中级职称英语阅读理解

Ⅰ 职称英语阅读理解题

职称英语阅读理解题

在职称英语考试的六大题型中阅读理解占的分数最高达45分,将近总成绩的'一半,关系着考试的成败。下面是我整理的关于职称英语的阅读理解题以及参考答案，欢迎大家练习!

第一篇：

The Only Way Is Up

Think of a modern city and the first image that come to mind is the skyline. It is full of great buildings, pointing like fingers to heaven. It is true that some cities don’t permit buildings to go above a certain height. But these are cities concerned with the past. The first thing any city does when it wants to tell the world that it has arrived is to build skyscrapers.

When people gather together in cities, they create a demand for land. Since cities are places where money is made, that demand can be met. And the best way to make money out of city land is to put as many people as possible in a space that covers the smallest amount of ground. That means building upwards.

The technology existed to do this as early as the 19th century. But the height of buildings was limited by one important factor. They had to be small enough for people on the top floors to climb stairs. People could not be expected to climb a mountain at the end of their journey to work, or home.

Elisha Otis, a US inventor, was the man who brought us the lift or elevator，as he preferred to call it. However，most of the technology is very old. Lifts work using the same pulley system the Egyptians used to create the Pyramids. What Otis did was attach the system to a steam engine and develop the elevator brake, which stops the lift falling if the cords that hold it up are broken. It was this that did the most to gain public confidence in the new invention. In fact, he spent a number of years exhibiting lifts at fairgrounds, giving people the chance to try them out before selling the idea to architects and builders.

A lift would not be a very good theme park attraction now. Going in a lift is such an everyday thing that it would just be boring. Yet psychologists and others who study human behavior find lifts fascinating. The reason is simple. Scientists have always studied animals in zoos. The nearest they can get to that with humans is in observing them in lifts.

“It breaks all the usual conventions about the bubble of personal space we carry around with us and you just can’t choose to move away,” says workplace psychologist, Gary Fitzgibbon. Being trapped in this setting can create different types of tensions, he says.Some people are scared of them. Others use them as an opportunity to get close to the boss. Some stand close to the door. Others hide in the corners. Most people try and shrink into the background. But some behave in a way that makes others notice them. There are a few people who just stand in a corner taking notes.

Don’t worry about them. They fire probably from a university.

31. “...these are cities concerned with the past”in the first paragraph refer to cities that

A. are worried about their past.

B. have a glorious past to be proud of.

C. want to maintain their traditional image.

D. are very interested in their own history.

32. The difficulty in constructing tall buildings in the 19th century lies in

A. the shortage of money.

B. the lack of a device to carry people upward.

C. backward technology.

D. mountains taking up land space.

33. When Otis came up with the idea of a lift,

A. he sold it to the architects and builders immediately.

B. the Egyptians used it to build the Pyramids.

C. it was accepted favorably by the public.

D. most people had doubt about its safety.

34. Which of the following best describes the experience of going in a lift now?

A. Fascinating.

B. Uninteresting.

C. Frightening.

D. Exciting.

35. Psychologists find the lift a good place where they can study human behaviour because

A. here humans behave the way animals do.

B. people in a lift are all scared.

C. here some people take notes.

D. in a lift the bubble of personal space breaks.

第二篇：

Some Things We Know about Language

Many things about language are a mystery, and many will always remain so.But some things we do know.

First，we know that all human beings have a language of some sort.There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language，no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one mother.Furthermore，in historical times，there has never been a race of men without a language.

Second，there is no such thing as a primitive language.There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped，who are，as we say，uncivilized, but the languages they speak are not primitive.In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing.

This has not always been well understood;indeed, the direct contrary has often been stated.Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate.Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises.Study has proved this to be nonsense.There are，or were，hundreds of American Indian languages，and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old. They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with，but they are no more primitive five than English and Greek.

A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate.That is, each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language.

Finally, we know that language changes.It is natural and normal for language to change; the only languages which do not change are the dead ones.This is easy to understand if we look backward in time.Change goes on in all aspects of language.Grammatical features change as do speech sounds，and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rapidly.Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language.

36. In the second paragraph the author thinks that

A. some backward race doesn’t have a language of its own.

B. some race in history didn’t possess a language of its own.

C. any human race, whether backward or not, has a language.

D. some races on earth call communicate without language.

37. According to the author, people of undeveloped cultures can have_ __ languages.

A. complicated

B. uncivilized

C. primitive

D. well-known

38. The author has used American Indian languages as an example to show that they are

A. just as old as some well-known languages.

B. just as sophisticated as some well-known languages.

C. more developed than some well-known languages.

D. more complex than some well-known languages.

39. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

A. A language is a means of expressing a particular culture.

B. All languages can well express their respective cultures.

C. American Indian languages are as sophisticated as English.

D. Some languages are better than other languages.

40. According to the author, language changes are most likely to occur in

A. grammar.

B. pronunciation.

C. vocabulary.

D. intonation.

>>>>>>参考答案<<<<<<

第一篇：CBDBD

第二篇：CABDC

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Ⅱ 职称英语考试卫生类A阅读理解训练题

2017年职称英语考试卫生类A阅读理解训练题

2017年职称英语考试复习已经开始，为了帮助大家搜闭更好地备考职称英语考试，网世桥裂我为大家提供了相应的练习题，以消高下是2017年职称英语考试卫生类A阅读理解训练题，希望对大家的备考有所帮助。

Older Volcanic Eruptions

Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient history, not because they were bigger, but because the carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease.

Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over the past 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do. He calculated the "killing efficiency" for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they proced. He found that for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.

The Permian extinction, for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatones of carbon as carbon dioxide. The global warming that followed wiped out 80 percent of all marine genera at the time, and it took 5 million years for the planet to recover. Yet 60 million years ago, there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years. "The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all," Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid. He thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2.

Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France, says that Wignall's idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years. He also adds that it is difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes proced, and that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide emissions.

1.Why did older volcanic eruptions do more damage than more recent ones?

A. Because they killed off life more easily.

B. Because they were brighter.

C. Because they were larger.

D. Because they were hotter.

2.How did Wignall calculate the killing power of those older volcanic eruptions?

A. By estimating how long they lasted.

B. By counting the dinosaurs they killed.

C. By studying the chemical composition of lava.

D. By comparing the proportion of life wiped out with the volume of lava proced.

3.When did dinosaurs become extinct?

A. 300 million years ago.

B. 250 million years ago.

C. 60 million years ago.

D. 65 million years ago.

4. What can be inferred from paragraph 3 concerning dinosaurs?

A. They were killed off by an asteroid.

B. They died of drastic climate change.

C. They were wiped offby a volcanic eruption.

D. The cause of their extinction has remained a controversial issue.

5.What is the main thesis of the article?

A. Volcanic eruptions are not always deadly.

B. Older volcanic eruptions were more destructive.

C. Carbon dioxide emissions often give rise to global warming.

D. It is not easy to calculate the killing power of a volcanic eruption.

答案与解析：

1.A。细节题。题干：为什么远古的火山爆发比近期的火山爆发破坏性更大?利用题干关键词可以定位到第一段：古代的火山更具破坏力，不是因为它们更大，而是因为它们释放出的二氧化碳更能轻易地毁灭生命。

2.D。细节题。题干：Wignall是如何计算出远古火山爆发的杀伤力的?利用题干关键词可以定位到第二段。第二段有这样一句话：He calculated the“killing efficiency'’for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion oflife they killed offwith the volume oflava that they proced.(他通过比较火山释放出的熔岩的体积与杀死生命的比例计算这些火山的杀伤力)。

3.D。细节题。题干：恐龙是什么时候灭绝的?利用题干关键词可以定位到第三段。其中有这么一句话：He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago，because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact ofan asteroid.(他没有提及6500万年前恐龙的灭绝，因为许多科学家相信恐龙的灭绝是受一颗小行星的'影响)。

4.D。细节题。题干：从第三段还可以推导出有关恐龙的什么样的信息?在讨论第三题的答案时，我们已经注意到了，Wignall没有提6500万年前恐龙的灭绝是否跟火山爆发有关，因为许多科学家相信恐龙的灭绝是受一颗小行星的影响。这就说明，关于恐龙灭绝的原因在科学家之间是有争议的。

5.B。主旨题。问题问的是：文章的主要论点是什么?答案在文章的第一句：Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient history(古代火山更具破坏力)。

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Ⅲ 职称英语《综合B》阅读理解历年真题

斗拿Why Buy Shade-Grown Coffee?

When people argue about whether coffee is good for health, they're usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is it good for your heart? Does it increase blood pressure? Does it help you concentrate? However, coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways, too.

Traditionally, coffee bushes were planted under the canopy (树冠) of taller indigenous ( 土生土长的) trees. However, more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffees. At first, this increases proction because more coffee bushes can be planted if there aren't any trees. With increased proction come increased profits.

Unfortunately, deforesting for coffee proction immediately decreases local wildlife habitat.

Native birds nest and hide from predators (捕食者) in the tall trees and migrating birds rest there.

Furthermore, in the long term, the full-sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides are needed to grow the coffee. The fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat coffee plant, but then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die. The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well, and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink.

敬橘Fortunately, farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade. We can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as "shade grown" and "bird friendly". Sure, these varieties might cost a little more. But we're paying for the health of the birds, the land, ourselves, and the planet. I think it's worth it.

31. What is the main idea of this passage?

亮销团A. Farmers are changing the way they grow coffee.

B. Coffee is becoming more expensive to proce.

C. Shade-grow coffee is more expensive than sun-grow coffee.

D. People should buy shade-grown coffee.

32. The function of the word "traditionally" in Paragraph 2 is to show__________.

A. the positive effects of coffee.

B. a change of coffee growth.

C. something that is the most important.

D. how coffee proction used to be.

33. What does increased proction of full-sun coffee bring about?

A. More insects.

B. Better quality coffee.

C. Larger farms.

D. Higher profits.

34. How do farmers find more land for growing full-sun coffee?

A. They buy more land from other farmers.

B. They cut down trees.

C. They move to another country.

D. They turn grassland into farmland.

35. The full-sun method may affect the following EXCEPT__________.

A. insects.

B. air.

C. birds.

D. humans.

答案与解析

31.A。题干：这篇文章的大意为__________。主旨题。从各段的首尾句来看，第二段至第四段谈论的是向阳种植咖啡的弊端，第五段谈的是人们开始在向阴的地方种植咖啡，由此可以看出人们种植咖啡的方式发生了改变，所以该题答案为A(农民们正在改变他们种植咖啡的方式。)

32.B。题干：第二段中“traditionally”一词的功能是为了说明__________。细节题。利用题目关键词定位到第二段的首句，从中可知“传统上，咖啡树被种植在高大的树的树冠之下”，后一句“但是，拉美地区越来越多的农民砍伐森林来种植完全向阳的咖啡树”，由此可知前后句就咖啡树的种植方式形成对比，因此traditionally是为了说明过去与现在种植方式的不同，因而答案为B。选项D具有较大的`迷惑性，但是第一句和第二句谈论的是咖啡的种植，而非咖啡的生产。因而，本题答案为B(咖啡种植的改变)。

33.D。题干：向阳种植的咖啡产量增加导致了什么?细节题。利用题干关键词increasedproction可以定位到第二段最后一句，可知产量的增加带来了利润的增加，故D(高的利润)为正确答案。

34.B。题干：农民如何找到更多的地来向阳种植咖啡?细节题。利用题干关键词find moreland可以定位到第二段的第二句，可知越来越多的拉美人正在砍伐森林来种植咖啡树，故B(他们将树砍到)为正确答案。

35.B。题干：向阳种植咖啡的方法可能对下列之外都有影响。细节题。分别定位四个选项可以定位到第三和四段，如第三段提到因为要种植咖啡树，本地的鸟类赖以筑巢和躲避捕食者的树木被砍掉了，第四段提到化肥和杀虫剂杀死了以咖啡树为食的昆虫，而鸟类吃了这些中毒的昆虫而死亡，化学物质杀死或使动物生病，然后将毒性带入到人们饮水的水域中。所以可见昆虫、鸟类和人类都受到了影响，故本题答案为B(空气)。

Ⅳ 职称英语考试阅读理解的5种应试技巧

在职称英语考试中，阅读理解部分几乎是所有考生通过职称英语考试的“拦路虎”。许多考生在做阅读理解部分，常常觉得时间紧、答案选项迷惑性性大，因而很难及时又准确的选出答案。如何在没有足够时间进行深入阅读或文章太难看不懂的情况下答题呢?下面向大家介绍5种紧急情况下的应试技巧。

通过对历年的阅读理解题，我们发现在所列出的四个选项中也有一些规律可循的。如果考生能够了解并掌握这些规律就可以找到答题时的第六感，达到超常发挥的水平。如果考生来不及看文章，凭下面这些规律可以选出不少正确的选项。

1.答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案。这些语气词有： must， always， never， the most， all， only， have to， any， no， very，completely， none， hardly等。

2.选项中含有不十分肯定的语气词一般是正确答案项。这些语气词有： can， could， may， should， usually， might， most(大多数)，more or less， relatively， be likely to， possible， whether or， not necessarily 等。

3.选项中照抄原文的一般不是答案项，而同义替换的一般是选项。

4.较全面、有针对性地表达文章中心思想的选项一般是答案项。

5.选项中表达意义较具体的、肤浅的(字面意思)一般不是答案项，而概括性的、抽象的、含义深刻的是答案项。

拓展阅读：2015年职称英语考试词汇选项做题必杀技

职称英语考试的过程中除了掌握一定的知识积累外，还需要掌握一些必要的做题技巧，这有利于我们提高做题效率。下面就看看怎么做职称英语词汇选项题吧。

必杀技：

准备一本正式出版的'英语同义词词典，拿到字典后，用标记纸在每个字母首页进行标记，方便在考试时查阅。具体形式请参看群资料。

教材练习不用做，把答案勾画出来，只需记住其中题目划线部分或者答案是词组的，其余不用看。

考试时看到有教材中的词组题则直接答上，其余的查词典。

详解：

职称英语考试允许带一本正式出版的，并非针对职称英语考试而编写的词典。而本题考核内容就是同义词(词组)，显然使用同义词典效率更高。

词组记忆相对容易而查词典找同义词组相对较困难，又因试题来自教材练习4-6题，所以必须记住教材中的词组题。教材词汇练习一共150题，其中有词组的也就20个左右，记住绝对没有困难;

因职称英语词汇数量有限，直接查同义词词典，一般前三个义项就会有答案。

Ⅳ 职称英语怎么考过，中级的

评价目标

全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试重点考查应试者的阅读理解能力。考试总的评价目标是：申报A级的人员在2小时内应完成3000词左右的阅读任务，并能正确理解所读材料的内容；申报B级的人员在2小时内应完成2600词左右的阅读任务，并能正确理解所读材料的内容；申报C级的人员在2小时内应完成2200词左右的阅读任务，并能正确理解所读材料的内容。

为达到上述目标，考试对应试者的英语词汇量、语法知识和阅读理解能力分别提出如下要求：
（一）词汇量
考试所涉及的词汇和短语主要依据本大纲所附词汇表。对申报不同级别的应试者要求认知的词汇量不等：
1、申报A级的人员应认知6000个左右的单词和一定数量的短语；
2、申报B级的人员应认知5000个左右的单词和一定数量的短语；
3、申报C级的人员应认知4000个左右的单词和一定数量的短语。
（二）语法知识
考试不直接对应试者所掌握的语法知识进行考查，但应试者必须掌握基本的语法知识，主要包括：
1、英语句子的基本语序及其意义；
2、英语句子的结构和常用句型；
3、各种时、体的形式及其意义；
4、各种从句的构成及其意义；
5、句子中词语的所指、省略、替代、重复，以及句子之间的意义关系等。
（三）阅读理解能力
应试者应能综合运用英语语言知识和阅读技能来理解专业的或一般内容的英语书面材料。阅读能力主要包括以下几个方面：
1、掌握所读材料的主旨和大意；
2、了解阐述主旨的事实和细节；
3、利用上下文猜测某些词汇和短语的意义；
4、既理解个别句子的意义，也理解上下文之间的意义关系；
5、根据所读材料进行判断和推论；
6、领会作者的观点、意图和态度。

考试内容

A、B、C三个等级的考试各由6个部分组成，每个级别的考试题型一样、题量相同，但不同级别考试总的阅读量及难易程度不同。考试主要考查应试者理解书面英语的能力。
第1部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）
考查应试者理解在一定语境中单词或短语意义的能力。本部分为15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，要求应试者从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
第2部分：阅读判断（第16-22题，每题1分，共7分）
考查应试者识别和判断文章所提供的信息的能力。本部分为1篇300-450词的短文，短文后列出7个句子，有的句子提供的是正确信息，有的句子提供的是错误信息，有的句子的信息在短文中并未直接或间接提及。要求应试者根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23-30题，每题1分，共8分）
考查应试者把握文章段落大意及细节的能力。本部分为1篇300-450词的短文，有2项测试任务：
（1）短文后有6个段落小标题，要求应试者根据文章的内容为其中指定的4个段落各选择一个正确的小标题；
（2）短文后有4个不完整的句子，要求应试者在所提供的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子。
第4部分：阅读理解（第31-45题，每题3分，共45分）
考查应试者对文章主旨和细节信息的理解能力。本部分为3篇文章，每篇300-450词，每篇文章后有5道题。要求应试者根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。
第5部分：补全短文（第46-50题，每题2分，共10分）
考查应试者把握文章结构、掌握作者思路的能力。本部分为1篇300-450词的短文，文中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，其中5组取自文章本身。要求应试者根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其放回相应位置，以恢复文章原貌。
第6部分：完形填空（第51-65题，每题1分，共15分）
考查应试者正确把握文章内容，以及在一定语境中准确使用词语的能力。本部分为1篇300-450词的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出4个选项，要求应试者根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。

Ⅵ 职称英语综合类试题阅读判断备考题

阅读判断题

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请换根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选B;如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请选C.

They Say Ireland's the Best

Ireland is the best place in the world to live for 2005， according to a life quality ranking that appeared in Britain's Economist magazine last week.

The ambitious attempt to compare happiness levels around the world is based on the principle that wealth is not the only measure of human satisfaction and well-being.

The index of 111 countries uses data on incomes， health， unemployment， climate， political stability， job security， gender equality as well as what the magazine calls "freedom， family and community life".

Despite the bad weather， troubled health service， traffic congestion(拥挤)， gender inequality， and the high cost of living， Ireland scored an impressive 8.33 points out of 10.

That put it well ahead of second-place Switzerland， which managed 8.07. Zimbabwe troubled by political insecurity and hunger， is rated the gloomiest(最差的)， picking up only 3.89 points.职称英语培训

"Although rising incomes and increased indivial choices are highly valued，" the report said， "some of the factors associated with modernization such as the breakdown(崩溃)in traditional institutions and family values in part take away from a positive impact."

"Ireland wins because it successfully combines the most desirable elements of the new with the preservation of certain warm elements of the old， such as stable family and community life."

The magazine admitted measuring quality of life is not a straightforward thing to do， and that its findings would have their critics.

No. 2 on the list is Switzerland. The other nations in the top 10 are Norway， Luxembourg， Sweden， Australia， Iceland， Italy， Denmark and Spain.

The UK is positioned at No. 29， a much lower position chiefly because of the social and family breakdown recorded in official statistics. The US， which has the second highest per capita GDP(人均国内生产总值)after Luxembourg， took the 13th place in the survey. China was in the lower half of the league at 60th.

1 For 2，005 years， Ireland has been the best place for humans to live in.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

2 Job security is the least important measure of life quality.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

3 Cost of living in Ireland is pretty high.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

4 Family life in Zimbabwe is not stable.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

5 Ireland is positioned at No. 1 because it combines the most desirable elements of the new with some good elements of the old.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

6 To measure life quality is easy.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

7 The United States of America is among the top 10 countries.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

【参考答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. B

Ⅶ 职称英语历年真题《综合A》阅读理解

The Sandwich Generation

Today people often look forward to their middle age as a time when they will be able to take things easier. After their children are grown, they expect to enjoy the life they have worked hard to create. However the reality is often very different. In middle age, many people discover that they have two ongoing responsibilities: one is to look after their aging parents, and the other is to help their young alt children deal with the pressures of life. Around the world, there are millions of people who are "sandwiched" in between the older and the younger generations. Sometimes there may be two or three generations living in the same household -- a situation that is common in many Asian countries and in some parts of Europe. In other cases, a couple may be taking care of parents and children, but they do not live with them.

There are two important reasons for the rise of the sandwich generation. First, people are living longer than they used to. In the early nineteenth century, the average life expectancy for alts in the United States, for example, was about 40, whereas today people live to an average age of 75. Therefore, children are taking care of their parents over a longer period of time. The second reason is that these days, young alts often live with their parents for a longer time than they did in the past. This is often for financial reasons. It's also more common for today's young alts to return home ring or after college if they need financial

or emotional support.

People who take care of elderly parents often face difficult issues. They may have to cover expenses that their parents cannot. They may have to manage their parents, financial and legal affairs. They may have to prepare for their parents, future needs, such as special medical care or a move to a nursing home. This can be a traumatic experience for everyone.

Caring for alt children presents challenges as well, and caregivers have to resolve important questions: How can financial responsibilities be shared among members of the household? How can household chores be shared? What is the best way to ensure everyone's privacy? Successfully coping with these issues can avoid a lot of stress for the whole family.

The financial and emotional pressures on the sandwich generation can be overwhelming.

However, this time in life also has its rewards. It can be a time to rediscover the special qualities of one's parents or children. It can also provide a valuable opportunity to spend more time with them.

However, in order to survive this difficult period in their lives, the members of the sandwich generation must remember that they also need to pay attention to their own needs and look after the quality of their own lives. They can't be totally selfless.

41. According to the first paragraph, many people in middle age

A. can't enjoy their life as they have expected.

B. are able to take things easier when their children are grown.

C. can't enjoy their life because they haven't worked hard enough.

D. are facing great pressure from their work.

42. Which is true about the sandwich generation?

A. Their parents are unable to take care of themselves.

B. Their parents are often facing the pressures of life.

C. They all have to live with their parents and children.

D. They are torn between the responsibilities for their parents and children.

43. Why do some young alts choose to live with their parents these days?

A. They are too young to be independent from their parents.

B. They want to help their parents to take care of their aging grandparents.

C. They need support from their parents to deal with their financial problems.

D. They are more emotional than the young alts in the past.

44. The sandwich generation face the following challenges EXCEPT

A. sharing household chores.

B. determining who is the caregiver of the family.

C. ensuring everyone's privacy.

D. shouldering the financial responsibilities of the household.

45. To survive the difficult period in their lives, the sandwich generation need to_________.

A. be totally selfless.

B. rediscover the merits of their children.

C. value the time spent with their parents.

D. consider their own well-being.

答案与解析

41.A。细节题。题干：根据文章的意思，很多中年人。根据第一段第二、三句可知，当孩子长大后，中年人期望能享受努力工作创造的生活，然而，现实却不是这样。由此可知，很多中年人不能如愿地享受生活。故本题选A(无法过上他们期望的生活)。

42.D。细节判断题。题干：关于三明治一代，下列哪个描述是正确的?根据第一段第四句可知，很多中年人发现他们正肩负着两种责任：一个是照顾日益年长的父母，另一个是帮助年轻的孩子处理生活的压力。第一段第五句接着说，全世界有数百万的中年人像三明治一样夹在上一代和下一代中间。因此选项D(他们常常在赡养老人和抚养孩子的责任中左右为难)。

43.C。细节题。题干：为什么现在很多年轻人选择和父母住在一起?根据第二段最后三句可知，如今一些年轻人之所以会更久地跟父母住在一起，是因为他们需要父母的经济或情感支持。故本题答案为C(他们需要父母的'支持来应对财务问题)。

44.B。细节判断题。题干：三明治一代面临着下列挑战，除了__________。根据第四段中的“caregivers have to resolve important questions：How can financial responsibilities be shared among members of the household?How can household chores be shared?What is the best way to ensure everyone’s privacy?”可知，只有B不是三明治一代要考虑的问题，所以该题答案为B(决定谁来赡养家庭)。

45.D。推断题。题干：想度过人生中这一艰难时段，三明治一代需要__________。最后一段最后两句中的“…they also need to pay attention to their own needs and look after the quality of thie own lives.They can’t be totally selfless.”表明，三明治一代也需要考虑自己的需求和自身的生活质量，不能完全忘我。由此可知，要度过这个人生的艰难时段，三明治一代需要考虑自身的幸福，所以该题答案为D(考虑自身的幸福)。

Ⅷ 职称英语阅读：第四讲如何做词汇理解题

在职称考试中经常会出现一些词汇性选择题。词汇性选择题主要是考察考生对一个词汇或短语在特定语言环境下的确切含义。所考的词汇主要有两类： 一类是超出大纲词汇表的词汇漏凯耐，以前没有见过的新词，要求考生根据上下文猜测出它的确切含义。另一类是熟词僻义或者是旧词新义（即原来学过的词在新的语言环境下另有新义）。在这种情况下，考生以前知道的常规词义往往都不是解。有的考生想通过查阅词典来找出答案。实践证明，对于这种考题，查阅词典往往无济于事。考生一定要切记：只有根据上下文才能选出具体的，合乎文章内容的正确词义。因此考生在解题时，首先要对文章上下文有一个正确的理解，利用文章中所给出的线索或暗示来推断词义。根据上下文推断词义主要有以下几种方法：
（1）孙樱 利用定义和释义
有时在一篇文章中，作者估计到某个词或词组读者可能不熟悉，就常常在这个词或短语后面直接给出定义或换一种说法进行解释。例如：
They need to make their income meet the cost of living; so many people plan a family budget. A budget is a list of monthly expenses．
Experts in kinetics, in their study of body motions as related to speech, hope to discover new methods of communication.
He was a very astute buyer, estimating values very carefully and never allowing himself to be deceived.
Sociology is the term used to describe the scientific study of human society.
These medical students have decided to become pediatricians, that is, doctors specializing in the care and diseases of children.
A jetty——a wall built out into the water, protects the harbor.
To boycott a store means to refuse to shop in the store.
Jane is indecisive, that is, she can't make up her mind.
I thought they were old-fashioned, thinking too much of old ways and ideas.
Hausa, namely a language of the Sudan, is widely used as a trade language throughout western Africa.
An autobiography is the story of a person's life written by himself.
Holography, or three-dimensional photography, has many instrial applications.
返春Every once in a while in some part of the world or another, the ground suddenly shakes, and we call the event an earthquake.
Carbon monoxide （co） is a noxious gas which can cause death.
He had a wan look. He was so pale and weak that we thought he was ill.
Should the government regulate the cost of resources such as oil and gas? Some people do not believe that government control is the solution to the problem of the rising cost of fuel.
（2） 利用同义词或反义词
反义词前通常有but ,however, not, yet, while, although, nevertheless, unlike, instead, in contrast等信号词。
His naiveté, or innocence, was obvious.
My sister Kathy is lively and outgoing, however, I am rather introverted.
Mary was jubilant but Jane was sorrowful.
Danny was hesitant whereas Jean leaned forward eagerly.
Her shirt was clean but her shoes were grubby.
American businessmen expect employees to be punctual. They do not expect that the workers will come late.
Their friends laughed at them, and my sisters felt wretched, very unhappy.
It has an enormous, a very powerful influence on our lives.
In an aging person the new cells may not be as viable or as capable of growth as those of a young man.

Ⅸ 中石油职称英语考试阅读理解精讲

Why To Mark a Book 怎样在书上做标记

1. You know you have to read "between the lines" to get the most out of anything. I want to persuade you to do something equally important in the course of your reading. I want to persuade you to "write between the lines." Unless you do, you are not likely to do the most efficient kind of reading.

1、你知道读书必须要阅读“字里行间的言外之意”，以求最充分的理解(to get the most out of anything)。我劝(persuade)你在读书过程中(in the course of your reading)做一件同等重要的事情(to do something equally important);我劝你“在字里行间里写字”。不这样做(unless)，就达不到最有效的阅读效果。

2. I contend, quite bluntly, that marking up a book is not an act of mutilation but love.

2、坦率地说，我认为(contend)，在书上涂抹标记(marking up a book)不是一种损毁行为(an act of mutilation)，而是爱。

3. You shouldn't mark up a book which isn't yours. Librarians (or your friends) who lend you books expect you to keep them clean, and you should. If you decide that I am right about the usefulness of marking books, you will have to buy them. Most of the world's great books are available today, in reprint editions, for a modest sum.

3、当然，你不应该(shouldn't)在不属于你的书上做标记。借给你书的图书管理员(或者你的朋友)希望你保持书的整洁，你应该这样做。如果你认为我说的在书上做标记颇有益处这番话是对的，你就得自己买书。现在，绝大部分世界上的好书都有再版(reprint edition)，我们很容易买到，并且价格合理(a modest sum)。

4. There are two ways in which you can own a book. The first is the property right you establish by paying for it, just as you pay for clothes, and furniture. But this act of purchase is only the prelude to possession. Full ownership comes only when you have made it a part of yourself, and the best way to make yourself a part of it is by writing in it. An illustration may make the point clear. You buy a beefsteak and transfer it from the butcher's icebox to your own. But you do not own the beefsteak in the most important sense until you consume it and get it into your bloodstream. I am arguing that books, too, must be absorbed in your bloodstream to do you any good.

4、一个人拥有书的方式有两种，第一种是花钱(by paying for it)取得(establish)财产所有权(property right)，就像(just as)你花钱买衣服和家具一样。但是，这种购买行为仅是拥有书的前提(prelude to possession)。只有你将它化为自己的一部分后，你才完全占有了它(full ownership comes);同时，把你自己融入书中的最好方法就是在书中写字(by writing in it)。打个比方可能使这个观点更清楚(An illustration may make the point clear)。你买了一块牛排(beefsteak)，把它从屠夫的冰箱里移到了你自己的冰箱里。但是，从最重要的意义上说(in the most important sense)，你并没有拥有这块牛排，除非你吃下它并将它吸收进你的血液(bloodstream)之中。我的观点是(I am arguing that)，书的营养也必须应该被“吸收到血液”中，才能对你有所裨益。

5. Confusion about what it means to own a book leads people to a false reverence for paper, binding, and type-a respect for the physical thing-the craft of the printer rather than the genius of the author. They forget that it is possible for a man to acquire that idea, to possess the beauty, which a great book contains, without staking his claim by pasting his bookplate inside the cover. Having a fine library doesn't prove that its owner has a mind enriched by books; it proves nothing more than that he, his father, or his wife, was rich enough to buy them.

5、对于“拥有书籍”的真正含义的(about what it means to own a book)误解(confusion)使人们错误地崇敬(a false reverence)纸张、装订和样式-这是对物质的崇敬(a respect for the physical thing)-是崇敬印刷工人的技艺(craft)，而不是书籍作者的才华。他们忘记了，即使不在(without)封面里贴上藏书票(by pasting his bookplate inside the cover)表明自己对书籍的拥有，人们也可以从一本伟大的著作中获得它的精神(to acquire that idea)，领略它的美丽(to possess the beauty)。一个好书房并不能证明它的主人学富五车;仅仅(nothing more than)说明他、他的父亲或是他的妻子有钱买书而已。

6. There are three kinds of book owners. The first has all the standard sets and best-sellers-unread, untouched. (This deluded indivial owns woodpulp and ink, not books.) The second has a great many books-a few of them read through, most of them dipped into, but all of them as clean and shiny as the day they were bought. (This person would probably like to make books his own, but is restrained by a false respect for their physical appearance.) The third has a few books or many every one of them dog-eared and dilapidated, shaken and loosened by continual use, marked and scribbled in from front to back. (This man owns books.)

6、书籍拥有者可以分为三种。第一种人拥有全部的标准成套书和畅销书(best-sellers)--既没读过，也没碰过(unread, untouched)。(这种人占有的只是纸浆和油墨，不是书籍。)第二种人藏书很多--其中几本(a few of them)被通读过(read through 仔细阅读)，大部分(most of them)则浅尝辄止(dip into 浏览, 稍加审视)，但是所有的书都跟新买时一样整洁光亮(as clean and shiny as the day they were bought)。(这种人可能想使书籍真地为其所用，但因错误地过分关注书籍的外观而裹足不前。第三种人藏书或多或少--因不断使用，每本书都书角卷起(dog-eared)，破旧不堪(dilapidated)，装订破损，书页松散(loosened)，全书从扉页至末页都画满了记号，涂满了字句(scribble)。(这种人才是书的真正拥有者。)

7. Is it false respect, you may ask, to preserve intact and unblemished a beautifully printed book, an elegantly bound edition? Of course not. I'd no more scribble all over a first edition of "Paradise Lost" than I'd give my baby a set of crayons and an original Rembrandt! I wouldn't mark up a painting or a statue. Its soul, so to speak, is inseparable from its body. And the beauty of a rare edition or of a richly manufactured volume is like that of a painting or a statue.

7、你可能要问，将一本印刷精美、装帧雅致的书保存完好，难道也是不恰当的吗?当然不是(of course not)。我绝不会在一本初版的《失乐园》上乱涂乱写(scribble)，就像我不会把一幅伦勃朗的原作连同一盒蜡笔交给我的孩子任意涂抹一样!(no more…than 与…同样不) 我决不会在一幅绘画或者一座雕像上做标记。可以说，它们的灵魂与它们的躯体是不可分的。(be inseparable from 不可与...分开) 精美的善本或丰富的卷册就像一幅绘画和一座雕像。

8. But the soul of a book can be separated from its body. A book is more like the score of a piece of music than it is like a painting. No great musician confuses a symphony with the printed sheet of music. Arturo Toscanini revered Brahms, but Toscanini's score of the C-minor Symphony was so thoroughly marked up that no one but the maestro himself could read it. The reason why a great conctor makes notations on his musical scores-marks them up again and again each time he returns to study them-is the reason why you should mark your books. If your respect for magnificent binding or typography gets in the way, buy yourself a cheap edition and pay your respects to the author.

8、但是，一本书的灵魂能够从它的躯体里分离出来。与其说它像一幅画(a printing)，还不如说它更像一首乐曲的总谱(the scroe of a piece of music; scroe【音乐】总谱;(电影等的)配乐; a piece of music 一段音乐;一首音乐;一首乐曲)。任何伟大的音乐家都不会将一首交响曲(a symphony)和一张印刷的乐谱相混淆。托斯卡尼尼非常崇敬(revere)博拉姆斯，但他的C小调交响曲的乐谱上画满了标记，以致(that)只有大师本人 (no noe but the maestro himself) 才能看懂。为什么一个伟大的指挥家(a great conctor)会在乐谱上做记号(make notations)-甚至每次研究都会重复标记-其中的奥妙正是你应该在书上做记号的原因。如果你对华美的(magnificent)装帧和印刷的尊重妨碍(get in the way)你读书的话，就给自己买一种便宜的版本，同时对书的作者表达敬意就可以了。

9. Why is marking up a book indispensable to reading? First, it keeps you awake. (And I don't mean merely conscious; I mean wide awake.) In the second place, reading, if it is active, is thinking, and thinking tends to express itself in words, spoken or written. That marked book is usually the thought-through book. Finally, writing helps you remember the thoughts you had, or the thoughts the author expressed.

9、为什么在阅读过程中在书上做标记是必不可少的(indispensable)呢?首先，它会使你保持清醒。(我指的不是仅仅神智清醒(merely conscious);我的意思是它能使你全神贯注(wide awake)。)其次(in the second place)，如果阅读(reading)是一种能动的行为，那么它就是思考，而想法(thinking)常常需借助口头的或书面的语言来表达出来。做过记号的书，通常是读者认真思考过的书(the thought-through book)。最后，写可以帮助你记住阅读时的思想，或作者所表达的思想。

10. If reading is to accomplish anything more than passing time, it must be active. You can't let your eyes glide across the lines of a book and come up with an understanding of what you have read. Now an ordinary piece of light fiction, like, say, Gone 14h'th the Wind, doesn't require the most active kind of reading. The books you read for pleasure can be read in a state of relaxation, and nothing is lost. But a great book, rich in ideas and beauty, a book that raises and tries to answer great fundamental questions, demands the most active reading of which you are capable. You don't absorb the ideas of John Dewey the way you absorb the songs of a popular singer. You have to reach for them. That you cannot do while you're asleep.

10、如果(你的)阅读的目的不仅仅是(more than)消磨时间(passing time)，那就应该是一种积极的思维活动，仅仅让你的眼睛在书上扫视一遍，你不可能对所读的'内容(what you have read)有所理解。当然，一部普通的消遣小说(light fiction)，比如说(like, say,)《飘》，并不需要那种最积极的思维式的阅读。作为消遣的书，可以轻松地读而不会有所失。但一本思想丰富、文字华美，试图提出(raise)带根本性的重大问题并加以回答的伟大著作，则要求你尽可能地进行(of which you are capable; be capable of v.能够)最积极的阅读。你不可能像欣赏(absorb)流行歌曲那样领略(absorb)杜威的思想。你要花力气才能获得，漫不经心是做不到的。

11. If, when you've finished reading a book, the pages are filled with your notes, you know you read actively. The most famous active reader of great books I know was President Hutchins, of the University of Chicago. He also had the hardest schele of business activities of any man I know. He invariably read with a pencil, and sometimes, when he picked up a book and pencil in the evening, he found himself, instead of making intelligent notes, drawing what he called "caviar factories" on the margins. When that happened, he put the book down. He knew he was too tired to read, and was just wasting time.

11、如果，你读完一本书的时候，书页上写满了你的批注(your notes)，你就知道自己的阅读是积极的(actively)。我知道的最有名的采用积极方式阅读伟大著作的人(the most famous active reader of great books)是芝加哥大学的校长哈金斯。他也是我所知道的公务最繁忙的人(the hardest schele of business activities of any man)。他读书时总是(invariably= always)拿着铅笔。有时，当他在晚上拿起书和铅笔的时候，发觉自己并没有(instead of)在做有意义的笔记(intelligent notes)，而是在页边空白处(on the margins)乱涂乱画一些他称之为“鱼子酱工厂”(caviar factories)的东西。一出现这种情况，他就会放下书本。他知道自己太累了以致读不下去，(再继续看书)完全是在浪费时间。

练习:

1.I want to persuade you _______ something equally important in the course of your reading.

A doing B to do C to doing D have done

2. There are two ways _____ you can own a book.

A by which B of which C in which D with which

3. I am arguing that books must _____ your bloodstream to do you any good.

A absorb in B be absorbed in C soak in D suck in

4. Confusion about ____ it means to own a book leads people to a false reverence for paper, binding and type—the craft of printer rather than the genius of the author.

A which B that C what D whose

5. They forget that it is possible for a man to acquire that idea, to possess the beauty, which a great book contains, without _____ his claim by ____ his bookplate inside the cover.

A starting, pasting B staking, passing C staking, pasting D stake, paste

6. Having a fine library doesn’t prove that its owner has a mind _____ by books.

A rich B colorful C enriching D enriched

7. The second has a great many books--a few of them read through, most of them ____, but all of them as clean and shiny as they ____.

A dipped into, bought B dip into, were bought

C dip into, buy D dipped into, were bought

8. A book is _____ like the score of a piece of music _____ it is like a painting.

A no more, than B more, than C same, as D too, to

9. Why is marking up a book ____ to reading?

A dependable B indispensable C dependent D disposal

10. A book that raises and tries to answer great fundamental questions, demands the most active reading _____ you are capable.

A to which B of which C by which D to what

答案： 1B 2C 3B 4C 5C 6D 7D 8B 9B 10B

Ⅹ 请问中石化中级职称英语考试大纲、题型有哪些，急求！！

高级（含教授级）任职资格外语考试试卷题型分值及考试范围一、试卷类型1. 工程类试卷：按专业侧重分为油气田工程、炼化工程两种试卷，包括专业外语和综合外语两部分，分值各占50%左右。专业外语以石油石化工程相关专业科普、专业基础知识为主；综合外语以一般性科普知识和通用外语为主。2．综合类试卷：包括综合、科普外语两部分，综合部分以通用外语为主，分值约占70%，科普外语以石油石化专业科普和一般性科普知识为主，分值约占30%。二、测试要点考试主要测试专业技术人员在综合外语、专业科普、专业基础方面外文文章的快速阅读，外译中、中译外能力等。三、试题题型阅读理解，两篇1200字符左右的文章，分值25%。外译中，2-3篇800字符左右的文章翻译，分值45%。中译外，四个句子翻译，分值10%；两段120个字符左右段落翻译，分值20%。工程类试卷专业科普和专业基础内容的试题，设置二选其一的试题功能，以供不同专业的应试者选择。参考资料是《中国石化专业技术人员英语学习参考用书》（试用版2012）。这本书不分中高级。2013年还是采用这本书。 查看原帖>>