越南战争高考英语阅读理解
『壹』 谁有高考英语阅读理解长篇的题目，越多越好
Passage 1
Up，，and Away！
Anadventurer who became the first person to fly across the English Channel on aclusterof balloons has launched a house into the sky just like inthe hit movie Up-in reparation for a more ambitious journey and a new record．
FearlessTrappe，from North Carolina，stepped into the cartoon themed home before flying above the LeonInternational Balloon Festival in Mexico more than a week ago．
The38-year-old Trappe was using the event as a warm-up for his plannedtrans-Atlantic flight scheled for next summer．He aims to complete the 2，500-mile journey in a seven-foot lifeboat carried by 365 huge heliumballoons．
Thebrave man is learning to sail a lifeboat，in case he needs to ditch intothe ocean ring the danger-filled adventure．
Hesill fly at between 18，000 feet and 25，000 feet，beating his previous world altituderecord of 21，600 feet，and must fly uninterrupted a distance ten times longer than his previousworld record of 230 miles in order to succeed．
Theadventurer Trappe，who holds records forcrossing the Alps，flying the most clusterballoons，and the longest distance，has spent his entire career，building up to thisambitious plan．
“Ididn’t wake up one day and think：‘I’ going to fly acrossthe Atlantic，’”he said．“Every attempt before this was prepared for this fight，I’ve been training for a long time”．
1．The adventurer flew acrossthe English Channel to__________．
A．test the balloons B．launch a house
C．shoot a hit movie D．prepare for breaking a record
2．To finish the journey，he will fly a distance of__________．
A．2500 miles B．18，000 feet C．25，000 feet D．230 miles
3．About the ambitiousjourney，which is NOT mentioned in thepassage?
A．When he will fly B．How high he sill fly
C．How far he will fly D．How long it will take him
4．How many world recordsdoes Jonathan hold?
A．Two B．Three C．Four D．Five
5．What does he lastparagraph imply?
A．Trappe can’t sleepworrying about the adventure
B．Trappe was born to set world records
C．Trappe always keeps his ambition in mind
D．Trappe never thought of crossing the Atlanticbefore
Passage 2
Everyday we go to school and listen to the teacher，and the teacher will askus some questions．Sometimes，the classmates will ask your opinions of the work of the class．When you are telling others in the class what you have found out aboutthese topics，remember that they must be able tohear what you are saying．You are not taking part ina family conversation or having a chat with friends---you are in a slightlyunnatural situation where a large group of people will remain silent，waiting to hear what you have to say．You must speak so thatthey can hear you---loudly enough and clearly enough but without trying toshout or appearing to force yourself．
Remember，too，that it is the same if you are calledto an interview whether it is with a professor of your school or a governmentofficial who might meet you．The person you are seeingwill try to put you at your ease but the situation is somewhat different fromthat of a ordinary conversation．You must take special carethat you can be heard．
1．When you speak to theclass，you should speak ______．
A．as slowly as possible B．in a low voice C．loudly D．forcefully
2．Usually，when you speak to the class，the class is _______．
A．noisy B．quiet C．having a rest D．serious
3 The situation in the class is ______ that in yourhouse．
A．not very different from B．sometimes the same as
C．sometimes not the same as D．not the same as
4．If you are having aconversation with an official，the most important thingfor you is ______．
A．to show your ability B．to be very gentle
C．to make sure that you can be heard D．to put the official at ease
5．The main idea of thispassage is ______．
A．that we should talk indifferent ways in different situations
B．that we must speak loudly
C．that we must keep silent at any time
D．that we must talk with the class
Passage 3
About21，000 young people in 17 Americanstates do not attend classes in school buildings．
Instead，they receive their elementary and high school ecation by working athome on computers．The Center for EcationReform says the United States has 67 public “cyberschools．” and that is about twice as many as two years ago．
The money for students to attend a cyberschoolcomes from the governments of the states where they live．Some ecators say cyberschools receive money that should supporttraditional public schools．They also say it isdifficult to know if students are learning well．
Other ecators praise this new form of ecation for letting studentswork at their own speed．These people saycyberschools help students who were unhappy or unsuccessful in traditionalschools．They say learning at home by computerends long bus rides for children who live far from school．
Whatever the judgement of cyberschools，they are getting more andmore popular．For example，a new cyberschool called Commonwealth Connections Academy will take instudents this fall．It will serve children inthe state of Pennsylvania from ages five through thirteen．
Children get free equipment for their online ecation．This includes a computer，a printer，books and technical services．Parents and students talkwith teachers by telephone or by sending emails through their computers whennecessary．
Students at cyberschools usually do not know one another．But 56 such students who finished studies at Western Pennsylvania CyberCharter School recently met for the first time．They were guests of honorat their graation．
1．What do we know from thetext about students of a cyberschool？
A．They have to take long bus rides toschool．
B．They study at home rather than inclassrooms．
C．They receive money from traditionalpublic schools．
D．They do well in traditional schoolprograms．
2．What is a problem withcyberschools？
A．Their equipment costs a lot of money．
B．They get little support from thestate government．
C．It is hard to know students' progressin learning．
D．The students find it hard to makefriends．
3．Cyberschools are gettingpopular became _______．
A．they are less expensivefor students
B．their students can work at their own speed
C．their graates are moresuccessful in society
D．they serve students in a wider age range
4．We can infer that theauthor of the text is _______．
A．unprejudiced in hisdescription of cyberschools
B．excited about the future ofcyberschools
C．doubtful about the qualityof cyberschoois
D．disappointed at the development ofcyberschools
『贰』 求10篇英语阅读（高一），越短越好，要答案
AEarly one morning, more than a hundred years ago, an American inventor called Elias Howe finally fell asleep. He had been working all night on the design of a sewing machine but he had run into a very difficult problem: It seemed impossible to get the thread to run smoothly around the needle.Though he was tired, Howe slept badly. He turned and turned. Then he had a dream. He dreamt that he had been caught by terrible savages whose king wanted to kill him and eat him unless he could build a perfect sewing machine. When he tried to do so, Howe ran into the same problem as before. The thread kept getting caught around the needle. The king flew into the cage and ordered his soldiers to kill Howe. They came up towards him with their spears raised. But suddenly the inventor noticed something. There was a hole in the tip of each spear. The inventor awoke from the dream, realizing that he had just found the answer to the problem. Instead of trying to get the thread to run around the needle, he should make it run through a small hole in the center of the needle. This was the simple idea that finally made Howe design and build the first really practised sewing machine.Elias Howe was not the only one in finding the answer to his problem in this way.Thomas Edison, the inventor of the electric light, said his best ideas came into him in dreams. So did the great physicist Albert Einstein. Charlotte Bronte also drew in her dreams in writing Jane Eyre.To know the value of dreams, you have to understand what happens when you are asleep. Even then, a part of your mind is still working. This unconscious(无意识的), but still active part understands your experiences and goes to work on the problems you have had ring the day. It stores all sorts of information that you may have forgotten or never have really noticed. It is only when you fall asleep that this part of the brain can send messages to the part you use when you are awake. However, the unconscious part acts in a special way. It uses strange images which the conscious part may not understand at first. This is why dreams are sometimes called “secret messages to ourselves”.1..According to the passage, Elias Howe was________.A. the first person we know of who solved problems in his sleepB. much more hard-working than other inventorsC. the first person to design a sewing machine that really workedD. the only person at the time who knew the value of dreams2.The problem Howe was trying to solve was________.A. what kind of thread to useB. how to design a needle which would not breakC. where to put the needleD. how to prevent the thread from getting caught around the needle3.Thomas Edison is spoken of because________.A. he also tried to invent a sewing machineB. he got some of his ideas from dreamsC. he was one of Howe’s best friendsD. he also had difficulty in falling asleep4.Dreams are sometimes called“secret messages to ourselves” because___.A. strange images are used to communicate ideasB. images which have no meaning are usedC. we can never understand the real meaningD. only specially trained people can understand themBLanguage learning begins with listening. Children are greatly different in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and later starters are often long listeners .Most children will “obey” spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word “obey” is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child .Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises.Any attempt to study the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that ring the first few months one or two noises sort themselves as particularly expressive as delight, pain, friendliness, and so on. But since these can’t be said to show the baby’s intention to communicate ,they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new words to their store. This self-imitation（模仿） on to deliberate（有意的）imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.It is a problem we need to get out teeth into. The meaning of a word depends on what a particular person means by it in a particular situation and it is clear that what a child means by a word will change as he gains more experience of the world .Thus the use at seven months of “mama” as a greeting for his mother cannot be dismissed as a meaningless sound simply because he also uses it at other times for his father, his dog, or anything else he likes. Playful and meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has begun to speak for himself, I doubt, however whether anything is gained when parents take advantage of this ability in an attempt to teach new sounds .5.Before children start speaking________.A.they need equal amount of listeningB.they need different amounts of listeningC.they are all eager to cooperate with the alts by obeying spoken instructionsD.they can’t understand and obey the alt’s oral instructions6.Children who start speaking late ________.A.may have problems with their listeningB.probably do not hear enough language spoken around themC.usually pay close attention to what they hearD.often take a long time in learning to listen properly7.A baby’s first noises are ________.A.an expression of his moods and feelingsB.an early form of languageC.a sign that he means to tell you somethingD.an imitation of the speech of alts8.The problem of deciding at what point a baby’s imitations can be considered as speech________.A.is important because words have different meanings for different peopleB.is not especially important because the changeover takes place graallyC.is one that should be properly understood because the meaning of words changes with ageD.is one that should be completely ignored（忽略）because children’s use of words is often meaningless 9.The speaker implies________.A.parents can never hope to teach their children new soundsB.children no longer imitate people after they begin to speakC.children who are good at imitating learn new words more quicklyD.even after they have learnt to speak, children still enjoy imitatingCThe greatest recent changes have been in the lives of women. During the twentieth century there was an unusual shortening of the time of a woman’s life spent in caring for children. A woman marrying at the end of the 19th century would probably have been in her middle twenties, and would be likely to have seven or eight children, of whom four or five lived till they were five years old. By the time the youngest was fifteen, the mother would have been in her early fifties and would expect to live a further twenty years, ring which custom, chance and health made it unusual for her to get paid work. Today women marry younger and have fewer children. Usually a woman’s youngest child will be fifteen when she is forty-five and is likely to take paid work until retirement at sixty. Even while she has the care of children ,her work is lightened by household appliances（家用电器）and convenience foods.This important change in women’s way of life has only recently begun to have its full effect on women’ s economic position. Even a few years ago most girls left school at the first opportunity and most of them took a full-time job. However, when they married, they usually left work at once and never returned to it. Today the school-leaving age is sixteen, many girls stay at school after that age ,and though women tend to marry younger ,more married women stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born. Many more after wads, return to full or part-time work.Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with both husband and wife accepting a greater share of the ties and satisfaction of family life, and with both husband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money and running the home, according to the abilities and interest of each of them.10.We are told that in an average family about 1990________.A.many children died before they were fiveB.the youngest child would be fifteenC.seven of eight children lived to be more than fiveD.four or five children died when they were five11.When she was over fifty, the late 19th century mother________.A.would expect to work until she diedB.was usually expected to take up paid employmentC.would be healthy enough to take up paid employmentD.was unlikely to find a job even if she is now likely12.Many girls, the passage says, are now likely to ________.A.marry so that they can get a jobB.leave school as soon as they canC.give up their jobs for good after they are marriedD.continue working until they are going to have a baby13.According to the passage,it is now quite usual for women to ________.A.stay at home after leaving schoolB.marry men younger than themselvesC.start working again later in lifeD.marry while still at school 参考答案:CDBAB DABDD DDC 帮你找了一些 字数限制传不上来 要是不够可以到这儿找 http://hi..com/jnm370480388/blogO(∩_∩)O~
新编大学英语（第二版） 新编大学英语（第二版）第一册阅读文参考译文 Unit One 课内阅读文参考译文 课内阅读文参考译文 以生命相赠 1 炸弹落在了这个小村庄里。在可怕的越南战争期间，谁也不知道这些炸弹要轰炸什么目标，而他们 却落在了一所有传教士们办的小孤儿院内。 2 传教士和一两个孩子已经丧生，还有几个孩子受了伤，其中有一个小女孩，8 岁左右，她的双腿被 炸伤。 3 几小时后，医疗救援小组到了。救援小组由一名年轻的美国海军医生和一名同样年轻的海军护士组 成。他们很快发现有个小女孩伤势严重。如果不立即采取行动，显然她就会因失血过多和休克而死亡。 4 他们明白必须给小女孩输血，但是他们的医药用品很有限，没有血浆，因此需要相配血型的血。快 速的血型测定显示两名美国人的血型都不合适，而几个没有受伤的孤儿却有相配的血型。 5 这位医生会讲一点越南语，忽视会讲一点法语，但只有中学的法语水平。孩子们不会说英语，只会 说一点法语。医生和护士用少得可怜的一点共同语言，结合大量的手势，努力向这些受惊吓的孩子们解 释说，除非他们能输一些血给自己的小伙伴，否则她将必死无疑。接着问他们是否有人愿意献血来救小 女孩。 6 对医生和护士的请求，孩子们（只是）瞪大眼睛，一声不吭。此时小病人生命垂危。然而，只有这 些受惊吓的孩子中有人自愿献血，他们才能够得到血。过了好一会儿，一只小手慢慢地举了起来，然后 垂了下去，一会儿又举了起来。 7 “噢，谢谢， ”护士用法语说。 “你叫什么名字？” 8 “兴， ”小男孩回答道。 9 兴很快被抱到一张床上，手臂用酒精消毒后，针就扎了进去。在整个过程中，兴僵直地躺着，没有 出声。 10 过了一会儿，他发出了一声长长的抽泣，但立即用那只可以活动的手捂住了自己的脸。 11 “兴，疼吗？”医生问。 12 兴默默地摇了摇头，但一会儿忍不住又抽泣起来，并又一次试图掩饰自己的哭声。医生又问是不是 插在手臂上的针弄疼了他，兴又摇了摇头。 13 但现在，偶尔的抽泣变成了持续无声的哭泣。他紧紧地闭着眼睛，用拳头堵住嘴想竭力忍住哭泣。 14 现在医疗小组非常担忧，因为针不该使他们的小输血者一直感到疼痛。显然出了问题。恰好这时， 一名越南护士前来帮忙。看到小男孩在哭，她用越南话很快地和他说话。听了小男孩的回答后，又立即 回答他。护士一边说，一边俯身轻轻拍着小男孩的头，她的声音亲切柔和。 15 一会儿，小男孩不再哭了，他睁开眼睛，用询问的目光看着越南护士。护士点了点头，小男孩的脸 上马上露出了宽慰的神色。 16 越南护士抬起头平静地对两名美国人说： “他以为自己快死了。他误解了你们，以为你们要他献出所 有的血，小女孩才能活下来。 ” 17 “那他为什么会愿意这么做呢？”海军护士问。 18 越南护士把这个问题向小男孩重复了一遍。小男孩简单地回答道： “她是我的朋友。 ” 19 他为了朋友甘愿献出自己的生命，没有比这更伟大的爱了。 课外阅读短文 1 参考译文 热爱你的邻居 1 在我看来，邻居在美国似乎要过时了。那个借给你 4 个鸡蛋或一架梯子的邻居朋友搬走了，现在住 在那儿的是陌生人。 2 有些关于邻居的老观念也许是荒谬的。 我们与邻居之间的关系正在发生变化， 这也许是该庆幸的事。 宗教上教导我们要“热爱你的邻居” ，其原文很可能为“尊敬你的邻居” ，但没有把它翻译好。爱不会因 为我们希望有爱而存在。 3 在美国，目前还住在五年前就住着的房子里的人，不到半数，因而没有什么理由仅仅因为是买了你 隔壁的房子住在那儿，你就要去热爱他们。一开始邻居间唯一的共同点是住得近，这并不足以使你们成 为最要好的朋友，除非后来有新的进展。选邻居做朋友的可能性很小，尽管这种情况也有。换言之，你 的邻居挑选你做朋友的可能性也很小。 4 与邻居的最佳关系是保持友好的距离。你们互相打招呼；在院子里见到时有时会聊一聊，讨论讨论 问题，需要帮助时互相帮助。你们（两家）之间的一簇簇灌木丛或者篱笆并不是冷漠无情的隔阂，而是 一道界限分明的边界。我们都喜欢有自己明确的分界线。 5 如果邻居换了人，整个邻里不会变。邻里该有什么还会有。如果你的周围确实有街坊，可以肯定， 下面的大多数人，都能在你的街坊邻里中找到： —— 一个子女很多却照料不过来的家庭； —— 一只常常钻垃圾桶的狗； —— 一座豪宅，里面的主人太富有了，以至于与邻里格格不入； —— 一个坏小孩，他偷窃、放火烧东西，虽然从来没人能够证实； —— 一直到三月还保留着圣诞灯饰的人； —— 整个夏天修草坪不超过两次的人； —— 每个星期都修两次草坪的人，其中有一次似乎总是在星期天早上7点半； —— 一户人家，好像从不关灯； —— 一个少年，他夏天时老是开着窗户把收音机放得震耳欲聋； —— 多数的晚上，把“汪汪”叫的狗放在户外直到 11 点半的人； ＿＿ 一对神秘的夫妇，他们来去无踪，无人知晓他们在干什么； —— 一对夫妇，与朋友开晚会总是会很吵闹，到了室外光告别就要花一个小时，而后扯着嗓门开始 互相喊再见； —— 不拉遮阳窗帘的人。 6 与以前的社区相比，人们更向往以前的邻里。也许社区是一个更好的单位。街坊邻里只是一群住得 近的人，而一个社区里却是一群放下个人牵挂、为更多人做一些重要事情的人。 课外阅读短文 2 参考译文 我们都需要朋友 1 有要好的老朋友是件好事，但结交新朋友则会更好。不论我们年龄有多大，我们都感激朋友给予我 们的支持与帮助。这种帮助可能是为一件小事，也可能是为了挽救我们的生命。帮助或支持的多少并不 是最重要的，真正重要的是拥有好朋友。 2 我刚交了一位新朋友——琼。结识她并不仅仅是又多了一位在街上碰到时打个招呼讲讲话的人，她 是一位可靠的朋友。她会跟我一起吃午饭，会顺便到我家来喝杯茶。我有时会无缘无故感到悲伤或忧愁， 这时她会听我说，是我感到有人理解我，她就是这样的人。 3 这对我来说可不是一件小事。仅与老友们保持联系，已经使我在时间和精力上勉为其难了，更不用 说结交新朋友了。 但是随着年龄的增长——现在我已经有 35 岁了——拥有一张安全的朋友关系网变得重 要了。随着老朋友的离开，这张网出现了一个个缺口。我现在需要花一些精力去结识新朋友。 4 结交朋友很像经历了可怕的分手后再去约会。你犹豫踌躇，裹足不前，因为你很难相信你又得从头 来过。但当你真正做的时候，它的难度还不到你预料的一半，而得到的回报却是你原本期望的两倍。 5 例如，我以前没见过琼，而她现在却是我最好的朋友之一。第一次相遇时我们都在市游泳池等自己 五岁的儿子下游泳课。琼当时正在读一本书，那本书我早已为我的读书俱乐部度过。我想跟她说些什么， 但却说不出来。我似乎已失去了说声“你好”的能力。 6 在更衣室里，我们又碰到了，当时我们的儿子都穿好了衣服正准备回家。我几乎是对着他的背说： “你觉得艾米·谭的书怎么样？”她转过身来，我却像个十几岁的孩子一样脸红了。 “噢， ”她说， “我正 在看《正骨师的女儿》 ，真的很喜欢这本书。自从我读过《喜福会》后，埃米一直是我最喜欢的作家。 ” 7 接下来的两次游泳课后，我们又互相交谈，比较我们的阅读书目，然后跟着我们的儿子跑出更衣室。 到了第五次游泳课时，我们约好了花一天时间去城里购物。对于像我这个年纪的人来说，你不觉得那是 很不寻常的吗？ 8 我过去基本上不挑选朋友。多年来，我让命运替我决定朋友。一份新工作，一所新城市，一幢昂贵 的公寓，让我与原本连说声“你好”都不可能的人成了朋友。然而随着年岁的增长，我对有些朋友已变 得不耐烦了，觉得这种因机遇建立的朋友关系有时会经不起生活变化的考验。这种类型的朋友，在你有 困难真正需要帮助时并不一定会帮助你。 9 我们和朋友在一起是能够自然不做作，那是一件很了不起的事，是一份很珍贵的礼物，不能不送给 其他朋友共同分享。结交朋友，享受友谊，其实并不需要花费那么多的时间，或那么多的努力。 Unit Two 课内阅读文参考译文 课内阅读文参考译文 特种快递 1 到了机场才发现我兄弟达成的班机延误了一小时。通常我在机场等候接人时，会把时间消磨在观看 飞机起降上。可那天晚上我头疼的厉害。我想喷气发动机所发出的噪音会使头痛的更厉害，于是决定在 机场内逛一会儿。 2 当我走过那些店铺时，碰巧看到陈列在那儿的航空箱包，这是我想起了自己的公文包。我这才意识 到没有提着它。我马上努力回忆：会把它遗忘在哪儿呢。自从离开航空公司票务柜台后，我没有在其他 任何地方停留过，所以我推想，我一定是把包放下后留在那里了。我急忙回去取，可是公文包已无影无 踪。起先我确信一定有人顺手把它提走了，但随后想，也有可能看到包的人已把它交给了柜台，便在票 务柜台排队等候。轮到我是，我描述了包的特征，并询问会不会有人把它交到了柜台，那位航空公司代 理摇了摇头。这是我朝他身后的行李输送带瞥了一眼，输送带正把行李从办理登记手续处往下面的装货 区传送。我大声叫道： “我的包就在那儿！ ”然而，当代理回头看时，公文包已传送到输送带的尽头，突 然消失看不见了。 3 “你看到自己的包了？”代理问我。 4 “是的！ ”我大声地说。 “它刚穿过那边那个口子。这下我怎么才能把它取回来呢？” 5 “这不难， ”代理回答说： “把你的行李领取凭证给我，我想我们能够在装机前截住它。 ” 6 “可我没有行李凭证！ ”我答道。 “我没办托运！我哪儿都不去，我是来接人的。 ”我平静了一下情绪， 解释了事情的经过，并指出很可能有人把包交到了柜台，而某位代理把它和其他行李一起办了托运并放 到了传送带上。 7 代理告诉我，能找回包的唯一办法是，填写一张认领单，在上面写清公文包的外观特征。等我填完 表格，代理打电话到下面的行李区查询时， （得知）包已被装上了一架班机，但不知是哪一架。代理抄下 了我的电话号码，并保证他们一找到包就给我打电话。尽管我住在苏城，离机场有一个半小时的车程， 他们还是会一找到包就把它送到我家来。 8 我兄弟的航班到了。我们领了他的箱子后便走向停车场找我的车。回家的路上，我把公文包的是告 诉了她。到了家，我们把行李从车上卸下来。当我兄弟从车里拿出一只公文包时，我真不敢相信自己的 眼睛。原以为已丢失的公文包其实根本就没有被带进机场！它一直躺在后座的地上。我意识到，此时此 刻航空公司的人正在开往丹佛、圣路易斯和芝加哥的航班上逐一检查行李，寻找我的公文包。我还得打 电话告诉他们，已经在自己的车里找到了包，一想到要打这个电话，心里真叫痛苦。 9 我们走进屋子时电话铃正响着。听电话时，我惊呆了，电话里一位航空公司的工作人员说： “我们有 好消息告诉你！我们在丹佛找到了你的公文包，11 点前应该能到这里。午夜后不久便能送到你家。 ” 课外阅读短文 1 参考译文 记忆力与人的大脑 1 我们能够确切地知道人类和其他一些智能动物是如何进行记忆 的吗？有人认为这永远都无法办到。但是，有些研究大脑功能及大脑和记忆的关系的科学家并不认同这 一观点。 2 现在，众所周知，和大脑的其他功能一样，记忆位于人脑的某些具体区域。这些区域可能被找到， 它们在大脑的位置也可能会确定下来。它们在瞬时记忆和长时记忆时共同运转。尽管科学家们尚未完全 认识大脑，他们已经取得了很大的进展，将来总有一天，人们能够从生理和心理两个角度来全面地描述 大脑。 3 有些人宣称他们能回忆起很多年前发生的事。你有过同样的经历吗？实际上，这些长时记忆中的细 微之处都准确无误，可以把它们比作大脑中的电影回放。一旦让这种记忆画面开始放映，我们便经历整 个记忆过程。这种大脑中的电影正是我们拥有自我意识的原因。由此我们明白我们是谁并能感知自身的 存在。 4 回想一下你在小学低年级学过的一些东西，比如一首长诗，一个笑话或一首歌。如果你还记得你往 往能很难准确地重复整首诗或整首歌。你往往会记得当时要你学会这首诗或这首歌的理由。这也许是为 了表演节目，还邀请了家人观看；也许是一次令人愉快的节日聚会，会上你父母要你把自己学会的东西 向在场的人汇报一下。 5 然而，有时候你甚至连瞬时记忆的细节都会遗忘。这往往发生在你的记住很多事情时，特别是当你 感到身体不适或没有休息好时。 6 我们都“学过”一些我们认为能帮助自己在学校考试中取得高分的知识。然而，当我们想要回想起 这些知识时，我们往往不是记不起来，就是只记得我们自认为学过的知识的一小部分。 7 你有没有经历过这样的事情：你正要给一个朋友打电话，却记不起电话号码了。你去杂货店替你妈 妈买样东西，到了那儿却记不起来她让你买什么。即便是一些我们记得滚瓜烂熟的东西，要用的时候也 会想不起来。也许 10 分钟后，也许第二天，我们的记忆会告诉我们这些是什么。不过，千真万确的是： 我们的记忆并不总是完美的。当然，通过训练，可以提高我们的记忆力。训练的方法通常包括重复要记 的事实。甚至把它们一遍一遍地写下来，直到轻而易举地记住。 8 记忆力使得我们能记住事实，结合新的信息来分析，从而做出对我们重要的决定。假如记忆总是完 美无缺的，那该多好啊！如果我们能更多地了解记忆的生理和心理机制，那该多好啊！ 课外阅读短文 2 参考译文 遗忘的益处 1 我们都曾希望拥有完美的记忆力，想要记住事情的每一个细节。 我们会遗忘在学校和家里学到的很多东西，这太糟糕了。如果我们对过去的记忆既不准确又不完整，我 们又怎么能够做出符合实际的自我评价呢？ 2 然而，完美的记忆力并不总是像人们想象的那么美好。有这样一个关于俄罗斯记者“S”的故事。他 只需看上几秒钟便能记住长串的数字、单词和许多页电话号码簿上的内容。甚至在多年以后，他仍能将 这些长串的信息倒背如流。他还记得他第一次记这些材料时的情景。3 “S”用各种各样的记忆“窍门”帮助自己记忆，其中的许多窍门涉及到在大脑中形成图像。不过， 你不必羡慕他，因为他有一个很严重的问题：不会遗忘。那些大脑中的图像老是浮现在他眼前，使他分 心，无法集中注意力。有时甚至连与人作简单的交谈都成问题。因为对方的话老是让他想起其他东西。 事实上，人们把他描述成一个“迟钝”的人。最终， “S”无法胜任自己的工作，只好以“记忆专家” 的身份巡回演出，向人们展示他的才能，以次来谋生。拥有这种记忆问题的人的例子还有很多，他们来 自不同的国家，说各种不同的语言。 4 或许你仍然认为拥有完美的记忆力是一件好事。那么，请你设想一下记住一切会是什么情形。每当 你回忆过去时，你都不但会记起你经历中的精华，而且还记得毫无价值的琐事。记忆也许会花上你数小 时，而不是片刻。你头脑中也许会一片混乱，使你无法把信息组织好。有了完美的记忆力，你也许会记 住那些最好能忘记的东西。难道你真想记住每次愤怒的争吵，每个你所犯的错误和生命中每个痛苦的瞬 间吗？“记住一切”会对你和家人，朋友的关系产生什么影响？成功地建立一种亲密关系是否有可能取 决于一定程度的遗忘呢？或许只有把那些不愉快的记忆锁进记忆的角落里不再去想，才有可能自信和乐 观呢？如果你记住这些，你就能理解为什么完美的记忆力不是我们该拥有的最佳记忆力。 5 就像牢记一样，某种程度的遗忘有助于我们的正常生活。那么，有益的遗忘和有害的遗忘之间的界 限又在哪里呢？如果你可以选择，你会选择清楚地记住哪些东西，又让哪些东西从你的记忆中消失呢？ 请想一想！ Unit Three 课内阅读文参考译文 课内阅读文参考译文 没有言语的交流 1 当你学一门外语的时候，你一定要学词汇和语法，但这些还远远不够。要想成功地进行交流，你还 必须学习该文化的非言语语言，或者说“身势语” 。身势语是一个术语，是我们用来描述那些可以传递信 息的脸部表情，手势以及其他身体动作的术语。这种交流方式非常重要，实际上我们用动作表达的信息 可以比用言语表达的信息更多。 2 有时候我们发现说一门外语很困难，因为我们可能不了解另一种文化的非言语信号，或者说那些信 号在我们自己文化中的含义可能迥然不同。例如，在世界上不同的地方，上下点头的动作就传递不同的 信息。在北美，该动作表示“我同意” 。在中东地区，向下点头表示“我同意” 而向上抬头表示“我不 ， 同意” 。日本人 说话的时候这个动作通常只是表示“我在听着呢” 。一位在美国的日本学生好不容易才了 解了其中的差别。在和一位推销员说话的时候，这位学生礼貌性地点头，表示我在听着。结果第二天那 位推销员就将一台崭新的洗衣机送到了他的公寓。 3 目光接触所表达的含义也很丰富，但是，在不同的国家里，它表达的意思不同。在一些讲西班牙语 的国家，孩子在与年长者谈话时，不直视对方的眼睛，以表示尊重。而在其他国家，别人则期待你看着 他的眼睛。例如，如果你在美国不这么做的话，人们会以为你害怕，尴尬或者是生气了。 4 世界上很多地方都用两中基本的手势来招呼别人朝自己走过来。 在亚洲， 人们把手指朝下微曲起来， 做摆手的动作，而有些北美人则用这个动作向孩子们道别。北美人用大致相同的手势招呼别人走过来， 但是他们的手指是向下弯曲的。因此，去国外访问的人必须了解这些差别，否则也许会表达错误的信息。 5 我们在谈话是与对方保持的距离同样也是交流过程中的一个重要方面，但是我们很少想到这一点。 通常，北美人比拉丁美洲人和中东人更喜欢彼此间距离大一点。在一个国际会议上可能会出现这样的情 景：谈话时两个外交官慢慢地从房间的这一头移到那一头，其中一个想竭力拉大彼此间的距离，而另一 个则想竭力缩小这一距离。通常，喜欢距离大的那个人一直退到背靠墙，无路可退为止，他的努力也以 失败告终。 6 尽管我们花了很多年时间来学习一门外语，如果我们不了解那个文化的非言语语言和正确的举止的 话，就会产生误解。如果我们不知道应该握手还是鞠躬，什么时候坐着，什么时候站着，在不熟悉的场 合应该有什么样的举止，那么我们就没有真正具备用外语交流的能力。或许在读，写，说，听四项传统 的交流技能之外还应该加上第五项技能：文化意识。 课外阅读短文 1 参考译文 学会任何聆听 1 在日常生活中，不良的听话习惯会给你造成很大的损害。不论是在工作中还是在社会生活中，你的成 功在很大的程度上与你如何听人说话有关。许多大企业和二十多所重点大学都非常关注我们的不良听话 习惯。为了找出问题的所在，解决这类问题，我们开设了“听话培训班”以及各类课程。 2 我给其中的一个培训班上课，我的教学经验告诉我，许多人看似在听，却并没有听到要点。因此， 他们从别人的话中得出错误的结论。当我们考虑该对别人持什么样的态度，以及如何使工作成功时，这 是很严肃的问题。 3 那些在许多方面给我们损害的不良听话习惯到底是什么呢？在对培训班上的许多学员进行深入研究 时，我观察到一些很常见的不良听话习惯，下面列举几种。4 我们没有心思等待。我们思维的速度大比多数人说话速度快四到十倍。因此，当我们等待别人说话 的时候，往往会走神。有时候，走神的时间挺长。 5 自认为已经知道了。我们很自信地以为知道别人想说些什么，以至于不去全神贯注地听。 6 我们是在看而不是在听。相互介绍时有多少次是由于你在注意对方的长相和动作而没能记住他的名 字？由于同样的原因，其他的信息也没有听进去，而这种情况比你可能会意识到的要普遍得多。 7 我们是忙碌的听众。我们会一边听人讲话，一边将部分注意力分散在报纸，电台或电视节目上。外界 的噪音也会分散我们的一部分注意力。所以我们没有真正在“听”也就不足为奇了。 8 以上是一些常见的听话时会有的毛病。幸运的是，只要稍加努力都可以纠正。我们提出三种方法来 帮助你成为更好的听众。 9 学会集中注意力。这是听别人说话的一个重要部分。试着玩玩这种游戏：二加三减五加四乘二减六 等于几？类似的练习被用在听力训练课程中。 10 减少分散注意的事物。 当别人要和你说话时， 决意把报纸放在一边， 也不同时听电台或看电视节目。11 复述指令。练习复述指令或指示，要正确无误。如果做不到，你显然就无法正确执行这些指令。 12 养成良好的听话习惯并非易事。听到，理解然后牢记信息需要很多精力。要听得准确，同时有要做 其他事情是非常困难的。当良好的听话习惯会让你收益。 13 如果你认识到那些会给你造成损害的毛病并能加以改正， 好运就会到来。 倾听他人说话会使你获得 更亲密的友情，更融洽的家庭关系。你还可能会得到更高的收入和更成功的生活。 课外阅读短文 2 参考译文 如何同任何人、在任何时间、 如何同任何人、在任何时间、任何场合谈话 1 善于交谈是生活中的一大乐趣，还能随之带来生活的最大回报。有时候这并不是件容易的事。但是， 你练习得越多，就越容易说得好。如果你希望能够和任何人，在任何时间和任何场合谈话，你需要牢记 六个要素。 2 首先，你无需说精辟的话让人引用。大部分时间里，别人并不期待你说出隽语。他们也不等着把你 所说的话录下来。因此，你只要开口说话，只要你的话有趣，足以吸引听众。 3 第二，正确的态度----交谈的愿望----是成为一名能说会道者的根本。与人交谈是尽量热情些。别人 也会对你的热情做出积极的反应，而且你会发现自己的确也变得满腔热情。另一方面，如果你在和别人 交谈时缺乏热情，他们也很容易发现，从而做出消极的反应。 4 第三点要记住的是要轮流发言。仔细倾听会使你成为更好的发言者。随后提问提得好也是出色交谈 者的标志。倾听是每一个人学习的一种方式。听得越多，你为自己成为一名优秀的交谈者所做的准备就 越充分。 5 第四个要点是努力开阔眼界。最优秀的交谈者能够谈论那些自己日常生活之外的议题和经历。你可 以通过旅游来拓宽自己的世界，但也可以足不出户就做到这一点。当然，你能通过阅读掌握知识。但是， 要记住的一个要点是，那些与你背景不同的人可以开阔你的谈话内容和思考范围。 6 第五点要记住的是，谈话不应过分严肃而且时间不应过长。幽默感很有用，有时讲个和自己有关的 小笑话也会使谈话轻松起来。 7 与人交谈要真诚。你应当对你的交谈对象坦率、诚实，正如你也希望他们这样对待你一样。你要乐 意告诉他们你的背景以及个人喜恶。那是谈话中相互理解、平等交换的一个重要方面，一个了解别人和 让别人了解自己的重要方面。对自己的情况要照实说，这样准没错。 8 无论你和一个人交谈，还是和许多人交谈，规则都是一样的，那就是建立联系。只要显示你的同情 心、热情和倾听的愿望，你就一定会成为一名谈话大师。 Unit Four 课内阅读文参考译文 课内阅读文参考译文 新的开端 1 当我父母开车离去，留下我可怜巴巴站在停车场上时，我开始寻思我在校园里该做什么。我决定我 最想做的就是平安无事地回到寝室。我感到似乎校园里每个人都在看我。我打定主意：竖起耳朵，闭上 嘴巴，但愿别人不知道我是个新生。 第二天早上我找到了上第一节课的教室，大步走了进去。然而，进了教室，我又碰到了一个难题。坐哪 儿呢？犹豫再三，我挑了第一排边上的一个座位。 3 “欢迎你们来听生物 101 课， ”教授开始了开场白。天哪，我还以为这是文学课！我的后脖根上冒出 了冷汗，摸出课程表核对了一下教室号-----教室号是对的，但我却走错了教学楼。 4 怎么办？上课期间就站起来走出去？教授会不会生气？大家肯定会盯着我看。算了吧。我还是稳坐 在座位上，尽量使自己看起来和生物专业的学生一样认真。 下了课后我觉得有点饿，便赶忙去自助食堂。我往拖盘里装了些三明治就朝座位走去， 就在这时，我无意中踩到了一大滩番茄酱。手中的托盘倾斜了，我失去了平衡。就在我屁股着地的刹那 间，我看见自己整个人生在眼前一闪而过，然后终止在大学上课的第一天。 摔到后的几秒里，我想要是没有人看见我刚才的窘想该有多好。但是，食堂里所有的 学生都站了起来，欢呼鼓掌，我知道他们不仅看见了我刚才的情景，而且下决心要我永远都不会忘掉那 一幕。 7 接下来的三天里，我独自品尝羞辱，用以果腹的也只是从安放在房间外的机器上买来的没有营养的 食品。到了第四天，我感到自己急需补充一些真正的食物。兴许三天的时间足以让校园里的人把我忘在 脑后。于是我去了食堂。 8 我好不容易排队取到了食物，踮脚走到一张桌子前坐下。突然我听到一阵熟悉的哗啦跌倒声，抬头 看见一个可怜的家伙遭遇了和我原先一样的命运。当人们开始像对待我那样欢呼鼓掌的时候，我对他满 怀同情。他站起身，咧嘴大笑，双手紧握高举在头顶上，做出胜利的姿势。 我是否摔了托盘，坐在教室的哪个位置，甚至于是否走错了教室，有谁会在乎呢？没 有人在乎。这不像在中学。在大学里，这些都无关紧要。我完全可以按自己的意愿行事。 10 一旦意识到我不必考虑别人的期望，只要自己满意就行，我感到释然。我开始把上大学看作一个美 妙的实验。我稍稍改变了自己的穿着，开始欣赏爵士乐，还认定自己喜欢光着脚走路。 11 在以后的大学生活里，我不再试图做出什么姿态，而是顺其自然。大学，在我看来，也许是唯一一 个有错误可以完全得到谅解的阶段（包括踩到番茄酱，摔了托盘） 。
『肆』 一篇英语阅读题 求答案以及翻译。
Photos that you might have found down the back of your sofa are now big business!
In 2005, the American artist Richard Prince’s photograph of a photograph, Untitled (Cowboy), was sold for $ 1, 248, 000.
Prince is certainly not the only contemporary artist to have worked with so-called “found photographs”—a loose term given to everything from discarded(丢弃的) prints discovered in a junk shop to old advertisements or amateur photographs from a stranger’s family album. The German artist Joachim Schmid, who believes “basically everything is worth looking at”, has gathered discarded photographs, postcards and newspaper images since 1982. In his on-going project, Archiv, he groups photographs of family life according to themes: people with dogs; teams; new cars; dinner with the family; and so on.
Like Schmid, the editors of several self-published art magazines also champion (捍卫) found photographs. One of them, called simply Found, was born one snowy night in Chicago, when Davy Rothbard returned to his car to find under his wiper(雨刷) an angry note intended for some else: “Why’s your car HERE at HER place?” The note became the starting point for Rothbard’s addictive publication, which features found photographs sent in by readers, such a poster discovered in our drawer.
The whole found-photograph phenomenon has raised some questions. Perhaps one of the most difficult is: can these images really be considered as art? And if so, whose art? Yet found photographs proced by artists, such Richard Prince, may riding his horse hurriedly to meet someone? Or how did Prince create this photograph? It’s anyone’s guess. In addition, as we imagine the back-story to the people in the found photographs artists, like Schmid, have collated (整理), we also turn toward our own photographic albums. Why is memory so important to us? Why do we all seek to freeze in time the faces of our children, our parents, our lovers, and ourselves? Will they mean anything to anyone after we’ve gone?
那被你在你的沙发下后面找到的照片现在是大笔生意!
在2005年，美国艺术家Richard Prince的照片，无标题的(牛仔)，以 $ 1, 248, 000被卖了。
Prince的确不是当代唯一的艺术家。他与所谓的“found photographs”—— 一个在不固定的期限里从旧货店发现的被丢弃的印刷品对旧广告或从一个陌生的家庭册页的非职业照片。 德国艺术家Joachim Schmid，相信“基本上一切值得看”，会集了被丢弃的照片、明信片和报纸图片自1982年以来。 在他持续的项目， Archiv，他根据题材编组家庭生活的照片： 有狗的人们; 队; 新车; 家庭的晚餐; 等等。
就像Schmid，这位自已出版几本艺术杂志编辑，也捍卫这些被找到的照片。 其中的一个，仅仅被叫作“Found”，是出生一多雪的夜在芝加哥，当Davy Rothbard回到他的汽车发现在他的雨刷之有一张的恼怒的字条： “为什么在这里，您的汽车在她的地方？”笔记成为了Rothbard’s致瘾出版物的，起点特点发现照片读者送，在我们的抽屉发现的这样海报。
The整体发现照片现象提出了有些问题。 或许一最困难是： 这些图象真的能被被认为是艺术吗？ 如果可以，那是谁的艺术？ 被找到的照片由艺术家，这样Richard Prince生产了，可以仓促地骑着他的马遇见某人？ 或者王子怎么创造了这张照片？ 这是大家的猜测。 另外，当我们想象这些找到的照片的艺术家们（比如Schmid）背后故事的时候，我们也转动往我们自己的摄影册页。 为什么是记忆很重要对我们？ 我们所有寻求为什么结冰在计时我们的孩子、我们的父母，我们的恋人和我们自己？ 它们是否将意味是在我们离去后的任何人的任何一切？
『伍』 2021年高考英语全国卷2 - 阅读理解C
You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, foreing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic procts.
你听说过塑料正在污染海洋——每年有480万到1270万吨塑料进入海洋生态系统。但是，一根塑料吸管或杯子真的能带来变化吗？艺术家本杰明·冯·黄想让你知道这是真的。他用塑料垃圾建造了巨大的雕塑，让观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料制品的关系。
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called“Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
今年年初，这位艺术家创作了一幅名为“Strawpocalypse”的作品，这是一对10英尺高的塑料波浪，凝结在半空，由从几次海滩清理志愿者中收集的168,000根塑料吸管制成，首次出现在越南胡志明市的埃斯黛拉广场购物中心。
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that' s part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
全球只有9%的塑料垃圾被回收利用。塑料吸管绝不是的塑料污染的最大来源，但最近它们受到了猛烈抨击，因为大多数人不需要用吸管喝饮料，而且由于它们体积小、重量轻，无法回收。冯·黄作品中的每一根吸管都可能来自一种只喝了几分钟的饮料。一旦饮料消失，吸管需要几个世纪才能消失。
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload's worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled "Truckload of Plastic, "Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been mped from a truck all at once.
在2018年的一篇文章中，冯·黄想举例说明具体的统计数据：每60秒，一卡车的塑料进入海洋。在这项名为“一卡车塑料”的作品中，冯·黄和一群志愿者收集了1万多块塑料，然后将它们绑在一起，看起来像是突然从卡车上被倾倒了下来。
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to rece their plastic footprint.
冯·黄希望他的工作也能帮助大公司减少塑料足迹。