初二英语阅读理解图表类
摘 要：本文探讨了初中英语阅读教学领域的传统手段和这些手段的弊端；论述了在阅读教学中运用图表进行教学的好处；并从阅读的若干环节着手，对初中英语阅读教学中的图表应用的意义、作用以及具体运用作出了分析和研究。
关键词：初中英语 阅读教学 图表 应用
一、 传统阅读方式的弊端和图表应用的优点
1. 阅读在英语考试中占有很大的比重，它一般包括我们常见的完形填空和阅读理解，此外还有学生失分较严重的阅读表达。如此一来，在整个教学过程中阅读课成为了教学的重点和难点。英语教师都有深刻的体会，虽然教师就课文内容向学生提了很多精心设计的问题，以有助于学生理解内容，与此同时，还认真地分析和阐述学生难以理解的长句、难句和知识点，但是，学生对文章的理解仍不够透彻，对文章整体意思只有模糊的印象，缺乏系统、深人的理解。这种现象充分表明，因循守旧的教学方式没有足够重视让学生理解文章的核心内容、正面的思维方式以及深度地领悟作者的想法。
2. 学生可以采用各式图表表达语篇内容。图表可以将难以理解的知识清晰地以图表形式在阅读教学中表现出来。根据课文内容及写作组织方式的不同，教师可以利用不同的图表形式来概括文章帆宏颂的主要内容。
二、 利用图表进行读前预测
学生在阅读之前，要最大程度地运用图表进行相关的逻辑推理。逻辑推理的行为能够让学生推导出关系密切的课文内容和知识，充分利用必不可少的图表。这属于预测手段，有利于学生加深对篇章的理解和认识，抓住它的核心和关键内容。这样一来，即便在阅读过程中，有很多不认识的词汇和难以把握的结构，也不会妨碍读者理解文章内容。从标题中就可以让学生猜文章的体裁以及故事的类型等，从而让学生对文章产生兴趣。
三、 表格能概括内容的核心要素
例如，在略读时可以运用表格归纳出下列几个要素：
略读的目的在于获得文章的总体思想，快速把握对文章的宏观印象。故事体裁包含的时间、地点、人物、事情等几个方面用表格的形式让学生通读全文后填写，便于学生掌握短文的大意。
要提醒学生关注插图，因为插图通常和内容的主旨密切相关。要关注文章的标题，这是因为标题表明了文章的核心内容、表达方式和创作目的。文章的开始、过渡语句（如表示先后顺序的词语next， then， at first和表示总结的态郑短语in brief， to conclude等）、核心句等，都能帮助学生了解事情之间的联系、文章的结构和创作者的想法和观点等。
四、 精读时利用图表引导学生抓住文章的细节内容
例如，寻找下面图表中问题的答案有助于理解文章的细节内容。
为了获得某些有用的既定信息，通常会采取精读的方式进行阅读，这样就可以找到有用信息来处理相关问题。在阅读的过程中，要最大限度地运用图表处理相关的信息内容，这样，学生就可以提高查找和选择相关信息的能力。学生可以对起作用的信息进行加工、补充、选择、判断和推理等。
绝扒五、 利用图表中所示的关键词或句子引导学生复述课文以达到巩固的效果
为了增强学生组织语言和表达的能力，最有效的途径之一就是复述课文。在复述过程中，如没有丝毫提示，学生在复述时都会面临很大的困难。但是，图表可以作为相关的框架，操作起来也很方便。所以，教师可以把图表中的内容展示出来，学生在复述时，可以作为结构和框架，整理自己的思路、强化记忆，并把所获得的知识转变为长时记忆，提高阅读效果。
六、 总结
图表教学在阅读课中的应用具有诸多优点，它能够使学生对材料有清晰深刻的理解，不再只满足于回答几个简单的问题，让学生也掌握了处理语言材料的方法，提高了学生综合运用语言的能力。
参考文献：
1. 施佩佩.初中英语语法教学的有效策略［J］.文理导航，2012（4）.
2. 图表阅读根据表格内容回答下列问题，英语。
纽约的天气如何？ 小雨 It is rainy, but not that heave.
北京天气如何？ 多云 It is cloudy.
伦敦专是多属云和下雨吗？ 是的 Yes. It is.
悉尼天气如何？ 阳光明媚 It is suny.
北京下雪吗？ 没有 No, it is not.
3. 英语作文中最难的图表类作文有哪些写作技巧
英语作文是一项主观性较强的测试题。它不仅考查学生的写作基础而且还考查学生在写作过程中综合运用语言的能力。答案开放、多元，有利于培养学生的创新思维。英语作文决不是停留在句子翻译的层面上，而是要求语言流畅，语法正确，逻辑合理。考生在写作时要把握好三个环节：写作之前：仔细审题、按规定写、准备写作。写作之中：书法规范、精心构思、行文正确。写作之后：通读全文、查找错误、周密推敲.
英语写作是语言应用的一个重要方面，也是语言能力测定的重要手段，衡量写作水平的
标准便是看其是否能用学过的语言材料，语法知识等用文字的形式来表达描述。
书面语言表达一般分为三个过程：思维、组织、表达。先是思维，把要写的东西在脑中
思考，这往往是个别的，孤立的一些素材，很凌乱琐碎；因此要对此进行组织，把这些思维
作出整理，使其条理、系统化，但这还是较粗糙的，可能还有一些用词不当或语言错误；最
后才是表达，把组织过的材料仔细推敲，确无问题了再落笔成文。在撰写时要注意主谓语一
致，时态呼应，用词贴切等，这就是写作。上述的三个过程，最难的就是第三个过程，这需
要我们有较好的语法知识，掌握一定数量的句型，习惯用语，熟练的写作技巧，这样才能写
出通顺生动的文章来。
总之，要提高英语写作水平，需要两方面的训练：一是语言基础方面的训练，要有扎实
的造句、翻译等基本功，即用词法、句法等知识造出正确无误的句子；二是写作知识和能力
方面的训练以掌握写作方面的基本方法和技巧。
那么，究竟怎样才能写好作文呢？
阅读优秀范文
首先要搞好阅读。阅读是写作的基础，在阅读方面下的功夫越深，驾驭语言的能力也就
越强。所以要写好英语先要读好英语，在语言学习方面狠下苦功，教科书要读透，因为教科
书中的文章都是一些很好的范文，文笔流畅，语言规范，精彩的一些课文段落要背诵。再就
是要进行大量课外阅读，并记住一些好文章的篇章结构。
加强练词造句训练
其次，要加强练词造句的训练。词句对作文相当于造房的材料，无好材料就造不出好房
子。平时在学习阅读时要注意收集积累，把好的词语、短语、句型做好笔记。平时在练习中
的错误也要做好记录，再对照正确句子，使地道的英语句子如同条件反射，落笔就对。
了解英语写作格式 还有，要了解英语写作的不同体裁与格式。可以先看一本介绍英
语写作入门的书，对英语写作有一个初步的概念，如怎么写议论文，如何提出论据，如何展
开，如何确定中心句；又如，英语信的格式，如何根据不同身份写不同结束语等，然后根据
不同的体裁进行写作练习。
用英语写日记
要养成记英语日记勤练笔的好习惯。经常用英语记日记，等于天天在练笔，这无疑是提
高英语协作的行之有效的好办法。在记日记时，不要总是用简单句，要有意识地用一些好的
词组、句型、关联词和复合句等，使文句更优美生动。还有要按照题目或所给情景写文章练
笔。写好后对照范文，找出差距，然后再练习，这对提高英语作文也很有帮助，在游泳中学
会游泳，只有多练习才能练好。
总之，平时学习语言素材积累多了，体裁格式记住了又经常练习不断提高，到作文下笔
时就会得心应手，水到渠成。
4. 初二秋季学期英语阅读理解题及答案
初二秋季学期英语阅读理解题及答案
新学期开学，老师们总要把上学期英语试题讲解一遍，下面是我整理的.初二秋季学期英语试题，希望能帮到大家!
(一) 根据短文内容，判断下列句子正误。正确的用“A”表示，不正确的用“B”表示。
A
The winter holiday is coming. What are the students going to do ring the winter holiday? We did a survey and this is what we learned. All students like the winter holiday because there is an important festival—the Spring Festival. Most students say they are going to finish their homework first. After finishing homework they can have a good time. During the Spring Festival, they are going to visit their friends and relatives(亲戚). They’re going to buy some new clothes and good food. Most students are going to watch TV with their families. Some are going to play computer games with their friends. Li Lei is going to travel with his parents. They are going to Hainan Island because it’s warm in winter. Huang Jing is going to the countryside to see her grandparents with her parents. Yang Fan is going to take guitar lessons. He loves to play the guitar. Lin Juan is going to play ping-pong every day in the winter holiday. She wants to have a healthy body. I hope all of them can enjoy themselves ring the holiday.
21. There is an important festival ring the winter holid ay.
22. Most students are going to visit their friends first ring the winter holiday.
23. Most students are going to watch TV with their friends.
24. Li Lei is going to Hainan Island with his parents because it’s warm in winter.
25. Lin Juan loves to play the guitar and ping-pong.
(二)根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
B
Shopping online is one of the most important part of our life now. Taobao is China’s largest online shopping website(购物网站). People spend lots of money on Taobao every year.
Now more and more Internet users have enjoyed online shopping. Most online shoppers are students or young workers. More women shop online than men. Clothing and home-use things are the most popular online. It’s said that people spent more than 250 billion(十亿) yuan on online shopping last year, 80% through Taobao. People can find almost everything they need on Taobao, from clothes to books, DVD players and so on.
Shopping online is very safe and convenient(方便的), too. You can finish it without l eaving home. If you receive the procts (产品) from the sellers, but you aren’t happy with them, the shop keeper will not get the money. You can also get the money back if you want to return (退还) them.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
26. What are the most popular online?
A. Candies and DVD players. B. Treasure procts.
C. Clothing and home-use things. D. C lothes and books.
27. Taobao is_________.
A. a shopping mall B. an online shopping website
C. an online shopper D. China’s largest website
28.What does the writer think of shopping online?
A. It’s cheap. B. It’s expensive.
C. It’s dangerous. D. It’s safe and convenient.
29. In the last paragraph, the underlined word them refers to (所指) _________.
A. the procts B. the shop owners C. the sellers D. the online shops
30. Which is the best title of the passage?
A. More women shop online than men. B. Online shopping in China.
C. Shopping online is very not safe. D. China’s online shopper.
C
The sun is huge, hot and bright(明亮度). It is important because nothing can live without it. The sun gives us light(光) and heat.
All living things need light and heat from the sun to live. Plants need light and heat to grow. They use the light from the sun to make food. We can not make our own food, but plants can. All the food we eat comes from plants in a food chain(链) and it starts with the sun. For exa mple, animals need sun-light, too. Just like us, their food co mes from a food chain. The food chain begins with the sun and the plants.
Sunlight means we can see ring the day. If there was no sun, it would be dark all the time. Even when the sky is cloudy, the sunlight is very strong and it shines(照耀) through the clouds.
31. Which is the best title(题目) of this passage?
A. Plants B. A Food chain C. Living Things D. The Sun
32. What are the two main things the sun gives us?
A. Light and heat B. Heat and eggs C. Corn and light D. Wheat and bread
33. Why can we still see ring the day when it is cloudy?
A. Because we can see all day and all night.
B. Because the sun can’t give us light all day long.
C. Because the sun light can shine through the clouds.
D. Because we can’t see at night.
34. All the food we eat comes from ________. And it starts with the ________.
A. plants; earth(地球) B. a food chain; sun C. food; sun D. plants; star(星)
35. _______ can live without the sun.
A. Men B. Potatoes C. Wheat D. Nothing
参考答案：21-25 ABBAB 26-30. CBDAB 31-35. DACBD
;5. 八年级英语阅读理解及答案
八年级英语阅读理解及答案
英语的'阅读内容涉及的范围较广，有关于历史的也有关现实生活的，有故事性的文章，也有经济、科技、军事等方面的文章。下面是我分享的八年级(初二)的英语阅读理解题，希望能帮到大家!
初二英语阅读理解【1】
The best way of learning a language is using it. The best way of learning English is talking in English as much as possible. Sometimes you’ll get your words mixed up(混合) and people won’t understand you. Sometimes people will say things too quickly and you couldn’t understand them. But if you sense of humor (幽默感), you can always have a good laugh at the mistakes. It’s better for people to laugh at your mistakes than to be angry with you, because they don’t understand what you are saying. The most important thing for learning English is :” Don’t be afraid of making mistakes because everyone makes mistakes.”
( )1. The writer thinks that the best way for you to learn a language is _____
A. writing it B. using it C. listening D. learning grammar
( )2. What should you do in learning English?
A. Be careful not to make any mistakes B. Write as quickly as you can
C. Speak English as much as you can D. Laugh more often
( )3. When people laugh at your mistakes, you should _____
A. not care B. be happy C. feel worried D. be unhappy
( )4. When you make s mistake, you should ______
A. keep quiet B. get angry C. be kind D. keep your sense of humor
( )5. The story tells us :“______”.
Only foolish(愚蠢) people make mistakes
Few people make mistakes C.People never make mistakes
D.There is no one who doesn’t make mistakes
答案： B.C.A.D.D
初二英语阅读理解【2】
Look at the light and beautiful snowflakes(雪花)falling.Ever wanted to hold them in your hands?They are always lost when they meet your hands.
Well,this isn’t just a problem for you.It was a problem for Wilson Bentley,too.In the 1870s,Wilson Bentley was just a teenager.His family lived in a small town in northeast America.Winters there were long and hard.Bentley’s mother was once a school teacher. She taught him at home. Bentley didn’t go to school until he was
14. He was a quiet boy, and loved reading his mother’s books.But it was his mother’s microscope (显微镜) that interested him. When the other boys were playing with balls, little Bentley was studying things like drops of water, flowers and snowflakes. Bentley loved watching snowflakes. For the next two years young Bentley spent many winter days in a cold room watching these ice crystals (晶体) under his microscope.The boy thought they were so beautiful that he started to draw pictures of them. But there were so many snowflakes that he couldn’t draw them all. How could he keep their beauty forever? Bentley thought of buying a camera.
The boy and his mother asked his father to buy one. But, his father didn’t agree. He thought the whole thing was a bad idea. He thought the only thing a farmer should do was farming.
But finally Bentley did get a camera. For more than a year he tried to take pictures of snowflakes. On January 15, 1885, ring a snowstorm, Bentley took the first ever photo of an ice crystal with his camera. “It was the greatest moment of my life,” Bentley said later.
For 13 years, Bentley worked quietly and took thousands of photos of ice crystals. Later he became known as “Snowflake” Bentley.
根据短文，选择最佳答案：
( )1. The best title for this passage is ____.
A. Snowflake Photos B. Snowflake Boy
C. Long and Hard Winters D. Teenage Photographer
( )2. We can tell from the story that Bentley’s father was ____.
A. a farmer B. a funny man C. an athletic man D. a school teacher
( )3. Which of the following statements about Bentley is true?
A. He didn’t get any kind of ecation as a child.
B. He was born into a rich family.
C. He was the first person to take photos of snowflakes.
D. He was fascinated by the beauty of snowflakes.
( )4. What kind of person do you think Bentley was?
A. He was outgoing. B. He was too serious.
C. He was interested in learning. D. He was very warm-hearted.
( )5. The “ice crystals” in the third paragraph refers to “____”.
A. water drops B. rain drops C. flowers D. snowflakes
答案 ：B A C C D
初二英语阅读理解【3】
The sun is always shining. But it can only shine on one side of the earth at one time. When the sun is shining on one side of the earth, it is night on the other side.
At night, you can see the stars(星星). The stars are in the sky all day. But the light from the sun is so bright that you can’t see them. When night come, there is no light, and the stars are bright enough to see. The stars look very small. But some of them are even bigger than the sun. They look small because they are so far away from you. Big things look much smaller when they are far away. The sun is closer(近)to the earth than other stars, so it looks bigger.
( )1.When it is night, the sun ________ .
A. doesn’t shine B. shines for a short time
C. disappears(消失) D. shines on the other side of the earth
( )2.We can’t see the stars in the sky at daytime(白天)because ________ .
A. there are no stars there
B. the stars are much smaller than the sun
C. the bright light from the sun makes them not seen(被看见)
D. the stars come out only at night
( )3.The stars look small because ________ .
A. they are far away B. they are small
C. they have no light D. they are in the sky
( )4.Small things may look ________ when they are close.
A. bigger B. small C. near D. far away
( )5.The sun looks bigger than other stars because ________ .
A. it’s bigger B. it’s far away in the sky
C. it gives much bright light D. it’s closer to the earth than other stars
答案： D.C.A.A.D
;
6. 英语阅读理解
英语阅读理解
关于英语阅读理解的学习方式，其实就是做专题练习，只有练多了才会熟悉解题思路，下面是我为大家提供的初二和高中的一些英语阅读理解题和答案，有兴趣的朋友可以参考一下!
【初二英语阅读理解】
第一篇：出租车司机
My friend is a taxi drives. He has been a taxi driver for ten years. It’s a nice job most of the time. He can meet a lot of people. He always works at night because there is too much traffic ring the day. He usually goes home between two o’clock in the morning. There are some very strange things, which often happen at night. One day my friend was taking a woman back home from a party at three o’clock in the morning. She had her little dog with her. When they got to her house, she found she had lost her key. So my friend waited in the car with the dog while she climbed in through the window. My friend waited and waited. After half an hour of honking he decided to find out what was going on. He tied the dog to a tree and started to climb in through the window.
At that moment some policemen came. They thought my friend was a thief. Luckily, the woman came downstairs. She must have gone to sleep and forgotten about my friend and the dog.
16. The driver always works at night because it is easier to .
A. drive B. climb in through window
C. make money D. meet a lot of people
17. The woman climbed in through the window because .
A. she wanted to have a sleep B. her husband didn’t open the door for her
C. she didn’t want to pay the money D. she couldn’t find her key
18. The story happened .
A. early in the morning B. late at night
C. outside the city D. near the bus station
19. Which of the following is not true?
A. The driver worked until 2 or 3 o’clock in the morning.
B. The policemen made a mistake. C. The woman had no money to pay.
D. The woman had forgotten about the driver and the dog.
20. The driver climbed in through the window to .
A. get money from the woman B. phone the police
C. return the dog to the woman D. see what happened in the house
第二篇：足球运动
Mr. King is a tall and strong man. He teaches P. E. in a middle school. He wears a long beard(胡子) and takes good care of it.
It was Sunday yesterday. There was a big football match of the year on the playground in the centre of the city. Mr. King likes the game very much and of course he was going to watch it. With his friends’ help he got a ticket a few days ago. After breakfast he hurried to the bus stop, but a lot of people were waiting there. A bus came and he hardly got on. There were plenty of people in it and it was difficult for them to put their feet. He had to grip(抓住)the back of a chair. At the next stop a boy got on the bus. He looked around and saw Mr. King’s beard and grip it. The man found it at once and called out, “Let go of(松开)my beard, boy!”
“Are you going to get off, sir?” asked to boy.
11. Mr. King is a .
A. player B. runner C. teacher D. driver
12. Mr. King was going to watch the match because .
A. he teaches P. E. in a middle school B. he likes football very much
C. he had already got a ticket D. he didn’t go to work yesterday
13. It was difficult for Mr. King to stand because .
A. he had drunk too much B. the bus was too small
C. he got on the bus too late D. it was very crowded in the bus
14. The boy gripped Mr. King’s beard because .
A. he was afraid to fall again B. he wanted to make the man angry
C. he hoped the man to find a seat for him D. he hoped the man to get off soon
15. Mr. King was afraid , so he shouted at him.
A. the boy would pull him down B. the boy would hurt his beard
C. the boy could be hurt again D. the boy would borrow his ticket
【高中英语阅读理解】
Passage 1：president
There are stories about two U.S . presidents，Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren，which attempt to explain the American English term OK.We don‟t know if either story is true，but they are both interesting. The first explanation is based on the fact that President Jackson had very little ecation.In fact，he had difficulty reading and writing.When important papers came to Jackson，he tried to read them and then had his assistants explain what they said.If he approved of a paper.he would write“all correct”on it.The problem was that he didn‟t know how to spell.So what he really wrote was“ol korekt”.After a while，he shortened that term to“OK”.
The second explanation is based on the place where President Van Buren was born，Kinderhook，New York.Van Bnren‟s friends organized a club to help him become President They caned the club the Old Kinderhook Club，and anyone who supported Van Buren was called“OK”.
31.The author
A. believes both of the stories
B.doesn‟t believe a word of the stories
C is not sure whether the stories are true
D. is telling the stories just for fun
32. According to the passage，President Jackson
A.couldn‟t draw up any documents at all
B. didn‟t like to read important papers by himself
C.often had his assistants sign documents for him
D .wasn‟t good at reading，writing or spelling
33.According to the first story, the term “OK”
A. was approved of by President Jackson
B.was the title of some Official documents
C.was first used by President Jackson
D.was an old way to spell“all correct’’
34 .According to the second story，the term‘‘OK”
A.was the short way to say‘‘old Kinderhook Club”
B.meant the place where President Van Buren was born
C.was the name of Van Buren‟s club
D.was used to call Van Buren‟s supporters in the election
35.According to the second story.the term“OK”was first used
A.by Van Buren
B.in a presidential election
C.to organize the Old Kinderhook Club
D.by the members of the‘‘Old Kinderhook Club”
Passage 2：land proces
Although the United States covers so much land and the land proces far more food than the present population needs，its people are by now almost entirely an urban society Less than a tenth of the people are engaged in agriculture and forestry(林业)，and most of the rest live in or around towns，small and large.Here the traditional picture is changing：every small town may still be very like other small towns，and the typical small town may represent a widely accepted view of the country，but most Americans do not live in small towns any more.Half the population now lives in some thirty metropolitan areas(1arge cities with their suburbs、of more than a million people each—a larger proportion than in Germany or England，let alone France.The statistics(统计)of urban and rural population should be treated with caution because so many people who live in areas classified as rural travel by car to work in a nearby town each day.As the rush to live out of town continues.rural areas within reach of towns are graally filled with houses，so that it is hard to say at what moment a piece of country becomes a suburb But more and more the typical American lives in a metropolitan rather than a small town environment.
36.If now America has 250 million people.how many of them are engaged in agriculture and forestry?
A.About 25 million.
B.More than 25 million.
C.Less than 25 million.
D. Less than 225 million
37.Which of the following four countries has the smallest proportion of people living in metropolitan areas?
A.United States.
B.Germany.
C.France.
D.England.
38.What’s the meaning of the word“metropolitan”in the middle of the passage?
A .Of a large city with its suburbs.
B.Of small and large towns.
C.Of urban areas.
D.Of rural areas.
39.According to the passage，what can we learn about small towns in the United States?
A Most small towns become graally crowded
B.Small towns are still similar to each other.
C.As the traditional picture is changing，towns are different.
D .Small towns are turning into large cities
40.Why is it hard to say when a piece of country becomes a suburb?
A.Because they are the same.
B.Because the rush takes place too quickly
C.Because the process is graal.
D.Because more and more Americans live in metropolitan
>>>>>>参考答案<<<<<<
【初二英语阅读理解】
第一篇答案：ADADB
第二篇答案：ADACD
【高中英语阅读理解】
Passage 1
答案：CDCDB
这里要讲述Andrew Jackson 和Martin Van Buren这2届美国总统的小故事。这2个小故事也许可以解释美语中OK一词的来历。故事的真实性我们不得而知，不过内容却很有意思。
第一个解释来源于总统Andrew Jackson的故事。Andrew Jackson几乎没有受到过什么教育，事实上，他对于日常的读写都有困难。当收到重要文件的时候，在尝试阅读之后，还是让他的助手帮忙解释文件的内容。如果批准一份文件，Andrew Jackson就在上面写“all correct”。麻烦的是，他不知道怎么这2个单词怎么拼写，因此，实际上他在文件上写的是“ol korekt”。过了不久，他又把这2个单词缩写为“OK”。
第二个解释来源于总统Martin Van Buren的家乡的名字——纽约的Kinderhook。为了帮助Van Buren成为总统，他的朋友为此组织了一个社团。他们把这个社团叫做Old Kinderhook Club，社团中支持Van Buren的人都被称为“OK”
Passage 2
答案：CCABC
尽管美国幅员辽阔，而且土地所产出的粮食远远超过现有人口的需求，现今的美国却几乎完全是个都市化的国家。不足十分之一的人口在从事农业和林业，而剩余的大多数人都居住在大大小小的城镇中或者城镇的周围。传统的'景象在这里不断发生着变化：小的城镇之间仍然彼此十分相似，典型的小城镇还是呈现出大家心目中的乡村的风貌;但是大部分的美国人却不再住在小城镇了。现在半数的人口都在大约30几个大都市地区(包括附近郊区的大型城市)——这种大都市地区的人口都在百万以上，总的都市人口数量远远超过德国和英国，更不用说法国了。城市和乡村的人口统计需要特别对待，因为我们所谓的住在乡村的人们，每天都会开车前往附近的城镇工作。当远离城镇居住的热潮持续的情况下，城镇周围的乡村地区逐渐盖满了房屋。那么说不定什么时候，一块乡村的地区就变成了城市的郊区。不过，典型的美国人还是越来越趋向于居住在大都市而不是小城镇的环境中。
;7. 中考英语阅读理解体裁
阅读理解在英语考试里所占的分值比较大，但是却有存在较大的难度。下面，针对中考，我们来看看中考的英语阅读理解题材都有哪些，为中考加油。
阅读理解题对学生提出了较高的能力要求，主要是考查学生通过阅读获取信息、分析信息和处理信息的能力，既要抓住文章的主旨，又要抓住细节;既要理解具体事实，又要理解抽象概念;既要理解文章字面意思，又要挖掘作者意图，揣摩隐藏在字里行间的内涵既要理解全篇的逻辑关系又要理解某些细节的意思，并且在读懂句子和文章的基础上，将所读文章进行判断、分析和推理。概括的说就是这类题注重考查阅读技能，包括理解短文大意、了解具体细节、通过上下文猜测词义、归纳篇章大意，以及推断或理解作者的态度和意图等。考生不仅要具有准确获得信息的能力，还要具有透过文章表层意思理解文章隐含意义的能力。这样才能抓住中心思想，作出正确的判断。试题涉及掌握语篇主旨，事实细节、深层含义、推理判断、猜测词义等多方面的阅读能力考查。设题通常考虑以下四个方面。
1. 直观性问题 。直接引用原文中的语句或根据短文中原语句稍加改动而编成。
2. 常识性问题。 考查学生依据短文信息，并根据自己所具备的一般常识作出判断的题型.
3. 理解性问题。 考查学生对文章的中心思想，某段的段落大意，某一事实的细节及作者意图等的理解程度。
4. 推理性问题。 这类题需在深刻理解短文后，再经过推理判断才能选出正确答案。
阅读是一个复杂的心理过程，语言学家古德曼(Groodman)认为，阅读就是读者通过其心理和语言活动理解来接受作者的思想和观点。如果学生能读懂一篇文章，则表明作者写作时的思维过程与该生在阅读时的思维活动趋于吻合，这就是说学生的阅读理解必须实于原文，不可脱离文章凭空想象。
对学生进行阅读技巧训练还应该从文体角度来训练，因为一篇文章的设题是受其文体限制的。下面我们分析几个不同体裁文章的特点，供大家参考。
a. 故事类。
初中生接触到的阅读材料大都是故事类。阅读故事类的材料，应该抓住人物线索、地点线索、时间线索和情节发展线索。特别注意的是，以上线索往往是并存的。因为情节的发展总是涉及到人物的变化、时间的推移、场景的变换等。而阅读材料后的阅读理解题往往会围绕这些内容设计一些事实类的理解题。凡事实类的理解题都可以从阅读材料的表层文字中找到答案。在阅读故事类短文时，应指导学生理解文章的深层含义，也就是它的主题。在此需要注意的'是，现在的阅读理解题在测试事实类的理解题的同时，往往有一道推理类理解测试题.
b.科普类。
这里所指的科普类是广义的。它包含有介绍科学知识、社会知识的短文。阅读这类短文时，要以事实为中心进行思考，抓住事物的特征、用途、相互关系等.如果是介绍社会现象的文章，要掌握所谈现象的内涵。
c.图表类。
这类短文是通过看图或表格等来了解某方面的情况。指导学生阅读这类材料时，主要从两方面入手;一是了解图表的主题，确定图表的主要内容，二是推敲图画语盲或数字，找出它们之间的关联或试图表达的含义。
d.新闻类。
报刊阅读应逐步成为中学生阅读的一个重要内容。由于新闻报道强调遵循 5 个 w 和 1 个 H，所以，我们在阅读时也要抓住这一点去理解把握。
8. 初二英语图表阅读的材料
我大体说下图表来的内源容
这是一篇英语的中考阅读
是图表类型的
其内容是题目：HOUSE RULES
里面有一个主人的对他人的一些要求
有11点前睡觉
不能在室内吸烟
只能用他的手机接电话，不能打电话
我的问题是那片阅读是为谁写的
A清洁工B居住的人 谢谢啊，请帮我找到这篇图表!!
9. 读写作文英语有文字图表
1. 帮我写一篇英语作文,要求按照图片的文字,
I Learn English Like This
我是这样学习英语的
We know it is difficult to learn English.My English is very good. I learn English like this.
我们知道英语学起来很困难。我的英语不错，我是这样学英语的：
I Listen to the teacher carefully and write the important points down on my notebooks.After class I revise the lessons.Before class I prepare new lessons to find out the questions. Then I will listen carefully in class.
上课认真听讲，把重点内容都记在笔记本上。课下复习这些功课。课前预习新功课，找出问题，然后在课上认真听。
I also listen to the tape, and speak English with my clas *** ates in the classroom and on the playground. It's to improve my listening and speaking.
我也听磁带，并且在教室里、操场上和同学讲英语，这样提高了我的听力和口语。
I keep a diary every day to practise my written English.
我每天坚持记日记以练习我的写作。
Besides this, I often read English newspapers and magazines to enrich my knowledge on English culture.
除此之外，我经常阅读英语报纸和杂志，以扩大我的英语文化知识。
We will learn English well so long as we learn it hard.
只要我们用心去学，我们会学好英语的。
I Learn English Like This
我是这样学习英语的
English is very important for us. Everyone wants to learn it well.My English is very good. How do I learn English?
英语对我们来说很重要，每个人都想学好英语。我的英语很好，那我是怎么学英语的呢？
First, I listen to the teacher and make notes carefully in class. I revise my old lessons and prepare my new lessons after class.
首先，我上课认真听老师讲课，认真记笔记，课下我复习旧功课，预习新功课。
Second, I like speaking English with my clas *** ates, not only in classroom, but also on the playground. It's to improve my spoken English.
第二，我不仅在教室里，在操场上也一样喜欢和同学们说英语，这提高了我的口语。
Third, I keep a diary every day to practise my written English.
第三，我坚持每天记日记来练习写作。
Besides this, I often read English newspapers or magazines in order to enrich my knowledge on English culture.
除此之外，我经常阅读英语报纸和杂志来丰富我的文化知识。
2. 英语图表作文模板
常用模板：
I.
In recent years，_____图表所反映的现象 ，which can be clearly observed from thediagram.____用图表中的数据说明这一现象。
Several reasons contribute to/several factors result in thisphenomenon.Firstly_________,Secondly_______,Thirdly_____.
All in all， 总结 。
练习：根据图表，简要描述某城市每一百个家庭电脑用户增长情况，并试分析原因。
II.
___本文所讨论的问题 happens every day around us.From the barchart,we can see there are mainly three causes for—____本文所讨论的问题 。While____%_________________,another___%_____________,___%____________.
Actually,the problem can be prevented if we take necessarymeasures.First of all,_________________,then,_________,
Thirdly,___________.
With the above efforts,we can rece the problem largely.
III.
In recent years，____图表所反映的趋势或现象 ， whichcan be read from the above diagram.___此趋势或现象在图表中的具体体现。
With the reference to thephenomenon,I think,reasonal as it seems，___本文图表所反映的现象___is not preferable.To starith,_______________.Secondly___________.Besides,_________.
So it is high time_______.
3. 一篇图表英语作文应该怎样引题
图表作为书面表达的一种信息提示方式，显得简洁明了，正被越来越多的各级各类英语考试所采用。
但是，在阅卷中，我们发现情况并不理想，问题主要集中在三个方面：首先，书面表达能力弱，不能用英语描述图表的数据及其变化；其次，读不懂图表，不能从图表中提取有效信息；最后，不能有效地分析数据，得出相关的结论和提出合理的建议。[转载]如何写好英语图表作文？在表达方式上，图表类作文有别于其他类型，它要频繁描述具体数据、进行数据比较，并说明数据变化。
教师有必要归纳于数据有关的一些词语和句型，进行集中教学。掌握这些的数据表达方式是写好这类作文的前提。
常见的表达有：1、熟悉四类图表的英文名称：表格（table）、条形图（bar chart）、曲线图（graph）和饼形分析图（pie chart）。此外，“如图所示”是写这类作文中的一个常用短语，它的表达方式有以下几种：⑴As the chart shows， … ⑵According to the chart， … ⑶As is seen from the chart， … ⑷As we can see from the chart， …2、在表达时，可以对具体的数据进行一些处理，用另外一种表达方式来代替，避免一篇小短文中出现过多的数据或者相同的句型结构，如：一次有关阅读兴趣调查结果是：50%的学生喜欢新闻；25%的学生喜欢故事；14%的学生喜欢幽默；11%的学生喜欢推理小说。
（Half of the students love news. A quarter of them are fond of stories. 14% enjoy humor. The rest prefer to read mystery books.）3、“…的数目或数量”的表达方式有两种：可数名次用the number of …；不可数名次用the amount of …。数量的多和少不能说成many和few，而用large和 *** all.⑴The number of the students is large.（学生的人数很多。）
⑵The amount of food is very *** all.（食物的数量很少。）4、用以描述数据上升、下降或保持不变的表达方式有：⑴rise/increase/go up/jump to/grow（上升）；⑵decrease/fall/go down/drop（下降）；⑶rise sharply/rapidly（急剧上升） ⑷fall slowly/graally（缓慢/逐渐下降）；⑸The price has grown by 3%.（价格已经上升了3%） ⑹The number of visitors has risen from 100 to 500.（访客的人数从100上升至200了。）
⑺Over the years, the ine of the family has remained the same.（近几年这个家庭的收入保持不变。）5、“数量总计达到…”的表达方法有以下三种：⑴The bill es to $25.（账单总共25英镑） ⑵These numbers add up to 100. （这些数目合计为100。）
⑶All the expenses amount to 11,000 yuan.（所有的开支总共达到11,000元。）6、有关数据比较的表达方式有：⑴Compared with…（与…相比）；⑵He is 2 centimeters taller than I.（他比我要高2厘米。）
⑶The room is ice the size of that one.（这个房间的面积是那个的两倍。） ⑷Now the total number of Chinese Christians is 14 times as many as in 1949.（现在中国的基督教徒总人数是1949年的14倍。）
⑸The number of students who enjoy reading English news doubles that of those who prefer reading stories.（喜欢读英语新闻的学生人数是喜欢阅读故事的学生人数的两倍。）7、图表常用经典句子： 开头：1. As can be seen from the chart/graph/table。
2. It can be seen from the statistics that。3. As revealed/shown/stated/noted in the picture。
4. The chart gives information that。 描述：1. There was a rise/increase/upward trend from。
to。2. It has risen to an average of。
3. There was a fall/decrease/rection/decline/drop/downward trend from。to。
4. It has fallen/dropped/declined to。 结论：1. From the *** yses above,we can draw the conclusion that。
2. From the data we gatherde from the above graph,we can conclude that。3. According to the information gathered above,we may reach the conclusion that。
4. According to what has been discussed above,we can arrive at the conclusion that。5. The graph reflects that。
8、图表作文的框架 As is shown by the figure in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart)， ___作文题目的议题_____ has been steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.（结论） There are at least o good reasons (accounting) for ______. On the one hand, ________. On the other hand, _______ is e to the fact that ________. In addition, ________ is responsible for _______. Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are monly convincing. As far as I am concerned, I hold the view that _______. 。
原因 【样题】：（苏州市2010届高三调研测试（一）书面表达） 2010年央视春晚的广告收入创新高，但节目中的植入广告引发了热议。
最近，某网站举行了一次题为“对今晚春晚植入广告的态度”的调查。请根据以下饼图所示信息，用英语写一篇短文，并提出你的自己的看法。
[转载]如何写好英语图表作文？ The 2010 。
4. 我需要写一篇描述图表和数据的英语作文,求一些常用的单词短语和句
一、图表类作文常用的单词、短语和句型 1. 表示数据变化的单词或短语 in the case of （在……的情况下） in terms of （在……方面） increase / raise / rise / go up（增加） decrease / grow down / drop / fall （减少） increased by （增长了） increased to （增长到） the number sharply goes up to（数字急剧上升至） significant（重大的），steady（平稳的），graal（逐渐的），slow（慢慢的），stable（稳定的），rapid（快速的）…… 2. 表示从图表得知的信息的句型 The table / chart / graph shows that。
（这个图表告诉我们……） According to the table / chart /graph, we can see that。（根据图表，我们可以看出……） It can be concluded from the graph that。
（从图表中可以得出……） The table shows the changes in the number of。over the period from。
to。（该表格描述了在……期间……数量的变化） 二、图表类作文的模式 图表类作文中的图表主要有以下形式：柱形图类（chart）、圆饼图类 （pie chart）、曲线图类（line chart）、表格类（table）。
写文章时，首先要对图表加以描述，而后引出主题加以讨论，最后得出结论，也就是按照描述图表—解释原因—下结论的步骤来写。切忌对图表不作交代就直接谈论主题。
1. 表格类作文的模式 表格类作文一般可以分为三段：第一段对表格中的数据进行描述，只要抓住变化规律即可，切忌一一列举数据；第二段说明变化的原因；第三段得出结论。即： （1） Studying the table carefully, we can see。
（仔细研读表格，我们可以看出……） （2） In my opinion, the reasons why。are as follows. Firstly。
Secondly。Thirdly。
（在我看来，为什么……的原因在于以下几点：第一……第二……第三……） （3） To sum up。（总而言之……）。
5. 如何写图表、图示、图画式英语作文
图表作文可细分为表格、曲线图、柱形 图和圆形图。其写作指导中只是对短文提出二至三项要求，而这些要求则类似提纲，因此这类作文往往可以按照所给要求自然分段。
图表作文给出不同形式的图表或图画，且图表又多配有数据或说明。写此类作文时，首先要以题目中的要求（requirements）为指导，审慎解读图表，准确把握图表传递的信息，将其扩展成文。
Never do things by halves.
做事不可半途而废。
前面我们已经提过图表作文可细分为表格、曲线图、柱形图和圆形图。弄懂这四种图在写作方面的各自特点，我们才可以写好这种类型的作文：
1） 表格形式要求考生对表格中所给出的大量数字进行比较分析，从中找出其变化规律。
2） 曲线图形式要求考生认真观察坐标系所显示的数据信息，并且密切注意交汇在坐标横轴和纵轴上的数字及单位。
6. 英语图表作文怎么写啊
提纲图表式作文属于控制性写作的范畴。
它控制性强，便于评分。考生应仔细分析图表，引证典型数据并按提纲要求进行取材与构思。
例：Title: Changes in people's dietOutline:1. State the changes in people's diet in the past five years. 2. Give possible reasons for the changes. 3. Draw your own conclusions.Study the following table carefully and your position must be based on the information given in the table. You should quote as few figures as possible. YearFood 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001Grain 53% 47% 42.5% 40% 34%Milk 10% 11% 11% 12% 13%Meat 17% 20% 22.5% 23% 26%(Fruit 20% 22% 24% 25% 27%and Vegetables) Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% In the past five years, there have been remarkable changes in people's diet. According to the figures given in the table, grain, which used to be the main food for most of the Chinese people, has now bee less important. By contrast, the consumption of milk and meat has considerably increased, accounting for 13% and 26% of the total respectively in 2001. In the same way, the demand for fruit and vegetables has been on the rise. What caused these changes? I think there are at least o reasons. In the first place, with the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy, great changes have taken place in all the branches of our national economy. The rapid growth in instrial and agricultural proction has inevitably brought about a sharp rise in living standard. People now can afford a diet higher in protein and lower in carbon-hydrates. That is why the consumption of milk and meat has remarkably increased in the city and in the country. Secondly, more attention is now paid to the balanced diet, which is necessary for good health. As a consequence, vegetables and fruit that are rich in vitamins have been in ever-rising demand. In conclusion, with the change in people's diet the consumption of fruit, vegetables, milk and meat will graally increase, while that of grain will continue to decline.。
7. 英语图表类的描述模板
写作模板——图表式作文 It is obvious in the graph/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes. It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years (as X varies). At the point of （接近）X1, Y reaches its peak value of …（多少）. What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are … （多少） reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table. First of all， …（第一个原因）. More importantly， …（第二个原因）. Most important of all， …（第三个原因）. From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future. The trend described in the graph/table will continue for quite a long time (if necessary measures are not taken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势). 图表作文经典句型总结 图表作文要求考生用文字材料把图表中所提供的信息准确、完整地表达出来。
在写作图表作文时，首先要仔细观察并分析图表，以及题中所给出的有关信息，比如，作文标题，英文提纲、英文提示、英语关键词等。在分析图表时，要抓住与主题有关的信息，要发现数据呈现的规律，要充分利用图表中的图形、数据等来说明主题。
但是注意不要过多地引用数据，以免造成滥用数据的后果。另外，在写作图表作文时可以套用一些常用词汇或表达方式，这将有助于你写出较为地道的图表作文。
（1）常用的开篇句型（即概述图表内容时常用的表达法） ① According to the table/pie chart/line graph/bar graph, we can see/conclude that … 根据该表/图，我们可知 …… ② The table/graph reveals (shows/indicates/illustrates/ represents/points out) that … 该表/图表明…… ③As we can see from the table … As can be seen from the line/bar graph … As is shown (illustrated/indicated) in the pie chart … 如表/图所示，……（2） 描述增减变化常用的句型 ① Compared with …… is still increased by … ② The number of … grew/rose from … to … ③ An increase is shown in …； then came a sharp increase of … ④ In … the number remains the same/drops to … ⑤ There was a very slight ( *** all/slow/graal) rise/increase in 1990.⑥ There was a very steady (marked/sharp/rapid/sudden/ dramatic) drop (decrease / decline / fall / rection) in 1998 / pared with that of last year).(3) 对于上升趋势的描述：a. 可以使用的动词或动词词组：to increase to go up to rise to grow to jump to leap to soar to shoot to pick up b. 可以使用的名词：an increase a growth a jump a soar an upward trend(4) 对于上升到某个位置的描述：动词+to the peak of+具体数据。 动词+reaching the peak of +具体数据。
动词+reaching + 具体数据。 to peak at + 具体数据 to climb to + 具体数据（5） 对于上升的程度的描述： 动词+by + 具体数据。
（6） 对于下降趋势的描述：a. 可以使用的动词或动词词组： to fall to decrease to go down to slide to collapse to decline to drop b. 可以使用的名词： a collapse a decrease a fall a decline a drop(7) 对于下降到某个位置的描述： 动词+to+具体数据。 动词+to+the bottom of+具体数据。
动词+reaching the bottom of +具体数据。 动词+reaching + 具体数据。
（8） 对于下降程度的描述： 动词+by + 具体数据。（9） 对于平稳的趋势的描述： 可以使用的动词或动词词组： to hardly change to have little change to keep steady to level off to remain constant to stay the same(10) 表示程度的副词： 1. 程度较大： considerably dramatically greatly markedly obviously quickly rapidly sharply significantly suddenly 2. 程度较小： slightly graally slowly steadily(11) 时间的嵌入 嵌入时间时所使用的介词和介词词组： from……to…… beeen…….and…… ring……and…… at the start of …… by the end of …… over …… at the end of …… throughout ……（12） 上升和下降趋势的组合描述1. 先上升后下降的句型：。
increased slowly ring… and … but fell sharply in … A steady fall in …… ring …… and …… followed the sharp increase in …….2. 先下降后上升的句型：… fell before …… began to make a recovery …… … continue the recovery, climbing to …… … dropped ring …… but increased again in …… … fell and then pick up ring …… … collapsed before rising to ……at the end of ……3. 起伏波动的句型：… fluctuated sharply all through ……4. 波动不大的句型：… hardly changed through the period beeen …and …。
10. 初二英语阅读题，完成表格，谢谢