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英语文章阅读的三个方法

发布时间: 2021-03-16 01:27:06

① 英语阅读的快速方法有哪些

1、浏览法。浏览法是指对一般不需要细致了解的书籍,只是从总体上粗略掌握书中大概内容的一种阅读方法。它可以在有限的时间内尽可能广泛地了解信息,有助于开阔视野,是博览群书所常用的重要方法。
浏览阅读主要是重点注意文中的一些关键位置:一是篇名,包括文章的题目和书名,题目是文章的眼睛,往往集中概括了全文的主要论点、主要论题或是主要内容等。通过研究题目,可以对文章或书籍有一个总体的认识。二是目录、序言、提要、索引等,这些将会帮助读者对文章或书籍大体框架、基本思路有所了解。三是正文,这一部分浏览的关键主要是开头、结尾以及中间各段落起首的中心句。将这些关键部分浏览完毕后,会对文章或书籍形成总的印象,如果经回忆有不够完整的地方,或有值得深究之处,可再作必要的重点补阅。
2、扫读法。扫读法是指对文章内容一目数行、一目十行地扫瞄,以大容量获取信息的一种快速阅读方法。
扫读法不像传统阅读方法那样逐字逐句地来读,而是将眼停的视域尽可能扩大,将几行文字、一段文字甚至整页文字作为每次眼停的注视单位,在快速扫视中获得对文章或书籍的总体印象、整体理解。这种方法最快可以由数行扫读达到一页一页扫读,逐页扫读的方法又称为面式阅读法。由于摆脱了个别字句上的语意纠缠,这种方法不仅提高了阅读速度,而且并不像有些人担心的那样会影响理解程度,很多时候甚至比逐字逐句阅读更能够把握文章内容的精髓。扫读法阅读的速度非常快,但要熟练掌握这种方法必须经常专门训练,比如经常做一些视力扩展训练,在平时阅读时要注意克服逐字逐句阅读的习惯,有意识地扩大每次眼停的视野范围。利用舒尔特数字表等进行专门的视力扩展训练,也是非常有效的方法。
3、跳读法。跳读法是指跳过一些无关紧要的部分而直取读物的关键性内容的一种快速阅读方法。
跳读与扫读不同,扫读是逐页扫视,而跳读则是有所取舍地跳跃式前进,只停留在那些最有价值的内容上阅读,其他次要内容则大段大段甚至整页整页地略过。所以,善于运用跳读法阅读,不但可以提高阅读速度,而且能够很快抓住关键,把握文章要旨。跳读的具体方法有多种:可以抓住标题、小标题、黑体字等关键处跳读,这些往往都是文中主要内容、中心题旨所在;可以根据关键词语的提示阅读,有关键词语的地方大都是同阅读者所关心的内容或问题联系最密切的;可以重点在篇章的开头、结尾,文中段落的首句或尾句跳读,这些常常是议论性文体的主要观点或论据要点的所在;可以沿着情节发展线索跳读,如在记叙文体中情节之外的纯景物、人物的大段静态描写可直接略过;可以根据语法结构的提示跳读,通过结构词语的帮助来把握书中的思路,如"由此看来"、"总之"等就可提示读者很快找到关键性的总结句。
4、寻读法。寻读法是指为得到急需的有关资料,在众多相关书籍资料中搜寻查找的一种快速阅读方法。
寻读法是日常工作和学习中经常使用的一种快速阅读方法。我们在辞典中查阅某个字词的意义或读音;在报纸上查看当天的重要新闻;在电视报上了解想看的电视节目;在产品说明书中查讯某个故障的排除方法;在某本书中通过目录提要寻找自己最感兴趣的内容;在写作中搜集需要引用的有关资料等时,都会自觉不自觉地用到寻读法。寻读时,要在快速扫视书页的过程中,能够很快地对自己所要查找的某些问题的细节如人名、地名、事件、年代、概念术语等,作出识别判断。这种快速筛选识别信息的能力,需要在阅读实践中不断锻炼提高。
5、猜读法。猜读法是指在读书读文章时,以所了解的题目或已看的前文作为前提,对后面的内容预作猜想,然后将其与后文实际内容进行印证比较的一种阅读方法。
猜读法使读者角度转换为作者,为作者设身处地地考虑作品内容的安排,这就使阅读活动始终处于高度活跃的积极思维状态,有助于锻炼提高读者的认识判断能力、创造能力。随着猜读准确性的提高,读者在阅读中领会把握作品内容的时间就会大为减少,因而猜读的能力对提高快速阅读能力也会起到重要的促进作用。猜读法最常见于情节类的作品阅读中,如《老人与海》中在读到桑提亚哥刚遇到鲨鱼之时,读者便可以猜想作者会怎样写他与鲨鱼的较量?最后结局会是如何?其他类型的作品,也可用猜读法阅读。读议论性文体时,可以先由题目设想作者怎样提出论点,采用哪些论据,用什么方法来具体论证。
运用猜读法时需要注意,猜读要以原文的某些材料作依据,不能毫无依据地凭空乱想。猜想之后,要在原文的相关处重点阅读,将猜想与原文的内容进行对照,一致便说明自己较好地准确理解了作品,不一致则说明自己的理解或作者对内容的处理有问题。在不断的猜想、比较、总结中,猜读能力会不断提高,思维能力与创造能力也会得到很好锻炼。

② 英文阅读技巧有哪些

在阅读英语材料时或是在考试过程中有很多人感到自己的阅读速度实在是跟不上需要,有些朋友就认为是自己的英语基础不行,然后就拼命的背单词,其实如果能够用正确的方法进行快速阅读训练的话,即使在原有的基础上也可以在阅读速度方面取得显著的提高,更何况很多情况下根本就不是英
语基础的问题。现在就让我们来看看练习快速阅读的四种方法。

1. 快速泛读(fast extensive reading)

平时要养成快速泛读的习惯。这里讲的泛读是指广泛阅读大量涉及不同领域的书籍,要求读得快,理解和掌握书中的主要内容就可以了。要确定一个明确的读书定额,定额要结合自己的实际,切实可行,可多可少。例如每天读20页,一个学期以18周计算,就可以读21本中等厚度的书(每本书约120页)。

2. 计时阅读 (timed reading)

课余要养成计时阅读的习惯。计时阅读每次进行5~10分钟即可,不宜太长。因为计时快速阅读,精力高度集中,时间一长,容易疲劳、精力分散,反而乏味。阅读时先记下“起读时间”(starting time),阅读完毕,记下“止读时间”(finishing time),即可计算出本次阅读速度。随手记下,长期坚持,必定收到明显效果。

3. 略读 (skimming)

略读又称跳读(reading and skipping)或浏览(glancing),是一种专门的,非常实用的快速阅读技能。所谓略读,是指以尽可能快的速度阅读,如同从飞机上鸟瞰(bird's eye view )地面上的明显标志一样,迅速获取文章大意或中心思想。换句话说,略读是要求读者有选择地进行阅读,可跳过某些细节,以求抓住文章的大概,从而加快阅读速度。据统计,训练有素的略读者(skimmer)的阅读速度可以达到每分钟3000到4000个词。
阅读时,先把文章粗略地浏览一下,看看文章中是否有自己工作和学习需要的或自己感兴趣的资料和信息,然后确定这篇文章是否值得细读。在查找资料时,如果没有充分时间,而又不需要高度理解时,就可以运用略读技巧。“不需要高度理解”并非指略读时理解水平可以很低,而是说略低于一般阅读速度所取得的理解水平是允许的。
一般阅读的目标是在保持一般阅读速度的条件下,获得尽可能高的理解水平,通常达到70%或80%。略读时,理解水平略低一些是预料之中的事,平均理解率达50%或60%就可以了。

略读有下列四个特点:

(1)以极快的速度阅读大量材料,寻找字面上或事实上的主要信息和少量的阐述信息。
(2)可以跳过某个部分或某些部分不读。
(3)理解水平可以稍低一些,但也不能太低。
(4)根据文章的难易程度和达到的目的,不断灵活地调整阅读速度。

③ 英语做阅读的方法

我初三的时候做了一本阅读书 中考英语除作文 满分。。

因为是初中 对词汇的要求内容 对结构 语法 和引申的要求很低 只要你弄懂文章在说什么 仔细判断审题就能做对。。当然也有一些变态题目。

只要初中阅读以选择题为主,可以先看题目 根据题目去读文章。并不要求一字一句的去读。但与题目相关的一定要仔细的看,可以用铅笔划出来。等看完一遍后,有时间的话,再回顾下题目,带着作者写这篇文章的目的去检查答案。就打个比方。Stop smoking 很简单的一个题目。题目的出题肯定是往吸烟有害的地方引申的,初中阅读很注重审题

④ 英语阅读理解有哪些基本的方法和技巧

老师和家长在指导孩子阅读之前,不妨先了解一下孩子真实的英语水平才可以做到“对症下药”。帮助孩子选择适合他们的英语读物比跟风阅读要有用,合适难度的书籍才能帮助孩子逐步提升阅读水平,长时间阅读不适合自己的书籍反而打击孩子的阅读自信。同时,家长和老师还需要及时了解孩子读书后是否真的能够理解书籍内容,避免囫囵吞枣,对书籍内容一知半解。

正确的英文阅读,首先就是要先弄清楚孩子所处的阅读水平,最好的原版阅读培养体系需要能够利用大数据精准检测并定位学生阅读能力,实现在分级阅读中用英语测评测试结果帮助制定指导目标。

其次就是选择适合孩子水平的读物。再进行目标的设置,并根据目标进行阅读并及时完成阅读,养成阅读习惯。

最后进行阅读练习来得到阅读练习反馈并再次进行能力测试来看阅读练习的成效。

第一步、英语能力测评,测试报告指导

睿乐生Renaissance STAR测试系统(Star Reading )是针对K12学生进行阅读评级以及监测学生阅读成长进度的一款阅读能力测评软件。老师可以利用阅读测试工具,快速地摸清学生水平,掌控学生的阅读难度、实施个性化的教学,实现因材施教!

这样的一个闭环式英语阅读能力培养体系是科学化和系统化的,然而真正能做到这样的阅读体系屈指可数!睿乐生的产品正可以帮助老师和家长达到这一点。

第二步、设定阅读目标,养成规律性阅读习惯

做完测试,了解了孩子的阅读能力后,就需要睿乐生Renaissance的AR分级阅读体系出马。AR分级阅读系统可以帮助大家找到符合自己阅读难度的书籍。

第三步、阅读练习后进行反馈再次进行英语阅读能力测试

孩子在阅读书籍后,可以用AR分级阅读进行阅读理解发测试,及时掌握孩子阅读情况,这样一来,老师和家长就不再会有“孩子们读了这些书都读懂了吗”这样的困惑。

当孩子完成一定时间的阅读和AR Quiz后,不妨让孩子再次进行STAR测试看看最新的英语阅读能力进展,这样一来,可以实时掌握孩子的水平发展进程。

⑤ 求阅读英文文章的技巧

一、阅读英文文章的技巧
1、扩大阅读视野
所谓阅读视野是指眼睛在“凝视”的瞬间所能接收或覆盖的印刷符号。普通读者眼睛停顿时可接收两个英语单词,阅读能力强的读者一眼可以看四个左右的单词,但能力差的读者一眼只能接收一个或者不到一个的单词。因此,在相等的阅读时间里,视野狭窄的读者所看到的单词要少得多,如果再经常复视,读速肯定快不了。
我们阅读时应该特别注意词的整体性,要把注意力放在句子中较大的单位上,而不要放在一个个孤立的单词上。例如,下面的句子可以分成三个词群,Most paragraphs/ have a topic sentence/ which expresses the central idea.我们不妨将它们作为三个相对独立的整体看待,阅读时,眼睛只要停顿三次而不是十次。
2、用英语思考
在阅读时,不必把英文翻译成中文,否则将大大地降低阅读速度,从而影响对阅读材料的全面理解。
3、注意预读
预读是每个读者必须掌握的一项基本阅读技巧。在我们正式阅读一本书之前,首先应该通过预读粗略地估计一下该书写的是什么内容。书籍预读主要包括以下七个方面(1)思考标题的含义(2)速读作者姓名与书籍出版日期(3)看看封面或书中的照片或插图(4)速读目录内容(5)浏览索引或附录(6)速读作者简介以及前言(7)浏览书尾的参考书目。
短篇文章预读要相对地简单一些。它主要包括阅读标题、作者姓名以及照片和插图。有些读者不知道预读的重要性,或者觉得它是浪费时间。特别是在做阅读与理解测试题时,时间一紧,他们就忽略预读,捧起文章就埋头看正文。由于跳过了预读这一重要环节,他们的阅读在相当长的时间内是在盲目的探索中进行的。
4、增强猜词能力
看文章经常会遇到一些生词。这时,我们不要急于查词典,许多生词的意义都可以猜出来。查词典不但会减慢读速,而且会打断读者的思路,降低阅读效率。 猜词义的方法多种多样。最常用的是根据上下文猜测生词的含义。另外我们还可以根据构词法(如前缀、后摄),同义词、反义词等揣摸某些生词的意思。当然,有不少生词(特别是一些抽象名词)的意思是很难猜出来的。如果它们对理解文章内容无多大妨碍,我们完全可以跳过它,不要把精力过分地放在猜词义上。只见树木而不见树林的阅读方法是不可取的。
二、不良的阅读习惯
1.音读
出声阅读的主要弊病就是使阅读速度和效率受说话速度的限制。因为,正常默读速度几乎要比出声朗读的速度快两倍以上。嘴唇的活动无疑会影响眼睛的扫视速度,"一个有效率的读者能够只要看到印刷符号,就直接获得意思,而不经过声音阶段。"因此,要克服这种不良的阅读习惯,就要训练自己养成通过视觉器官直接感知文字符号的视读能力。
2.心读
心读是一种很难观察到的阅读习惯。心读时,人体的任何部位,不论嘴、头或声带都没有动,只存在一种说话的内在形式:学生在内心里始终自言自语,清晰地发出并听着每个字音。这种毛病直接影响到阅读的速度和效率,并且矫正起来又比较困难。强制自己加快阅读速度的方法一般能逐渐克服这种坏习惯。
3.指读
指读是指用手指、铅笔或尺子等指着一个个词进行阅读的习惯。这种指读的单纯机械运用不仅会减慢阅读速度,而且还会把我们的注意力引向错误的方向。一个高效率的阅读者不会注意单词的位置,也不会在每个单词上平均花费时间,而是把注意力集中在作者要阐明的思想内容上。
4.复视
复视指的是读完一个句子或段落后回过头去重复阅读。阅读能力差的朋友往往过分依赖于复视以养成一种习惯。改变这种不良习惯的办法就是让自己阅读大量难度适宜的读物,这样就不会因遇到生词或不太懂的短语、句子或段落而回过头来再看,以至养成复视的习惯。
5.头的摆动
阅读时头部下意识地左右摆动是阅读的另一坏习惯。在阅读过程中,有些人往往尽量使自己的鼻尖对准他正在读的每一个字。这种头的摆动,学生往往意识不到,而正是这种不必要的动作往往对阅读速度产生影响。因此,必须克服这种毛病,养成阅读时只移动视线的习惯。
谢谢提问~~

⑥ 英语阅读的几个方法

1.词汇量——多多益善
2.学会分析长句,难句
3.培养良好的阅读习惯
4.课外广泛阅读
5.善于思考,敢于质疑,积极阅读
6.学会批判性阅读
7. 拓宽知识面

⑦ 做英语阅读理解有哪些技巧

做英语阅读理解的技巧有:

1、若针对举例子、人物言论出题,需要查找例子以及人物所说的句子前后的内容,然后与各选项逐一核对。

2、在出现一些关键词,如however,but,moreover, therefore,thus时,要特别注意句子前后意义的转折、递进、因果等关系。

3、细节理解题的答案一般是同义替换项或者同义转换。

4、选项中有绝对语气词的一般不是答案。如: must,never, the most, all, merely, only, have to, any, no,completely,none, 等。但不是绝对,也有例外。

5、注意选项中的副词、形容词和介词短语等与原文是否一致。如:must, may, often,should, usually,might, most,more or less,likely,all, never, few等存在程度不同,经常被偷换,往往被忽视。

6、注意干扰项特点:与原文内容相反;与原文内容一半相符,一半不同;叙述过于绝对化;原文没有提及。

(7)英语文章阅读的三个方法扩展阅读:

阅读积累要提高阅读水平,词汇量与短语量非常重要。所以要提高阅读水平,我们就得学会积累词语。我们不妨这么做:在通读全文后看第二遍,遇到生词尽可能根据上下文来猜,仍猜不出意思的,就查词典,然后将这些词抄写在一本可随身携带的小本子上。

每当有空时,就拿出这个小本子来背诵记忆。这样做不但不费时,而且效果也很好。因为不时地接触、反复地记忆,词汇量会增加得很快。

另外,句子都能看懂,但读完文章印象却不深,这就牵涉到对文章框架结构的整体理解。首先,要重视文章的标题和文章的首句,因为文章的标题或首句就是文章的主题,文章的内容就是围绕主题展开的;

其次,文章的结尾句往往是这篇文章的结论或作者写这篇文章的用意所在;再次,善于标注文章关键句,可以帮助你掌握文章的全貌,理解文章的主题。很多题目就是围绕它们而设计的。

⑧ 英语作文 阅读技巧

英语作文 英语作文的基本要求:
首先,一个段落必须有一个中心即主题思想,该中心由主题句特别是其中的题旨来表达。整个段落必须紧扣这个主题(stick or hold to the topic),这就是段落的统一性(unity)。其次,一个段落必须有若干推展句,使主题思想得到充分展开,从而给读者一个完整的感觉,这就是完整性(completeness or adequateness)。再者,一个段落不是杂乱无章的,而是有机的组合,句子的排列顺序必须合乎逻辑,从一个句子到另一个句子的过渡必须流畅(smooth),这就是连贯性(coherence)。下面我们就对这三个标准分别加以说明。
1、统一性
一个段落内的各个句子必须从属于一个中心,任何游离于中心思想之外的句子都是不可取的。请看下例:
Joe and I decided to take the long trip we'd always wanted across the country. We were like young kids buying our camper and stocking it with all the necessities of life. Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie. We started out in early spring from Minneapolis and headed west across the northern part of the country. We both enjoyed those people we met at the trailer park. Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner. To our surprise, we found that we liked the warm southern regions very much, and so we decided to stay here in New Mexico.
本段的主题句是段首句,controlling idea(中心思想)是take the long trip across the country。文中出现两个irrelevant sentences,一个是Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie,这一段是讲的是Joe and I ,中间出现一个Bella是不合适的。还有,Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner这一句更是与主题句不相关。再看一个例子:
My name is Roseanna, and I like to keep physically fit. I used to weigh two hundred pounds, but I joined the YMCA for an exercise class and diet program. In one year I lost eighty pounds. I feel much better and never want to have that much weight on my five-feet frame again. I bought two new suitcases last week. Everyday I practice jogging three miles, swimming fifteen laps, lifting twenty-pound weights and playing tennis for one hour. My mother was a premature baby.
本段的controlling idea 是like to deep physically fit,但段中有两个irrelevant sentences,一个是I bought two new suitcases last week,另一个是My mother was a premature baby。
从上面两个例子可以看出,native speakers同样会造出来irrelevant sentences。卷面上如果这种句子多了,造成偏题或离题,那问题就更严重了。
2、完整性
正象我们前面说得那样,一个段落的主题思想靠推展句来实现,如果只有主题句而没有推展句来进一步交待和充实,就不能构成一个完整的段落。同样,虽然有推展句,但主题思想没有得到相对圆满的交待,给读者一种意犹未尽的感觉。这样的段落也不能完成其交际功能。例如:
Physical work can be a useful form of therapy for a mind in turmoil. Work concentrates your thoughts on a concrete task. Besides, it is more useful to work —— you proce something rather than more anxiety or depression.
本段的主题句是段首句。本段的两个推展句均不能回答主题句中提出的问题。什么是“a mind in turmoil”(心境不平静)Physical work又如何能改变这种情况?为什么它能起therapy的作用?读者得不到明确的答案。因此,要达到完整就必须尽可能地简明。例如:
It is not always true that a good picture is worth a thousand words. Often writing is much clearer than a picture. It is sometimes difficult to figure out what a picture means, but a careful writer can almost always explain it.
段首句所表达的主题思想是一种看法,必须有具体事例加以验证。上述两个推展句只是在文字上对主题作些解释,整个段落内容空洞,简而不明。如果用一两个具体的例子的话,就可以把主题解释清楚了。比如下段:
It is not always true that a picture is worth a thousand words. Sometimes, pictures are pretty useless things. If you can't swim and fall in the river and start gulping water, will you be better off to hold up a picture of yourself drowning, or start screaming "Help"?
3、连贯性(coherence)
连贯性包括意连和形连两个方面,前者指的是内在的逻辑性,后者指的是使用转换词语。当然这两者常常是不可分割的。只有形连而没有意连,句子之间就没有内在的有机的联系;反之,只有意连而没有形连,有时行文就不够流畅。
1)、意连
段落中句子的排列应遵循一定的次序,不能想到什么就写什么。如果在下笔之前没有构思,边写边想,写写停停,那就写不出一气呵成的好文章来。下面介绍几种常见的排列方式。
A.按时间先后排列(chronological arrangement)
We had a number of close calls that day. When we rose, it was obviously late and we had to hurry so as not to miss breakfast; we knew the dining room staff was strict about closing at nine o'clock. Then, when we had been driving in the desert for nearly two hours —— it must have been close to noon —— the heat nearly hid us in; the radiator boiled over and we had to use most of our drinking water to cool it down. By the time we reached the mountain, it was our o'clock and we were exhausted. Here, judgement ran out of us and we started the tough climb to the summit, not realizing that darkness came suddenly in the desert. Sure enough, by six we were struggling and Andrew very nearly went down a steep cliff, dragging Mohammed and me along with him. By nine, when the wind howled across the flat ledge of the summit, we knew as we shivered together for warmth that it had not been our lucky day.
本段从“rose”(起床)写起,然后是吃早餐(“not to miss breakfast”, “closing at nine o'clock”),然后是“close to noon”,一直写到这一天结束(“By nine——”)。
B. 按位置远近排列(spatial arrangement)。例如:
From a distance, it looked like a skinny tube, but as we got closer, we could see it flesh out before our eyes. It was tubular, all right, but fatter than we could see from far away. Furthermore, we were also astonished to notice that the building was really in two parts: a pagoda sitting on top of a tubular one-story structure. Standing ten feet away, we could marvel at how much of the pagoda was made up of glass windows. Almost everything under the wonderful Chinese roof was made of glass, unlike the tube that it was sitting on, which only had four. Inside, the tube was gloomy, because of the lack of light. Then a steep, narrow staircase took us up inside the pagoda and the light changed dramatically. All those windows let in a flood of sunshine and we could see out for miles across the flat land.
本段的写法是由远及近,从远处(“from a distance”)写起,然后“get closer”,再到(“ten feet away”),最后是“inside the pagoda”……当然,按位置远近来写不等于都是由远及近。根据需要,也可以由近及远,由表及里等等。
C. 按逻辑关系排列(logical arrangement)
a. 按重要性顺序排列(arrangement in order of importance)
If you work as a soda jerker, you will, of course, not need much skill in expressing yourself to be effective. If you work on a machine, your ability to express yourself will be of little importance. But as soon as you move one step up from the bottom, your effectiveness depends on your ability to reach others through the spoken or the written word. And the further away your job is from manual work, the larger the organization of which you are an employee, the more important it will be that you know how to convey your thoughts in writing or speaking. In the very large business organization, whether it is the government, the large corporation, or the Army, this ability to express oneself is perhaps the most important of all the skills a man can possess.
这一段谈的是表达能力,它的重要性与职业,身份有关,从“not need much skill”或“of little importance”到“more important”,最后是“most important”。
b.由一般到特殊排列(general-to-specific arrangement)
If a reader is lost, it is generally because the writer has not been careful enough to keep him on the path. This carelessness can take any number of forms. Perhaps a sentence is so excessively cluttered that the reader, hacking his way through the verbiage, simply doesn't know what it means. Perhaps a sentence has been so shoddily constructed that the reader could read it in any of several ways. Perhaps the writer has switched tenses, or has switched pronouns in mid-sentence, so the reader loses track of when the action took place or who is talking. Perhaps sentence B is not logical sequel to sentence A —— the writer, in whose head the connection is clear, has not bothered to provide the missing link. Perhaps the writer has used an important word incorrectly by not taking the trouble to look it up. He may think that "sanguine" and "sanguinary" mean the same thing, but the difference is a bloody big one. The reader can only infer what the writer is trying to imply.
这一段谈的是a writer's carelessness,先给出一个general statement作为主题句,然后通过5个 ”perhaps”加以例证。
c. 由特殊到一般排列(specific-to-general arrangement)
I do not understand why people confuse my Siamese cat, Prissy, with the one I had several years ago, Henry. The two cats are only alike in breed. Prissy, a quiet, feminine feline, loves me dearly but not possessively. She likes to keep her distance from people, exert her independence and is never so rude as to beg, lick, or sniff unceremoniously. Her usual posture is sitting upright, eyes closed, perfectly still. Prissy is a very proper cat. Henry, on the other hand, loved me dearly but possessively. He was my shadow from morning till night. He expected me to constantly entertain him. Henry never cared who saw him do anything, whether it was decorous or not, and he usually offended my friends in some way. The cat made himself quite comfortable, on the top of the television, across stranger's feet or laps, in beds, drawers, sacks, closets, or nooks. The difference between them is imperceptible to strangers.
本段的主题句是段首句,它仅提出一个问题:为什么两只猫会被搞混。然后对两者进行比较,末句才下结论。
2)、形连
行文的逻辑性常常要靠适当的转换词语及其他手段来实现。请读下面这一段文字并找出文中用以承上启下的词语:
Walter's goal in life was to become a successful surgeon. First, though, he had to get through high school, so he concentrated all his efforts on his studies —— in particular, biology, chemistry, and math. Because he worked constantly on these subjects, Walter became proficient in them; however, Walter forgot that he needed to master other subjects besides those he had chosen. As a result, ring his junior year of high school, Walter failed both English and Latin. Consequently, he had to repeat these subjects and he was almost unable to graate on schele. Finally, on June 6, Walter achieved the first step toward realizing his goal.
本文中起承上启下的词语有两种,一种是转换词语(transitional words or phrases),另一种是起转换作用的其他连接手段(linking devices)。前者依次有:first, though, so, in particular, and, because, however, besides, as a result, both…and, consequently, and, finally.后者依次是:he, he, his, his, he, these, them, he, those, his, he, these, his. 本段中共有词汇105个,所使用的转换词语及其他连接用语共26个词,约占该段总词汇量的四分之一。由此可见,掌握好transitions不仅对行文的流(smoothness)有益,而且对于学生在半个小时内写120个词也是不无好处的。
一个段落里如果没有transitions也就很难有coherence了.我们看下面一个例子:
Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds. Writing uses written symbols. Speech developed about 500 000 years ago. Written language is a recent development. It was invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal. The word choice of writing is often relatively formal. Pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from. Pronunciation and accent are ignored in writing. A standard diction and spelling system prevails in the written language of most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and rise and fall of the voice. Writing lacks gesture, loudness and the rise and fall of the voice. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences.
本段中除了第6句开头出现一个起过渡作用的”it”之外,没有使用其他的过渡词语.这样,文中出现许多重复的词语,全段读起来也显得生硬而不自然。如果加上必要的过渡词语来修饰的话,这一段就成了下面一个流畅连贯的段落:
Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds; writing, on the other hand, uses written symbols. Speech was developed about 500 000 years ago, but written language is a recent development, invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal, while the word choice of writing, by contrast, is often relatively formal. Although pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from, they are ignored in wiring because a standard diction and spelling system prevails in most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and the rise and fall of the voice, but writing lacks these features. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences.
4、有损连贯性的几种情况:
考生在写作中经常出现下面几种错误:
1、不必要的改变时态,比如:
In the movie, Robert Redford was a spy. He goes to his office where he found everybody dead. Other spies wanted to kill him, so he takes refuge with Julie Christie. At her house, he had waited for the heat to die down, but they come after him anyway.
2、不必要的改变单复数,比如:
Everybody looks for satisfaction in his life. They want to be happy. But if he seeks only pleasure in the short run, the person will soon run out of pleasure and life will catch up to him. They need to pursue the deeper pleasure of satisfaction in work and in relationships.
3、不必要的改变人称,比如:
Now more than ever, parents need to be in touch with their children's activities because modern life has the tendency to cause cleavages in the family. You need to arrange family like it so that family members will do things together and know one another. You need to give up isolated pleasures of your own and realize that parents have a set of obligations to sponsor togetherness and therefore sponsor knowledge.
因此写作中,一定要注意时态,人称以及数的变化是否正确,要注意保持一致。
英语作文的书写格式
英文书写应符合书写规范,英文字母要写清楚、写整齐、写美观,字母的大小和字母之间的距离要匀称。书写应做到字形秀丽漂亮,通篇匀称和谐。
写英文字母要掌握正确笔顺。如字母i,应该先写下面的部分,然后再打点。有的学生却按写汉字的习惯从上到下写,写快了,就会把点和下面的十笔连在量起,显得十分别扭。字形t应为两笔。不少人却将两笔合成一笔,看上去不像t,倒像l或是e,难以辨认。另外,把r写成v,把q写成把g,把k写成h等等,都是中学生书写中常见的毛病。
不少人在四线三格的练习纸上书写尚有规矩,能按字母的占格、高低和大小要求书写,但在白纸或横线纸上书写,却显得十分幼稚拙劣。字母或跳上跳下,或一律写成同一高度,占上中两格的字母与占中下两格的字母完全没有高低之别。这些现象都要防止。
另外,书写时还要注意词与词之间要保持一定的距离,不能紧靠在一起。字母之间的连写也应该按照习惯,不能随意乱来。
在一篇字数有限的作文里,我们还要注意尽量不把一个单词拆开移行。万一要移行,则必须以音节为单位进行,如revolution这个词,依照音节移行的原则可以按re-,revo-, revolu-这几种方法移行。在移行时,我们还应特别注意以下几点:
1. 单音节词不能移行,即使是字母较多的单音节词,如through等也不能例外。
2.缩略词如Mr.,Dr.等不能和后面的名字拆开移行。
缩略的专用名词如U.K.,U.S.A等也不能拆开移行。
3.时间、量度及货币单位应视为一个整体;不能分开移行。如;
11:00P.M.应写在一行内,不能将11:00和P.M.分开移行;写38℃时,不能将38和℃分开移行。
4.由“年、月、日”表示的日期,如果必须分开移行只能将“月、日”与“年”分开。如January 6,1980不能将January和6分开移行,但可以把January 6,和1980分成两行。
5.含双写辅音字母的单词,在移行时要将辅音字母拆开。如better可拆成better,necessary可拆成necessary。
但如果双写辅音字母属于词根,后面又加了后缀,就不能将两个辅音字母拆开。如drill加上-ing后构成了drilling,就不可以将它拆成成dril-ling,而只能拆为drilling。
例文:
1.宠物:
A Talkative Parrot
A lady worked in a company. There were a lot of shops on her way to work. One morning, when she was walking to work, she passed by a new pet shop. She was so excited when she saw a parrot sitting beside the door. She really loved birds.
When she stopped to look at the handsome bird, it said to her, "Hey, lady, you are really ugly.”
This made the lady very angry. She quickly left the shop and went to work. On her way home, she passed the same pet shop again. This time the parrot saw her again, it said immediately:
"Hey lady, you are really ugly!"
The lady tried to control herself. She walked to the shopkeeper and told him that if the parrot said it again, she would have the police come and take it away. "I'm so sorry, madam. I promise it won't happen again," the shopkeeper said.
The next morning, when the lady walked past the pet shop, she pretended that she didn’t see it. But the parrot saw her at once and said to her quickly, "Hey lady."
She stopped and looked at the bird coldly. "Yes?" she answered in an angry voice.
The bird, sitting up straight and smiling at her, said, "You know."
2.人物:
Elizabeth Bennet (伊丽莎白)
The second daughter in the Bennet family, and the most intelligent and quick-witted, Elizabeth is the protagonist of Pride and Prejudice and one of the most well-known female characters in English literature. Her admirable qualities are numerous—she is lovely, clever, and, in a novel defined by dialogue, she converses as brilliantly as anyone. Her honesty, virtue, and lively wit enable her to rise above the nonsense and bad behavior that pervade her class-bound and often spiteful society. Nevertheless, her sharp tongue and tendency to make hasty judgments often lead her astray; Pride and Prejudice is essentially the story of how she (and her true love, Darcy) overcome all obstacles—including their own personal failings—to find romantic happiness. Elizabeth must not only cope with a hopeless mother, a distant father, two badly behaved younger siblings, and several snobbish, antagonizing females, she must also overcome her own mistaken impressions of Darcy, which initially lead her to reject his proposals of marriage. Her charms are sufficient to keep him interested, fortunately, while she navigates familial and social turmoil. As she graally comes to recognize the nobility of Darcy’s character, she realizes the error of her initial prejudice against him.
Bennet家庭的第二个女儿和最聪明和机智,伊丽莎白是自豪感和偏见的主演和其中一个在英国文学的最知名的女性角色。 她令人敬佩的质量是numerous—she是可爱的,聪明,并且,在对话定义的小说,她一样精采地交谈象任何人。 她的诚实、美德和活泼的机智使她在胡话之上起来,并且弥漫她的坏行为类跳起和经常恶意的社会。 然而,她的伶俐的口舌和倾向经常做仓促评断带领她迷路; 自豪感和偏见本质上是故事她(和她真实的爱, Darcy)怎样克服他们自己的个人failings—to发现浪漫幸福的所有obstacles—including。 伊丽莎白必须不仅应付一个绝望的母亲,一个遥远的父亲,二非常表现的更加年轻的兄弟姐妹,并且几位势利,对抗的女性,她必须也克服Darcy她自己的错误印象,最初带领她拒绝他的求婚。 而她驾驶家族和社会动乱,她魅力是充足保持他感兴趣,幸运地。 当她逐渐来认可Darcy’s字符的贵族,她体会她对他的最初的偏见错误。

⑨ 关于英语做阅读的方法

原来我也是
后来我好朋友教了我一方法
做了后特有效 基本阅读是错1或2个
强烈推荐你用
就是现在每天做一篇
做完后将不熟悉的单词全都查阅出来
而后通读2遍
记住奥 ,这里的步骤一个都不能少的
呵呵

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