因特网的历史英语阅读题
① 一篇英语阅读题
虽然慢了，但是保证准确！
1. D
依据：They made the change because they wanted every basketball they use to feel and bounce（弹起）the same. Not all leather balls are exactly alike in weight or how they bounce, but the synthetic balls are.
2. A
依据：For example, the scientists studied friction（摩擦力）, which in this case affects the ability of a player to hold onto a ball. “The greater the friction, the better it will stick to his hand,” explains a scientist.
3. C
依据：The scientists also tested bounce and found that the logo（商标）printed on the new balls made their surface uneven（不平）and caused them to bounce a little strangely compared with the leather balls.
4. D
依据：That’s because sweat（汗水）stays on the surface of the synthetic balls but gets taken into the leather balls.
5. B
依据：In January, the NBA went back to using the leather balls. They aren’t perfect, but for now, that’s just the way the ball bounces.
② 一篇英语阅读题，急
C B A
纯手打，望采纳。
解释：第一题答案在第二个活动那一段的倒数第二回行：Reserve your spot before availability, reserve的意思是预定，答相当于book。
第二题的答案在第四个活动的内容里，整个都是在说与music有关的活动。
第三个题的答案在三个活动里的第一句：G2 is designed specifically for girls.
③ 英语阅读theriseoftheinternet
互联网的兴起
这里有一篇 The rise of the internet of things ，物联网的兴内起。
Here's a phrase you're about to hear a lot more of —容 if you haven't already: the "Internet of Things."
Why? It's about to be the next big thing. What does it mean? It's not just computers and phones that are linked up to the Internet — it's your stuff: refrigerators and glasses and trains and buildings.
④ 关于因特网的英语作文 120字左右
The Internet is a good friend to us. It gives us life to a great convenience. We can use it to study, games, reading, and friends.
But, excessive addiction computer, to our body and learning are very hurt.
⑤ 关于因特网的历史和发展
见网络词条
计算机网络只是传播信息的载体，而INTERNET的优越性和实用性则在于本身。因特网最高层域名分为机构性域名和地理性域名两大类，目前主要有14 种机构性域名。 它连接着所有的计算机，人们可以从互联网上找到不同的信息，有数百万对人们有用的信息，你可以用搜索引擎来找到你所需的信息。搜索引擎帮助我们更快更容易的找到信息，只需输入一个或几个关键词，搜索引擎会找到所有符合要求的网页，你只 因特网示意图
需要点击这些网页。
英文介绍
The Internet is an international computer network. It connects computer networks all over the world.People can get different kinds of information from it.There are millions of websites on the Internet.There is a lot of useful information on the websites.You can use search engines to find the information you need.Search engines help us find information quickly and easily.Type in a keyword or keywords and the search engine will give you a list of suitable websites to look at.
编辑本段溯源
TCP/IP
因特网是Internet的中文译名，它的前身是美国国防部高级研究计划局（ARPA）主持研制的ARPAnet。 20世纪50年代末，正处于冷战时期。当时美国军方为了自己的计算机网络在受到袭击时 关于因特网的技术资料
，即使部分网络被摧毁，其余部分仍能保持通信联系，便由美国国防部的高级研究计划局（ARPA）建设了一个军用网，叫做“阿帕网”（ARPAnet）。阿帕网于1969年正式启用，当时仅连接了4台计算机，供科学家们进行计算机联网实验用。这就是因特网的前身。 到70年代，ARPAnet已经有了好几十个计算机网络，但是每个网络只能在网络内部的计算机之间互联通信，不同计算机网络之间仍然不能互通。为此， ARPA又设立了新的研究项目，支持学术界和工业界进行有关的研究。研究的主要内容就是想用一种新的方法将不同的计算机局域网互联，形成“互联网”。研究人员称之为“internetwork”，简称“Internet”。这个名词就一直沿用到现在。 在研究实现互联的过程中，计算机软件起了主要的作用。1974年，出现了连接分组网络的协议，其中就包括了TCP/IP——著名的网际互联协议IP和传输控制协议TCP。这两个协议相互配合，其中，IP是基本的通信协议，TCP是帮助IP实现可靠传输的协议。 TCP/IP有一个非常重要的特点，就是开放性，即TCP/IP的规范和Internet的技术都是公开的。目的就是使任何厂家生产的计算机都能相互通信，使Internet成为一个开放的系统。这正是后来Internet得到飞速发展的重要原因。 ARPA在1982年接受了TCP/IP，选定Internet为主要的计算机通信系统，并把其它的军用计算机网络都转换到TCP/IP。1983年，ARPAnet分成两部分：一部分军用，称为MILNET；另一部分仍称ARPAnet，供民用。
发展
1986年，美国国家科学基金组织（NSF）将分布在美国各地的5个为科研教育服务的超级计算机中心互联，并支持地区网络，形成NSFnet。1988 年，NSFnet替代ARPAnet成为Internet的主干网。NSFnet主干网利用了在ARPAnet中已证明是非常成功的TCP/IP技术，准许各大学、政府或私人科研机构的网络加入。1989年，ARPAnet解散，Internet从军用转向民用。 Internet的发展引起了商家的极大兴趣。1992年，美国IBM、MCI、MERIT三家公司联合组建了一个高级网络服务公司（ANS），建立了一个新的网络，叫做ANSnet，成为Internet的另一个主干网。它与NSFnet不同，NSFnet是由国家出资建立的，而ANSnet则是ANS 公司所有，从而使Internet开始走向商业化。 1995年4月30日，NSFnet正式宣布停止运作。而此时Internet的骨干网已经覆盖了全球91个国家，主机已超过400万台。在最近几年，因特网更以惊人的速度向前发展，很快就达到了今天的规模。
编辑本段历史
Internet最早来源于美国国防部高级研究计划局DARPA(Defense advanced Research Projects Agency)的前身ARPA建立的ARPAnet，该网于1969年投入使用。从60年代开始，ARPA就开始向美国国内大学的计算机系和一些私人有限公司提供经费，以促进基于分组交换技术的计算机网络的研究。1968年，ARPA为ARPAnet网络项目立项，这个项目基于这样一种主导思想：网络必须能够经受住故障的考验而维持正常工作，一旦发生战争，当网络的某一部分因遭受攻击而失去工作能力时，网络的其它部分应当能够维持正常通信。最初，ARPAnet主要用于军事研究目的，它有五大特点： ⑴支持资源共享； ⑵采用分布式控制技术； ⑶采用分组交换技术； ⑷使用通信控制处理机； ⑸采用分层的网络通信协议。
1972年
ARPAnet在首届计算机后台通信国际会议上首次与公众见面，并验证了分组交换技术的可行性，由此，ARPAnet成为现代计算机网络诞生的标志。 ARPAnet在技术上的另一个重大贡献是TCP/IP协议簇的开发和使用。
1980年
ARPA投资把TCP/IP加进UNIX(BSD4.1版本)的内核中，在BSD4.2版本以后,TCP/IP协议即成为UNIX操作系统的标准通信模块。
1982年
Internet由ARPAnet，MILNET等几个计算机网络合并而成，作为Internet的早期骨干网，ARPAnet试验并奠定了Internet存在和发展的基础，较好地解决了异种机网络互联的一系列理论和技术问题。 1983年，ARPAnet分裂为两部分：ARPAnet和纯军事用的MILNET。该年1月，ARPA把TCP/IP协议作为ARPAnet的标准协议，其后，人们称呼这个以ARPAnet为主干网的网际互联网为Internet，TCP/IP协议簇便在Internet中进行研究，试验，并改进成为使用方便，效率极好的协议簇。与此同时，局域网和其它广域网的产生和蓬勃发展对Internet的进一步发展起了重要的作用。其中，最为引人注目的就是美国国家科学基金会NSF(National Science Foundation)建立的美国国家科学基金网NSFnet。
1986年
NSF建立起了六大超级计算机中心，为了使全国的科学家、工程师能够共享这些超级计算机设施，NSF建立了自己的基于TCP/IP协议簇的计算机网络NSFnet。NSF在全国建立了按地区划分的计算机广域网，并将这些地区网络和超级计算中心相联，最后将各超级计算中心互联起来。地区网的构成一般是由一批在地理上局限于某一地域，在管理上隶属于某一机构或在经济上有共同利益的用户的计算机互联而成，连接各地区网上主通信结点计算机的高速数据专线构成了NSFnet的主干网，这样，当一个用户的计算机与某一地区相联以后，它除了可以使用任一超级计算中心的设施，可以同网上任一用户通信，还可以获得网络提供的大量信息和数据。这一成功使得NSFnet于1990年6月彻底取代了ARPAnet而成为Internet的主干网。
⑥ 写一篇关于因特网的短文（英语)
The Internet网络
With the development of science,the network has been one of the most important parts in people's daliy life.随着科学的发展,网络已经成为人们日常生活中最重要的部分之一
We can do many things with the help of network.For example,we can obtain much knowledge,read all kinds of news of the world,and use OICQ to talk with each other.We can also do shopping,search information,receive and send e-mail,play games,and enjoy music.In a word,it's very useful.通过网络的帮助,我们能做许多事情.例如,我们可以学习各种各样的知识,读遍全世界的各种新闻,用OICQ与他人交谈.我们还可以购物,查找信息,接受和发送电子邮件,玩游戏,听音乐.用一句话说,网络非常有用
When I'm tired,I listen to pop songs,and download MV,short movies,or beautiful pictures.In festival days,Isend greeting cards to my classmates to develop friendship.每当我累了的时候,我会听流行歌曲,下载MV,短小的电影或漂亮的图片.在节日里,我给我的同学发送贺卡以增进友谊.
The Internet make our life colorful and convenient.Many thanks to the network.You are my good friend.网络使我们的生活多姿多彩,又为我们的生活带来方便.谢谢互连网,你是我的好朋友.
⑦ 跪求50篇英语阅读理解题（带答案）
（2）
No.4 middle School
Kunming ,yunnan
April 2nd ,2004
Dear editor (编辑) ，
I live in a beautiful city . Many visitors come to my city . there are so many colorful peacocks (孔雀) here .
The peacocks mostly live on the grass land of Dongfeng Square
They are given food freely by visitors . They usually throw food to them , and don’t think about at all whether the food is right or not . Some of the peacocks became ill , some even died after eating the bad food given by the visitors.
I’m sure most of the visitors who throw food to the peacocks really like the birds , but don’t realize (意识到) that they may be doing them harm (伤害).
The visitors should be told that what have done is very harmful to the birds , and this kind of thing must be stopped from happening .
Perhaps we can build some small shops beside Dongfeng Square to sell peacock food . For us every person , it’s our ty to give more love to these beautiful birds and to look after them carefully.
Yours,
Sun Yan
()6.Many visitors come to the writer’s city to __________.
A. do some shopping B. see beautiful peacocks
C. play on Dongfeng square D. eat nice food
()7.Some peacocks became ill and died because some visitors ______;
A. did’t give them any food B. gave them too much food
C. threw them some bad food D. loved them and played with them
()8.Some shops can be built beside Dongfeng Square so that they may _____________.
A.sell food for visitors B. sell food for peacocks
C.make the square more beautiful D.have the beautiful birds
()9.From the passage we know people should __________.
A. live and play with the birds
B. stop the birds from eating too much
C. give right food to the birds
D. give more food to the birds
()10.We can guess the writer of the letter, Sun Yan , may be a _____.
A. visitor B. shopkeeper C.square keeper D. student
6-10：B C B C D
（3）
Every town in the United States has a post office . Some are very small , and you may also find them in the corner of a shop . Others are larger buildings . They are open five days a week and on Saturday mornings . From Monday through Friday they are usually open from 8:30 to 4:30 .
If you know how much the postage (邮资) is for your letter , you can buy stamps at any window. In some post offices you can buy stamps from machines . Stamps are sold many different prices , from one cent (美分) to many dollars . If you are not sure how much postage is for you letter , you may ask the man or the woman in the post office for help . he or she will give you the stamps you need . If you are sending your letter far away , you should use airmail envelopes (航空信封) . Remember that postage will be more expensive for a letter to be sent outside the country.
At a post office you can also buy postcards . A postcard is cheaper than a letter . Usually the price of postage for a postcard is about half that of a letter . The postcards that you buy at a post office do not have pictures . However ,also they are not to be sent outside the country .
Letters are an easy and cheap way to keep in touch with people in many different countries .
()11.The passage tell us that we can find ________ easily in the United States of America.
A. post office s B.large buildings
C.small shops D.different banks
()12.The post offices in the United States are open _________.
A.seven hours a day B.six hours a day
C.five hours a day D.eight hours a day
()13.If you are not sure how much postage is for your letter ,you can____.
A. go and buy stamps from the machine in the post officesend a cheap postcard instead of your letter
B. get in touch with somebody you know in the post office
C.ask the man or the woman in the post office for help
()14.The price of postage for ________ is more expensive.
A.a beautiful postcard B.a letter written on envelope
C.a letter by airmail D.a postcard with pictures
()15.The passage tells us something about ________ in the USA
A.the post B.the postage C.letters D.postcards
11-15 A D D C A
（4）
Long, long ago there was a very foolish thief. Do you know what he did one day? When he wanted to steal(偷) the bell on his neighbour’s door, he walked up to the door, took hold of(抓住) the bell and pulled hard. The bell made a very loud noise. The thief was afraid and went home.
Then he sat down to think, “I must do something about the noise,” he said. He thought and thought. At last he had an idea. “Ah, I’ll put some cotton in my ears. Then I won’t be able to hear the noise.” The next day he went to the door of his neighbour, and took hold of the bell. This time he pulled even harder. The bell rang loudly, but the thief did not hear anything. With another hard pull he got the bell out. Just then the neighbour came running out.
“Steal my bell? I’ll teach you a lesson(教训),” the angry man shouted. And he hit the thief on the nose.
The foolish thief did not know how the neighbour found out he was stealing the bell. “Why did he come out just then?” he wondered (感到疑惑).
( )16. The thief was trying to get .
A. his neighbour B. his neighbour’s doorbell
C. some cotton D. a door with a bell on it
( )17. The thief put some cotton in his ears. He thought it would be for him to steal the doorbell.
A. safe B. difficult C. dangerous D. easy
( )18. The neighbour ran out probably(很可能) because .
A. he knew his doorbell was being stolen
B. he thought someone was eager (渴望的) to visit him
C. he realized (意识到) something strange happened
D. Both B and C
( )19. The neighbour hit the thief to .
A. give him lessons B. punish (惩罚) him for stealing
C. help him with the bell D. be his teacher
( )20. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. The thief understood why he was hit on the nose.
B. The thief knew why the neighbour came out.
C. The thief thought the neighbour couldn’t hear the noise the bell made.
D. The thief didn’t want to know why the neighbour ran out.
16-20 B A D B C
（5）
A farmer was put in prison(监狱). One day, he got a letter from his wife.
“I am worried about out farm,” she wrote. “It’s time to plant potatoes ,
but I can’t do all the digging(挖) by myself.”
The farmer thought over and then had an idea. He wrote to his wife,“Don’t dig
the fields. This id where my gold(金子) is. Don’t plant potatoes until I comehome.
A few days later, the farmer got anther letter from his wife. It said, “Two days
ago, about ten prison guards(监狱看守) came to our fields. It looked as if they were looking for something. They have g our field.”
The farmer wrote to his wife at once. “Now you can plant our potatoes,” he wrote.
( )21.The farmer was put in prison ________.
A. because he had done something wrong
B. because he had a lot of gold in the fields
C. The writer didn’t say anything about why the farmer was put in prison
D. For nothing
( )22.The farmer’s wife was much worried about _____ .
A. her husband B. their farm C. planting potatoes D. herself
( )23.The farmer told his wife __ first.
A. not to dig the fields B. to dig the fields
C. to ask the prison guards for help D. to find the gold in the fields
( )24.Why did the prison guards dig the farmer’s fields ?________.
A. They wanted to help the farmer
B. Their leader ordered them to do so
C. The farmer asked them to do so
D. They wanted to find out the gold
( )25.Why did the farmer ask his wife to plant potatoes at once ? Because _____.
A. their fields had been g
B. the gold was found out
C. the prison guards asked him to do so
D. the prison guards were digging the fields
21—25 C B A D A
（6）
An owl is a bird with very large eyes. Those eyes make the owl look clever. The owl can not move its eyes freely as people can. It can only look straight ahead (朝前). If it wants to look at both sides, it must turn its neck.
Owls see better at night than ring the day. At night they look for food. They eat mice and insects.
Owls make a strange noise because the owls sleep most of the day. They usually give their cries at night. The cry sounds like “Whoo! Whoo!”. This strange sound sometimes frightens people at night.
26. An owl looks clever because it can look straight ahead.
27. An owl looks for food at night because it sees better at night than ring the day.
28. An owl lives on all kinds of birds.
29. The cry of an owl is frightening.
30. Man must not kill owls because they are helpful to people.
26-30 B A B A A
（7）
Coffee has become the most popular American drink. Today people in the United States drink more coffee than people in any of the other countries. People drink coffee at breakfast, at lunch, at dinner and between meals. They drink hot coffee or coffee with ice in it. They drink it at work and at home. They eat coffee ice-cream and coffee candy. Coffee is black and very strong. Different people like to drink it in different ways. Some people like coffee with cream or sugar in it. Other people like coffee with both cream and sugar in it. In all ways it is served. Coffee has become an international drink.
31. Coffee is an ____________ drink.
A . interesting B. international C. ice-cream D. American
32. Different people like to drink coffee ____________.
A. at work or at home B. in different ways C. with cream or sugar D. between meals
33. Today Americans drink ____________ coffee than people in any of the other countries.
A. as much as B. less C. more D. most
34. “Coffee is black and very strong.” The word STRONG here means ____________.
A.坚固的 B.淡的 C.清的 D.浓的
35. ____________ is the most popular American drink.
A. Black tea B. Coffee C. Water with ice D. Whisky
31-35 B B C D B
（8）
Computers are useful machines. They can help people a lot in their everyday life. For example, they can help people save much time, and they can help people work out many problems they can’t do easily. Our country asks everyone to learn to use computers except the old people.
Today more and more families own computers. Parents buy computers for their children.
They hope computers can help them improve (提高) their studies in school. Yet many of the children use computers to play games, to watch video or to sing Karaoke, instead of studying. So many teachers and parents complain (抱怨) that computers can not help children to study but make them fall behind. So computers are locked by parents in the boxes.
In some other countries, even some scientists hate computers. They say computers let millions of people lost their jobs or bring them a lot of trouble.
Will computers really bring trouble to people or can they bring people happiness? It will be decided by people themselves.
36. Why do we say the computer is a useful machine? Because _______________.
A. our country asks us to learn it
B. it can help us a lot
C. we can use it to play games
D． it can help us to find jobs
37. What do many teachers and parents complain about? _______________.
A. Their students and children use computers to play games.
B. Computers let them lost their jobs.
C. Computers make the students and children fall behind.
D. Computers bring people a lot of trouble.
38. In this passage we know computers _______________.
A. also bring us trouble
B. bring us happiness only
C. are hated by people
D. are bad for people’s health
39. Can computers really help children to study? _______________.
A. Yes, they can. B. It’s hard to say C. No, they can’t. D. Of course not.
40. How do you understand the last sentence of this passage? I think it means _______.
A. computers are used by people
B. people can live well without computers
C. one must decide how to use computers
D. computers are strange machines
36-40 B C A A C
（9）
Once upon a time there lived an old man. He had three sons. One day, he called them together and said, "Sons, I will die soon. To my oldest son I give half my camels, to my second, one-third(三分之一), and to my youngest, one-ninth (九分之一)." Soon after that he died.
Now, the old man had seventeen camels, and the three brothers didn't know how to do as their father said. They thought a long time about the problem, and it seemed that they must either kill some of the camels and cut them into pieces, or disobey their father. At last they went to their father's old friend and asked for his advice. As soon as he heard their story, he said, "I will help you. I was a good friend of your father's. I am old. I have only one camel, but take it-it is yours."
The three sons thanked the old man and took his camel. Now they found it was easy to do as their father wished, The oldest took half- that was nine camels; the second took one-third, that was six; and the youngest took one-ninth, that was two.
After each had got his camels, they found that there was still a camel there. So, to show their thanks to their father's friend, they gave the camel back to him
41. "Once upon a time" means " ________".
A. long long ago B. not very long ago
C. at once D. sometimes
42. The meaning of "disobey" in the second paragraph is" ________".
A. 服从 B. 违背 C. 听从 D. 嘲笑
43. The meaning of "asked for his advice" in the second paragraph is " ________".
A. 向他请教 B. 问他数量 C. 批评他 D. 劝告他
44. The second old man ________the three brothers.
A. was good to B. was not good to C. didn't like D. cheated(哄骗)
45. Both the two old men in the story were ________.
A. foolish B. clever C. poor D. rich
41-45 A B A A B
（10）
Tom lived by himself a long way from town. He hardly went to town, but one day he went into town to buy a few things. After he bought them, he went into a restaurant and sat down at a table. When he looked around, he saw some old people put glasses on before reading their newspapers. So after lunch he decided to go to a shop to buy himself one pair, too. He walked along the road, and soon found a shop.
The man in the shop let him try on a lot of glasses, but Tom always said, "No, I can't read with these."
The man became puzzled (迷惑的) , and he said, "Excuse me, but can you read?"
"No, of course I can't!" Tom said angrily. "If I could read before, do you think I would come here to buy your glasses?"
46. Tom lived ______.
A. with his family B. near town C. in the country D. in town
47. Tom didn't go to town______.
A. never B. often C. sometimes D. sometime
48. Why did Tom decide to buy a pair of glasses?
A. Because he thought if he bought them, he could read.
B. Because they were very bright.
C. Because they were cheap.
D. Because he could read newspaper.
49. Tom went to the shop to ______.
A. have a rest B. have dinner C. wear glasses D. buy a pair of glasses
46-49 C B A D
(11)
We know mosquitoes very well. Mosquitoes fly everywhere. They can be found almost all over the world, and there are more than 2,500 kinds of them.
No one likes the mosquito. But the mosquito may decide if she loves you. She? Yes, she. The male mosquito doesn’t bite! Only the female mosquito bites because she needs blood to lay eggs. She is always looking for things or people she wants to bite. If she likes what she finds, she bites. But if she doesn’t like your blood, she will turn to someone else for more delicious blood. Next time a mosquito bites you, just remember you are chosen. You’re different from the others!
If the mosquito likes you, she lands on your body without letting you know. She bites you so quickly and quietly that you may not feel anything different. After she bites, you will have an itch(痒) on your body because she puts something from her mouth together with your blood. When the itch begins, she has flown away.
And then what happens? Well, after her delicious dinner, the mosquito feels tired. She wants to find a place to have a good rest. There, in a tree or on a wall, she begins to lay eggs, hundreds of eggs.
( )51.All the people don’t like mosquitoes.
( )52.All mosquitoes like to bite people for blood.
( )53.If a mosquito wants to bite you, it means she is very tired.
( )54.The mosquito bites you too quickly and quietly to let you know.
( )55.The itch begins after the mosquito flies away.
51-55 FFFTT
(12)
Do you know why different animals or pests(昆虫) have their special colours? Colours in them seem to be used mainly to protect themselves.
Some birds like eating locusts(蝗虫), but birds cannot easily catch them. Why? It is because locusts change their colours together with the change of the colours of crops(庄稼). When crops are green, locusts look green. But as the harvest (收获)time comes, locusts change to the same brown colour as crops have. Some other pests with different colours from plants are easily found and eaten by others. So they have to hide themselves for lives and appear only at night.
If you study the animal life, you’ll find the main use of colouring is to protect themselves. Bears, lions and other animals move quietly through forests. They cannot be easily seen by hunters. This is because they have the colours much like the trees.
Have you ever found an even more strange act? A kind of fish in the sea can send out a kind of very black liquid(液体) when it faces danger. While the liquid spreads over(散开), its enemies(敌人) cannot find it. And it immediately swims away. So it has lived up to now though it is not strong at all.
( )56.From the passage we learn that locusts________.
A. are small animals
B. are easily found by birds
C. are dangerous to their enemies
D. change their colours to protect themselves
( )57.How can pests with different colours from plants keep out of danger?
A. They run away quickly.
B. They have the colours much like their enemies.
C. They hide themselves by day and appear at night.
D. They have to move quietly.
( )58.Bears and lions can keep safe because________.
A. they have the colours much like the trees
B. they move quietly
C. they like brown and grey colours
D. they live in forests
( )59.Why can the kind of fish live up to now?
A. Because it is very big and strong.
Because the liquid it sends out can help it escape from its enemies.
B. Because the liquid it sends out can kill its enemies.
C. Because it swims faster than any other fish.
( )60.Which is the best title for this passage?
A. The Change of Colours for Animals and Pests.
B. Colours of Different Animals and pests.
C. The Main Use of Colours for Animals and Pests.
D. Some Animals and Pests.
56-60 D C A B C
但上面字数有限啊！
⑧ 英语阅读题的答案
because they can be ready for the start of the lessons.
The students must have their lunch ans supper in dinning room.
They can only use the personal computer in dormitory room when the house rules allow.
Only the school doctors can give out medicines to the students.
⑨ 因特网的发展史
互 联 网 发 展 史
1、什么是Internet?
Internet是计算机交互网络的简称，又称网间网。它是利用通信设备和线路将全世界上不同地理位置的功能相对独立的数以千万计的计算机系统互连起来，以功能完善的网络软件（网络通信协议、网络操作系统等）实现网络资源共享和信息交换的数据通信网。
2、Internet的起源和发展
Internet的最早起源于美国国防部高级研究计划署DARPA（Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency）的前身ARPAnet，该网于1969年投入使用。由此，ARPAnet成为现代计算机网络诞生的标志。
从六十年代起，由ARPA提供经费，联合计算机公司和大学共同研制而发展起来的ARPAnet网络。最初，ARPAnet主要是用于军事研究目的，它主要是基于这样的指导思想：网络必须经受得住故障的考验而维持正常的工作，一旦发生战争，当网络的某一部分因遭受攻击而失去工作能力时，网络的其他部分应能维持正常的通信工作。ARPAnet在技术上的另一个重大贡献是TCP/IP协议簇的开发和利用。作为Internet的早期骨干网，ARPAnet的试验并奠定了Internet存在和发展的基础，较好地解决了异种机网络互联的一系列理论和技术问题。
1983年，ARPAnet分裂为两部分，ARPAnet和纯军事用的MILNET。同时，局域网和广域网的产生和逢勃发展对Internet的进一步发展起了重要的作用。其中最引人注目的是美国国家科学基金会ASF（National Science Foundation）建立的NSFnet。NSF在全美国建立了按地区划分的计算机广域网并将这些地区网络和超级计算机中心互联起来。NFSnet于1990年6月彻底取代了ARPAnet而成为Internet的主干网。
NSFnet对Internet的最大贡献是使Internet向全社会开放，而不象以前的那样仅供计算机研究人员和政府机构使用。1990年9月，由Merit，IBM和MCI公司联合建立了一个非盈利的组织―先进网络科学公司ANS（Advanced Network &Science Inc.）。ANS的目的是建立一个全美范围的T3级主干网，它能以45Mbps的速率传送数据。到1991年底，NSFnet的全部主干网都与ANS提供的T3级主干网相联通。
Internet的第二次飞跃归功于Internet的商业化，商业机构一踏入Internet这一陌生世界，很快发现了它在通信、资料检索、客户服务等方面的巨大潜力。于是世界各地的无数企业纷纷涌入Internet，带来了Internet发展史上的一个新的飞跃。
3、Internet在我国的发展进程及现状
关于中国公用数据通信网 我国已建立了四大公用数据通信网，为我国Internet的发展创造了条件。
（1）中国公用分组交换数据通信网（ChinaPAC）。该网于1993年9月开通，1996年底已覆盖全国县级以上城市和一部分发达地区的乡镇，与世界23个国家和地区的44个数据网互联。
（2）中国公用数字数据网（ChinaDDN）。该网于1994年开通，1996年底覆盖到3000个县级以上的城市和乡镇。我国的四大互联网的骨干大部分都是采用ChinaDDN。
（3）中国公用帧中继网（ChinaFRN）。该网已在我国的8大区的省会城市设立了节点，向社会提供高速数据和多媒体通信。
（4）中国公用计算机互联网（ChinaNet）。该网于1995年与Internet互联，物理节点覆盖30个省（市、自治区）的200多个城市，业务范围覆盖所有电话通达的地区。1998年7月，中国公用计算机互联网（ChinaNet）骨干网二期工程开始启动。二期工程将八个大区间的主干带宽扩充至155M，并且将八个大区的节点路由器全部换成千兆位路由器。
2000年下半年,中国电信利用n*10Gbps DWDM和千兆位路由器技术,对ChinaNet进行了大规模扩容。目前，ChinaNet网络节点间的路由中继由155M提升到2.5Gbps，提速16倍，到2000年底ChinaNet国内总带宽已达800Gbps，到2001年3月份国际出口总带宽突破3Gbps。
关于中国Internet的发展阶段
互联网在中国的发展历程可以大略地划分为三个阶段：
第一阶段为1986.6－1993.3是研究试验阶段(E-mail Only)
在此期间中国一些科研部门和高等院校开始研究Internet联网技术，并开展了科研课题和科技合作工作。这个阶段的网络应用仅限于小范围内的电子邮件服务，而且仅为少数高等院校、研究机构提供电子邮件服务。发展经历如下：
1986 : Dial up (Terminal)
1990 : X.25 (1989.11: CNPAC,1993.9: CHINAPAC)
1993.3 : Leased Line（DECnet） （Email Only）
第二阶段为1994.4至1996年，是起步阶段（Full Function Connection）
1994年4月，中关村地区教育与科研示范网络工程进入互联网，实现和Internet的TCP/IP连接，从而开通了Internet全功能服务。从此中国被国际上正式承认为有互联网的国家。之后，ChinaNet、CERnet、CSTnet、ChinaGBnet等多个互联网络项目在全国范围相继启动，互联网开始进入公众生活，并在中国得到了迅速的发展。1996年底，中国互联网用户数已达20万，利用互联网开展的业务与应用逐步增多。
第三阶段从1997年至今，是快速增长阶段。
国内互联网用户数97年以后基本保持每半年翻一番的增长速度。增长到今天，上网用户已超过2000万。据中国互联网络信息中心（CNNIC）公布的统计报告显示，截止到2001年6月30日，我国共有上网计算机约1002万台，其中专线上网计算机：163万台，拨号上网计算机：839万台，上网用户约2650万人，其中专线上网的用户人数为454万，拨号上网的用户人数为1793万，同时使用专线与拨号的用户人数为403万。除计算机外同时使用其它设备（移动终端、信息家电）上网的用户人数为107万。CN下注册的域名128362个，WWW站点242739个，国际出口带宽3257Mbps。
详情可参考中国互联网信息中心（CNNIC）的《中国Internet发展大事记》。 中国目前有十家具有独立国际出入口线路的商用性互联网骨干单位，还有面向教育、科技、经贸等领域的非营利性互联网骨干单位。现在有600多家网络接入服务提供商（ISP），其中跨省经营的有200家左右。
在网络基础设施方面，近年来，中国先后启用了数个国际光缆系统。已经建成并投入使用的有；中日、中韩、环球海底光缆系统、亚欧陆地光缆系统；正在建设的有：亚太2号海底光缆、中美海底光缆、亚欧海底光缆。1999年共有13条国内干线光缆投入使用或试运行。光缆总长100万公里。国内互联网骨干网络对原有信道全面扩容，中继电路以155M为主。随着密集波分复用（DWDM）技术广泛应用于光通信建设，互联网骨干网带宽可达2.5G-40G。
据中国电信集团公司副总经理冷荣泉介绍，我国因特网骨干网从1996年至今已经历了3个阶段：1996年之前，多数采用64K至2M传输通道；1997年至1999年多为2M至115M的通道；2000年到2001年从115M跳到了2.5G；从2002年开始，将逐步进入10G时代。
2002年1月11日，中国电信上海―杭州10G IP over DWDM建成开通，该通道所构建的长途波分复用传输系统，采用了思科公司长途波分复用系统和系列高速互联网路由器。这一系统已被世界各地的大型电信运营商用于构建规模庞大、运行快速稳定的“IP+Optical”网络，并被证明具有良好的稳定性、可靠性和先进性。这条全国最宽的数据通信通道的开通，标志着我国因特网骨干传输网从2.5G步入10G时代，标志着中国电信数据传输能力已经达到国际先进水平，中国电信的数据网已经成为真正的高速数据网络、海量带宽网。
关于中国十大互联网简况
目前我国有10家网络运营商（即十大互联网络单位），有200家左右有跨省经营资格的网络服务提供商（ISP）。十大互联网络单位分别是：
(1)中国公用计算机互联网（CHINANET） (2)中国科技网（CSTNET）
(3)中国教育和科研计算机网（CERNET） (4)中国金桥信息网（CHINAGBN）（已并入网通）
(5)中国联通互联网（UNINET） (6)中国网通公用互联网（CNCNET）
(7)中国移动互联网（CMNET） (8)中国国际经济贸易互联网（CIETNET）
(9)中国长城互联网（CGWNET） (10)中国卫星集团互联网（CSNET）
其中非营利单位有四家：中国科技网、中国教育和科研计算机网、中国国际经济贸易互联网和中国长城互联网。这十大互联网络单位都拥有独立的国际出口。调查显示，截止2001年9月30日，我国的国际出口带宽总和已达到5724M（见下图，未包括中国长城互联网的国际出口带宽数据），与CNNIC在2001年1月的互联网统计调查报告中公布的2799M相比，我国大陆在短短9个月的时间里，国际出口带宽增加了2925M，增幅为105%。其中，与美国相连的有4023M（占70.3%），与日本相连的有314M，与韩国相连的有251M，与中国香港相连的有749M，与中国澳门相连的有14M，还与澳大利亚、英国等国家相连。另外，这十大互联网络单位与国家互联网交换中心（NAP）之间的连接带宽也达到3558M。我国十大互联网单位之间的相互连接带宽数，以及我国部分ISP与十大互联网单位之间的连接带宽数和国际出口带宽情况请参考中国互联网联接带宽Flash图。
4、互联网带来的机遇与挑战
互联网给全世界带来了非同寻常的机遇。人类经历了农业社会、工业社会，当前正在迈进信息社会。信息作为继材料、能源之后的又一重要战略资源，它的有效开发和充分利用，已经成为社会和经济发展的重要推动力和取得经济发展的重要生产要素，它正在改变着人们的生产方式、工作方式、生活方式和学习方式。
首先，网络缩短了时空的距离，大大加快了信息的传递．使得社会的各种资源得以共享。
其次，网络创造出了更多的机会，可以有效地提高传统产业的生产效率，有力地拉动消费需求，从而促进经济增长。推动生产力进步。
第三，网络也为各个层次的文化交流提供了良好的平台。
互联网的确创造了一个奇迹，但在奇迹背后，存在着日益突出的问题，给人们提出了极大的挑战。比如，信息贫富差距开始扩大，财富分配出现不平等；网络的开放性和全球化，促进了人类知识的共享和经济的全球化。但也使得网络安全和信息安全成为非常严峻的问题；网络的竞争已成为国家间和企业间高技术的竞争和人才的竞争；网络带来信息的全球性流通，也加剧了文化渗透，各国都在为捍卫自己的网络文化而努力。中国拥有悠久的文化，如何使得这种厚重的文化在网络上得以延伸，这个问题显得尤其突出。
5、Internet的发展特点与趋势
Internet发展经历了研究网、运行网和商业网3个阶段。至今，全世界没有人能够知道Internet的确切规模。Internet正以当初人们始料不及的惊人速度向前发展，今天的Internet已经从各个方面逐渐改变人们的工作和生活方式。人们可以随时从网上了解当天最新的天气信息、新闻动态和旅游信息，可看到当天的报纸和最新杂志，可以足不出户在家里炒股、网上购物、收发电子邮件，享受远程医疗和远程教育等等。
Internet的意义并不在于它的规模，而在于它提供了一种全新的全球性的信息基础设施。当今世界正向知识经济时代迈进，信息产业已经发展成为世界发达国家的新的支柱产业，成为推动世界经济高速发展的新的源动力，并且广泛渗透到各个领域，特别是近几年来国际互联网络及其应用的发展，从根本上改变了人们的思想观念和生产生活方式，推动了各行各业的发展，并且成为知识经济时代的一个重要标志之一。Internet已经构成全球信息高速公路的雏形和未来信息社会的蓝图。纵观Internet的发展史，可以看出Internet的发展趋势主要表现在如下几个方面：
1）运营产业化
以Internet运营为产业的企业迅速崛起，从1995年5月开始，多年资助Internet研究开发的美国科学基金会（NSF）退出Internet，把NFSnet的经营权转交给美国3家最大的私营电信公司（即Sprint、MCI和ANS），这是Internet发展史上的重大转折。
2）应用商业化
随着Internet对商业应用的开放，它已成为一种十分出色的电子化商业媒介。众多公司、企业不仅把它作为市场销售和客户支持的重要手段，而且把它作为传真、快递及其他通信手段的廉价替代品，借以形成与全球客户保持联系和降低日常的运营成本。如：电子邮件、IP电话、网络传真、VPN和电子商务等等的日渐受到人们的重视便是最好例证。
3）互联全球化
Internet虽然已有三十来年的发展历史，但早期主要是限于美国国内的科研机构、政府机构和它的盟国范围内使用。现在不一样了，随着各国纷纷提出适合本国国情的信息高速公路计划，已迅速形成了世界性的信息高速公路建设热潮，各个国家都在以最快的速度接入Internet。
4）互联宽带化
随着网络基础的改善、用户接入方面新技术的采用、接入方式的多样化和运营商服务能力的提高，接入网速率慢形成的瓶颈问题将会得到进一步改善，上网速度将会更快，带宽瓶颈约束将会消除，互联必然宽带化，从而促进更多的应用在网上实现，并能满足用户多方面的网络需求。
5）多业务综合平台化、智能化
随着信息技术的发展，互联网将成为图像、话音和数据“三网合一”的多媒体业务综合平台，并与电子商务、电子政务、电子公务、电子医务、电子教学等交叉融合。十到二十年内，互联网将超过报刊、广播和电视的影响力，逐渐形成“第四媒体”。
综上所述，随着电信、电视、计算机“三网融合”趋势的加强，未来的互联网将是一个真正的多网合一、多业务综合平台和智能化的平台，未来的互联网是移动＋IP＋广播多媒体的网络世界，它能融合现今所有的通信业务，并能推动新业务的迅猛发展，给整个信息技术产业带来一场革命。
⑩ 因特网发展史
Internet的历史和发展
Internet最早来源于美国国防部高级研究计划局DARPA(Defense advanced Research Projects Agency)的前身ARPA建立的ARPAnet，该网于1969年投入使用。从60年代开始，ARPA就开始向美国国内大学的计算机系和一些私人有限公司提供经费，以促进基于分组交换技术的计算机网络的研究。1968年，ARPA为ARPAnet网络项目立项，这个项目基于这样一种主导思想:网络必须能够经受住故障的考验而维持正常工作，一旦发生战争，当网络的某一部分因遭受攻击而失去工作能力时，网络的其它部分应当能够维持正常通信。最初，ARPAnet主要用于军事研究目的，它有五大特点:
⑴支持资源共享；
⑵采用分布式控制技术；
⑶采用分组交换技术；
⑷使用通信控制处理机；
⑸采用分层的网络通信协议。
1972年，ARPAnet在首届计算机后台通信国际会议上首次与公众见面，并验证了分组交换技术的可行性，由此，ARPAnet成为现代计算机网络诞生的标志。
ARPAnet在技术上的另一个重大贡献是TCP/IP协议簇的开发和使用。1980年，ARPA投资把TCP/IP加进UNIX(BSD4.1版本)的内核中，在BSD4.2版本以后，TCP/IP协议即成为UNIX操作系统的标准通信模块。1982年，Internet由ARPAnet，MILNET等几个计算机网络合并而成，作为Internet的早期骨干网，ARPAnet试验并奠定了Internet存在和发展的基础，较好地解决了异种机网络互联的一系列理论和技术问题。
1983年，ARPAnet分裂为两部分:ARPAnet和纯军事用的MILNET。该年1月，ARPA把TCP/IP协议作为ARPAnet的标准协议，其后，人们称呼这个以ARPAnet为主干网的网际互联网为Internet，TCP/IP协议簇便在Internet中进行研究，试验，并改进成为使用方便，效率极好的协议簇。
与此同时，局域网和其它广域网的产生和蓬勃发展对Internet的进一步发展起了重要的作用。其中，最为引人注目的就是美国国家科学基金会NSF(National Science Foundation)建立的美国国家科学基金网NSFnet，1986年，NSF建立起了六大超级计算机中心，为了使全国的科学家、工程师能够共享这些超级计算机设施，NSF建立了自己的基于TCP/IP协议簇的计算机网络NSFnet。NSF在全国建立了按地区划分的计算机广域网，并将这些地区网络和超级计算中心相联，最后将各超级计算中心互联起来。地区网的构成一般是由一批在地理上局限于某一地域，在管理上隶属于某一机构或在经济上有共同利益的用户的计算机互联而成，连接各地区网上主通信结点计算机的高速数据专线构成了NSFnet的主干网，这样，当一个用户的计算机与某一地区相联以后，它除了可以使用任一超级计算中心的设施，可以同网上任一用户通信，还可以获得网络提供的大量信息和数据。这一成功使得NSFnet于1990年6月彻底取代了ARPAnet而成为Internet的主干网。
NSFnet对Internet的最大贡献是使Internet向全社会开放，而不象以前那样仅仅借计算机研究人员、政府职员和政府承包商使用。然而，随着网上通信量的迅猛增长，NSF不得不采用更新的网络技术来适应发展的需要。1990年9月，由Merit、IBM和MCI公司联合建立了一个非赢利性的组织——先进网络和科学公司ANS(Advanced Network&Science,Inc)。ANS的目的是建立一个全美范围的T3级主干网，它能以45Mb/s的速率传送数据，相当于每秒传送1400页文本信息。到1991年底，NSFnet的全部主干网都已同ANS提供的T3级主干网相通。
1969年12月，当ARPAnet最初建成时只有四个结点，到1972年3月也仅仅只有23个结点，直到1977年3月总共只有111个结点。但是近十年来，随着社会科技，文化和经济的发展，特别是计算机网络技术和通信技术的大发展，随着人类社会从工业社会向信息社会过渡的趋势越来越明显，人们对信息的意识，对开发和使用信息资源的重视越来越加强，这些都强烈刺激了ARPAnet和以后发展成的NSFnet的发展，使联入这两个网络的主机和用户数目急剧增加，1988年，由NSFnet连接的计算机数就猛增到56000台，此后每年更以2到3倍的惊人速度向前发展，1994年，Internet上的主机数目达到了320万台，连接了世界上的35000个计算机网络。现在，Internet上已经拥有5000多万个用户，每月仍以10－15％的数目向前增长，专家预测，到1998年，Internet 上的用户将突破1亿，到2000年，全世界将有100多万个网络，1亿台主机和超过10亿的用户。今天的Internet已不再是计算机人员和军事部门进行科研的领域，而是变成了一个开发和使用信息资源的覆盖全球的信息海洋。在Internet 上，按从事的业务分类包括了广告公司，航空公司，农业生产公司，艺术，导航设备，书店，化工，通信，计算机，咨询，娱乐，财贸，各类商店，旅馆等等100多类，覆盖了社会生活的方方面面，构成了一个信息社会的缩影。
1995年，Internet开始大规模应用在商业领域。当年，美国Internet业务的总营收额为10亿美元，预计1996年将会达到18亿美元。提供联机服务的供应商也从原先象America Online和ProdigyService这样的计算机公司发展到象AT&T、MCI、Pacific Bell等通信运营公司也参加进来。
由于商业应用产生的巨大需求，从调制解调器到诸如 Web服务器和浏览器的Internet 应用市场都分外红火。
在Internet蓬勃发展的同时，其本身随着用户的需求的转移也发生着产品结构上的变化。1994年，所有的Internet软件几乎全是TCP/IP协议保，那时人们需要的是能兼容TCP/IP协议的网络体系结构；如今Internet重心已转向具体的应用，象利用WWW来做广告或进行联机贸易。Web是Internet上增长最快的应用，其用户已从1994年的不到400万激增至1995年的1000万。Web站的数目1995年到三万个。
● Internet的规模
Internet已成为目前规模最大的国际性计算机网络。今天，Internet已连接60,000多个网络，正式连接86个国家，电子信箱能通达150多个国家，有480多万台主机通过它连接在一起，用户有2500多万，每天的信息流量达到万亿比特(terrabyte)以上，每月的电子信件突破10亿封。
同时，Internet的应用业渗透到了各个领域，从学术研究到股票交易、从学校教育到娱乐游戏、从联机信息检索到在线居家购物等，都有长足的进步。据统计，目前在Internet的域名分布中，.com--即商业所占比例最大，为41％；.e--（科教）已退居二线，占有30％分额。去年在Internet的成长中，商企界的成长占了其中的75％。
● Internet的未来
从目前的情况来看，Internet市场仍具有巨大的发展潜力，未来其应用将涵盖从办公室共享信息到市场营销、服务等广泛领域。另外，Internet带来的电子贸易正改变着现今商业活动的传统模式，其提供的方便而广泛的互连必将对未来社会生活的各个方面带来影响。
然而Internet也有其固有的缺点，入网络无整体规划和设计，网络拓补结构不清晰以及容错及可靠性能的缺乏，而这些对于商业领域的不少应用是至关重要的。安全性问题是困扰Internet用户发展的另一主要因素。虽然现在已有不少的方案和协议来确保Internet网上的联机商业交易的可靠进行，但真正适用并将主宰市场的技术和产品目前尚不明确。另外，Internet是一个无中心的网络。所有这些问题都在一定程度上阻碍了Internet的发展，只有解决了这些问题，Internet才能更好的发展。