现实主义英语文章阅读

1. 求文学中超验主义和现实主义的定义（英文）

更简洁一点
1.超验主义Transcendentalism
A literary and philosophical movement, asserting the existence of an ideal spiritual reality that transcends the empirical and scientific and is knowable through intuition.

2.现实专主义Realism：属
The representation in art or literature of objects, actions, or social conditions as they actually are, without idealization or presentation in abstract form.

2. 英语作文你是一个理想主义者还是现实主义者

就人性论而言，理想主义(idealism)持乐观的态度，具有性善的思想，认为人们是追求和平的，纵然有时候会犯错，造成战争，但却能从经验中学习，藉此改变他们的行为，不再发动战争。而现实主义(realism)，则主张人类的天性是丑恶且贪心的，喜爱权力，具性恶的思想，认为人们不懂从教训及经验中学习，而影响著政治行为。这两个不同的人性假说，是两种不同学说的基本根据，因此两者在其他主张中都持相反的观点。

其次，就国家政治的要求，两者都有所差别。理想主义认为政府应该是实施良好政治，他们所追求的，是要有道德标准的政府，要求良好统治的艺术。然而，现实主义则认为政府的行为是取决於外在环境因素，并非单是国家内部结构，国家并无好坏之分，要求的只是适当的行为，这些政治行为，与政治制度，文化背景和统治者的类型无关，只取决於外在因素。

再者，两者对战争、冲突都有不同的看法。理想主义认为战争是可以避免的，通过国际合作，如北约，联合国等，解决国际纠纷，又如国际法庭，处罚一些违反国际法的国家。理想主义者都相信合作和长久和平是可以实践的，透过国际组织和国际法来避免冲突，因此，军备是多余的。然而，现实主义是持相反主张，他们认为战争或冲突都是不可能避免的，无论是人类本性现实主义（human nature realism）、防御F实主义（defensive realism）或是进攻现实主义（offensive realism）都认为国际处於一个无政府状态，各个国家都关注自己国家的实力（power）与利益 (benefit)，军备是必要的，故此冲突是不可避免的。当现实主义者面对国际危机时，会主张以谨慎的处理手法，透过了解，谈判，及让步来化解，并藉此避免严重的战争。因此，他们不认为和平是长久的，反之都是短暂而人为的。

此外，理想主义和现实主义的不同之处，还在於两者的基本追求及目标。理想主义追求道德（moral），认为国家都是以道德作为目标，每个国家都应有道德思想及行为，因此，都要求国际道德来维持国际和平。然而，现实主义则认为国家利益是最重要的，要求国家的生存空间及国家力量，但现实主义者并不否定道德，只要在不损国家利益的大前提下，他们都会追求道德，然若两者互相有冲突，便会舍弃道德，争取利益。此外，现实主义者更认为，国际道德其实无助於解决国际关系的问题，因此，他们不会将道德硬套在国际政治中。

Reference:
Foster, J. (2000). The Nature of Perception. New York: Oxford University Press

3. 美国浪漫主义文学和现实主义文学的区别英文资料

The romantic literature in the United States is influenced by the romantic literature in Western Europe. 19 centuries half leaf, the rapid development of American capitalism, national consciousness and patriotic enthusiasm, get rid of bondage of English literature pay attention to the spirit of creation and the pursuit of freedom of the transcendental doctrine presented a splendid sight, so far the American romantic literature began to flourish. Therefore, its works from the content to the form have a distinct national characteristics. Romanticism emphasizes the spiritual function and the significance of intuition. It is believed that nature is full of spirit and man should return to nature. It advocates that art should make the reader get the stimulation and achieve the sublimation of the soul.
American Realism pays great attention the fact or reality; from idealism, hypotheses or sentimental doctrine of objective process; objectively and not by feelings to deal with thought and action, against all unrealistic or Utopian character. The reality of the early cheap optimism, began to show social contradictions. Under the influence of realistic and naturalistic literature in Europe, American Realism reflects the negative side of society from many aspects.
American realism with distinctive artistic features, lifelike, reflecting the broad picture of society, the introction of impressionism has even opened a way of American short stories, mature on American literature made great contribution.
【这是这段文字的翻译----
美国的浪漫主义文学深受西欧浪漫主义文学的影响。19世纪上半叶，美国资本主义迅速发展，民族意识和爱国热情高涨，摆脱英国文学的束缚、重视人的精神创造和追求自由的超验主义蔚为大观，至此美国浪漫主义文学开始蓬勃发展。因此其作品从内容到形式都具有鲜明的民族特色。浪漫主义强调人的精神作用和直觉的意义，认为自然界充满灵性，人应该回归自然，主张艺术要使读者获得刺激而达到灵魂的升华。

美国现实主义注重事实或现实；不受理想主义、臆测或感伤主义影响的客观过程；客观地而不凭感情地去处理思想和行动，反对一切不切实际或空想的性格。现实主义抛弃早期廉价的乐观主义，开始表现社会矛盾。在欧洲现实主义与自然主义文学的影响下，美国的现实主义从许多方面反映社会消极的一面。

美国现实主义各具艺术特色，逼真，反映广阔的社会图景，引进印象主义手法，甚至开辟了美国式短篇小说的途径，对美国文学的成熟作出了伟大的贡献。】
【= =，望采纳，来自英语帝】。

4. 为什么说傲慢与偏见是一部现实主义小说（最好用英文回答）

Actually no,this story is silly and silk , is really suck.the author 's opinion is really fault .

And the guy who said it's truly was as foolish as he could.

Don't trust that fool,Jane Orstin was nothing but a silly old virgin .
Althout she was rich.

5. 批判现实主义英文解释

critical realism
In the philosophy of perception, critical realism is the theory that some of our sense-data (for example, those of primary qualities) can and do accurately represent external objects, properties, and events, while other of our sense-data (for example, those of secondary qualities and perceptual illusions) do not accurately represent any external objects, properties, and events. In short, critical realism refers to any position that maintains that there exists an objectively knowable, mind-independent reality, whilst acknowledging the roles of perception and cognition.

Critical realism refers to several schools of thought. These include the American critical realists (Roy Wood Sellars, George Santayana, and Arthur Lovejoy) and a broader movement including Bertrand Russell and C. D. Broad. The Canadian Jesuit Bernard Lonergan developed a comprehensive critical realist philosophy and this understanding of critical realism dominates North America's Catholic Universities. In the UK, critical realism generally refers to a philosophical approach to the social and natural world - Roy Bhaskar's work is particularly well associated with this approach. The term is also used by several people in the science-religion interface community.

6. 美国现实主义文学流派简介(英文)

现实主义是文学艺术的基本创作方法之一，其实际运用时间相当早远，但直到19世纪50年代才由法国画家库尔贝和作家夏夫列里作为一个名称提出来，恩格斯为“现实主义”下的定义是：除了细节的真实外，还要真实的再现典型环境中的典型人物。(1888年4月初致玛.哈克奈斯信)

在文学艺术创作中，现实主义是与浪漫主义并驾齐驱两大思潮，其注重事实或现实；不受理想主义、臆测或感伤主义影响的客观过程；客观地而不凭感情地去处理思想和行动，反对一切不切实际或空想的性格。

As a term of art in philosophy, realism refers to a thesis that general properties, technically known as universals, have a mode of existence or a form of reality that is in a certain sense independent of the things that possess them. Opposing theses, known as nominalism, and conceptualism, hold that universals are not real or do not properly exist, that only indivials and particulars exist, and that it is only the corresponding general concepts of thought or universal terms of language, serving as equivocal denotations of many particular things, that deceive the mind into thinking so. Philosophical realism is also referred to as Platonic realism or Scholastic realism, depending on the nuances of the particular variant in mind. In some versions of realism, in stark contrast to everyday usage, a distinction is drawn between existence and reality, based on the idea that potentials can be real but that only actuals can exist.

In a separate context of discussion, realism is contrasted with both idealism and materialism, and is more controversially considered by others to be synonymous with the position in the philosophy of mind known as alism. In recent transmogrifications of the word, realism is contrasted with anti-realism and irrealism.

Increasingly these last disputes, too, are rejected as misleading, and some philosophers prefer to call the kind of realism espoused there metaphysical realism and eschew the whole debate in favour of simple naturalism or natural realism, which is not so much a theory as the position that these debates are ill-conceived, if not incoherent, and that there is no more to deciding what is really real than simply taking our words at face value.

Realism in philosophy can also refer to other forms of realism such as moral realism and scientik

7. 名词解释现实主义英文的

Realism:
1) concern for fact or reality and rejection of the impractical and visionary.
2) a. a doctrine that universals exist outside the mind;spcif: the conception that an abstract term names an independent and unitary reality
b. a theory that objects of sense perception or cognition exist independently of the mind
3) the theory or practice of fidelity in art and literature to nature or to real life and to accurate representation without idealization.

8. 我的论文题目是分析包法利夫人中的现实主义（全英文，因为是英语专业的）但是我的目录老师说没有结合原文

which each one can perform," the king went on. "

9. 哪位高人给份浪漫主义文学与现实主义文学的区别，英文的，是英文的！！！！

First,As for the theme, the realism literature originates from the real life, the essential characteristic emphasis is also the reappearance real life original condition. But the romantic literature originates from the myth, legend and nature, what the substantive characteristics stressed displays the life, displays the people to the life the fantasy and the ideal, stems from the life, and is higher than the life.
Second, he works themes speaking, the most significant realism literature the style feature is its honesty, mainly in its authenticity and objectivity two aspects. Romantic literature will be full of ideal colour, with strong subjective, presenting the fantasy and emotion as the basic characteristics.

Thirdly, expression is concerned, realism literature special attention to realistic uncluttered and details of characterization, a realistic morphological construction art world give realism literature has brought a unique artistic glamour. Romantic literature is through exaggeration, imagine, the symbol of the expressional technique, high-we vigour, majestic passion.

Four, characters will tell, realism literature is through typical characters to depict the works. The typical character make realism literary works created, in whole personality performance process shows certain social lasting, highly aesthetic values of characters. And romantic literature embody characters of main is a hero, legend.

10. “现实主义”用英语怎么说

现实主义
[词典] realism; actualism;
[例句]现实主义和自然主义都是一种模仿体版系或表现性的做法。权
Both realism and naturalism are mimetic systems or practices of representation.