two old men in the story were ________.
A. foolish B. clever C. poor D. rich
41-45 A B A A B
(10)
Tom lived by himself a long way from town. He hardly went to town, but one day he went into town to buy a few things. After he bought them, he went into a restaurant and sat down at a table. When he looked around, he saw some old people put glasses on before reading their newspapers. So after lunch he decided to go to a shop to buy himself one pair, too. He walked along the road, and soon found a shop.
The man in the shop let him try on a lot of glasses, but Tom always said, "No, I can't read with these."
The man became puzzled (迷惑的) , and he said, "Excuse me, but can you read?"
"No, of course I can't!" Tom said angrily. "If I could read before, do you think I would come here to buy your glasses?"
46. Tom lived ______.
A. with his family B. near town C. in the country D. in town
47. Tom didn't go to town______.
A. never B. often C. sometimes D. sometime
48. Why did Tom decide to buy a pair of glasses?
A. Because he thought if he bought them, he could read.
B. Because they were very bright.
C. Because they were cheap.
D. Because he could read newspaper.
49. Tom went to the shop to ______.
A. have a rest B. have dinner C. wear glasses D. buy a pair of glasses
46-49 C B A D
(11)
We know mosquitoes very well. Mosquitoes fly everywhere. They can be found almost all over the world, and there are more than 2,500 kinds of them.
No one likes the mosquito. But the mosquito may decide if she loves you. She? Yes, she. The male mosquito doesn’t bite! Only the female mosquito bites because she needs blood to lay eggs. She is always looking for things or people she wants to bite. If she likes what she finds, she bites. But if she doesn’t like your blood, she will turn to someone else for more delicious blood. Next time a mosquito bites you, just remember you are chosen. You’re different from the others!
If the mosquito likes you, she lands on your body without letting you know. She bites you so quickly and quietly that you may not feel anything different. After she bites, you will have an itch(痒) on your body because she puts something from her mouth together with your blood. When the itch begins, she has flown away.
And then what happens? Well, after her delicious dinner, the mosquito feels tired. She wants to find a place to have a good rest. There, in a tree or on a wall, she begins to lay eggs, hundreds of eggs.
( )51.All the people don’t like mosquitoes.
( )52.All mosquitoes like to bite people for blood.
( )53.If a mosquito wants to bite you, it means she is very tired.
( )54.The mosquito bites you too quickly and quietly to let you know.
( )55.The itch begins after the mosquito flies away.
51-55 FFFTT
(12)
Do you know why different animals or pests(昆虫) have their special colours? Colours in them seem to be used mainly to protect themselves.
Some birds like eating locusts(蝗虫), but birds cannot easily catch them. Why? It is because locusts change their colours together with the change of the colours of crops(庄稼). When crops are green, locusts look green. But as the harvest (收获)time comes, locusts change to the same brown colour as crops have. Some other pests with different colours from plants are easily found and eaten by others. So they have to hide themselves for lives and appear only at night.
If you study the animal life, you’ll find the main use of colouring is to protect themselves. Bears, lions and other animals move quietly through forests. They cannot be easily seen by hunters. This is because they have the colours much like the trees.
Have you ever found an even more strange act? A kind of fish in the sea can send out a kind of very black liquid(液体) when it faces danger. While the liquid spreads over(散开), its enemies(敌人) cannot find it. And it immediately swims away. So it has lived up to now though it is not strong at all.
( )56.From the passage we learn that locusts________.
A. are small animals
B. are easily found by birds
C. are dangerous to their enemies
D. change their colours to protect themselves
( )57.How can pests with different colours from plants keep out of danger?
A. They run away quickly.
B. They have the colours much like their enemies.
C. They hide themselves by day and appear at night.
D. They have to move quietly.
( )58.Bears and lions can keep safe because________.
A. they have the colours much like the trees
B. they move quietly
C. they like brown and grey colours
D. they live in forests
( )59.Why can the kind of fish live up to now?
A. Because it is very big and strong.
Because the liquid it sends out can help it escape from its enemies.
B. Because the liquid it sends out can kill its enemies.
C. Because it swims faster than any other fish.
( )60.Which is the best title for this passage?
A. The Change of Colours for Animals and Pests.
B. Colours of Different Animals and pests.
C. The Main Use of Colours for Animals and Pests.
D. Some Animals and Pests.
56-60 D C A B C
但上面字数有限啊!
⑸ 英语阅读如何总结
你好来,我认为做阅读总结源有以下几方面:
1在限定的时间内做题目的速度与准确率(要限时做阅读才有效果,否则都是无目的性的)
2在做阅读时间你对文章的单词,短语等的熟悉程度。(是否看到有熟悉的感觉但记不起,对症下药,把单词短语抽出来加强读一下)
3如果单词短语都认识了,然后就是对文章中长句与短句的熟悉程度,不熟悉的话就加强语法的训练与多看多做多记)
4对提问的问题的总结(每类考试阅读都有某方面的特定提问,掌握后就得心应手)
做到以上四点已经不简单,还有记住如果你是备考的话,第一点很重要,记住哦!
希望能帮到你。
⑹ 英语十大重要性
英语的重要性的英文翻译是The importance of English.
importance的英式读法是[ɪm'pɔːtns];美式读法是[ɪm'pɔːrtns]。
单词直接源自中世纪拉丁语的importantia,意为重要,重要性。
作名词意思是重要;重要性。
english的英式读法是['ɪŋɡlɪʃ];美式读法是['ɪŋɡlɪʃ]。
单词直接源自古英语的Englisc;最初源自该语的Engle,意为盎格鲁人,传说这个称呼的来由是:当年这群人原来居住在一个叫Angul的岛上,这个岛状似鱼钩。
作名词意思有英语;英国人,作形容词意思有英语的;英国人的;英国的。
相关例句:
1、In the past, many students did not know the importance of English.
过去,好多学生不知道英语的重要性。
2、We're beginning to realize the importance of English.
我们开始认识到了英文的重要性。
(6)英语阅读十大意识扩展阅读:
一、importance的单词用法
n. (名词)
1、importance是不可数名词,作“重要(性)”解,强调不受任何事物限制的重要或重要性,也可指一件重要的事或一种重要的东西,前面加不定冠词。指人时表示“傲慢”。
2、importance后可接to或for。
3、(be) ofimportance表示“某事〔物〕重要”。
二、词义辨析
n. (名词)
importance, consequence
这两个词的共同意思是“重要,重要性”。其区别在于:
1、importance意为“重大,重要性”,强调不受任何事物的限制的重要或重要性。
如:The test is of special importance.
这次试验特别重要。
2、consequence强调不可忽视的或对随后的事件颇有影响的事物的“重要,重要性”。
如:The matter is of no consequence.
这问题毫不重要。
⑺ 做英语阅读理解有哪些技巧
做英语阅读理解的技巧有:
1、若针对举例子、人物言论出题,需要查找例子以及人物所说的句子前后的内容,然后与各选项逐一核对。
2、在出现一些关键词,如however,but,moreover, therefore,thus时,要特别注意句子前后意义的转折、递进、因果等关系。
3、细节理解题的答案一般是同义替换项或者同义转换。
4、选项中有绝对语气词的一般不是答案。如: must,never, the most, all, merely, only, have to, any, no,completely,none, 等。但不是绝对,也有例外。
5、注意选项中的副词、形容词和介词短语等与原文是否一致。如:must, may, often,should, usually,might, most,more or less,likely,all, never, few等存在程度不同,经常被偷换,往往被忽视。
6、注意干扰项特点:与原文内容相反;与原文内容一半相符,一半不同;叙述过于绝对化;原文没有提及。
(7)英语阅读十大意识扩展阅读:
阅读积累要提高阅读水平,词汇量与短语量非常重要。所以要提高阅读水平,我们就得学会积累词语。我们不妨这么做:在通读全文后看第二遍,遇到生词尽可能根据上下文来猜,仍猜不出意思的,就查词典,然后将这些词抄写在一本可随身携带的小本子上。
每当有空时,就拿出这个小本子来背诵记忆。这样做不但不费时,而且效果也很好。因为不时地接触、反复地记忆,词汇量会增加得很快。
另外,句子都能看懂,但读完文章印象却不深,这就牵涉到对文章框架结构的整体理解。首先,要重视文章的标题和文章的首句,因为文章的标题或首句就是文章的主题,文章的内容就是围绕主题展开的;
其次,文章的结尾句往往是这篇文章的结论或作者写这篇文章的用意所在;再次,善于标注文章关键句,可以帮助你掌握文章的全貌,理解文章的主题。很多题目就是围绕它们而设计的。
⑻ 揭秘英语的十大原则
一、从孩子本身已具备的各种能力入手
少儿开始学习英语之前所具备的各种能力经常被忽视或低估。实际上,他们已经有了一定的生活经验,有他们自己的世界,擅长按照他们自己的方式理解 周围的事物,并且至少已经学会了一门语言。另外,他们学习的积极性通常都很高。少儿认知发展水平不仅取决于年龄,同时也取决于支持并激发这种发展的外界刺 激。当孩子的潜能和已有的能力被忽视,他们只被当作“空罐子”时,少儿英语教学的一种困境就会产生。形成这种教学困境的原因在于:设计任务或活动仅仅从成 人的观点出发,而没有反映孩子的世界。这种情况就使得孩子无法接近这些任务和活动,但并不说明他们不能完成此类活动。那么,教师面临的挑战就在于必须走入 孩子的世界,设计适合他们水平的任务和活动。
gardner认为,人有七种不同的或者说相互交叉的智力,即:语言智力、数学逻辑智力、视觉/空间智力、音乐智力、身体运动智力、人际智力和 自我智力。因此,少儿英语课堂活动的设计必须充分考虑每个孩子的智力优势,使每个孩子都能够充分参与,不断进步。除了智力因素之外,少儿英语教学所使用的 教材和辅助材料必须在视觉、听觉和动觉上适当平衡,从而使具备不同优点的孩子都有展示其所长的机会。
由于孩子认知水平的限制,他们可能还未意识到语言是一个系统。因此,英语课堂教学需要借助话题(topics)以形成目标语言的语言环境。这些话题应该有意义、有趣和具有可参与性,同时也必须在孩子的生活经验和思维范畴之内。
二、鼓励交际互助
学习是一个互动的过程。在谈到孩子的一般性发展时,皮亚杰(piaget)认为,孩子所接受的社会互动的质量和数量将会极大地影响他本身成长发 展的速度。维果茨基(vygotsky)的最近发展区理论(zpd:zoneofproximaldevelopment)也强调了高质量的交往互动,如 成人引导下的互动或与优于自身的同龄人的互动至关重要。布鲁纳(bruner)将这一zpd理论比喻成“脚手架”,喻示孩子在建造自已知识和能力大厦的过 程中,他人的引导和帮助如同脚手架一样必不可少。halliday也支持互动的观点,他认为:“母语以及第二和第三语言的学习是一个认知的过程,同时也是 一个互动的过程。它的表现形式就是自我与他人连续不断的交流。”
交际语言教学法则将理解和传递信息作为其核心思想,它的重要性甚至超过了语言的准确性。
三、支持对意义的多种理解和商讨以及协作谈话
语言的意义并不是恒定不变的。我们在与他人的交往中会对语言的意义不断地进行再理解和更新。维果茨基曾提出过“文化工具盒”。他认为,孩子所获 得的母语的概念和意义来源于他所属的文化。文化背景的差异造成语言意义的差别。wells认为,协作谈话能够帮助孩子获得语言的意义并达成一致理解。费舍 也强调了人的思维发展中谈话的重要性。这正与维果茨基的另一观点相呼应:将思维转化成语言的过程对刺激全面发展非常重要。
“只有通过多种载体(如观察、倾听、阅读或使用参考资料)所提供的知识与学生语言的理解的互动,他的知识结构才能更新。”
对语言的意义进行商讨和协作谈话这一重要原则应在交际语言教学所倡导的真实的、贴近生活的任务和活动中得以充分体现。在这种真实的活动中,学生 们相互交流观点,共同解决实际问题,并达成一致的理解。显而易见,所有学生都需要思考。交换观点不仅仅是表述客观事实;协作谈话应具有真实意义,这才能够 激发参与者的谈话动机。
四、让孩子成为学习过程中的积极参与者
学习是一个积极的认知发展过程。孩子不应再被当作等待灌满的“空罐子”,而应是语言和思维的积极探索者。如上所述,孩子已具有多种能力,这些都 是构建新能力大厦的基石。barnes这样描述建构主义的论点:“我们每一个人必须通过不断理解周围的事物,积极构建自己的世界才能够达到学习目标。”费 舍认为,注重以孩子解决问题为核心的活动,能够使他们积极参与并探索语言的意义和答案。
对于能够从认知角度积极参与学习过程的孩子,他们需要的是挑战和冒险。如果给予的任务或活动没有一定的挑战性或冒险性,孩子将永远无法独立,有 时甚至停滞不前,丧失学习动力。但这些挑战也必须有教师或同学的适当支持,同时符合zpd理论所提出的新的知识必须在接近孩子发展水平的区域内,即“最近 发展区”内。
这种学习过程中的积极参与在第二语言学习中的重要性是不言而喻的。“以任务为中心的教学思想将学习过程看作是‘从做中学’的过程——学生语言系统的发展和形成主要是通过实际参与而获得的。”
五、按照zpd理论对新知识的输入进行定位
克拉申(krashen)把“可理解的输入量”(input+1)作为学习过程中的关键因素。当新输入知识或信息保持在可理解或接近的程度时, 原来知识水平与输入知识水平之间的“差异”会进一步刺激学生的语言发展。这又和维果茨基的zpd理论以及布鲁纳的“脚手架”理论不谋而合,即成人或同龄人 在孩子已有知识层次范围之外的适当水平所给予的支持和引导,是孩子所长和发展的核心因素。但在很多情况下,无论是成人还是孩子学习语言,他们被灌输的只是 其现有语言水平层次上的过于简化的语言,而不是更广阔的语言环境下的新的语言。这条原则事实上和挑战、冒险的重要性相互关联。如果语言的输入总是保持在学 生现有的语言水平上,学生就没有面临挑战和冒险的机会,以致失云了成功学习语言的必要条件。
六、语言应以完整的形式出现
多年以来,人们都是把语言分割成独立的单位——传统上是结构单位或语法单位——一点一点地教授给学生。然后由学生把这些断断续续的碎片象拼图一 样拼在一起去理解这门语言。然而,孩子在学习母语时并不是这样一个过程。他们置身于广阔的语言环境中,吸收并使用完整的语言,并在更深层次的潜意识中逐步 理解其结构和语法。lewis倡导外语教学应该从“多个词汇构成的语言段或完整的语言”出发,发展学生成功地使用完整语言(段)的能力。 tough(brumfit)也曾谈到课堂教学中“系统化语言”的作用。他认为:教师应该像母亲在家里一样,随时替换孩子谈话所使用的某些词法,构成新的 完整的语言。
令人遗憾的是,大多数成人和孩子在课堂学习中所接触和练习的语言被局限在了“已经消化”了的句子层次。但我认为,教师不应该如此简化学习的过 程,而应该通过把结构化的学习途径具体化,从而使学生接触更复杂的语言环境。不管学生的学习风格、喜好、能力、综合发展水平和语言发展水平如何,都能够适 应这种学习方法。在少儿英语教学中,教师可以多使用故事、歌曲和短剧等,使孩子在可理解的和具有实际意义的语言环境中接触和学习完整的语言。
七、在清晰和熟悉的环境中设计具有实际意义的、目标明确的活动
孩子在学习第一语言时并不选择语言环境,学习语言只是他日常生活的一部分。他们使用原有的知识去理解新的语言现象,从已知中建立未知,并通过 “吸收或同化新知识”,不断地调整思维方式。同样,在英语课堂上,孩子们需要一个清晰和熟悉的语言环境,进行具有实际意义的且标志明确的活动。他们需要知 道为什么要做一件事情,其原因对他们来说应该是可理解的。那么,教师就要不断地接近孩子,逐渐摸索出孩子的兴趣和理解水平,并依次选择适当的话题和任务。
八、帮助孩子逐渐独立和自主地学习
孩子依赖教师是一件很自然的事情。但是,如果想让孩子成为学习过程中的积极参与者,具有自己的理解力,课堂活动的设计就必须能够培养学生的独立性。少儿英语课堂中,阶段性的二人或小组活动,以及词典和参考资料的使用都有助于做到这一点。
九、创造轻松、愉快和支持性的学习环境
孩子需要安全感、适当的场所和愉快的学习。为孩子创造一个积极的学习氛围,需要注意以下几个因素:要对所有的孩子一视同仁;支持挑战性的活动和 冒险;话题要有趣,并和学生的生活相联系;活动要具有实际意义且目标明确;随时适当地赞扬学生;纪律是严格和公正等。这样的环境不仅会对语言学习产生积极 的正面影响,也有助于培养孩子容忍他人的品质。
十、测试应和学习的方式相一致
如果我们把上述九条作为成功学习的关键,那么,测试和评价中就应该反映这些原则。这也是对上述原则的补充和完善。但遗憾的是,事实并非如此。许多语言学习的规划和开发都没有考虑测试的过程。
⑼ 英语阅读理解题-01
11. A 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. C