英语科技文的阅读
培养学生英语科技文阅读能力：
1．词汇表“八到”记忆法
这是中学生使用最多的方法之一，即将生词表和人的器官相结合：眼里看到、心里想到、手里写到、嘴里拿到、耳朵听到、（结合实物还可以）鼻子嗅到、舌头尝到、手指触到。学生在记忆时不要偷懒，一定要边记边比划，把各个器官充分调动起来。这种方法使学生把目标词汇与自己的大脑神经联系，易记忆深刻，印象持久。
2．分类记忆法
即分析单词的形态，将所要记得单词根据其义、形、音进行分类。例如，按音标的拼读规则记忆单词，按词性变化记忆单词，按同音记忆单词，教师还可教给学生关于英语词根和词缀的知识等；通过词根加前缀或后缀可派生出新的单词，将两个或更多的词放在一起，可合成新的单词。
3．联想记忆法
苏联著名心理学家巴甫洛夫指出：“记忆要依靠联想，而联想则是新旧正式建立联系的产物。”美国心理学家威廉·詹姆士也说：“记忆的秘诀就是根据我们想记住的各种材料来进行各种各样的联想，而这些联想就成了各种资料的钓钩，万一资料沉没脑海，我们就可以通过联想这样的钓钩将资料钩出来。”充分运用发散思维展开自己的想象力，使所要记忆的英语单词，生动、形象和具体化，使生词与熟词之间建立一种联系，从而达到以旧带新，快速记忆的目的。
『贰』 关于科技的英语小短文
基因改造食物安全吗？
- 鼓吹基因改造作物的人说，这类作物不像传统作物，需要的有毒农药较少，对环境有利。但令批评者担忧的是潜在的风险，他们想知道所谓的利益究竟有多少。到底基因改造作物是环保美梦的实现，还是一场正在形成中的灾难？科学家正积极寻找答案。
人们对基因改造食物的态度，似乎愈来愈壁垒分明，一边的人支持，另一边的人则是畏惧。支持者宣称，种植基因改造作物对环境伤害较小，而食用这种农作物制成的食品也完全无害。它们还说，基因工程让农作物在贫瘠的土地上也能生长，或可培育出更营养的食物。在不久的未来，全球人口快速膨胀，还得靠这方法解决粮食问题。持怀疑态度者则反驳，基因改造作物对生态环境或人体健康都有极大的风险，令人忧心，不该贸然接受。许多欧洲国家抱持这种态度，因而限制基因改造作物的种植与输入。主要的争议，集中在基因改造食物的安全性。然而，最近的科学研究又是如何看待基因改造食物的危险呢？答案，往往迷失在各种报导的争议中；但是在接下来的篇幅里，它们将呈现在你的眼前。
GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS: Are They Safe?
- Are genetically modified crops an environmental dream come true or a disaster in the making? Scientists are looking for answers
The world seems increasingly divided into those who favor genetically modified (GM) foods and those who fear them. Advocates assert that growing genetically altered crops can be kinder to the environment and that eating foods from those plants is perfectly safe. And, they say, genetic engineering－which can ince plants to grow in poor soils or to proce more nutritious foods－will soon become an essential tool for helping to feed the world's burgeoning population. Skeptics contend that GM crops could pose unique risks to the environment and to health－risks too troubling to accept placidly. Taking that view, many European countries are restricting the planting and importation of GM agricultural procts. Much of the debate hinges on perceptions of safety. But what exactly does recent scientific research say about the hazards? The answers, too often lost in reports on the controversy, are served up in the pages that follow.
『叁』 怎样做英语阅读理解做题的技巧有哪些
做英语阅读理解的技巧有：
1、若针对举例子、人物言论出题，需要查找例子以及人物所说的句子前后的内容，然后与各选项逐一核对。
2、在出现一些关键词,如however，but，moreover, therefore，thus时，要特别注意句子前后意义的转折、递进、因果等关系。
3、细节理解题的答案一般是同义替换项或者同义转换。
现状分析
IDC最近的报告预测称，到2020年，全球数据量将扩大50倍。这当然并不仅仅是数据的洪流越来越大，全新的支流也会越来越多，各种意想不到的来源都在产生着数据。它正以前所未有的速度，颠覆人们探索世界的方法，驱动产业间的融合。
人们的阅读方式、阅读品位在海量信息时代也发生了重大改变，青灯黄卷式的传统模式被即时在线浏览所取代，以快餐式、跳跃性、碎片化为特征的数字阅读已成为一种潮流趋势。庞大的数据流背景下，人们寻找阅读内容的过程变得繁冗不堪，有价值信息如何被发现则成为更具研究价值的问题。
推荐阅读的确能够为人们提供一定的选择性空间，但是如果仅仅依靠推荐来决定阅读内容，那么大多数人的阅读能力都只能维持在一个水平，因为他们阅读的内容相差无几。数字化背景下人们需要的是更具个性化的阅读方式。
『肆』 英语写的科技文（计算机类的）
A computer is a machine that manipulates data according to a list of instructions.
The first devices that resemble modern computers date to the mid-20th century (1940–1945), although the computer concept and various machines similar to computers existed earlier. Early electronic computers were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers.Modern computers are based on tiny integrated circuits and are millions to billions of times more capable while occupying a fraction of the space. Today, simple computers may be made small enough to fit into a wristwatch and be powered from a watch battery. Personal computers, in various forms, are icons of the Information Age and are what most people think of as "a computer"; however, the most common form of computer in use today is the embedded computer. Embedded computers are small, simple devices that are used to control other devices — for example, they may be found in machines ranging from fighter aircraft to instrial robots, digital cameras, and children's toys.
The ability to store and execute lists of instructions called programs makes computers extremely versatile and distinguishes them from calculators. The Church–Turing thesis is a mathematical statement of this versatility: any computer with a certain minimum capability is, in principle, capable of performing the same tasks that any other computer can perform. Therefore, computers with capability and complexity ranging from that of a personal digital assistant to a supercomputer are all able to perform the same computational tasks given enough time and storage capacity.
History of computing
Main article: History of computer hardware
The Jacquard loom was one of the first programmable devices.It is difficult to identify any one device as the earliest computer, partly because the term "computer" has been subject to varying interpretations over time. Originally, the term "computer" referred to a person who performed numerical calculations (a human computer), often with the aid of a mechanical calculating device.
The history of the modern computer begins with two separate technologies - that of automated calculation and that of programmability.
Examples of early mechanical calculating devices included the abacus, the slide rule and arguably the astrolabe and the Antikythera mechanism (which dates from about 150-100 BC). Hero of Alexandria (c. 10–70 AD) built a mechanical theater which performed a play lasting 10 minutes and was operated by a complex system of ropes and drums that might be considered to be a means of deciding which parts of the mechanism performed which actions and when.This is the essence of programmability.
The "castle clock", an astronomical clock invented by Al-Jazari in 1206, is considered to be the earliest programmable analog computer.It displayed the zodiac, the solar and lunar orbits, a crescent moon-shaped pointer travelling across a gateway causing automatic doors to open every hour,and five robotic musicians who play music when struck by levers operated by a camshaft attached to a water wheel. The length of day and night could be re-programmed every day in order to account for the changing lengths of day and night throughout the year.
The end of the Middle Ages saw a re-invigoration of European mathematics and engineering, and Wilhelm Schickard's 1623 device was the first of a number of mechanical calculators constructed by European engineers. However, none of those devices fit the modern definition of a computer because they could not be programmed.
In 1801, Joseph Marie Jacquard made an improvement to the textile loom that used a series of punched paper cards as a template to allow his loom to weave intricate patterns automatically. The resulting Jacquard loom was an important step in the development of computers because the use of punched cards to define woven patterns can be viewed as an early, albeit limited, form of programmability.
It was the fusion of automatic calculation with programmability that proced the first recognizable computers. In 1837, Charles Babbage was the first to conceptualize and design a fully programmable mechanical computer that he called "The Analytical Engine". Due to limited finances, and an inability to resist tinkering with the design, Babbage never actually built his Analytical Engine.
Large-scale automated data processing of punched cards was performed for the U.S. Census in 1890 by tabulating machines designed by Herman Hollerith and manufactured by the Computing Tabulating Recording Corporation, which later became IBM. By the end of the 19th century a number of technologies that would later prove useful in the realization of practical computers had begun to appear: the punched card, Boolean algebra, the vacuum tube (thermionic valve) and the teleprinter.
During the first half of the 20th century, many scientific computing needs were met by increasingly sophisticated analog computers, which used a direct mechanical or electrical model of the problem as a basis for computation. However, these were not programmable and generally lacked the versatility and accuracy of modern digital computers.
A succession of steadily more powerful and flexible computing devices were constructed in the 1930s and 1940s, graally adding the key features that are seen in modern computers. The use of digital electronics (largely invented by Claude Shannon in 1937) and more flexible programmability were vitally important steps, but defining one point along this road as "the first digital electronic computer" is difficult (Shannon 1940). Notable achievements include:
EDSAC was one of the first computers to implement the stored program (von Neumann) architecture.Konrad Zuse's electromechanical "Z machines". The Z3 (1941) was the first working machine featuring binary arithmetic, including floating point arithmetic and a measure of programmability. In 1998 the Z3 was proved to be Turing complete, therefore being the world's first operational computer.
The non-programmable Atanasoff–Berry Computer (1941) which used vacuum tube based computation, binary numbers, and regenerative capacitor memory.
The secret British Colossus computers (1943), which had limited programmability but demonstrated that a device using thousands of tubes could be reasonably reliable and electronically reprogrammable. It was used for breaking German wartime codes.
The Harvard Mark I (1944), a large-scale electromechanical computer with limited programmability.
The U.S. Army's Ballistics Research Laboratory ENIAC (1946), which used decimal arithmetic and is sometimes called the first general purpose electronic computer (since Konrad Zuse's Z3 of 1941 used electromagnets instead of electronics). Initially, however, ENIAC had an inflexible architecture which essentially required rewiring to change its programming.
Several developers of ENIAC, recognizing its flaws, came up with a far more flexible and elegant design, which came to be known as the "stored program architecture" or von Neumann architecture. This design was first formally described by John von Neumann in the paper First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC, distributed in 1945. A number of projects to develop computers based on the stored-program architecture commenced around this time, the first of these being completed in Great Britain. The first to be demonstrated working was the Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine (SSEM or "Baby"), while the EDSAC, completed a year after SSEM, was the first practical implementation of the stored program design. Shortly thereafter, the machine originally described by von Neumann's paper—EDVAC—was completed but did not see full-time use for an additional two years.
Nearly all modern computers implement some form of the stored-program architecture, making it the single trait by which the word "computer" is now defined. While the technologies used in computers have changed dramatically since the first electronic, general-purpose computers of the 1940s, most still use the von Neumann architecture.
Microprocessors are miniaturized devices that often implement stored program CPUs.Computers that used vacuum tubes as their electronic elements were in use throughout the 1950s. Vacuum tube electronics were largely replaced in the 1960s by transistor-based electronics, which are smaller, faster, cheaper to proce, require less power, and are more reliable. In the 1970s, integrated circuit technology and the subsequent creation of microprocessors, such as the Intel 4004, further decreased size and cost and further increased speed and reliability of computers. By the 1980s, computers became sufficiently small and cheap to replace simple mechanical controls in domestic appliances such as washing machines. The 1980s also witnessed home computers and the now ubiquitous personal computer. With the evolution of the Internet, personal computers are becoming as common as the television and the telephone in the household.
『伍』 跪求有关科技的英语小短文
Not long ago, many people believed that babies only wanted food and to be kept warm and dry. Some people thought babies were not able to learn things until they were five or six months old. Yet doctors in the United States say babies begin learning on their first day of life. The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development is a federal government agency. Its goal is to identify which experiences can influence healthy development in human beings. Research scientists at the institute note that babies are strongly influenced by their environment. They say a baby will smile if her mother does something the baby likes. A baby learns to get the best care possible by smiling to please her mother or other caregiver. This is how babies learn to connect and communicate with other human beings
『陆』 谁能给我一个关于科技的英语小短文，带中文翻译；
Not long ago, many people believed that babies only wanted food and to be kept warm and dry. Some people thought babies were not able to learn things until they were five or six months old.
不久之前,许多人认为婴儿的基本需求是食物和保持温暖干燥.人们以为婴儿只有到了五六个月大的时候才会开始学东西.
Yet doctors in the United States say babies begin learning on their first day of life. The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development is a federal government agency. Its goal is to identify which experiences can influence healthy development in human beings.
然而,美国的医生声称婴儿在他们出生的头几天便开始学习.肯尼迪施莱佛国立儿童健康和人类发展机构是联邦政府代理机构,他的目标是鉴别那些能影响人类健康发展的经验.
Research scientists at the institute note that babies are strongly influenced by their environment. They say a baby will smile if her mother does something the baby likes. A baby learns to get the best care possible by smiling to please her mother or other caregiver. This is how babies learn to connect and communicate with other human beings
该机构的调查科学家们注意到婴儿很大程度上受环境的影响,如果婴儿的母亲做了什么他们喜欢的事情,这个婴儿就会笑.婴儿学着通过微笑来愉悦母亲或者监护人来达到得到最好的照料的目的.这就是婴儿如何学习与他人联系交流的方式.
『柒』 我要一些英语科普的阅读文 要有中文的哦！谢谢
Black holes on a collision course
趋于碰撞的黑洞
Scientists say Chandra provides first evidence that two such mysteries can coexist in one galaxy. 科学家说，钱德拉望远镜首次证实两个黑洞可共存于同一星系中。
In a very bright galaxy 400 million light-years away, two black holes are drifting toward each other and in millions of years will merge with an eruption of energy and a burst of gravitational waves that could warp the very fabric of space, astronomers said Tuesday. 天文学家本周二说，在一个距地球4亿光年的明亮星系内，两个黑洞正在互相靠近，数百万年后将融为一体，并爆发出大量的能量，由此产生的引力波可能会影响到宇宙的每一个角落。
THE SCIENTISTS said the Chandra X-ray Observatory has found the first evidence that two immense black holes can coexist in the same galaxy and that they are moving toward each other for an eventual merger. 《科学家》说，钱德拉X线望远镜已经发现初步证据，证明两个巨大的黑洞可以同时存在于同一星系中，它们正在彼此靠拢，最终将合二为一。
The double black holes were found in a bright, highly active galaxy known as NGC6240, about 400 million light-years from the Earth. 这对黑洞存在于一个极其活跃明亮的星系中，该星系被命名为NGC6240，它距地球约有4亿光年。
Astronomers studied NGC6240 because it proced unexplained bursts of X-rays that appeared to come from one of two nuclei at the galactic center. Images collected by radio, infrared and optical observations showed two bright spots, but did not pinpoint the origin of the X-rays. 天文学家之所以研究NGC6240，是因为发现该星系中心有两个核，其中一个不断爆发出难以解释的X线。由无线电、红外线和光学观察收集到的影像显示该星系中有两个亮点，但无法准确定位X线的来源。
When Chandra, with its sensitive X-ray detectors, focused on the nuclei, astronomers hoped it would tell them whether either of the two points of activity were black holes. 钱德拉装有敏感的X线检测器，天文学家用它对准这星系的核心，希望确定两个活跃点中是否有一个为黑洞。
"Much to our surprise, we found that both were active black holes," Stefanie Komossa of the Max Planck Institute in Germany, said in a statement. 德国Max Planck研究所的Stefanie Komossa在一份申明中说："我们惊讶地发现它俩都是活跃的黑洞。"
Finding two black holes in one galaxy, said Komossa, "supports the idea that black holes can grow to enormous masses in the centers of galaxies by merging with other black holes." Komossa说，同一星系两洞并存的科学发现证明，星系核心的黑洞可以通过相互兼并融合而发展为宏大的物质。
An artist's conception shows two black holes whirling around each other at the center of a galaxy. 艺术化的构想是：这两个黑洞在星系中心互相围绕对方旋转。
Guenther Hasinger, also of Max Planck, said the Chandra images captured the unmistakable markings of two black holes - high-energy photons swirling around the dense black hole centers and X-rays spewing out from iron atoms being pulled into the center at a high rate of speed. Max Planck的Guenther Hasinger说，钱德拉所摄的影像捕获了可以确定两个黑洞并存的迹象，即在密度甚高的黑洞中心周围涡动着高能量的光子，从铁原子中喷射出的X线被高速吸入黑洞中心。
Komossa and Hasinger are co-authors of a study submitted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters. Hasinger和Komossa曾联名撰文发表在《天文物理学通讯》上。
The two black holes in NGC6240 are now about 3,000 light-years apart and are expected to merge some time in the next few hundred million years, the researchers said. The merger will be accompanied by an eruption of radiation and a burst of gravitational waves that will spread throughout the universe, causing ripples in the fabric of space, the astronomers said. 据研究人员介绍，NGC6240中的两个黑洞目前相距大约3000光年，预计要几亿年后才能彼此融合，届时将会产生大量的辐射和引力波，冲击宇宙各处，造成太空的涟漪。
The gravitational ripples could cause minute changes in the distance between any two points in the universe, they said. 天文学家说，这种引力涟漪会使宇宙中任何两点间的距离发生细微的变化。
In another study, French and Argentine astronomers said that observations by the Hubble Space Telescope and ground-based telescopes have detected a stellar black hole streaking across the Milky Way at about 250,000 miles an hour. A companion star is being dragged along and slowly devoured by the black hole, according to scientists at the French Atomic Energy Commission and the Institute for Astronomy and Space Physics in Argentina. 在另一项研究中，法国和阿根廷天文学家说，通过哈勃太空望远镜和地面的天文望远镜，他们发现一个星球的黑洞正以25万英里的时速穿越银河系。据法国原子能委员会和阿根廷天文和空间物理研究所的科学家介绍，这个黑洞后还有另一颗星尾随相伴，并正在被黑洞慢慢地蚕食。
The astronomers said the stellar black hole may have been created by an exploding star in the inner disk of the Milky Way. The black hole is 6,000 to 9,000 light years away, the researchers said. A report on the observations appears Tuesday in the journal Astronomy and Astrophysics.
A black hole is a point in space that is so dense with matter that its gravitational field will not let anything - not even light - escape. Stellar black holes, equal to 3.5 to about 15 solar masses, can be formed by the collapse of a single massive star. But galactic black holes, such as those in NGC6240, are much larger, equal perhaps to millions of solar masses, and are usually at the center of galaxies.The Milky Way, home galaxy of the sun and its planets, is thought to have a black hole at its center.With its immense gravitational pull, a black hole can suck in gas, st and other matter from the surrounding space. Entire stars can be stripped and pulled into the bottomless maw. As it spirals in at near light speeds, matter captured by a black hole heats by millions of degrees and gives out intense radiation in several parts of the spectrum, including X-rays. The orbiting Chandra observatory is able to detect these X-rays and relay the data to Earth for study by astronomers. 黑洞就是太空中的一个点，此点密度甚高，使得任何物质甚至光都无法脱离它的引力。一个巨星的瓦解就足以产生质量相当于3.5至15个太阳的星球黑洞。但星系黑洞如NGC6240中的黑洞要大得多，质量相当于几百万个太阳，通常位于星系的中心。 银河系是太阳及其九大行星的家，科学家认为银河系的中心就存在着一个黑洞。靠着强大的引力牵拉，黑洞能吸入来自周围空间的气体、尘埃和其它物质。这个无底洞甚至将整个星球分解后吸入。物质被黑洞捕获后以几近光速的高速被旋转吸入洞中时，它所释放出的热量可高达几百万度，并可发出不同的强烈射线，包括X射线。正在轨道上运转的钱德拉望远镜可以检测到这些X射线，并将数据传回地球，供天文学家研究。
NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory was launched and deployed by the space shuttle Columbia on July 23, 1999. 美国航空航天局的钱德拉X线望远镜是在1999年7月23日，由哥伦比亚号太空飞船搭载发射升空的。
生命的循环
Facing death, Jeff Cross and Lily Cheng had run out of options. But a rare "domino" liver transplant, involving a living donor, gave both a future.
面对死亡，杰夫·克罗斯和程莉莉已经没有其他选择了。但是一个罕见的"多米诺"式肝脏移植(涉及到一位活人器官捐献者)，却给两人带来了新的生机。
Circle of Life
Since last spring, Jeff Cross, 29, had been tormented by night sweats, a side effect of the rare genetic illness that threatened to kill him unless he got a new liver.