英语最富有的人阅读答案

㈠ 全国英语等级考试三级阅读真题及译文答案

2017全国英语等级考试三级阅读真题及译文答案

导语：阅读理解是公共英语当中对考生来说比较难的一个题目，因为选项当中有很多迷惑人的答案，下面是我提供的2017全国英语等级考试三级阅读真题及译文答案，大家先练练手吧!

【2017全国英语等级考试三级阅读真题及译文答案一】

Today there are three different kinds of New Yorkers: the people who act as if they were born here; the people who are here and wish to be elsewhere; and the collection of virtual New Yorkers all over the world, who wish they were hying in New York. These are the three States of mind and what they have in common are longing and illusion. In fact, it' s a city of dreamers.

What makes New York special? New Yorkers are convinced of its speciainess--but Toronto is more diverse, London is larger, Washington is more powerful. So why does New York think it' s the capital of the world?

People often explain the problems in European cities by citing inequality. But New York today is one of the most unequal cities in America. In 2010, 1 percent of New Yorkers earned 45 percent of its income. That works out to an average of $ 3.7 million a year for the city' s top 34,500 households. The average daily income of this group is greater than the average annual income of the city's bottom 10 percent.

So why would people still come to try their luck in this tough place? Is it opportunity or illu- sion that draws them?

They come because any newcomer can find a place in the hierarchy of New York. If you look at a New York City restaurant, for example, the cook might be French, the people washing dishes might be Mexican, the hostess might be Russian, the owner might be British. They arc not all equal. They earn different rates. But they work together to get food to hungry people.

What New York demonstrates is this: immigration works. The city can use its immigrants, even the illegal ones. Though they broke the law by illegally crossing the borders, the city' s econ- omy would be a shell of itself had they not, and it would collapse if they were deported. Attracted here by the founding myth of the city, each immigrant is seeking to escape from history, personal and political. For him, New York is the city of the second chance.

46. The writer mentions the three kinds of New Yorkers to stress that_______

A. they share the same longingB. they are in pursuit of dreams

C. they are proud of their birthplace D. they wish to live in another place

47. In the eyes of New Yorkers, their city is_______

A. powerful

B. diverse

C. special

D. large

48. The figures in paragraph 3 are given to show that New York_______

A. favors the lucky

B. favors tue locals

C. is a city of inequality

D. is a city of opportunities

49. People keep coming to New York because they can find jobs that_______

A. challenge them

B. suit them well

C. pay them well

D. raise their status

50. It is hnplied in the text that New York is_______

A. a tolerant city

B. a wealthy city

C. a mythical city

D. a historical city

译文

当今有三种不同类型的纽约人：第一种表现得好像他们生来就在纽约;第二种虽然在纽约却希望生活在别处;第三种是来自世界各地的一群希望生活在纽约的虚拟纽约人。这是三种不同的心态，其共同点是憧憬和幻想。事实上，这是一座梦想家的城市。

是什么使得纽约与众不同?纽约人确信纽约是独一无二的—但是多伦多更加多元化，伦敦更大，华盛顿更有权势。那么，为什么纽约认为自己是世界之都呢?人们常常说欧洲的城市问题是不平等。但是当今的纽约是美国最不平等的城市之一。2010年，l%的纽约人的收入占到全纽约的45%。这意味着这个城市最有钱的34，500个家庭的平均年收入是370万美元。这个群体平均日收入要多于这个城市最贫穷的l0%的人的平均年收入。那么，为什么仍然有人愿意到这样一个不平等的地方来碰运气呢?吸引他们来到这里的是机会还是幻觉?他们来到这里是因为任何新来者都可以在纽约的不同层级中找到自己的位置。例如，你随便看一家纽约的饭店，他们的厨师可能是法国人，洗盘子的可能是墨西哥人，女服务员可能是俄罗斯人，店主人可能是英国人。他们并不完全平等。他们赚得不同的收入。但是他们一起工作把食物提供给饥饿的人们。纽约向我们展示的是：移民很有用。这座城市利用它的移民，甚至非法移民。虽然他们非法跨越边境破坏了法律，但是如果他们不那样做，这座城市的经济将只是一个空壳，如果把他们驱逐出境，这座城市的经济也会崩溃。被这座城市的传说所吸引，每个移民都想到这里来寻求一种对过去、个人以及政治生活的解脱。对于这样的移民来说，纽约是给了他第二次生命的城市。

答案

46.B【精析】主旨题。根据第一段内容可知，当今有三种不同类型的纽约人：第一种表现得好像他们生来就在纽约;第二种虽然在纽约却希望生活在别处;第三种是来自全世界的一群希望生活在纽约的虚拟的纽约人。这是三种不同的心态，其共同点是憧憬和幻想。事实上，这是一座梦想家的城市。故选B。

47.C 【精析】细节题。根据第二段第一、二句话：什么使得纽约与众不同?纽约人确信纽约是独一无二的`。故选C。

48.C【精析】细节题。根据第三段第二句话：但是当今的纽约是美国最不平等的城市之一。故选C。

49.B【精析】细节题。根据第五段第一句话：他们来到这里是因为任何新来者都可以在纽约的不同层级中找到自己的位置。故选B。

50.A【精析】推断题。根据最后一段可知，纽约吸纳了各种移民者(不论是否合法)来促进自己城市的经济发展。由此可以推知，纽约是一个宽容的城市，故选A。

【2017全国英语等级考试三级阅读真题及译文答案二】

We' ve read how babies stare longer and cry less when held by pretty people, and heard tales of handsome children doing better in school, given special attention by their teachers. In life, as in love, beautiful people seem to have it awfully easy. But what if we told you that when it comes to online dating, good looks could actually hurt you?

According to a recent survey of 43,000 users by OK Cupid, an online dating site, the moremen disagree about a woman' s looks, the more they end up liking her. What does that mean for ladies looking for a match? " We now have mathematical evidence that minimizing your weaknesses' is the opposite of what you should do," says the site's co-founder, Christian Rudder. "If you' re a little fat, play it up. If you have a big nose, play it up. Statistically, the guys who don't like it can only help you, and the ones who do like it will be all the more excited. "

The results of this study end up highlighting an idea that recent scientific research does indeed support. Which is this: the beautiful may have it good, but online, as in work and life, women who are too attractive don't always have an advantage.

Beauty creates more competition--among women, taught they must out-look each other for men and jobs and everyday satisfaction; and among men, who are competing for the most attrac- tive prize. All of which might help explain why 47 percent of corporate recruiters believe it' s pos- sible for a woman to suffer for being "too good-looking" ; why attractive women tend to face heightened examination from their female peers; or, finally, why men on OK Cupid end up con- tacting women who may ultimately be less attractive--because it removes the opposition. "If you suspect other men are uninterested, it means less competition," explains Rudder. "You might start thinking: maybe she's lonely., maybe she's just waiting to find a guy who appreciates her. at least I won' t get lost in the crowd. "

In the end, being beautiful will always have its blessings--but sometimes, there' s more to an

advantage than meets the eye.

51. It is generally believed that beautiful people_______

A. have less difficult in life

B. are less worried about love

C. pay less attention to others

D. like to gaze at lovely babies

52. The OK Cupid survey found that men' s arguments over a woman' s looks

A. have little meaning

B. benefit online dating

C. will actually hurt her

D. add to her popularity

53. Christian Rudder advises women to_______

A. play up their physical advantages

B. view their popularity scientifically

C. highlight their physical weaknesses

D. accept guys who are willing to help

54. The attitude of women toward their attractive peers is_______

A. critical

B. friendly

C. conservative

D. straightforward

55. The main idea of the text is that a woman' s good looks_______

A. help to shape ideas of beauty

B. can put her at a disadvantage

C. end up with blessings for her

D. will always appeal to the eye

译文

我们读过很多文章是关于漂亮的人抱着婴儿，婴儿会盯着看得时间更久，并且会哭得更少;也听过一些传说关于长得好的人在学校的表现更好。并且会受到老师的特殊照顾。在生活中，正如在爱情中一样，漂亮的人似乎生活得更容易。但是如果我们告诉你，在网上约会时，长得好看可能会伤害你，你会怎么样?根据一家互联网约会网站——0K丘比特最近一项针对43，000名用户所做的调查，男人越是不喜欢一位女士的外貌，最终越是可能喜欢上她。对于寻求另一半的女士来说，这意味着什么呢?“我们现在有绝对的证据表明你不应该隐藏自己的缺点，”该网站的合伙创办人——克里斯丁·卢德说。“如果你有点胖，突出它。如果你鼻子大，突出它。统计数据表明，不喜欢你的缺点的人只会帮助你，然而喜欢的人会更加兴奋。”

这个研究结果最终强调了，最近的科学研究确实支持了这一观点。该观点是：漂亮可能会有好处，但是在互联网上，正如在工作和生活中一样，太有吸引力的女性并不总是有优势。美丽带采更多的竞争，女性受到的教育是为了得到男人、工作以及日常的满足，她们必须比其他女性长得好看;而男性竞争是为了获得最好的战利品。这一切可能有助于解释为什么47%的招聘单位都认为长得太好看的女性可能会受苦;为什么女性同伴们对于长得好看的女性更加挑剔;最后一点，为什么在OK丘比特网站男性最终找的都是不怎么吸引人的女性——因为这减少了很多对手。“如果你觉得其他男性不感兴趣，那意味着更少的竞争，”卢德解释说。“你可能认为：可能她很孤独….可能她只是等着找一位欣赏她的男士…，至少我不会迷失在人群巾，”最终，长得好看总是幸运的，但是有时候与养眼相比还有更多可以成为优势的方面。

答案

51.A【精析】细节题。文章第一段详细介绍了这一点：我们读过很多文章是关于婴儿由漂亮的人抱着，会盯着看得时间更久，并且会哭得更少;也听过一些传说关于长得好的人在学校的表现也更好，并且受到老师的特殊照顾。在生活中，正如在爱情中一样，漂亮的人似乎生活得更容易点。故选A。

52.D【精析】细节题。根据第二段可知，0K丘比特最近针对43，000名用户所做的调查显示，男人越是不看好一位女士的外貌，最终越是可能会喜欢上她。故选D。

53.C【精析】细节题。根据第二段可知，克里斯丁·卢德建议女士们不要隐藏自己的缺点，要突出它。故选C。

54.A【精析】细节题。根据第四段第二句可知，女性同伴们对于长得好的女性更加挑剔，故选A。

55.B【精析】推断题。根据第四段可知，美丽引起更多的竞争，很多招聘单位都认为长得太好看的女性可能容易受苦;女性同伴们对于长得好的女性更加挑剔;在OK丘比特网站男性最终找的都是不怎么吸引人的女性。因此可推知，女性的美貌不总是带来优势，有时候也会带来不利。故选B。

;

㈡ 《巴比伦最富有的人》阅读+笔记（12/300）

《巴比伦最富有的人》是美国作者乔治·S·克拉森著，闹米 翻译，

豆瓣评分 7.8分，阅读分类：财商教育类，

读前自我提问：

1、巴比伦最富有的人是如何致富的？

2、巴比伦的富翁致富有什么秘诀？

3、巴比伦最富有的人能给我带来什么积极正面的影响？或者是可借鉴之处？

九宫格points:

1、巴比伦成为古代世界上最富有的城市，那里是当代金融基本原则的摇篮，这些原则如今已经在全球范围内被认同和使用。

2、关于学习，分两种：

一种是直接教会你所不回的；另一种是教会你一种方法，通过这种方法去学习你所不会的。

3、放债人奥加型扮米教会阿尔卡德，普通人致富的三步骤：

第一、学会花更敬源少的钱来满足家庭开销，来保证每个月可以有固定的存款；

第二、赚钱要向内行人寻求忠告；

第三、让钱来工作赚钱，再让赚来的钱继续赚钱。

4、摆脱贫穷七步走：

第一、存钱，至少收入的十分之一；

第二、控制支出，坚持做预算；

第三、使收入增值，坚持理财；

第四、守护财富，严防损失，投资的首要原则是保证本金安全，投资前向内行人请教；

第五、买一套自己的房子；

第六、做养老规划；

第七、提高赚钱的能力，坚持学习赚钱的亮租态技能；

5、人们需要保护也渴望被保护，.....。这种渴望是天性。

6、遇困境，要有决心，才能找到出路。

7、欠债还款计划

首先收入的70%用来维持开销；

然后用10%存钱，钱生钱；

用20%用开还债.

8、勤奋努力不一定能赚到大钱，但是想要赚大钱一定要勤奋努力，这是致富的第一秘诀；

9、巴比伦人最早发明了用货币进行交易，也是契约书和财产所有权的首倡者。

（践行）接下来要怎么做：

1、坚持每日学习投资理财知识；

2、坚持基金定投；

3、闲置的新房子拿来出租；

4、控制不必要的开销，并坚持每个月做好花销预算和月底开销复盘。

书评：

这本书中，作者通过是个小故事，总结出一个个鲜活的结论，每一章都是一个小故事，从告诫人们穷人要如何翻身致富，如何向富有的人学习赚钱经验，具体如何致富，遇到逆境该如何翻身等等一系列现实问题，许多当代年轻人遇到的财务问题，在本书中都可以找到答案，有机会可以看看....

㈢ 求英语阅读答案啦~初二

刘洋生于1978年10月,来自河南省。她是瘦的,高的。她看起来没有不同于其他女人。然而,刘洋被选为中国第一个女宇航员在太空6月16日,2012年。从那时起,她创造了历史。

刘洋是唯一的孩子在她的家人。她一直很努力地学习。“我们都相信她会产生很大的影响,因为她是善于解决各种困难。她总是在她的研究都取得了不错的成绩,”刘说的叔叔。
刘翔的高中同学记得刘洋很安静和害羞,但她对别人很友好。她总是有一个明亮的甜蜜的微笑在她脸上。
刘洋高中毕业后,她开始学习成为一个飞行员。刘训练很艰苦,但从没想过放弃。每天早上,她会跑至少5公里。除了培训以外,她还花了她的空闲时间在她的爱好。说到她的成功,刘说,“当我第一次加入了军队,我们都被告知,女性和男性不会区别对待。女飞行员男性飞行员可以实现相同的目标。
在太空中,刘洋做很多有趣的事情,比如打扫屋子,看着画册,玩魔方(魔方),做中国功夫。此外,她打电话给她的丈夫。
当刘洋成功和她的同事回到土地,她成为一个偶像(偶像)对许多青少年。

76年()。刘洋是此刻。
答:一个女人飞行员b .大学生
c .女性宇航员d .体育教练

77年()。下划线的单词“各种”可能意味着“______”之上。
答:各种各样的b光彩夺目的c .轻而易举的d .悬而未决的

78年()。刘洋创造了历史,因为______。
她又瘦又高,不同于其他女人
她善于处理不同的困难
c .她成为中国第一个女宇航员在太空
d .她总是有一个明亮的甜蜜的微笑在她脸上

79年()。刘洋在太空做了很多有趣的事情,除了_____。
答:有一个打扫屋子看着画册
c .做中国功夫d为丈夫做饭

80年()。以下哪一个是正确的根据这一段吗?
答:刘洋生于1978年10月,来自湖南省。
b .刘洋在她的研究都取得了不错的成绩在高中。
c .刘洋一直到目前为止第一个中国女性飞行员。
d当刘洋第一次参军,她被区别对待。

㈣ 专八英语考试阅读试题及答案详解

The Young Generation

Old people are always saying that the young are not whatthey were. The same comment is made from generation togeneration and it is always true. It has never been truer than it istoday. The young are better ecated. They have a lot moremoney to spend and enjoy more freedom. They grow up morequickly and are not so dependent on their parents. They thinkmore for themselves and do not blindly accept the ideals of theirelders. Events which the older generation remembers vividly arenothing more than past history. This is as it should be. Every new generation is different from theone that preceded it. Today the difference is very marked indeed.

The old always assume that they know best for the simple reason that they have been around abit longer. They don’t like to feel that their values are being questioned or threatened. And this isprecisely what the young are doing. They are question the assumptions of their elders anddisturbing their complacency. Office hours, for instance, are nothing more than enforced slavery.Wouldn’t people work best if they were given complete freedom and responsibility? And whatabout clothing? Who said that all the men in the world should wear drab grey suits and convicthaircuts? If we ruin our minds to more serious matters, who said that human differences can bestbe solved through conventional politics or by violent means, who said that human difference canbest be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? Why have the older generationso often used violence to solve their problems? Why are they so unhappy and guilt-ridden in theirpersonal lives, so obsessed with mean ambitions and the desire to amass more and more materialpossessions? Can anything be right with the rat-race? Haven’t the old lost touch with all that isimportant in life?

These are not questions the older generation can shrug off lightly. Their record over the pastforty years or so hasn’t been exactly spotless. Traditionally, the young have turned to their eldersfor guidance. Today, the situation might be reversed. The old—if they are prepared to admitit—could learn a thing or two from their children. One of the biggest lessons they could learn is thatenjoyment is not ‘sinful’. Enjoyment is a principle one could apply to all aspects of life. It is surelynot wrong to enjoy your work and enjoy your leisure; to shed restricting inhibitions. It is surely notwrong to live in the present rather than in the past or future. This emphasis on the present is onlyto be expected because the young have grown up under the shadow of the bomb: the constantthreat of complete annihilation. This is their glorious heritage. Can we be surprised that they shouldso often question the sanity of the generation that bequeathed it?

1. Which of the following features in the young is NOT mentioned?

[A] Better ecated. [B] More money and freedom.

[C] Independence. [D] Hard work.

2. What so the young reject most?

[A] Values. [B] The assumption of the elders.

[C] Conformity. [C] Conventional ideas.

3. Why do the young stress on the present?

[A] They have grown up under the shadow of the bomb.

[B] They dislike the past.

[C] They think the present world is the best.

[D] They are afraid of destruction.

4. What can the old learn from the young generation?

[A] Enjoyment is not sinful. [B] People should have more leisure time.

[C] Men might enjoy life. [D] One should enjoy one’s work.

答案详解：

1. D. 艰苦工作。这在第一段中第四句“青年一代受了更好教育，有大量的钱话，有更多的自由。他们成长的很快，不那么依赖于父母，他们独立思考得更多，不盲目接受老一代的理想……。”

A. 受更好的教育。 B. 更多的钱和自由。 C. 独立性。这三项均提及到。

2. C. 顺从。第二段集中讲到这一点。“因为老人们经常认为自己懂得多，理由就是他们经历得多。他们不喜欢自己的价值观受到怀疑或威胁。而这正是青年在做的。他们对老人们的设想提出疑问，打乱他们的自鸣得意。他们甚至敢于怀疑老一代创造了世界上可能最佳的社会。他们最反对的莫过于顺从。例如：他们说办公时间就是强制奴役，如果人们完全自由，绝对负责，他们的工作不会更好吗?而穿衣呢?谁说世界上所有的男人都该穿单调的灰色西装和剪成像罪犯似的短发?……。”这些词语都表示他们最反对的东西是遵从，“一致性”。所以

A. 价值。 B. 长者的设想。 D. 传统习俗观念。都是具体的某一点。

3. A. 他们在炸弹的阴影下成长。第三段倒数第四句起“由于年轻人是在炸弹战争的阴影下成长壮大：在不断受到全面歼灭的威胁之下，所以也只能期望他们重视目前。这是他们的光荣遗产。他们经常询问赠给他们遗产的这代人的头脑是否清醒。对此我们能表示惊讶吗?”遗产指的是第二段的种种问题所体现出来的东西，如：“谁说人类之差异能通过常规政策或暴力手段予以很好的解决?为什么老一代人常用暴力来解决他们的问题?为什么他们(老一代)个人生活那么不愉快。老有负罪感?为什么老纠缠于要积聚越来越多的物质财富?……。”

B. 他们不喜欢过去。 C. 他们认为现世界是最好的。 D. 他们害怕破坏。

4. A. 享受不是犯罪。这在第三段中间“老年人——如果他们准备承认的话——可以从他们的孩子们那里学到一两件事。他们能学的最大的课堂之一是享受不是犯罪。”“享受”是人可适用于生活各个方面的原则。从工作中获得乐处，享受闲暇时间，肯定不是错误。抛弃约束限制，生活在现在而不是生活在过去肯定也不是错。

B. 人们应有更多的闲暇。 C. 人可以享受生活。 D. 一个人应当享受工作。

词汇：

1. reminder 使共回想起某事的东西，提示者

2. complacency 自鸣得意，自满情结

3. take leave 擅自，任意，随意

I took leave to consider this matter settled. 请原谅我认为这事已经解决了。

4. conformity 与……一致，遵从

5. guilt 有罪，内疚

6. ridden (ride 的过去分词)受……支配的`，受……压迫

7. guilt-ridden 负罪感

8. amass 积累，积聚

9. a rat-race 激烈的竞争

10. shrug off 对……耸肩表示不屑一理，轻视，摆脱

11. spotless 无污点的，纯洁的

12. shed 摆脱，抛弃

13. annihilate 歼灭

14. bequeath 赠送，把……传给后代

15. sanity 头脑清醒健全

难句译注：

1. convict haircut. Convict 义：罪犯。罪犯和短发两字合在一起为“囚犯理的发式”。但在这里其含义根据上下文决定。前面讲到“谁说世界上所有的男人都应穿浅灰色的西装”，后面只能译成“剪成像罪犯似的短发呢”。本义有haircut义：修理整齐的短发。整齐划一表示绅士派的工作人中作风正派，认真负责，一丝不苟的精神。作者用了convict罪犯一字表示讽刺：“罪犯也是整齐划一的短发跟绅士们的要求一样，难道他们也是作风正派，认真负责，一丝不苟吗?”

写作方法与文章大意：

这是一篇论及“代沟”的文章。主要采用对比手法，一开始就提出了一个老问题：“老人们经常说年轻人不是从前那样了。这一评语代代相传，永远是对的，而今天比以前任何时候更正确。”下面几段就论述他们之不同点以及对比老少两代人的态度。

㈤ 职称英语理工类阅读判断专项试题及答案(2)

练习：

1.The country says that the investment of US $14 million is big enough for developing that country’s chip instry.

ARight BWrong CNot mentioned

2.That country gives top priorities to developing chips for military purposes.

ARight BWrong CNot mentioned

3.Although the licensing fees are not very high, that Far Eastern country cannot afford to pay.

ARight BWrong CNot mentioned

4.Many western countries ban the exporting of the most advanced chip-making technologies to that country to prevent them from being used for military purposes.

ARight BWrong CNot mentioned

5.Currently, almost all the flagship chipmakers in that country are owned by American investors.

ARight BWrong CNot mentioned

6.Mainstream chip proction technology develop rapidly.

ARight BWrong CNot mentioned

7.More than 10 chip plants being built in that country are an example of self-reliance.

ARight BWrong CNot mentioned

答案与题解：

1.B本题给出的信息是错误的。最后一段说到，如果新建的芯片中心能在改善该国在芯片行业的被动形势中起重要作用，该国认为：“... the US $14 million investment is still rather small”。

2.C文章没有提供这方面的信息。

3.B文章提到专利费较高，此句说较低，与原意不符。

4.A本题给出的信息是正确的。第二段有这样一句话：Currently, chip plants in this country are in a passive situation because many foreign governments don’t allow them to import the most advanced technologies, fearing they will be used for military purposes.这就是选A的依据。

5.C文章没有提供这方面的信息。

6.A选A的依据是第三段第一句：... mainstream chip proction technology shifts from one generation to the next every three to five years ...

7.B本题给出的信息是错误的。第四段第二句说明，这些芯片工厂的技术主要是从日本和新加坡进口的。

译文：微芯片研究中心成立

为了开发先进的微芯片生产技术，这个远东国家建立了一个研究中心，该中心启动资金为一千四百万美元，可以帮助该国开发自己的芯片工业，不必总是依赖于进口技术。

该中心将会应用自己的研究技术和设施，为本国芯片厂家开发新技术。这个国家名列首位的芯片制造公司说，芯片中心的成立可能使这个国家摆脱从他国购买即将淘汰的.技术的困境。由于许多外国政府担心先进技术会被用于军事目的，不允许这个国家的芯片生产厂家进口前沿技术，所以这些生产厂家处于一种被动局面。另外，由于这些芯片生产厂家必须向技术提供者支付高额的许可费，这也构成了他们决定要自力更生的一个重要原因。

由于主流芯片生产技术每隔 3～5年就要进行更新换代，所以掌握了新技术的厂家就可以以较低的成本制造出较好的芯片，而那些耗费数十亿美元建立起的厂家，如果设备落后，也将会被生产商所淘汰。

几个芯片厂正在建立之中，每个厂的造价都在几百万美元，其中大部分资金都流向了海外设备商和技术所有者——主要是日本和新加坡。

如果新建的芯片中心能在改变该国芯片行业的被动形势中起到重要作用，该国承认，一千四百万美元的投资仍是微不足道的。该国正在开发综合技术，大部分投资将用于与技术和知识产权所有者建立联盟。

Text three

The Biology of Music

Humans use music as a powerful way to communicate. It may also play an important role in love. But what is music, and how does it work its magic? Science does not yet have all the answers.

What are two things that make humans different from animals? One is language, and the other is music. It is true that some animals can sing (and many birds sing better than a lot of people). However, the songs of animals, such as birds and whales, are very limited. It is also true that humans, not animals, have developed musical instruments. 1

Music is strange stuff. It is clearly different from language. However, people can use music to communicate things — especially their emotions. When music is combined with speech in a song, it is a very powerful form of communication. But, biologically speaking, what is music?

If music is truly different from speech, then we should process music and language in different parts of the brain. The scientific evidence suggests that this is true.

Sometimes people who suffer brain damage lose their ability to process language. However, they don’t automatically lose their musical abilities. For example, Vissarion Shebalin, a Russian composer，had a stroke in 1953. It injured the left side of his brain. He could no longer speak or understand speech. He could, however, still compose music until his death ten years later. On the other hand，sometimes strokes cause people to lose their musical ability, but they can still speak and understand speech. This shows that the brain processes music and language separately.

By studying the physical effects of music on the body，scientists have also learned a lot about how music influences the emotions. But why does music have such a strong effect on us? That is a harder question to answer. Geoffrey Miller, a researcher at University College, London, thinks that music and love have a strong connection. Music requires special talent, practice, and physical ability. That’s why it may be a way of showing your fitness to be someone’s mate. For example, singing in tune or playing a musical instrument requires fine muscular control. You also need a good memory to remember the notes. And playing or singing those notes correctly suggests that your hearing is in excellent condition. Finally, when a man sings to the woman he loves (or vice versa)， it may be a way of showing off.

However, Miller’s theory still doesn’t explain why certain combinations of sounds influence our emotions so deeply. For scientists，this is clearly an area that needs further research.

词汇：

automatically .自动地

note 音符

stroke 中风

注释：

1.It is also true that humans, not animals, have developed musical instruments：人研制出了乐器，而动物则不能。Develop：研制，例如：Scientists are developing new drugs to treat cancer.科学家们正在研发新药用以治疗癌症。

练习：

1.Humans, but not animals, can sing.

ARight BWrong CNot mentioned

2.People can use music to communicate their emotions.

ARight BWrong CNot mentioned

3.We use the same part of the brain for music and language.

ARight BWrong CNot mentioned

4.Geoffery Miler has done research on music and emotions.

ARight BWrong CNot mentioned

5.It’s hard for humans to compose music.

ARight BWrong CNot mentioned

6.Memory is not an important part in singing in tune.

ARight BWrong CNot mentioned

7.Scientists does not know all the answers about the effects of music on humans.

ARight BWrong CNot mentioned

答案与题解：

1.B第二段的第三句：It is true that some animals can sing (and many birds sing better than a lot of people).可以看出有些动物会唱歌，而不只人类会唱歌。

2.A第三段的第三句：However, people can use music to communicate things — especially their emotions.这句清楚表明，人们可以用音乐来表达情感。

3.B第四段说明：科学证明人们用大脑的不同区域处理语言和音乐。在第五段，作者用Vissarion Shebalin的例子进一步说明人脑处理语言和音乐的位置不同，Shebalin中风以后不能讲话也听不懂别人的话，但他却能创作乐曲。

4.A第六段的第四句：Geoffrey Miller, a researcher at University College，London，thinks that music and love have a strong connection.这句说明Miller对音乐和爱(情感)的关系进行了研究，他得出的结论是：音乐和爱有密切的关联。

5.C文中没有提及创作乐曲是否困难。

6.B第六段有一句：You also need a good memory to remember the notes.此句说明必须具备好的记忆力记音符才能唱得符合调子。

7.A最后一段讲的是：科学家们需要做更多的研究才能解释为什么有些声音影响我们的情感会如此之深。也就是说，科学家不能全部解释音乐对人类的影响。

译文：音乐生物学

人们把音乐作为一种高效的交流方式，在爱情中它也可能会起到重要的作用。但是音乐是什么?它又是如何起到神奇的效果?科学界还没有给出答案。

哪两项事物使得人类不同于动物?一个是语言，另一个是音乐。当然一些动物会唱歌 (并且许多鸟唱得比很多人都好听) ，但是，动物的歌声是有限的，比如鸟类和鲸鱼。同样，是人类而不是动物开发出了乐器。

音乐是个奇怪的东西，它与语言有明显的不同。但是，人们能够用音乐去传达——尤其是情感。当音乐与歌曲中的语言结合在一起的时候，它就是一种强有力的表达方式。但是，从生物学来讲，音乐是什么?

如果音乐与语言真的不同，那么我们应该在大脑的不同区域内对音乐和语言进行加工处理，科学证据也证实了这一点。

有时，受过脑损伤的人会丧失他们处理语言的能力。但是，他们不会自动地丢失音乐才能。比如，维沙翁·舍巴林，一位苏联作曲家，在1953 年得了中风。他的大脑的左半边受到损害，他再也不能说话或是理解别人的话，但是他仍然能够谱曲，直到十年后他离开人世。另一方面，中风有时会使人们丧失音乐能力，但是他们仍然能够说话也能听懂别人的话。这就说明大脑是分别加了处理音乐和语言的。

通过研究音乐在人身体上的物理效应，科学家也了解到许多关于音乐是如何影响情感的。但是，为什么音乐对我们有如此强烈的影响?这是一个更难回答的问题。伦敦大学学院的研究员杰弗里·米勒认为音乐和爱有紧密的关，音乐需要特殊才能、练习和体能。这也许是一种方式让你展示你适合做某人的伴侣。比如，按调唱歌或者弹奏乐器需要有很好的肌肉控制力。你也需要有好的记忆力来记住音符。能正确地演奏或者唱出这些音符也证明你的听力也非常好。所以，当一个男人唱给他心爱的女人时(反之亦然) 音乐就可能成为一种展示的方式。

然而，米勒的理论仍然不能解释为什么声音的特定结合可以深深地影响我们的情感。对于科学家来说，这显然是一个需要深入研究的领域。

㈥ 英语阅读理解

彼得是一个工人在工厂里他每天都努力工作. 但他并没有赚到钱开始然而,他确信他会肉欲”越来越多的. 过了一段时间后,工厂变得越来越大,彼得赚了一大笔钱他停在厂里工作。他开了一家小店的城镇和出售货物不久,他已经赚更多的钱他能买得起一餐厅因为餐厅因为餐厅是唯一一个在那个小镇,彼得的生意非常很好的。
后来发现这本日记彼得会赚更多的钱,所以他卖掉他的商店,买了一本日记日记使他越来越丰富彼得设置一夜旅馆很快他便成了最富有的人之一。
1。彼得是个工人,他赢得了_ _____金钱。
一位很多B.much C.little D.few
2。彼得的餐馆很好因为_____。
他很擅长
他有足够的钱
其他rastaurant C.there不再有了
脑中浮现同一人物的人们爱他最好的
3。后来彼得发现_____。
他有足够的钱,可以休息一下
他想喝牛奶。非常谢谢你
他的日记会获得一个比一个商店
他的日记会赚更多瞥挣的钱比一家餐厅
4。彼得越来越丰富,因为_____。
商店在饭店餐厅太阳会后整宿的日记
5。从这段话我们知道彼得是个_____。
在这个城市B.richest A.famous人住在城市
C.clever和勤劳的人D.clever但是懒惰的人

㈦ 翻译关于比尔盖茨的一篇英语阅读。

比尔盖茨是微软的软件公司和世界上最富有的人之一。他出生于1955年10月28日,他和两个姐妹一起在西雅图长大。他是一个非常聪明的男孩。科学和数学是他最喜欢的两个科目在学校。他梦想成为一名科学家。
比尔开始玩电脑13岁。当时,电脑是一个非常大的机器。一旦他感兴趣的是一个非常古老的电脑。他和他的一些朋友花尽可能多的时间在电脑上。最后,他们想出了一个软件程序。比尔把它卖了4200美元时,他只有17岁。
1973年,比尔去了哈佛大学。1975年,比尔和他的合作伙伴开发称为基本的软件程序。这不是第一次创建的项目,但它的发明者是第一个决定,那些想要使用它应该为此付出代价。基本是成功的。然后比尔离开哈佛为微软工作,公司在1975年他开始与他的童年朋友保罗•艾伦(Paul Allen)。他们认为电脑将很快进入每一个办公室和家里。所以他们开始为个人电脑开发软件。他们改进了软件,使人们使用计算机更容易。经过多年的辛勤工作,微软成为最成功的公司之一。和比尔盖茨也成为世界上最富有的商人之一。

㈧ 高一外研英语周报33答案 ，要阅读讲解

高一英语下学期期中阶段检测参考答案及部分解析
参考答案
1-5 ABBCC 6-10ACABC
11-15 CBACA 16-20BCBCA 21-25 BACCB 26-30 DCADC
31-35 CBBCD 36-40AFBEG
41-45 CCABC 46-50BDBBA 51-55 DDCCC 56-60 BBACD
61. thoughts 62.are
63. what 64. be replaced
65. Interesting 66.of
67. The 68. completely
69. disappear 70.working
短文改错：
71. ... what would you ... what → who
72. ... we don't see her ... we → I
73. ... always here ... here → there
74. ... so we can't. so → but
75. ... a newly life. newly → new
76. Lucky, it's very cheap ...
Lucky → Luckily
77. ... each other on phone ...
phone前加the
78. ... come and stayed ... stayed → stay
79. ... take her for holiday. for → on
80. ... suggest to going ... 去掉to
One possible version:
From the picture we can see that a man iswashing his mother's feet, and his son is watching nearby. As we know, parentsare the first teachers of their children, so they have a great influence onthem.
However, nowadays many people don't takegood care of their elderly parents. They don't visit them regularly and showlittle concern about them. It is clear that they don't set a good example fortheir children.
It is the Chinese tradition to respect andtake care of the old. In my opinion, everyone has a responsibility to keep thattradition alive. So parents should pay attention to their own behavior becausethey are role models for their children.
部分解析
阅读理解：
A 篇 (家庭)
本文是记叙文。作者的儿子上大学后，他感到很寂寞。
21. B。推理判断题。根据第一、二段的描述可知，作者以前不想要孩子，认为孩子很多行为莫名其妙、不可理喻，只能给人带来麻烦。
22. A。推理判断题。根据第二段作者描述青少年时期的孩子they seemed to lose their minds，以及第四段作者描述他儿子到了青少年时期，觉得他处处不对可知，作者的儿子在这个时期很叛逆，总以自我为中心。
23. C。推理判断题。根据第五段的I miss him ... Even the dog misses him和最后一段的I guess I know how he feels可知，作者描写狗的感受是用来衬托自己的心情。
24. C。标题归纳题。作者在文中主要描写对儿子的思念之情。儿子上大学走了，留给作者的是无尽的思念，家也因为儿子的缺席而变得空空荡荡。文中的I am not alone in this sadness in this empty house点题，故C项标题贴切。
B 篇 (文娱)
本文是应用文。文章是对古典音乐小提琴手詹妮弗的介绍。
25. B。推理判断题。五岁的詹妮弗一点都不惧怕小提琴，有多年教学经验的父亲意识到女儿的与众不同。再根据詹妮弗十二岁就获得青年音乐家的称号可知，詹妮弗是个天生的小提琴手。
26. D。推理判断题。获奖后的詹妮弗觉得自己是在做梦，但下一分钟又清醒，由此可知对获得比赛桂冠，她感到很惊讶。
27. C。细节理解题。根据文中的her mother and I think she should spend more time in school可知，詹妮弗的父母希望成名后的她能在学业上多花时间。
C篇 (文学)
本文是夹叙夹议文。文章是一本关于青少年成长的小说的介绍及评论。
28. A。细节理解题。根据第一段的Turning 13 can be painful，第二段的These worries form the basis of Soto's latest book以及下文对《宽恕少年黑猩猩》的内容介绍可知，这部小说描述的是青少年成长中的烦恼。
29. D。推理判断题。根据第四段的It gets worse ... 可知，两位13岁的青少年面对自己突如其来的相貌变化感到担心和不安。
30. C。词义猜测题。根据上文的Joey climbs up a tree and hides himself there和下文的It was an escape from the world可知，悲伤的Joey躲在树上不下来是为了逃避，而Soto小时候也这么做过，因此一个远离悲伤的地方对青少年具有很大的吸引力。
31. C。推理判断题。根据最后两段的评论Ronnie ... must do everything in his power to return him to hisfun-loving spirit. That's what a friend does. ... All you need is a loyalfriend who will stick by you可知，Soto的最新力作告诉我们患难之中见真情的道理。
D篇 (健康)
本文是说明文。文章介绍了科学家对人类睡眠情况的探索及研究。
32. B。段落大意题。第一段介绍了美国人的平均睡眠时间从1910年的9小时缩短到1975年的7.5小时，再到2005年的6.9小时，由此可知美国人睡眠时间越来越少。
33. B。推理判断题。根据第二段Norman Stanley说的Some people need as many as 11 hours, but others need as few asthree可知，他认为每个人对睡眠时间的需求不同。
34. C。细节理解题。根据第三段可知，药物CX717可使实验室的猴子兴奋长达36小时，因此使用过此药物的猴子精力充沛。
35. D。推理判断题。最后一段作者指出睡眠少可以带给人们诸多好处，由此可知，他支持科学家在使人们保持长时间清醒方面的研究。

七选五：
话题：日常活动
本文是说明文。文章介绍了几条关于成功演讲的秘诀。
36. A。根据下一句的do your best to know your subject matter可知，演讲前要对演讲主题进行研究。
37. F。F项与上文的anintroction, the body of the speech和the conclusion相呼应。
38. B。根据下一句的any jokes可知，演讲时可以适当使用幽默。
39. E。说听众想听的话、提高说话声音、适当停顿以使听众思考以及肢体语言的运用都是表演出来的。故E项中的actor符合这种特征。
40. G。与听众的互动及在听众面前表演的技巧需要锻炼，故选G项。

完形填空：
话题：体育
本文是说明文。文章介绍了山地车运动的起源。
41. C。“想法（idea）”指代上文的thinkof riding bikes in the mountains。
42. C。人们在大路上骑自行车是稀松平常的事，故选always。
43. A。44. B。根据上文的riding和文中的Why not的反问可知，一些骑自行车的人“想到（thought about）”为什么不能在附近的山里“骑车（bike）”。bike此处用作动词。
45. C。现有的自行车不够结实是“问题（problem）”所在。
46. B。47. D。根据下文对自行车的要求widetires和higher offthe ground可知，对于“越野（off-road）”骑行运动，车手需要“更结实的（stronger）”自行车。
48. B。49. B。根据下文的Thecyclists found ... second-hand markets可知，商店里不“卖（sell）”山地自行车，因此车手们自己“设计（designed）”他们需要的自行车。
50. A。根据下文的once been popular和cleaned them up可知，二手车市场买到的是“旧的（old）”自行车。
51. D。在商店里买不到山地自行车，车手们在二手市场里“寻找（searching）”。
52. D。更换结实的车把和耐用的轮胎都是对自行车的“改进（improvements）”。
53. C。根据下文自行车爱好者学习骑车技巧可知，山地自行车运动“传播开来（spread）”。
54. C。骑着自行车跳跃石头等障碍是需要技巧的“移动（moves）”。
55. C。上文提到车手们会在很短的时间内骑下山，此处与之形成对比：有时，车手们也会不慌不忙地骑行，来欣赏沿途的风景。take it easy从容不迫，不慌不忙。
56. B。穿戴安全设备是为了“防止（prevent）”受伤。
57. B。根据第一段的The first mountain bikers were from Colorado ... 可知，科罗拉多州的山地自行车爱好者“举办（held）”了Fat Tire Festival，这开启了山地自行车运动。
58. A。根据下文的the companies began procing them in large numbers可知，生产自行车的公司认为山地车运动一定会“流行（popular）”起来。
59. C。大量山地自行车的生产使得其成为美国“最畅销的（best-selling）”自行车。
60. D。本句是一种假设，说明山地自行车的舒适度。“即使（even if）”在大路上骑山地自行车也会很舒适、很有趣。

语法填空：
61. thoughts。考查名词。由设空处前的your可知，此处填名词thoughts（想法）。
62. are。考查主谓一致。There be结构中谓语的数遵循就近原则，trends为复数，故填are。
63. what。考查连接词。设空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作宾语，故填what。
64. be replaced。考查语态。working in an office与replace之间是被动关系，故填be replaced。
65. Interesting。考查形容词。设空处表示“有趣的”，故填Interesting。
66. of。考查介词。because of是固定搭配，意为“因为”。
67. The。考查冠词。fact在此处表特指，故填The。
68. completely。考查副词。设空处作状语，修饰动词agree，故填completely。
69. disappear。考查动词。根据下文语境可知，此处表达的意思为“我认为朝九晚五的工作日将消失”。
70. working。考查非谓语动词。look forward to意为“盼望”，其中to为介词，后跟动词-ing形式作宾语。

[选做题参考答案及解析]
参考答案
I. 1-5 ADACD
II. 1-5 CBBAC 6-10CADDB
11-15 ADBAC 16-20 ACBBD
解析
阅读理解：
话题：节假日活动
本文是说明文。文章介绍了印度的排灯节。
1. A。细节理解题。根据第二段的Diwali has been celebrated in India for hundreds of years可知，印度的排灯节有着悠久的历史。
2. D。段落大意题。印度教信徒在排灯节点亮的灯是为了庆祝光明战胜黑暗、正义战胜邪恶。排灯节还是印度的新年，印度各个教派的信徒都庆祝这个重要的节日。由此可知，第三段主要是关于排灯节含义的介绍。
3. A。细节理解题。根据第五段的sweets and gifts are also a big part of Diwali和exchange presents可知，排灯节除了是印度重要的宗教节日外，人们在这个节日还相互赠送礼物。
4. C。推理判断题。印度的排灯节是家人和朋友相聚祈福并交换礼物的节日。根据奥巴马说的I was proud to host the first Diwali celebration可推测，奥巴马和米歇尔在孟买排灯节期间应该是度过了一段美好的时光。
5. D。写作目的题。本文主要介绍了印度排灯节的由来、庆祝方式以及世界其他地方人们庆祝该节日的情况。

完形填空：
话题：自然
本文是议论文。文章论述了给宠物狗穿衣服的问题。
1. C。根据but一词的转折可知，许多公司已经在“生产（procing）”宠物服装。
2. B。根据下文的the sweater can help keep ...可知，有些狗是有“必要（necessary）”穿毛衫的。
3. B。根据下文的shorthaired or hairless dogs可知，没有“浓密（thick）”毛发的狗很容易感觉到冷。
4. A。根据上文的get cold可知，毛衫可以让狗保“暖（warm）”。
5. C。根据上文毛衫带给狗的好处可知，小狗和短毛或没有毛的狗是最“需要（need）”毛衫的。
6. C。有些狗需要毛衫是因为它们没有应对低温的“能力（ability）”。
7. A。对于小狗和短毛狗的主人来说，给狗买御寒的毛衫是“不错的（good）”主意。
8. D。此处的protection指为让狗御寒而“穿（wear）”的毛衫。
9. D。根据下文的most don't need the extra protection可知，兽医并不“建议（suggest）”给长毛狗穿毛衫。下一段的are also suggested也是提示。
10. B。根据下文的low temperatures可知。
11. A。大多数的狗不需要穿毛衫是因为它们生来就能在低温中“生存（survive）”。
12. D。本段建议生活在零下十八度以下地区的狗应该穿“毛衫（Sweaters）”。
13. B。14. A。根据下文提及毛衫给动物带来的好处可知，对那些长期在“户外（outdoors）”行走的狗来说，穿衣服显得尤其“重要（important）”。
15. C。根据本句的end at the tail以及下文说长衣服的麻烦之处可知，最好的狗狗毛衫应该是“包住（cover）”胸、露出尾巴。
16. A。17. C。根据文中的manydogs will dislike them可知，狗穿太长的衣服很“难受（harder）”，因为它们不能“正常地（normally）”活动。
18. B。根据上文建议宠物主人给狗穿柔软、舒服的衣服可知，住在雪多的地方的宠物主人应该给狗“找寻（find）”可以防止水渗入的衣服。
19. B。20. D。根据上文对狗所穿衣服材质的推荐可知，在决定给自己的“动物（animal）”穿合适的衣服“之前（before）”，宠物主人应该做一些研究。

㈨ 2019年英语六级阅读理解试题库及答案(11-12)

2019年英语六级阅读理解裂饥试题库及答案(11)

In the 1962 movie Lawrence of Arabia, one scene shows an American newspaper reporter eagerly snapping photos of men looting a sabotaged train. One of the looters, Chief Auda abu Tayi of the Howeitat clan, suddenly notices the camera and snatches it. "Am I in this?"贺谨 he asks, before smashing it open. To the dismayed reporter, Lawrence explains, "He thinks these things will steal his virtue. He thinks you're a kind of thief."

As soon as colonizers and explorers began taking cameras into distant lands, stories began circulating about how indigenous peoples saw them as tools for black magic. The "ignorant natives" may have had a point. When photography first became available, scientists welcomed it as a more objective way of recording faraway societies than early travelers' exaggerated accounts. But in some ways, anthropological photographs reveal more about the culture that holds the camera than the one that stares back. Up into the 1950s and 1960s, many ethnographers sought "pure" pictures of "primitive" cultures, routinely deleting modern accoutrements such as clocks and Western dress. They paid men and women to re-enact rituals or to pose as members of war or hunting parties, often with little regard for veracity. Edward Curtis, the legendary photographer of North American Indians, for example, got one Makah man to pose as a whaler with a spear in 1915--even though the Makah had not hunted whales in a generation.

These photographs reinforced widely accepted stereotypes that indigenous cultures were isolated, primitive, and unchanging. For instance, National Geographic magazine'肆拍返s photographs have taught millions of Americans about other cultures. As Catherine Lutz and Jane Collins point out in their 1993 book Reading National Geographic, the magazine since its founding in 1888 has kept a tradition of presenting beautiful photos that don't challenge white, middle-class American conventions. While dark-skinned women can be shown without tops, for example, white women's breasts are taboo. Photos that could unsettle or disturb, such as areas of the world torn asunder by war or famine, are discarded in favor of those that reassure, to conform with the society's stated pledge to present only "kindly" visions of foreign societies. The result, Lutz and Collins say, is the depiction of "an idealized and exotic world relatively free of pain or class conflict."

Lutz actually likes National Geographic a lot. She read the magazine as a child, and its lush imagery influenced her eventual choice of anthropology as a career. She just thinks that as people look at the photographs of other cultures, they should be alert to the choice of composition and images.

练习题

1. The main idea of the passage is ______________.

[A] Photographs taken by Western explorers reflect more Westerners’ perception of the indigenous cultures and the Western values.

[B] There is a complicated relationship between the Western explorers and the primitive peoples.

[C] Popular magazines such as National Geographic should show pictures of the exotic and idealized worlds to maintain high sales.

[D] Anthropologists ask the natives to pose for their pictures, compromising the truthfulness of their pictures.

2. We can infer from the passage that early travelers to the native lands often _________.

[A] took pictures with the natives

[B] gave exaggerated accounts of the native lands

[C] ask for pictures from the natives

[D] gave the natives clocks and Western dresses

3. The author mentions the movie Lawrence of Arabia to ___________.

[A] show how people in the indigenous societies are portrayed by Westerners.

[B] illustrate how people from primitive societies see cameras as tools of black magic that steal their virtues.

[C] show how anthropologists portray untruthful pictures of native people.

[D] show the cruel and barbarian side of the native people.

4. “But in some ways, anthropological photographs reveal more about the culture that holds the camera than the one that stares back.” In this sentence, the “one [culture] that stares back” refers to _______.

[A] the indigenous culture

[B] the Western culture

[C] the academic culture

[D] the news business culture

5. With which of the following statements would Cat

herine Lutz most probably agree?

[A] Reporters from the Western societies should routinely delete modern elements in pictures taken of the indigenous societies.

[B] The primitive cultures are inferior to the more advanced Western culture.

[C] The western media are not presenting a realistic picture of the faraway societies.

[D] People in the Western news business should try not to challenge the well-established white middle-class values.

答案及解析

1. 答案是[A] Photographs taken by Western explorers reflect more Westerners’ perception of the indigenous cultures and the Western values.

解析：本文的主题是，西方的媒体，为了迎合西方读者猎奇的心理，同时，为了不与西方读者的中产阶级价值观发生冲突，在他们拍摄的照片中，并不是真正客观公正地反映经济发展水平较为落后的社会中人们的生活。他们经常有意删除照片中反映西方文明烙印的成分，甚至摆布照片中的主人公，以描绘出一个西方读者想象中的，经济不发达的，有异域风情的，没有痛苦和阶级斗争的经济落后社会的画面。他们甚至避免刊登那些反映饥荒，战争，灾害的照片，以满足西方媒体“只刊登外国社会美好一面的照片”的默契。

2. 答案是[B] gave exaggerated accounts of the native lands

解析：文章第二段说，When photography first became available, scientists welcomed it as a more objective way of recording faraway societies than early travelers' exaggerated accounts.可见早期到原始社会旅行回来的人往往对当地的情况夸大其词。在照相机发明之后，科学家能更好地客观反映那些远方地区的真实情况。

3. 答案是[B] illustrate how people from primitive societies see cameras as tools of black magic that steal their virtues.

解析：文章的第一段介绍的是著名的1962年获得7项奥斯卡大奖的电影《阿拉伯的劳伦斯》(导演：DAVID LEAN)中的一个片段。该电影本来与作者要讲的题目并无直接关系。作者仅仅通过一个电影中描述的场景来说明一个论点。那就是比较原始，开化较晚的社会，那里的人们对现代的文明，和从没见过的现代文明的产物容易产生误解。电影中的土著抢走了LAWRENCE的照相机，因为他怀疑，那从未见过的玩意儿会偷走他的“美好品德(VIRTUE)”。但是，作者在下文说，那些土著居民的担心并非全无道理。因为西方的记者和学者们，为了描绘一个西方人心目中固有的土著社会(或者经济发展欠发达社会)的形象，故意篡改照片，满足西方读者的好奇心，并且有意迎合西方中产阶级的趣味。在短文中，作者有时候并不开宗明义，直奔主题，而是利用人们都熟悉的文化元素，例如诗歌，书籍，电影，歌曲等，引起读者对其讨论话题的兴趣，然后再引入主题。并不是每一篇文章都会开门见山，读者不应该把每篇文章的首尾句都当成对文章大意的总结。

4. 答案是[A] the indigenous culture

解析：But in some ways, anthropological photographs reveal more about the culture that holds the camera than the one that stares back.本句是文章切入主题的重点句。考生应该格外注意在阅读文章靠前部分出现的，以转折词(例如，HOWEVER， BUT，NEVERTHELESS， NONETHELESS等)开头的句子。那往往是作者叙述传统论点，或者普遍看法的关键地方。本句可以理解为：但是，在某些方面，人类学家拍摄的照片展现的与其说是那个盯视着照相机的(被拍摄的)文化，不如说是反映了拿着照相机的(西方)文化。作者暗示，照片反映了西方摄影者的偏见和对落后文化固有的看法，反映的是西方的价值观，并不是完全真实客观的那些不发达社会的写照。这句话基本上是对文章中心意思的总结。如果对文章的主题有大致的认识，就不会将本题选错。

5. 答案是[C] The western media are not presenting a realistic picture of the faraway societies.

解析：Catherine Lutz是文章中提到的1993年出版的READING NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC的作者之一。她们在书中写道，《国家地理》杂志自从1888年创刊以来，就一直刊登那些不和美国中产阶级白人的价值观发生冲突的照片。照片中可以表现袒露胸部的黑色皮肤的妇女，但是白人妇女的胸部就是禁止刊登的对象。她们认为，这样做的后果就是，在那些西方主流杂志中展现的，似乎是相对而言没有痛苦的，也不存在阶级斗争的社会。因此答案C The western media are not presenting a realistic picture of the faraway societies(西方媒体并没有展现落后地区的真实画面)最能表现该作者的观点。

2019年英语六级阅读理解试题库及答案(12)

The British Medical Journal recently featured a strong response to what was judged an inappropriately lenient reaction by a medical school to a student cheating in an examination. Although we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon, its prevention, or its effective management, much can be concluded and acted upon on the basis of common sense and concepts with face validity.

There is general agreement that there should be zero tolerance of cheating in a profession based on trust and one on which human lives depend. It is reasonable to assume that cheaters in medical school will be more likely than others to continue to act dishonestly with patients, colleagues, insurers, and government.

The behaviours under question are multifactorial in origin. There are familial, religious, and cultural values that are acquired long before medical school. For example, countries, cultures, and subcultures exist where bribes and dishonest behaviour are almost a norm. There are secondary schools in which neither staff nor students tolerate cheating and others where cheating is rampant; there are homes which imbue young people with high standards of ethical behaviour and others which leave ethical training to the harmful influence of television and the market place.

Medical schools reflect society and cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society. The selection proce

ss of medical students might be expected to favour candidates with integrity and positive ethical behaviour—if one had a reliable method for detecting such characteristics in advance. Medical schools should be the major focus of attention for imbuing future doctors with integrity and ethical sensitivity. Unfortunately there are troubling, if inconclusive, data that suggest that ring medical school the ethical behaviour of medical students does not necessarily improve; indeed, moral development may actually stop or even regress.

The creation of a pervasive institutional culture of integrity is essential. It is critical that the academic and clinical leaders of the institution set a personal example of integrity. Medical schools must make their institutional position and their expectations of students absolutely clear from day one. The development of a school's culture of integrity requires a partnership with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and nurturing. Moreover, the school's examination system and general treatment of students must be perceived as fair. Finally, the treatment of infractions must be firm, fair, transparent, and consistent.

练习题

1. What does the author say about cheating in medical schools?

[A] Extensive research has been done about this phenomenon.

[B] We have sufficient data to prove that prevention is feasible.

[C] We are safe to conclude that this phenomenon exists on a grand scale.

[D] Reliable data about the extent, prevention and management of the phenomenon is lacking.

2. According to the author, it is important to prevent cheating in medical schools because ____________.

[A] The medical profession is based on trust.

[B] There is zero tolerance of cheating in medicine.

[C] The medical profession depends on the government.

[D] Cheating exists extensively in medical schools.

3. What does the author say about the cause(s) of cheating?

[A] Family, culture and society play an active part.

[B] Bad school environment is the leading cause of student cheating.

[C] Parents are always to blame for their children’s cheating behaviour.

[D] Cheating exists primarily because students learn bad things from TV.

4. According to the author, what precautions should medical schools take to prevent students from cheating?

[A] Medical schools should establish a firm moral standard to weed out applicants with low integrity.

[B] Medical schools should make efforts to remedy the ills of a society.

[C] Medical schools should teach future doctors integrity and ethical values.

[D] There is nothing medical schools can do to improve the ethical behaviour of their students.

5. The author will probably agree with which of the following statements?

[A] Medical schools should make exams easier for the students to alleviate the fierce competition.

[B] Prominent figures in the medical institution should create a set of moral standards to be applied in medical schools.

[C] Medical students should play an active role in the creation and preservation of a culture of integrity.

[D] Those students who cheat in the exams should be instantly expelled from school.

答案及解析

1. 答案是[D] Reliable data about the extent, prevention and management of the phenomenon is lacking.

解析：文章第一段说，Although we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon, its prevention, or its effective management, much can be concluded and acted upon on the basis of common sense and concepts with face validity.可见，到目前为止，我们还不很了解医学院作弊现象的严重程度，也不甚明了如何对该类现象进行预防和管理。既然目前所掌握的DATA是insufficient(不充足的)，那么[A][B][C]所说的都不符合文章的原意，故均为错误选项。只有[D]的叙述正确。

2. 答案是[A] The medical profession is based on trust.

解析：作者在第二段说，人们一致认为，医学的基础就是诚信。在医学院就作弊的学生通常比其他人更容易做出欺骗病人，同事，和政府的事情。因此，医学以诚信为本的性质就决定了， 对医学院的作弊行为应该坚决打击。[B]项说的是打击作弊行为的结果，而不是原因。[C]医学依靠政府，[D]医学院中作弊行为普遍存在，都不符合文章内容。

3. 答案是[A] Family, culture and society play an active part.

解析：[A]的内容符合文章的原意。作者在讨论作弊现象的根源时，结论是，作弊现象存在，原因是多方面的。学生在上医学院之前受到的家庭，社会和文化的熏陶在很大程度上决定他们是否会在考试中作弊。也就是选项[A]的内容。[B][C][D]的说法虽然都有道理，但是都过于绝对。学校的环境，家长的教育，电视的影响，虽然都起一定作用，但是都不能说是决定性的。Leading，always，primarily之类的用词决定了它们都不是最佳选项。

4. 答案是[C] Medical schools should teach future doctors integrity and ethical values.

解析：[A]“医学院应该确立明确道德标准，淘汰道德素质低下的申请者”是错误选项。因为文章谈到如何甄别申请医学院学生的道德素质的时候，作者用的是虚拟语气have的过去式had(if one had a reliable method for detecting such characteristics in advance)：如果能有可靠的标准，能预先了解学生的道德水平，医学院在录取的时候应该照顾那些恪守道德准则的学生。可见目前并没有这样的标准可循。[B] Medical schools should make efforts to remedy the ills of a society.和文章的内容相反。因为文章明确地说Medical schools...cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society.[C]项错，因为文章的本意是，医学院的学生在学期间，道德素质不仅不会提高，而且可能下降(regress)。但是作者并没有说，医学院在提高学生素质方面无计可施，而是敦促学校采取相应措施，imbuing future doctors with integrity and ethical sensitivity，(增强未来的医师们的道德感)。

5. 答案是[C] Medical students should play an active role in the creation and preservation of a culture of integrity.

解析：[C]项和文章最后一段的The development of a school's culture of integrity requires a partnership with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and nurturing相呼应。[A]错，因为作者没有建议医(转载自中国教育文摘http://www.edUzhai.net，请保留此标记。)学院应该降低考试难度。[B]的叙述不准确，因为作者的本意是医学界的要人应该树立楷模，而不是让他们设定一套人人遵循的行规。[D]错，作者仅提议医学院对有违反道德准则学生的处罚应该是坚决，公正，透明和统一的。作者并没有明确倡议一旦有作弊行为就将其开除出校。

㈩ 初三英语阅读理解材料及答案

初三英语阅读理解材料及答案

初三是中考英语的最后复习和冲刺阶段，为了帮助大家在初三备考中考英语，我整理了一些英语阅读理解，希望能对大家有所帮助!

英语阅读理解【1】

Some people may think too much sunlight can lead to cancer, so they always keep themselves away from sunlight. But experts believe that proper exposure(暴露) to sunlight is good for us.

For example, scientists think sunlight can help stop some diseases. They say that wearing sunscreen(防晒油) all the time makes the body short of vitamin D.

Vitamin D in fact stops us from more than 25 diseases and keeps bones and teeth healthy. However, around 60% of the population are short of vitamin D in their blood. One of the easiest ways to get it is to expose your skin to sunlight. Your body makes vitamin D from the sun faster than it takes in from food. What’s more, safely getting enough sunlight can make you look younger.

However, not everybody likes sunlight. Some people should not be exposed to the sun without a strong sun protection. Experts advise that just ten minutes of daily exposure to sunlight should be enough to give us vitamin D we need.

1. What does the passage mainly tell us?

A. Don’t expose to the sun.

B. Proper exposure to sunlight is good for our health.

C. We should stay in the sun as long as possible.

D. We can get vitamin D from food.

2. What will happen if we don’t get enough sunlight for a long time?

A. We will keep away from cancer.

B. We will get many diseases.

C. Our body will be short of vitamin D.

D. We will have more vitamin D in our blood.

3. The proper sunshine can keep our ________ healthy.

A. eyes and skin B. bones and teeth

C. ears and blood D. bones and eyes

4. The underlined phrase “take in” in the passage means “” in Chinese.

A. 吸收 B. 占用 C. 分享 D. 拿进来

5. Which is NOT true according to the passage?

A. Scientists think our skin can get vitamin D from sunlight.

B. Most people have enough vitamin D in their blood.

C. Ten minutes of exposure to sunlight every day is enough for us to get vitamin D.

D. Our body gets vitamin D faster from the sun than from food.

参考答案：1.B 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.B

英语阅读理解【2】

Perhaps you have heard a lot about the Internet, but what is it, do you know? The Internet is a network. It uses the telephone to join millions of computers together around the world.

Maybe that doesn’t sound very interesting. But when you’ve joined to the Internet, there are lots and lots of things you can do. You can send E-mails to your friends, and they can get them in a few seconds. You can also do with all kinds of information on the World Wide Web (WWW).

There are many different kinds of computers now. They all can be joined to the Internet. Most of them are small machines sitting on people’s desks at home, but there are still many others in schools, offices or large companies. These computers are owned by people and companies, but no one really owns the Internet itself.

There are lots of places for you to go into the Internet. For example, your school may have the Internet. You can use it ring lessons or free time. Libraries often have computers joined to the Internet. You are welcome to use it at only time.

Thanks to the Internet, the world is becoming smaller and smaller. It is possible for you to work at home with a computer in front, getting and sending the information you need. You can buy or sell whatever you want by the Internet. But do you know 98% of the information on the Internet is in English? So what will English be like tomorrow?

1. What is the passage mainly about?

A. Internet. B. Information.

C. Computers. D. E-mails.

2. Which is the quickest and cheapest way to send messages to your friends?

A. By post. B. By E-mail.

C. By telephone. D. By satellite.

3. Which may be the most possible place for people to work in tomorrow?

A. In the office. B. At school.

C. At home. D. In the company.

4. Whose the owner of the Internet?

A. The headmaster. B. The officer.

C. The user. D. No one.

5. What does the writer try to tell us with the last two sentences?

A. English is important in using the Internet.

B. the Internet is more and more popular.

C. Most of the information is in English.

D. Every computer must have the Internet.

参考答案：这是一篇关于 Internet 的说明文，它介绍了什么是Internet，Internet 的用途，它的贡献等等。

1. A。主旨题。文章的`每一段都谈到了 Internet，所以我们可以推断文章的主要内容是 Internet。

2. B。细节题。在第2段中谈到 You can send E-mail to your friends, and they can get them in a few seconds，相比其他选项，E-mail 当然是最快的。

3. C。细节题。最后一段的第2句讲到 It’s possible for you to work at home with a computer in front，所以明天我们极有可能 at home 工作了。

4. D。判断题。根据全文我们得知，我们可以在 school, libraries, home 等地方使用 Internet，所有的拥有者是大家，并不是某一个人或某一行业的从业者。

5. A。推断题。最后两句告诉我们：98% of the information on the Internet is in English，也就是说英语在 Internet的应用是非常广泛，非常重要的，除 A 选项外，没有一个选项能全部概括这句话的意思。

英语阅读理解【3】

If you do not use your arm or your legs for some time, they become weak; when you start using them again, they slowly become strong again. Everybody knows that. Yet many people do not seem to know that memory works in the same way. When someone says that he has a good memory, he really means that he keeps his memory in practice by using it. When someone else says that his memory is poor, he really means that he does not give it enough chance to become strong. If a friend says that his arms and legs are weak, we know that it is his own fault(过错). But if he tells us that he has a poor memory, many of us think that his parents are to blame(受责备), and few of us know that it is just his own fault. Have you ever found that some people can’t read or write but usually they have better memories? This is because they cannot read or write and they have to remember things; they cannot write down in a little notebook. They have to remember days, names, songs and stories; so their memory is the whole time being exercised. So if you want to have a good memory, learn from the people: Practice remembering.

1. The main reason for one is poor memory is that _______.

A. his father or mother may have a poor memory

B. He does not use his name or legs for some time

C. his memory is not often used

D. he can’t read or write

2. If you do not use your arms or legs for some time _______.

A. you can’t use them any more

B. they will become stronger

C. they become weak and won’t become strong until you use them again.

D. they will become neither stronger nor weaker

3. Which of the following is NOT true?

A. Your memory works in the same way as your arms or legs.

B. Your memory, like your arms or legs, becomes weak if you don’t give it enough chance for practice.

C. Don’t learn how to read and write if you want to have a better memory.

D. A good memory comes from more practice.

4. Some people can’t read or write, but they usually have better memories, because _______.

A. they have save much trouble

B. they have saved much time to remember things

C. they have to use their memories all the time

D. they can’t write everything in a little notebook

5. Which is the best title for this passage?

A. Don’t Stop Using Your Arms Or Legs

B. How To Have a Good Memory

C. Strong Arms And Good Memories

D. Learn From the People

参考答案：1. C。推断题。根据When someone says that he has a good memory, he really means that he keeps his memory in practice by using it 可推出答案为C。

2. C。根据 When you start using them again they slowly become strong again 可知答案为C。

3. C。根据文章内容，A、B、D项均正确，只有C项错误，所以选择C。

4. C。根据 This is because they cannot read or write and they have to remember things 和 …so their memory is the whole time being exercised可知答案为C。

5. B。本文主要讲记忆力不是天生的，而是靠后天培养的，所以应该选择B。

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