2000年考研英语阅读翻译解析

Ⅰ 考研英语真题1994-2000年及答案解析（不要只是阅读的翻译），如果还有1994年以前的就更好

已发。。。

Ⅱ 05——07年考研英语阅读及译文

回答字数在10000字以内，所以就放了2005年希望对你有用。

2005 Passage 1

Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it all too monkey, as well.

The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food tardily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.

Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan's and Dr. de waal's; study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.

In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers) So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber .Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to rece resentment in a female capuchin.

The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions, in the wild, they are a co-operative, groupliving species, Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone, Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems form the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.

21. In the opening paragraph, the author introces his topic by
[A]. posing a contrast.
[B]. justifying an assumption.
[C]. making a comparison.
[D]. explaining a phenomenon.

22. The statement “it is all too monkey” (Last line, paragraph l) implies that
[A]. monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals.
[B]. resenting unfairness is also monkeys' nature.
[C]. monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other.
[D]. no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions.

23. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are
[A]. more inclined to weigh what they get.
[B]. attentive to researchers' instructions.
[C]. nice in both appearance and temperament.
[D]. more generous than their male companions

24. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys
[A]. prefer grapes to cucumbers.
[B]. can be taught to exchange things.
[C]. will not be co-operative if feeling cheated.
[D]. are unhappy when separated from others.

25. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
[A]. Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.
[B]. Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.
[C]. Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.
[D]. Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.

重点词汇：

assumption  （假定；承担；呈现）是assume的名词形式；见1997年Text 2。.参consumption，2002年Text 3。assumption — the mother of screw-up 臆断——把事情弄糟的根源。underlying assumption 潜在的假定。
grievance /n.委屈冤情不平。申诉人提出不满意见交付仲裁者。悲痛伤心事不幸忧伤。因为有冤情（）而满怀悲痛（）向申诉人申诉。

tardily  adv.缓慢。形容词形式拖拉的。（谐音记忆：他地，工作是他的，所以我可以拖拉）

counterpart （相似或对应的人或物）即counter+part，counter-前缀“对等”，part部分，“对等的部分”。见2000年 Passage 4 。
token  n. 表示, 向征, 记号, 代币 adj. 象征的, 表意的。Tears are queer tokens of happiness. 眼泪是快乐的一种奇怪的表示。
reluctant  （不愿的，勉强的）即re+luct+ant，re-看作“反复”，luct可看作词根lect“选择”，-ant形容词后缀，人们都不愿反反复复地作选择，所以“反复选择”→不愿的。Suggestion systems can work — don't be reluctant to use them.建议制度是有效的——不要不愿使用它们。
indignation  n. 愤慨, 义愤。 记忆：in-dig挖（坑）-nation，挖坑藏在里面的民族，能不愤慨吗？比如老萨，呵呵。形容词形式 indignant  adj. 愤怒的, 愤慨的

难句分析：
①Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.
前一分句是句子的主句，其中使用了短语regard…as…的被动形式；with加名词作状语，即“带有潜在的假定”，其中assumption后接有that引导的同位语从句解释说明假定的内容。
翻译：这种行为被看作是“人之长情”，他潜在的假定就是其他动物不可能有这种高度发达的不公平意识。
②when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.
该句子的主句是their behaviour became markedly different.前面是when引导的时间状语从句，其中包含了so that引导的目的状语从句。
翻译：当两个猴子被安置在隔开但相邻的两个房间里，能够互相看见对方用石头换回来什么东西时，猴子的行为就会变的明显不同。

试题解析：
这篇文章是讲猴子有一种天然的公平意识，文章本身难度不是太大，一开始做了一个类比，讲人的公平意识。然后根据这个类比，文章重点谈猴子们的公平意识。这篇对比性的文章两个方面要理解，第一，人类和猴子之间都有一种近似的表现，当受到不公正待遇的时候，都有义愤填膺的感觉，如果把握这个逻辑，就是类比的逻辑。第二, 最后两段关于选择的实验的对象以及实验的结果。

21题，我们应该选择C，考察第一段的写作手法，明显用的是猴和人之间的相似形的比较关系。
22题答案是B，也是在把猴子和人做类比，指出猴子与人一样都抱怨不公平
23题答案选A，这个是事实细节题，答案是根据文章第三段第一句话得到的，雌性的猴子被选择做研究，是因为她们更加注重她们获得的东西。
24题答案选择C，他们最终的发现是什么，篇章最后两段反复重复，如果没有受到公平的话，
25题选择B.这篇文章第一段和最后一段都出现一个词，"假设"为什么猴和人都有这种心理反应，这个问题没有得以解决。

全文翻译：
人人都喜欢大幅加薪，但是当你知道一个同事薪水加得比你还要多的时候，那么加薪带给你的喜悦感就消失的无影无踪了。如果他还以懒散出名的话，你甚至会变得怒不可遏。这种行为被看作是“人之长情”，其潜在的假定其他动物不可能具有如此高度发达的不公平意识。但是由佐治亚州亚特兰大埃里莫大学的Sarah Brosnan 和Frans de Waal进行的一项研究表明，它也是“猴之常情”。这项研究成果刚刚发表在《自然》杂志上。

研究者们对雌性棕色卷尾猴的行为进行了研究。它们看起来很可爱，性格温顺，合作，乐于分享食物。最重要的是，就象女人们一样，它们往往比雄性更关注“商品和服务”价值。这些特性使它们成为Brosnan 和 de Waal理想的研究对象。研究者们花了两年的时间教这些猴子用代币换取食物。正常情况下，猴子很愿意用几块石头换几片黄瓜。但是，当两个猴子被安置在隔开但相邻的两个房间里，能够互相看见对方用石头换回来什么东西时，猴子的行为就会变的明显不同。

在卷尾猴的世界里，葡萄是奢侈品（比黄瓜受欢迎得多）。所以当一只猴子用一个代币换回一颗葡萄时，第二只猴子就不愿意用自己的代币换回一片黄瓜。如果一只猴子根本无需用代币就能够得到一颗葡萄的话，那么另外一只就会将代币掷向研究人员或者扔出房间外，或者拒绝接受那片黄瓜。事实上，只要在另一房间里出现了葡萄（不管有没有猴子吃它），都足以引起雌卷尾猴的怨恨。

研究人员指出，正如人类一样，卷尾猴也受社会情感的影响。在野外，它们是相互合作的群居动物。只有当每只猴子感到自己没有受到欺骗时，这种合作才可能稳定。不公平而引起的愤怒感似乎不是人类的专利。拒绝接受较少的酬劳可以让这些情绪准确无误地传达给其它成员。但是这种公平感是在卷尾猴和人类身上各自独立演化而成，还是来自三千五百万前他们共同的祖先，这还是一个悬而未决的问题。

2005 Passage 2

Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.
There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel's report “Science never has all the answers .But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that out nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”
Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it's Ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.
Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it's obvious that a majority of the president's advisers still don't take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research-a classic case of “paralysis by analysis”.
To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won't take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures .A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private instry is a promising start Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.
26. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that
[A]. there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death.
[B]. the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant.
[C]. people had the freedom to choose their own way of life.
[D]. antismoking people were usually talking nonsense.
27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as
[A]. a protector.
[B]. a judge.
[C]. a critic.
[D]. a guide.
28. What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis” (Last line, paragraph 4)
[A]. Endless studies kill action.
[B]. Careful investigation reveals truth.
[C]. prudent planning hinders.
[D]. Extensive research helps decision-making.
29. According to the author, what should the Administration do about
[A]. Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.
[B]. Raise public awareness of conservation.
[C]. Press for further scientific research.
[D]. Take some legislative measures.
30. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because
[A]. they both suffered from the government's negligence.
[B]. a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former.
[C]. the outcome of the latter aggravates the former.
[D]. both of them have turned from bad to worse.

重点词汇：
prudent adj. 谨慎的。It's prudent to take a thick coat in cold weather when you go out. 在寒冷的天气下外出时带上件厚外套是谨慎的。名词形式prudence n. 审慎。记忆：rude 粗鲁的，无礼的，p不-rude粗鲁的-ent形容词后缀
paralysis n. 瘫痪, 麻痹。 para-侧面。参见2003年Text 2。
paraphrase  （n.v.释意）即para+phrase，para-前缀表“在旁边、辅助”，phrase即“短语；用短语表达”，故“用短语辅助表达”→释意。以para-为前缀的单词还有paragraph（文章的段、节；短评）←para+graph写；parameter（参数）←para+meter计量；parasite（寄生虫）←para+site地点。
analysis  n. 分析, 分解。记忆：an-a-lysis，后缀同上，分析成一个an,a。联想：反义词synthesis n. 综合, 合成

take the legislative initiative
take the initiative 带头,开始着手 took the initiative in trying to solve the problem.开始着手试图解决这个问题
initiative  n. 主动。 名词形式initiate vt. 开始, 发动, 传授 v. 开始, 发起
legislative  adj. 立法的, 立法机关的 n. 立法机关。参见1999 Passage 4 。legislation  （立法；法规）看作leg+is+lat(e)+ion，leg词根“法律”（参allegation宣称，2003年Text 2），is是，late迟的，-ion名词后缀，“法律是迟的”→旧法律难以适应新事物→所以要不断“立法”→“立法”之产物即“法规”。

难句解析：
①The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made.
主干部分是The latest was a panel，表语panel后接有两个定语成分：from的介词短语和含enlisted的过去分词，即“白宫召集的、来自国家科学院的专家团”，其中第二个定语成分中又包含一个不定式结构，表目的，即“为了告诉我们……而召集的（专家团）”。
翻译：最近的行动是由白宫召集了一批来自国家科学院的专家团，他们告诉我们，地球气候毫无疑问正在变暖，而这个问题主要是人为造成的。
②But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that out nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”
该句子的主干是由and连接的两个并列从句，前一分句的主干是science…provide us with…guide；后一分句的主干是it is critical，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。从句的主干是our nation and the world base…policies on…judgments，judgments后接有两个定语结构，一是that引导的定语从句，一是concerning分词结构。
翻译：但是科学确实为我们的未来提供了最好的指导，关键是我们的国家和整个的世界在做重要决策时，应该以科学能够提供的关于人类现在的行为对未来影响最好的判断作为依据。
③Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it's Ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure。
该句子的主干是voices now come from many quarters；句首Just as结构做比较状语，意为“正如…一样”；insisting 引导的分词结构做定语修饰主语voice，分词结构中含有两个并列的由that引导的宾语从句，第二个宾语从句的真实主语是不定式结构to keep…
翻译：就象吸烟问题一样，来自不同领域的声音坚持认为有关全球变暖的科学资料还不完整。
试题解析：
第二篇文章是一篇一般的时事性文章，这也是一篇类比，考完了以后很多考生说这篇文章讲抽烟，其实不是的，作者讲抽烟是想说明现在的温室效应，也是一种类比，许多人抽烟没有人去管，因为缺乏足够的证据,咱们各国政府也不管温室效应, 也是同样的原因。中心讲的是世界各个政府对温室效应的解决的态度，篇章的关键词围绕这样三个问题展开，第一个就是证据不充足。第二是科学的意义。第三是制定法律，尤其最后三段大量出现立法和法规的现象，
26题选C，
27应该选D，科学应该作为一个指导性，是答案是根据文章第2段的最后两句话。
28题是猜单词题，单词所在的句子的意思是有些人总要科学证据，结果抹杀了行动。所以选A。29答案选择D，采取某种法律措施，法律在最后的段落重复的最多。
30题作者谈的抽烟的教训对我们温室处理也是一样的，选B。
全文翻译：
还记得科学家们认为吸烟会致人死亡，而那些怀疑者们却坚持认为我们无法对此得出定论的时候吗？还记得怀疑者们坚持认为缺乏决定性的证据，科学也不确定的时候吗？还记得怀疑者们坚持认为反对吸烟的游说是为了毁掉我们的生活方式，而政府应该置身事外的时候吗？许多美国人相信了这些胡言乱语，在三十多年中，差不多有一千万烟民早早的进了坟墓。
现在出现了与吸烟类似的令人感到难过的事情。科学家们前仆后继，试图使我们意识到全球气候变暖所带来的日益严重的威胁。最近的行动是由白宫召集了一批来自国家科学院的专家团，他们告诉我们，地球气候毫无疑问正在变暖，而这个问题主要是人为造成的。明确的信息表明是我们应该立刻着手保护自己。国家科学院院长Bruce Alberts在专家团报告的前言中加上了这一重要观点：“科学解答不了所有问题。但是科学确实为我们的未来提供了最好的指导，关键是我们的国家和整个的世界在做重要决策时，应该以科学能够提供的关于人类现在的行为对未来影响最好的判断作为依据。
就象吸烟问题一样，来自不同领域的声音坚持认为有关全球变暖的科学资料还不完整。在我们证实这件事之前可以向大气中不断的排放气体。这是一个危险的游戏；到了有百分之百的证据的时候，可能就太晚了。随着风险越来越明显，并且不断增加，一个谨慎的民族现在应该准备一份保单了。
幸运的是，白宫开始关注这件事了。但是显然大多数总统顾问并没有认真看待全球气候变暖这个问题。他们没有出台行动计划，相反只是继续迫切要求进行更多的研究――这是一个经典的“分析导致麻痹案例”。
为了成为地球上有责任心的一员，我们必须积极

Ⅲ 英语翻译和分析： 2000年英语考研阅读5 求帮忙

个人的雄心如果能被正确看待的话，那么它的回报——财富、声誉、对命运的掌握——则应回该被认为值得为之答付出牺牲。如果雄心的传统具有生命力，那么它就应该受到广泛的推崇，尤其应该受到那些自身得到他人羡慕的人们的高度重视，当然那些接受过良好教育的人也应包括在内

首先这是篇考研阅读的话 那么文章一定来自于外文摘选，所以每个词后面的内在含义与寓意不是光在表面才理解的，还有上下文也是可以帮忙解释的，考研英语阅读不是看你的逻辑结构怎样，而是看你能不能读懂句子，选出合适的选项啊

Ⅳ 考研英语阅读理解翻译历年真题

“I've never met a human worth cloning,” says cloning expert Mark Westhusin from the cramped confines of his lab at Texas A&M University. “It's a stupid endeavor.” That's an interesting choice of adjective, coming from a man who has spent millions of dollars trying to clone a 13-year-old dog named Missy. So far, he and his team have not succeeded, though they have cloned two calves and expect to clone a cat soon. They just might succeed in cloning Missy later this year—or perhaps not for another five years. It seems the reproctive system of man's best friend is one of the mysteries of modern science.

Westhusin's experience with cloning animals leaves him vexed by all this talk of human cloning. In three years of work on the Missyplicity project, using hundreds upon hundreds of canine eggs, the A&M team has proced only a dozen or so embryos carrying Missy's DNA. None have survived the transfer to a surrogate mother. The wastage of eggs and the many spontaneously aborted fetuses may be acceptable when you're dealing with cats or bulls, he argues, but not with humans. “Cloning is incredibly inefficient, and also dangerous,” he says.

Even so, dog cloning is a commercial opportunity, with a nice research payoff. Ever since Dolly the sheep was cloned in 1997, Westhusin's phone at A&M College of Veterinary Medicine has been ringing busily. Cost is no obstacle for customers like Missy's mysterious owner, who wishes to remain unknown to protect his privacy. He's plopped down $3.7 million so far to fund the research because he wants a twin to carry on Missy?s fine qualities after she dies. But he knows her clone may not have her temperament. In a statement of purpose, Missy's owner and the A&M team say they are “both looking forward to studying the ways that her clone differs from Missy.”

The fate of the dog samples will depend on Westhusin's work. He knows that even if he gets a dog viably pregnant, the offspring, should they survive, will face the problems shown at birth by other cloned animals: abnormalities like immature lungs and heart and weight problems. “Why would you ever want to clone humans,” Westhusin asks, “when we?re not even close to getting it worked out in animals yet?” [397 words]

6. Mr. Westhusin thinks cloning is dangerous because_____ .

[A] animals are tortured to death in the experiments

[B]the public has expressed strong disapproval

[C] too many lives are wasted for laboratory use

[D] cloning becomes a quest only for profit

7. What is the problem confronting the Missyplicity project?

[A] The client holds a suspicious view toward it.

[B] There is a lack of funds to support the research.

[C] The owner is unwilling to disclose the information.

[D] Cloning dogs is a difficult biological problem.

8. Which of the following is true about animal cloning?

[A]Few private cloning companies could afford it

[B]Few people have realized its significance.

[C] An exact of a cat or bull can be made.

[D] It is becoming a prosperous instry.

9. From the passage we can infer that _____.

[A] Mr. Westhusin is going to clone a dog soon

[B] scientists are pessimistic about human cloning

[C] human reproctive system has not been understood

[D] rich people are only interested in cloning animals

10. Mr. Westhusin seems to believe that cloning______.

[A] is stupid and should be abandoned [B] has been close to success

[C] should be taken cautiously [D] is now in a dilemma

>>>>>>答案解析<<<<<<

核心词汇

confines n. limits or borders范围，界限;边界 例：the confines of human knowledge 人类的知识范围 / the confines of family life 家庭生活的范围

超纲词汇

aborted a. *① 流产的 ② 出问题的，出故障的

canine a. 犬的，犬科的

cramped a. 狭窄的，拥挤的 例：working in cramped conditions 在拥挤的环境里工作

embryo n. 胚胎

fetus n. 胎，胎儿

Missyplicity n.这是个临时造的词，是三个部分的合成：Missy指文中提到的那条狗密斯，

plicate意为“复制”，?ity为名词后缀

plop vi.&vt.(使)扑通一声落下 例：Can you plop some ice in my drink? 能在我的饮料中放点冰块吗? 文中是比喻用法，指“投入资金”

surrogate n.代理, 代理人,代用品 vt.使代理, 使代替;*surrogate mother 代理母体

veterinary a.兽医的 例：veterinary medicine/science兽医学

vexed a.*① 气恼的，烦恼的 例：the vexed parents of an unruly teenager因孩子难管教而气恼的父母 ②(问题等)争论不休的，难于解决的 例：vexed question/issue棘手的问题

viably ad. ① 可实施地，切实可行地 *② 能存活地，能生长发育地

长难句分析

1. That's an interesting choice of adjective, coming from a man who has spent millions of dollars trying to clone a 13-year-old dog named Missy.

该句主干是That's an interesting choice of adjective。现在分词短语coming from... 做后置定语，修饰前面的名词choice，相当于一个定语从句(which is)coming from... ;在分词短语中，定语从句who... 也做后置定语，修饰先行词a man。

2. He knows that even if he gets a dog viably pregnant, the offspring, should they survive, will face the problems shown at birth by other cloned animals: abnormalities like immature lungs and heart and weight problems.

该句主干是He knows that... 。that引导的宾语从句是一个主从复合句，且从句位于主句之前，主句是the offspring will face the problems... ;从句是让步状语从句：even if he gets a dog viably pregnant;should they survive是个省略了if的条件状语从句，为插入语，修饰主句。另外，主句的宾语the problems后接有过去分词短语shown... 做后置定语，相当于一个定义从句(that)are shown... ;冒号后的名词短语做the problems的同位语。

语篇分析

本文题材涉及生物技术。作者从克隆动物这个角度间接论证克隆人的不可行性，主张应该慎重对待克隆人研究。它是一篇观点论证型文章，按照“提出观点—论证观点—重申观点”的脉络展开论述，可分成三部分。

第一段为第一部分，提出观点：克隆人是不可行的。

引用专家Mark Westhusin和一位试图克隆其爱犬的富人的话(never met a human worth cloning，a stupid endeavor)表达作者的观点。接着介绍Mark Westhusin所进行的克隆动物的实验(two calves，a cat and a dog)，并特别指出对狗的克隆最具难度(one of the mysteries of modern science)。

第二、三段为第二部分，论证观点。

第二段：指出Mark Westhusin克隆动物的经验使他极力反对克隆人(vexed by talking of human cloning)。首句是段落主题句。段中详细介绍了一个克隆狗的项目(the Missyplicity project)中出现的状况：①从成百上千的卵中只获得一打左右基因匹配的胚胎;②转移到母体时没有一个胚胎存活下来。从这些细节中可以推出，克隆是低效而且危险的。这在末句“Cloning is incredibly inefficient, and also dangerous”得到了证实。该段最后还给出了Mark Westhusin的观点：动物实验中的浪费现象在人的研究中不能被接受。因此，该段将Mark Westhusin反对克隆人的态度表露无疑。

Ⅳ 考研英语2000翻译问题

require doing sth，这个句型里这里doing是动名词..
在这个句子里''this'' require的东西是varing measures，而 varing measures是 adj+n，所以本身是名词的话 没有必要非再弄个doing 形式的动名词，那样的话啰嗦不简洁。
【ps 是 需要不同的measures】

Ⅵ 2000至2009考研英语二MBA阅读理解翻译

2010年之前的英语是不分考研英语一和英语二的哦~
英语二是从2010年开始的~英语二的难度比英语一简单。
题型分为：完型填空10分+阅读理解（Part A 40分+Part B 10分）+英译汉（15分）+小作文（10分）+大作文（15分）
完型填空的难度较高，分值较低；英译汉的难度中等，词汇较简单。所以我们复习的重点一般是在阅读理解和大小作文模板的应用上。
阅读理解要想考好，需要的不仅是是词汇的积累和长难句的学习，还需要弄明白出题人的出题思路哦~
MBA阅读理解一共50分，Part A 40分+Part B 10分
Part A是传统的阅读，一共四篇。阅读文章的来源有经济类、环境类、科学类等，这就意味这我们词汇积累的方向可以多集中在这几类。
拿到一篇文章，先看的是题干，带着题干问题阅读文章。阅读理解的题型分为细节题、主旨题、态度题、推断题、词意题和例证题。
细节题：先根据题干关键词定位到准确的语句，正确答案多数是原文的同义替换。
主旨题：一般是根据首段和末段进行总结
态度题：根据末段或者每段的中心句中的动词、形容词等关键词进行感情色彩的判断。正确答案一定不是中立词。
推断题：先根据题干关键词定位到准确的语句，对原文进行总结，不需要过度推断。
词意题：是原词的同义替换，需要根据上下文的感情色彩进行大致判断，或者将选项代入原文。
例证题：例证题不需要要看例子本身，需要看的是上下文的作者的总结句。
Part B分为小标题和连连看两类题型，连连看的正确答案一般是原文的同义替换或者原词复现；小标题较难，是对下文的归纳。
有一些题，比如同义替换的题目，是靠词汇量，但是有一些需要读懂长难句才能做对，因此大家一定要多多积累词汇，试着攻克长难句哦！
祝成功上岸！

Ⅶ 考研英语真题1994-1999年的答案解析（不要只是阅读的翻译），如果还有1994年以前的就更好

发过去了哥们，希望对你有帮助，祝金榜题名～

Ⅷ 考研英语

023年考研英语网络网盘下载

考研资料实时更新
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简介：2023年考研英语复习资料、考研英语复习规划、考研英语大纲，考研英语真题等合集

Ⅸ 考研英语阅读理解翻译全文

考研英语阅读是考研英语的关键,所以平时要多做并总结考研英语阅读技巧。下面就是我给大家整理的考研英语阅读理解翻译全文，希望对你有用!
考研英语阅读原文
Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely——though by no means uniformly——glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.

Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.

But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have enred for millions of years —— so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years. Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."

So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organizations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.

Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.

But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.

This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to rece many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.
考研英语阅读翻译
几十年前，我们对于未来的看法尽管并不一致，但总的来说颇为乐观。我们相信科学和技术将会治愈人类的一切疾病，使所有人都过上充满机会和成就感的生活。

如今，随着我们对自己所面临的一系列威胁有了更深刻的认识，比如从小行星撞击，到流感，再到气候变化，乌托邦式已经不合时宜。你甚至可能会禁不住要想：人类几乎前途渺茫。

然而，这种担忧不合时宜。化石记录表明，许多物种已经存活了数百万年之久，那么人类为何就不可以呢?从一个更宏观的视角来看一看人类在宇宙中的地位，就会清楚明白，即使人类生存不了几十万年，至少再存活几万年的机会还是很大。在国际自然保护联盟的濒危物种 "红色名录"上查阅"智人"这一条目，你会读到："由于该物种分布非常广泛，适应性强，目前数量持续上升，且不存在导致其整体数量下降的重大威胁，故被列为最无危物种"。

那么，我们的遥远未来会是什么景象呢?越来越多的研究者和组织机构正在认真思考这个问题。比如，今日不朽基金会的旗舰项目是一台机械时钟，该时钟的设计目标是能够在几千几万年后保持计时功能。

这样做或许有些一意孤行，但推想久远的未来要比思考即将发生的未来更为容易。当今技术的可能发展及它的社会影响结果非常复杂，或许最好的办法是让科幻小说家和未来学家去探索我们能想象到的种种可能。这正是我们发行《弧》的原因之一，该新刊物旨在探索不远的未来。

但是，如果采用一个更为长远的视角，我们便能对惊人数量的事情做出很有把握的预测。通常，过去掌握着通向未来的钥匙：目前，我们已经充分了解有关地球历史和人类历史的长期发展模式，这使我们能对子孙后代的生存环境做出有根据的预测。

这种长远的视角使我们对未来的悲观态度更像是一股短暂的风潮。诚然，未来绝非一片光明。不过，我们已经有足够的知识去降低许多曾经威胁前人生存的危险，以及去改善后人的命运。
考研英语阅读词语解析
dedicated['dedi.keitid]adj. 专注的，献身的，专用的

overall[əuvə'rɔ:l]adj. 全部的，全体的，一切在内的

strike[straik]n. 罢工，打击，殴打 v. 打，撞，罢工，划

adaptable[ə'dæptəbl]adj. 能适应的，适应性强的，可改编的

planet['plænit]n. 行星

immediate[i'mi:djət]adj. 立即的，即刻的，直接的，最接近的

pessimistic[.pesi'mistik]adj. 悲观的，悲观主义的

population[.pɔpju'leiʃən]n. 人口 ，(全体)居民，人数

opportunity[.ɔpə'tju:niti]n. 机会，时机

evolution[.i:və'lu:ʃən]n. 进化，发展，演变

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Ⅹ 英语阅读理解翻译加答案解析

英语阅读理解翻译加答案解析

阅读理解是英语各题型中的重中之中。备考考研英语阅读理解,关键是扩大英语阅读的练习，下面是我给大家准备的英语阅读理解真题的翻译加答案解析，欢迎大家阅读练习!

Talk to any parent of a student who took an adventurous gap year (a year between school and university when some students earn money, travel, etc.) and a misty look will come into their eyes. There are some disasters and even the most motivated, organised gap student does require family back-up, financial, emotional and physical. The parental mistiness is not just about the brilliant experience that has matured their offspring; it is vicarious living. We all wish pre?university gap years had been the fashion in our day. We can see how much tougher our kids become; how much more prepared to benefit from university or to decide positively that they are going to do something other than a degree.

Gap years are fashionable, as is reflected in the huge growth in the number of charities and private companies offering them. Pictures of Prince William toiling in Chile have helped, but the trend has been gathering steam for a decade. The range of gap packages starts with backpacking, includes working with charities, building hospitals and schools and, very commonly, working as a language assistant, teaching English. With this trend, however, comes a danger. Once parents feel that a well-structured year is essential to their would?be undergraates progress to a better university, a good degree, an impressive CV and well paid employment, as the gap companies blurbs suggest it might be, then parents will start organising—and paying for—the gaps.

Where there are disasters, according to Richard Oliver, director of the gap companies' umbrella organisation, the Year Out Group, it is usually because of poor planning. That can be the fault of the company or of the student, he says, but the best insurance is thoughtful preparation. “When people get it wrong, it is usually medical or, especially among girls, it is that they have not been away from home before or because expectation does not match reality.”

The point of a gap year is that it should be the time when the school leaver gets to do the thing that he or she fancies. Kids don't mature if mum and dad decide how they are going to mature. If the 18-year-old's way of maturing is to slob out on Hampstead Heath soaking up sunshine or spending a year working with fishermen in Cornwall, then thats what will be proctive for that person. The consensus, however, is that some structure is an advantage and that the prime mover needs to be the student.

The 18-year-old who was dispatched by his parents at two weeks'notice to Canada to learn to be a snowboarding instructor at a cost of ￡5,800, probably came back with little more than a hangover. The 18-year-old on the same package who worked for his fare and spent the rest of his year instructing in resorts from New Zealand to Switzerland, and came back to apply for university, is the positive counterbalance. [502 words]

16. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that parents of gap students may____.

[A] help children to be prepared for disasters

[B] receive all kinds of support from their children

[C] have rich experience in bringing up their offspring

[D] experience watching children grow up

17. According to the text, which of the following is true?

[A] The popularity of gap years results from an increasing number of charities.

[B] Prince William was working hard ring his gap year.

[C] Gap years are not as fashionable as they were ten years ago.

[D] A well-structured gap year is a guarantee of university success.

18. The word “packages” (Line 3, Para. 2) means________.

[A] parcels carried in traveling [B] a comprehensive set of activities

[C] something presented in a particular way [D] charity actions

19. What can cause the disasters of gap years?

[A] Intervention of parents. [B] Irresponsibility of the companies.

[C] A lack of insurance. [D] Low expectation.

20. An 18-year-old is believed to take a meaningful gap year when he/she.________

[A] lives up to his/her parents'expectations

[B] spends time being lazy and doing nothing

[C] learns skills by spending parents'money

[D] earns his or her living and gains working experience

>>>>>>答案解析<<<<<<

核心词汇

at two weeksnotice 提前两周通知;at short(a moments) notice随时，提前很短时间通知 例：We are ready to start at short notice.我们已准备好，接到通知就可以出发。

back?up n./ a. *① 支援(者)，支持(者) ② 备用品 例：a backup plan/system/pilot备用计划/备用系统/候补飞行员

back up ① 支持(某人)，证实(某说法) ② 备份，复制(磁盘) ③ 向后移动

counterbalance n./v. 平衡，抗衡;平衡抵消物; counter? 前缀，表示“相反的，相对的”如 counter?attack v. 回击，counterpart n. 地位、职务等相当的人，对等物

look up ① 抬头看 ② 尊敬，仰望 例：look up to sb. as ones teacher把某人尊为老师 *③ (形势等)好转 例：Things are looking up now.情况正在好转。 ④ (在字典、参考书等中)查寻 例：look up a word in a dictionary在字典中查一个词

package n. ① 包，盒，袋 *② a set of related things or services sold or offered together(必须整体接受的)一套，一揽子 例：a benefits package 一套福利措施 / an aid package 综合援助计划 / package deal 一揽子交易

pick up ① 拾起，拿起 例： pick up the phone拿起话筒 ② (偶然、无意地)获得(收益、知识、消息等) pick up a tip from my mother 从妈妈那学到一个窍门 ③ 接收(讯号)，收听(广播等)例：pick up the BBC World Service 接收英国广播公司国际广播节目 *④ (情况等)好转，改进 例：Trade is picking up nicely.生意很有起色。

structure n. ① 结构，构造，体系 *② a situation in which everything is carefully organized and planned组织性，条理性 例： Kids need some sort of structure to their day. 儿童的日常生活需要有点条理性。

vt. 构造;组织;安排 例：You need to structure your arguments more carefully.你需要更仔细地组织好自己的论据。/ well structured精心组织的，安排周密的

umbrella organization an organization that includes many smaller groups伞状机构、组织

超纲词汇

a gap year (中学和大学之间)学业间断的一年，间断年

backpack v.背包旅行 例：go backpacking n.背包

blurb n. ① (印在书籍封套上的)简介 *② 夸大的广告或介绍词

hangover n. 遗留的感觉(或风俗、习惯等)(常后跟介词from) 例：the insecure feeling that was a hangover from her childhood 她儿时留下的不安全感

slob n. 懒惰而邋遢的人 *vi. slob out/around游手好闲，无所事事

toil n.辛苦，劳累;苦活，难事 例：some books are a toil to read.有些书读起来真费劲。 v.苦干，辛苦从事(于……) 例：toil at/on ones task辛苦工作

vicarious a. ① 代理的，代表的;代理人的 例：vicarious authority代理的职权 *② (想象别人的苦乐等而)产生同感或共鸣的 例：He got a vicarious thrill out of watching his son score the winning goal.他看到儿子射入致胜一球时，也同样感到欣喜若狂。

语篇分析

本文题材涉及青少年教育。作者介绍了现在十分时兴的“学业间断年”现象，先分析它存在的问题，然后提出实现一个有意义的学业间断年的方法。这是一篇现象解释型文章，按照“提出现象—解释现象—提出建议”的脉络展开论述，可以分成三大部分。

第一段为第一部分，提出现象，引入话题。

以父母为切入点，间接提出一种现象：学业间断年。一方面，由于学业间断年存在着危机，家庭需要给予孩子各方面的支持。另一方面，父母从孩子身上感受到了一种新的生活方式(vicarious living)，他们看到孩子们①变得更坚强(become tougher);②为大学生活作了更充分的准备(more prepared to benefit from university);③打算做除了获得学历之外的事情(do something other than a degree)。

第二、三段为第二部分，解释现象，分析学业间断年现象的现状及存在的问题。

第二段：内容上分成了两个部分。第一部分指出学业间断年现在很流行，其表现是：组织团体和公司增多。其原因是：①威廉王子的宣传效应;②经过十年的发展声势逐渐强大。第二部分从with this trend, however... 开始，指出学业间断年的潜在问题之一：父母干预孩子的成长。其具体表现为：父母组织并资助间断年期间的活动(start organizing and paying for the gaps)。其原因是：受公司宣传的影响，以为这个阶段对孩子未来的学业和就业都非常重要。

第三段：延续第二段后面部分的内容，引用专家(Richard Oliver)的.观点，指出学业间断年存在的第二大问题：缺乏周密的计划(poor planning)。其表现是：健康问题、从未离开过家、期望与现实不符。解决方法：做好审慎的准备(thoughtful preparation)。

第四、五段为第三部分，提出建议，即让年轻人自己来组织和安排学业间断年。

第四段：首先提出要让学业间断年具有意义，就应该让年轻人独立地做自己喜欢做的事情(the school leaver gets to do the thing that he or she fancies)。接着从反面论证父母的安排不利于孩子真正成熟，该部分举了两个例子说明。最后再次重申，行动的安排者应该是学生自己。

第五段列举了两个例子，比较度过学业间断年的两种不同方式——由父母安排或者自己独立安排，从而支持了第四段的观点。

试题命制分析

针对上文的分析，我们可以命制以下几种题型，从而考查考生的多种阅读技能。

1. 事实细节题

(1) 针对第一段可以考查父母在学业间断年的收获，参见考试题16;也可以间接考查孩子们在学业间断年的收获，如：以下哪项是经历学业间断年的学生产生的变化?[A] 更成熟、更坚强;[B] 就业目的更明确;[C] 更轻松地完成大学学业;[D] 与父母之间关系更融洽。(答案：[A])

(2) 可以考查学业间断年一般从事的活动，如，以下哪项不是学业间断年做的事情?[A] 修建学校;[B] 远途旅行;[C] 教学工作;[D] 慈善捐款。(答案：[D])

(3) 针对第二段“学业间断年时兴的原因”和“父母主动安排学业间断年的原因”考查因果细节。另外，由于第二段涉及细节较多，也可以综合考查，参见试题17。

(4) 综合第二段和第三段，可以综合考查学业间断年出现的问题，参见试题19。

2. 推理引申题

(1) 根据第一段倒数第二句We all wish... ，可以考查推理家长们看待学业间断年的态度。如：[A] 积极支持;[B] 坚决反对;[C] 不明确;[D] 既不支持也不反对。(答案：[A])

(2) 针对第二段有关威廉王子的例子，可以考查推理作者的写作意图。

(3) 针对最后一段的两个例子，可以考查推理作者举例的目的，也可以考查推理作者认为实现有意义的学业间断年的方法。参见试题20。

3. 语言知识题。

(1) 考查第一段超纲词vicarious在上下文中的含义。

(2) 考查第二段packages一词的熟词僻义。参见试题18。

试题精解

16.从第一段可推知经历学业间断年的学生的父母可能——。

[A] 帮助孩子准备迎接灾难

[B] 从孩子那里得到各种支持

[C] 在抚养孩子方面有丰富的经验

[D] 经历了看着孩子成长的过程

[精解] 答案D本题考查推理引申。第一段论述了经历学业间断年的孩子的父母的感受，包括两个方面：一是由于这个时期的学生需要家庭从经济上、情感上和体力上给予帮助，因此父母可能有帮助孩子成熟起来的美好经历;二是父母间接的感受，即看着孩子们变得更坚强，自己做决定，从而成长。由此可知，[D]项是父母可能经历的。[A]项中出现了原文中的disaster，但含义不同。第一段第二句中disasters指的是“困难，危机”，是下文提到的“孩子需要家庭给予帮助”造成的。[B]项与第一段第二句含义相反。第三句提到，父母有帮助孩子成熟起来的美好经历，而非[C]项中的rich experience(经验丰富)。

17.根据文章，下面哪个说法正确?

[A] 学业间断年的普及是因为慈善机构数目的增长造成的。

[B] 威廉王子在他的学业间断年期间努力工作。

[C] 现在学业间断年不像十年前那样普及了。

[D] 一个精心安排的学业间断年是大学成功的保证。

[精解] 答案B本题考查事实细节。第二段首句提到，学业间断年现在很时兴，反映在提供它们的慈善团体和私人公司的数目呈巨额增长。[A]项错在将表现归为原因。第二句提到，威廉王子在智利吃苦的事情(对间断年的流行)发挥了作用。由此可推出[B]项正确。第三句提到，(间断年普及的)趋势十年来一直在加强。因此排除[C]项。第二段后半部分谈到“学业间断年的时兴”带来的隐患，即一些父母相信公司的介绍，认为精心安排的间断年对于孩子未来的求学、就业都很重要。因此[D]项是一些公司的宣传及部分家长的错误看法。

18.第二段第三行的单词packages的含义是——。

[A] 旅行中带的包裹

[B] 一套综合的活动

[C] 用特殊方式呈现出来的东西

[D] 慈善行动

[精解] 答案B本题考查词义。词义的确定依赖上下文。上文中gap一词多次出现，指“学业间断”，下文提到一系列活动，即背包旅行、和慈善团体一起工作、修建医院和学校、做语言助教教英语。因此gap packages指学业间断期间学生从事的多种活动。[D]项没有包括所有的活动，应选[B]项。

19.什么可能造成学业间断年出现问题?

[A] 父母的干预。 [B] 公司的不负责任。

[C] 没有保险。 [D] 期望过低。

[精解] 答案A第二段后半部分论述了随着学业间断年的普及而带来的一个隐患，即父母以为好的间断年可以决定孩子未来的的求学和就业，因此会主动安排孩子的间断年，甚至出钱。显然，这么做妨碍了孩子独立的成长。[A]项是造成问题的原因。第三段提到另外一个问题是计划不周，其表现有：健康问题(medical)、从未离开过家、期望与现实不符。[B]和[C]出现了原文中的词语company和insurance，但其含义与原文已有很大出入;文中只提到“期望与现实不符”，[D]中“过低”一词无从推知。

20.18岁的年轻人被认为度过了有意义的学业间断年，当他/她——。

[A] 达到父母的期望

[B] 无所事事

[C] 通过花父母的钱学会技能

[D] 自己谋生并获得工作经验

[精解] 答案D本题考查推理引申。第四段首句提到，学业间断年的意义在于它应该是离校生开始做自己喜欢做的事情的时候。第四段后面部分进一步进行阐述。由父母来决定孩子怎样成熟，并不能使孩子真正成熟。无所事事的行为也没有收获。行动的安排者应是学生自己。第五段举了两个截然不同的例子，前者遵照父母的安排，后者自食其力。因此，[D]项符合题意。

全文翻译

与度过了充满刺激的学业间断年的孩子的父母交谈，他们的眼神中会有一种含糊不清的东西。这一年中有一些危机，即使是目的明确、很有条理的学生，在间断年期间也需要家庭从经济上、情感上和体力上给予帮助。父母眼中的含糊不仅仅是因为让他们的孩子成熟起来的美好经历，也是因为他们自己间接感受到的生活方式。我们多希望大学前的间断年在我们那个时代就已经很时兴了。现在，我们能看着孩子们变得更坚强，更好地准备从上大学中有所收获或者积极地决定他们将做一些除了获得学历之外的事情。

学业间断年现在很时兴，这反映在提供它们的慈善团体和私人公司的数目呈巨额增长上。威廉王子在智利吃苦的照片发挥了作用，但这种趋势十年来一直在加强。学业间断年期间的一整套活动从背包旅行开始，包括和慈善团体一起工作，修建医院和学校，以及常见的做语言助教教英语。然而，随着这种趋势而来的也有危险。一旦父母相信那些学业间断年公司介绍的内容，认为精心安排的一个间断年对于想成为本科生的孩子进入更好的大学、获得高学历、得到令人印象深刻的简历和待遇良好的工作是至关重要的，那么他们就会开始组织并资助间断年期间的活动。

按照学业间断年公司综合机构“走出学业间断年团体”的负责人理查德•奥利弗埃的观点，出现问题往往是因为计划不周。他说，“这可能是公司或学生的责任，但是最保险的方法是作好审慎的准备。当人们把它搞砸时，往往是因为健康问题，尤其是女孩，因为她们从未离开过家，或者期望与现实不符”。

学业间断年的意义在于它应该是离校生开始做自己喜欢做的事情的时候。如果由父母来决定孩子怎样成熟，那么他们不会真地变成熟。如果18岁时变成熟的方式是在伦敦汉普斯泰德石南园中无所事事地晒太阳，或者花上一年时间和康沃尔郡的渔夫一起工作，那么对于后者来说将是有所收获的。然而，多数人还是认为进行某种安排是有利的，而且行动的安排者应是学生自己。

如果18岁的年轻人两周前得到父母的通知，被送去加拿大花5,800英镑学习成为一名滑雪教练，回来后可能只会留下很少的感觉。同样的18岁的年轻人，先通过工作赚钱，再用一年中剩下的时间在从新西兰到瑞士的多个避暑胜地执教，回来后申请大学，这样的经历则是完全不同的积极的做法。

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