2007年考研英语阅读译文

Ⅰ 2007考研英语时文阅读(5)

印度向外资有限开放零售市场

India sets out its stall for global retailers

锐步(Reebok)、诺基亚(Nokia)、路易威登(Louis Vuitton)和古姿(Gucci)等全球品牌，将首姿尘次得以在印度拥有并经营自己的店铺，因为共产党支持的印度政府昨晚批准放宽外国直接投资法规。

Global brands such as Reebok, Nokia, Louis Vuitton and Gucci will for the first time be able to own and operate their own stores in India after the country’s communist-backed government last night approved a liberalisation of foreign direct investment rules.

印度政府同意外资在单一品牌零售企业中占据51%的股权，这是一揽子措施中最为引人注目的一点。这些措施旨在表明，印度政府决心启动停滞的经济改革计划。

Consent to permit 51 per cent foreign investment in single brand retail operations was the most striking among a package of measures aimed at signalling the Indian government’s determination to kick-start a stalled programme of economic reforms.

然而，此次政策的有限放松，并没有将印度的零售业全面开放。全球大的一些零售集团一直在私下要求这种全面开放。包括沃尔玛(Wal-Mart)和特易购(Tesco)在内的公司大力游说，试图获准进入印度市场。目前，印度市场上占据支配地位的是900万家“夫妻老婆”店。

However, the limited relaxation fell short of the wholesale opening of India’s retail sector that has been privately demanded by the world's most powerful retail groups. Companies including Wal-Mart and Tesco lobbied hard to be allowed into a market dominated by 9m “mom and pop” corner stores.

尽管如此，在达沃斯世界经济论坛前夕，昨晚的一揽子改革措施将被视为一种强有力的推动。在该论坛上，一个庞大的印度代表团将大力推介印度经济。这个代表团的成员包括印度私企信迹指禅心工业(Reliance Instries)的董事长穆克什·安巴尼(Mukesh Ambani)，以及印度第二大高科技公司信息系统公司(Infosys)的逗轿首席执行官南丹·尼勒卡尼(Nandan Nilekani)。

Last night's package of reforms will nonetheless be seen as a notable boost on the eve of the World Economic Forum at Davos, where a large Indian delegation, including Mukesh Ambani, chairman of Reliance Instries, India’s largest private sector company, and Nandan Nilekani, head of Infosys, the country's second biggest technology company, will be cheerleading for the Indian economy.

“这是15年来外国直接投资首次得到通盘考虑，以消除反常与前后不一致的情况，”印度工商部长卡迈勒·纳特(Kamal Nath)对《金融时报》表示。“各公司将被允许在单一品牌下，出售在世界各地销售的商品。拥有多个品牌的零售商将不会被允许这么做，即便这些品牌商品是同一家公司生产的，”他补充说。

“This is the first time in 15 years that FDI has been reviewed in an integrated manner to remove anomalies and inconsistencies,” Kamal Nath, India's commerce minister, told the Financial Times. “Companies will be allowed to sell goods sold internationally under a single brand. Retailers of multiple brands, even if they are made by the same company, will not be allowed,” he added.

迄今为止，在印度市场，海外零售商只有与本土伙伴进行合作，通过专卖安排才能经营，这与中国形成了对比。中国已向外国投资者开放零售业。【您现在阅读的文章来自“中国学习考试网”，请记住我们的永久域名：www.stu88.com 】

International retailers have until now been able to operate in India only through franchise arrangements with local partners, in contrast to China, which has thrown open its high streets to foreign investors.

目前，印度商务部还未清楚说明，它将如何实施上述谨慎的新政策。尽管印度产业机构进行了许多努力，以维持零售业在尽可能长的时间里不对外国竞争开放，但政府还是出台了这些新政策。

India’s commerce ministry has yet to spell out how it will apply the cautious new policy, which has emerged despite an intense campaign by Indian instrial houses to keep the retail sector closed to foreign competition for as long as possible.

2006年1月26日 星期四

知名企业拟推“红色”品牌 帮助抗击艾滋

Bono sees Red as way to fight Aids scourge

美国运通(American Express)、匡威(Converse)、Gap和乔治·阿玛尼(Giorgio Armani)公司正与摇滚歌星波诺(Bono)联手，创立一个名为“红色”的新品牌，并推出一系列“红色”商品，其部分营收将用于帮助非洲抗击艾滋病。

American Express, Converse, Gap and Giorgio Armani are joining Bono, the rock star, to sell procts under a new brand – “Red” – that would dedicate some of its revenues to the fight against Aids in Africa.

其中，美国运通将推出一种“美国运通红色”(Amex Red)信用卡 ，首发地选在英国。这种信用卡的发行对象是预估数量达150万的“良知消费者”(conscience consumers)，这些人被视为最有可能购买与社会公益相关的产品。

The effort will include the creation of an Amex Red credit card that will be marketed first in the UK, aimed at an estimated 1.5m “conscience consumers” who are seen as more likely to buy procts that are associated with a social benefit.

其它将于今年春季上市的“红色”品牌产品，包括由非洲泥布制作的匡威运动鞋，一系列包括红色和其它颜色的经典风格新款Gap T恤衫，以及带有“红色”压纹标识的面罩型Emporio Armani太阳镜。

Other Red procts to be sold this spring will include Converse sports shoes made with African mud-cloth, a new line of Gap vintage-style T-shirts – in red and other colours – and wraparound Emporio Armani sun glasses embossed with a Red logo.

“红色”品牌的拥有者波诺表示：“‘红色’是一个21世纪的创意。我认为，从事‘红色’事业，做善事，将成为企业的优质业务。”

Bono, the owner of the brand, said: “Red is a 21st century idea. I think doing the Red thing, doing good, will turn out to be good business for them.”

有关各方计划今日在瑞士达沃斯世界经济论坛(World Economic Forum)上公布“红色”项目。此举是那些担心电视广告正在失效的大公司发起的一系列激进营销实验中最新的举措。

The venture, scheled to be announced today at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, is the latest in a series of radical marketing experiments by big companies worried that television advertising is losing its punch.

这些大公司采取这些措施，例如宝洁公司(Procter & Gamble)推出Pampers.com信息网站，很多是利用公益事业来吸引顾客关注，这就是一些人所称的“企业社会机遇”(corporate social opportunity)。

Many of these efforts, such as Procter & Gamble’s Pampers.com information web site, are based on the idea of using good works or services to gain consumer attention – a notion some people are calling “corporate social opportunity”.

“红色”项目的部分收入将捐给全球基金(Global Fund)。后者作为一家政府、民间社会、私营部门和相关社区的合作联盟，自2002年创建起，已向艾滋病、肺结核和疟疾项目提供了45亿美元的资金。“红色”项目的捐赠，将主要针对为妇女和儿童服务的抗艾滋病项目。

The money from Red will go to the Global Fund, a public-private partnership that has committed $4.5bn for Aids, tuberculosis and malaria programmes since it was creating in 2002. The focus of the Red donations will be on Aids programmes for women and children.

美国运通已同意捐出“红色”信用卡交易额的1%。此外，对于年消费额超过5000英镑的帐户，美国运通还将捐出超额部分的1.25%。

Amex has agreed to contribute 1 per cent of Red card transactions, plus 1.25 per cent of any spending above ￡5,000 a year.

以“红色”为品牌，是因为这种颜色代表紧急情况。波诺有一句的歌词：艾滋病不是事业、而是危机。

Red was picked as the brand name because it is the colour of emergencies, echoing Bono’s well-known refrain that Aids is not a cause, but an emergency.

2006年1月27日 星期五

美国拟改革针对外资的审查程序

US plans reform of scrutiny panel to reassure investors

美国政府将在全球范围发起一轮宣传攻势，说服外国投资者相信：美国一直致力于“开放的投资政策”。而仅在数月前，由于美国国会的巨大政治压力，中国石油公司中海油(CNOOC)被迫放弃了对美国能源集团优尼科(Unocal)接近200亿美元的竞购。优尼科总部位于加利福尼亚州。

The US administration is launching an international campaign to persuade foreign investors that it is committed to an “open investment policy”, just months after intense political pressure in Congress forced CNOOC, the Chinese oil company, to abandon its multi-billion dollar bid for California-based Unocal.

美国财政部副部长罗伯特·金米特(Robert Kimmitt)在今日的《金融时报》上撰文称，政府将对美国外国投资委员会(CFIUS)进行改革。这是一个由美国财政部领导的跨部门小组，行事隐秘。它以国家安全为宗旨，对外国收购美国资产的交易进行审核。改革的目的是提高审查过程的确定性和透明度。

Robert Kimmitt, the deputy Treasury secretary, writes in today’s FT that the administration will implement reforms to the Committee on Foreign Investments in the US, the secretive inter-agency panel chaired by the Treasury department that vets foreign takeovers of assets on national security grounds. The reforms are aimed at bringing greater certainty and transparency to the process.

金米特今天还将在达沃斯召开的世界经济论坛(World Economic Forum)上，就这一问题发表讲话。

Mr Kimmitt will also speak on the issue today at the World Economic Forum in Davos.

尽管美国国会压力是迫使中海油放弃竞购优尼科的主要原因，但此次华盛顿的反华风暴，引发了对于美国外国投资委员会角色的新疑问。该委员会有权阻止其认为可能危及国家安全的外国收购。

Although pressure from Congress was largely responsible for forcing CNOOC to withdraw its bid for Unocal, the anti-China storm in Washington prompted new questions about the role of CFIUS, which has the power to block foreign takeovers deemed a risk to US security.

担心中海油的竞标可能招致美国外国投资委员会的审查，是优尼科决定接受美国石油公司雪佛龙(Chevron)出价的重要原因。

Fears that the CNOOC bid would be tied up in the CFIUS review were a significant factor in Unocal’s decision to accept a competing offer from Chevron, the US oil company.

一位美国财政部高级官员表示，行政方面的改革包括：指派更多资深政策人士监督美国外国投资委员会的审核，增强国会对审核过程的了解程度，并要求相关企业在过程早期，与美国外国投资委员会就拟议中的交易进行非正式接触，以便尽早就潜在问题展开讨论。

A senior Treasury official said the administrative changes involve dedicating more senior policy staff to oversee CFIUS reviews, enhancing transparency to Congress about the process, and asking companies to approach CFIUS informally with their proposed deals earlier in the process in order to begin talks about potential issues as soon as possible.

但这些举措似乎无法限制美国外国投资委员会在审查外国收购方面所拥有的广泛权力，而且在某些方面还有可能扩大这种权利。

But the moves do not appear to curb the broad powers that CFIUS has to review foreign takeovers, and may expand them in some ways.

例如，这位官员表示，美国对涉及外国政府补贴贷款的外国交易进行额外审核是合理的。在优尼科之争中，雪佛龙就提出了这个问题，称中海油存在不公平的竞争优势，因为该公司能够获得国家提供的资金。

The official said, for instance, that it was legitimate for the US to subject foreign deals that involve subsidised loans by a foreign state to extra scrutiny. Chevron raised the issue ring the Unocal debate, saying that the CNOOC approach had an unfair advantage because of its access to state financing.

Ⅱ 考研英语阅读，2007年真题，text2，第六句，obvious和suits one怎么解释

it is not obvious that 是个结构，不清楚的是-------后面how是主语从句；
how 从句中，主语是the capacity 谓语就是suits 宾语one
不清楚的是一个人要具备多大的想象力和数模能力才适合回答此类问题。
现在考研需要在短时间确定语义，拘泥于词法的考研英语学习已不再适应新形势。

Ⅲ 2007年考研英语text3里面都有什么从句，能细说一下吗感觉好多翻译不明

首先，复从句只有三种：定语从句，状制语从句，以及名词性从句

其次，就是这句话里面没有什么从句，都是简单句

所以直译就是：在过去一年的许多中，布什总统从事“将社会保障转变为一种储蓄账户模式”的活动，通过“退休人员把他们有保障的退休金（payments）的大部分或者全部交换成依赖投资收益的报酬”这种方式来推动。

做一下意译处理：在过去的大半年中，布什总统积极从事这一项活动：将社会保障转变为一种储蓄账户模式，退休人员把他们大部分或全部的有保证的退休金换成依靠投资收益的报酬。

Ⅳ 考研英语阅读，2007年，text1,第一句，in a wide range of pursuit

in a wide range of pursuits 多种工作（或多种职业）。
pursuit可以翻译为职业。

Ⅳ 新东方2007年考研英语之分析点评：翻译

详解2007考研英语翻译试题

the study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in european universities. however, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraate programs in canadian universities. (46)traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an ecated person.

[参考译文]长期以来，在这些大学里，人们将法律知识学习看作是律师的专属，而不是一个受过教育的人知识储备的必要组成部分。

[句式]这句话句式上不存在难点，只有has been viewed这一处动词，被动语态翻译时，考虑通过添加泛指主语转换为主动语态people have viewed legal learning as the special preserve of lawyers。rather than，是考研中反复多次出现的考点，翻译成“而非，而不是”即可。

[选词]这句话中traditionally, institutions, equipment几个词的翻译很值得玩味。traditionally是“传统地”这个意思，但是直接翻译为“传统地”明显无法与下文衔接，所以，要围绕核心高蠢闭含义根据上下文适当引申，试看：the oil-rich province of kirkuk, which was traditionally kurdish territory基尔库克省盛产石油，长期以来，一直是库族人的领土。所以根据上档肢下文“traditionally”大可译为“长久以来”“长期以来”“在传统意义上”等能够保证上下文衔接，实现译文通顺准确的译法。

such institutions中的institution到底译为“机构/组织”还是“制度”？我们经常说we know a word by the company it keeps, “要知意如何，关键看词伙”。那么这个such institutions到底指什么呢？我们说过，英文代词指代关系是就近指代，因此只要向前循序寻找就不难发现canadian universities即为其指代对象，所以institutions当然应该翻译成戚裂“这些高校/大学/学院”等。

equipment核心含义是“装备”，根据上下文intellectual equipment of an ecated person，稍作引申，“一个受过良好教育的人”具有的当然是“知识储备”。

if the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general ecation, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism ecators. law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. on the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. (47) on the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner// [which is parallel to the links// ].

[参考译文]另一方面，法律以某种方式将这些概念(公正、民主和自由)同日常生活中的现实联系起来，这与记者们每天报道和评论新闻事件时建立的联系相类似。

[句式]这句话又出现了多个动词的复杂句式和定语从句套用的典型翻译考题套路，首先找到五个动词，links, is, forge, cover, comment,其中cover and comment可以看到是并列动词，根据标志词将整个句子做如上切分，得到四个分句。其中it links these concepts是主句，which is parallel to…on the news，是定语从句，在这个大的定语从句中套用了一个小的定语从句journalists forge….on the news,来修饰先行词links,而在这个小定语从句中又套用了as引导的时间状语从句。

本句中的it，需要寻找指代对象，根据“逆向寻找，就近一致”的原则，向前追溯，结果发现前一句的主语也是it,于是继续逆向推进，发现主语为“law”。these concepts没有必要到前文寻找指代对象，但是，如果要找也可以同法处理，发现其指代对象即“justice, democracy and freedom”。

[选词] cover在本句话中考察的是熟词僻意，cover本意是“覆盖”，借用此意到新闻报道中就成了“采访，采写”的意思。

forge本意是“打造，锻造”，根据“forge a link”的搭配，引申为“建立联系”。

on a daily basis的意思是“每天”，比如“15 minutes of laughter on a daily basis is probably good for the vascular system每天大笑15分钟对心脏系统可能大有裨益”。不能死译为“在每天的基础上”。

be parallel to与…相平行，引申为“与…相仿，相若”

[翻译技巧]双定从环换套用，往往采取大定从独立成句，小定从前置的翻译方法。将句子断开后，按段翻译。先将it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner翻译为一个句子“法律以某种方式将这些概念同日常生活中的现实联系起来”。

再翻译小定从部分the links// ，时间状语从句提前，定从前置，“记者们每天报道和评论新闻事件时建立的联系”。

最后大定从独立成句which is parallel to the links [journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news], “这与…的联系相类似”。调整后即得到通顺的翻译。

(48) but the idea [that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen ] //rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the new media.

[参考译文]但是，记者较之普通市民对法律的理解更加深刻这一观点，是建立在理解新闻媒体的既定常规和特殊职责的基础之上的。

[句式]首先找到本句话中的两个动词must understand和rests,并据此将句子一分为二，分析后不难看出括号中的部分作为同位语从句修饰主语idea,而rests为真正的谓语动词。本句出现了两个a of b结构的变体。第一个an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities，按照“a具有动词意味可翻译为ab动宾结构”的原则，将之翻译为“理解既定法规和特殊职责”。第二个a of b结构the established conventions and special responsibilities of the new media则涉及到了a= the a and b的情况，因为两个名词短语公用一个the,所以其实是一个概念，因此the new media前置时，应该放到最前面，翻译为“新闻媒体的既定常规和特殊职责”。

[选词] idea这个常用多义词，根据同位语从句部分的解释，可以翻译为“观点，看法”，但翻译为“理论，主意”就不可接受。convention这个词来源于ven这个词根“走”，con表示“共同”，所以其基本含义为“走到一起来”，因此第一引申含义为“开会，会议”，开会后产生的一定是第二引申含义：“公约”，那么“公约”的特性是什么呢？当然是“常规”，如a matter of convention常规问题; break away from convention打破常规［惯例］等。所谓英文中词义之间的引申和联想就是这样建立的。

(49) in fact, it is difficult ……

[参考译文]事实上，我们很难想象，对加拿大宪法的基本特征不甚了解的记者，如何能胜任政治方面的报道。

[句式]首先，根据is，do not have, can do这三个动词将全句切分为三部分。然后根据连接词who判定方框内部分为定语从句，同时还出现了it is difficult to do sth的句式，it为形式主语，真正的主语是“to see how journalist can do a competent job on political stories”。

a of b结构the basic features of the canadian constitution译为b的a,“加拿大宪法的基本特征”。而另一a of b结构do not have a clear grasp of the basic features，译为ab动宾结构“不能清晰把握基本特征”。

翻译时，遵循语序基本不变的原则，to do作为真正的主语，但不一定非要提前。

(50) while comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, // it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.

[参考译文]尽管律师们的评价和反应可能会增加报道的深度，但是记者们依靠自己的价值标准，做出判断会更加可取。

[句式]这句话是个简单的让步关系的状语从句。while第二次再翻译题目中出现表示让步关系，这种用法还在1999年的考题中出现过while there are as many definitions of history as there are historians，modern practice most closely conforms to one…

[选词]enhance stories是本句话翻译的难点，story不能翻译为“故事”，实际上2001年完形考题中出现的witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court,应该给我们以启发，story不一定要翻译为“故事”，在这个上下文中stories in court是“证人证言”，那么本文中的journalist所关注的当然是“报道”了。而lawyers要enhance story直接翻译为“提高报道”，会令人不知所云，违背了“通顺”原则，因此此处要选择意译。律师们对新闻加以评论，做出反应，当然是“增加报道的深度”，想想《今日说法》请到每期节目的法律专家们，不就是起到这个作用吗？

看完了2007年的题目，我们得到什么启示呢？第一，每年考察的句法，词法考点是固定的。二，翻译这些考点的方法也是固定的。因此，通过真题复习，搞透这些考点，适当运用对症的翻译方法，翻译这块鸡肋要得高分并不是天方夜谭。

Ⅵ 考研英语阅读，2007年text4，第二句画圈部分的earn怎么解释the sort of na

earn这里是一个比较口语化的用法，意思是“使……耗尽精力；使……疲于应付”。

“一个新的问题又开始让这些经理人/管理层疲于应付——尤其是在美国——这类糟糕的头条消息必定会让这些西装革履的家伙们头痛不已——那就是数据安全问题”

Ⅶ 考研英语阅读，2007年，text4，Left什么意思seen as a concern onl

这里的left应该是leave的过去分词，until now只是插进来的，left to才是应该连在一内起的容，left to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, 所以这里的left to你应该知道是什么意思了。
这里的seen也是see的过去分词，而see是看的意思，所以根据文中意思，这里翻译成"被关注"比较贴切，所以这里断句应该是seen/as a concern/only of data-rich instries/such as banking.
所以整个句子的意思大概是：以前这些信息的保密工作一直都是留给(注意：这里的"留给"就是left to)一些没什么水准的员工去处理，而且只被一些涉及大量数据的行业，像银行啊电信啊航空行业这些所关注(它的保密工作←这是我自己加的，便于你理解)。

Ⅷ 考研英语真题2007年Text 3 第二段说的是什么意思

注意：“但”字后面是重点，也就是说:妈妈爸爸都去参加工作的副作用，即家庭内风险加大。
后面有讲述了容以前 是怎么样的——以前是男人工作，如果男人病倒了或失业了，那么女人可以充当后备军，去工作赚钱。
“可是如今”，注意“可是”后面是作者要讲述的重点，现在是2个人赚钱，如果男人和女人同时失业或者别的原因，那么家庭的经济来源就没有了，所以
后面的一句话也是对应了前面的一句话“很少有人能看到这些变化的副作用：家庭风险也由此加大了。”

Ⅸ 05——07年考研英语阅读及译文

回答字数在10000字以内，所以就放了2005年希望对你有用。

2005 Passage 1

Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it all too monkey, as well.

The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food tardily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.

Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan's and Dr. de waal's; study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.

In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers) So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber .Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to rece resentment in a female capuchin.

The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions, in the wild, they are a co-operative, groupliving species, Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone, Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems form the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.

21. In the opening paragraph, the author introces his topic by
[A]. posing a contrast.
[B]. justifying an assumption.
[C]. making a comparison.
[D]. explaining a phenomenon.

22. The statement “it is all too monkey” (Last line, paragraph l) implies that
[A]. monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals.
[B]. resenting unfairness is also monkeys' nature.
[C]. monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other.
[D]. no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions.

23. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are
[A]. more inclined to weigh what they get.
[B]. attentive to researchers' instructions.
[C]. nice in both appearance and temperament.
[D]. more generous than their male companions

24. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys
[A]. prefer grapes to cucumbers.
[B]. can be taught to exchange things.
[C]. will not be co-operative if feeling cheated.
[D]. are unhappy when separated from others.

25. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
[A]. Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.
[B]. Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.
[C]. Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.
[D]. Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.

重点词汇：

assumption  （假定；承担；呈现）是assume的名词形式；见1997年Text 2。.参consumption，2002年Text 3。assumption — the mother of screw-up 臆断——把事情弄糟的根源。underlying assumption 潜在的假定。
grievance /n.委屈冤情不平。申诉人提出不满意见交付仲裁者。悲痛伤心事不幸忧伤。因为有冤情（）而满怀悲痛（）向申诉人申诉。

tardily  adv.缓慢。形容词形式拖拉的。（谐音记忆：他地，工作是他的，所以我可以拖拉）

counterpart （相似或对应的人或物）即counter+part，counter-前缀“对等”，part部分，“对等的部分”。见2000年 Passage 4 。
token  n. 表示, 向征, 记号, 代币 adj. 象征的, 表意的。Tears are queer tokens of happiness. 眼泪是快乐的一种奇怪的表示。
reluctant  （不愿的，勉强的）即re+luct+ant，re-看作“反复”，luct可看作词根lect“选择”，-ant形容词后缀，人们都不愿反反复复地作选择，所以“反复选择”→不愿的。Suggestion systems can work — don't be reluctant to use them.建议制度是有效的——不要不愿使用它们。
indignation  n. 愤慨, 义愤。 记忆：in-dig挖（坑）-nation，挖坑藏在里面的民族，能不愤慨吗？比如老萨，呵呵。形容词形式 indignant  adj. 愤怒的, 愤慨的

难句分析：
①Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.
前一分句是句子的主句，其中使用了短语regard…as…的被动形式；with加名词作状语，即“带有潜在的假定”，其中assumption后接有that引导的同位语从句解释说明假定的内容。
翻译：这种行为被看作是“人之长情”，他潜在的假定就是其他动物不可能有这种高度发达的不公平意识。
②when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.
该句子的主句是their behaviour became markedly different.前面是when引导的时间状语从句，其中包含了so that引导的目的状语从句。
翻译：当两个猴子被安置在隔开但相邻的两个房间里，能够互相看见对方用石头换回来什么东西时，猴子的行为就会变的明显不同。

试题解析：
这篇文章是讲猴子有一种天然的公平意识，文章本身难度不是太大，一开始做了一个类比，讲人的公平意识。然后根据这个类比，文章重点谈猴子们的公平意识。这篇对比性的文章两个方面要理解，第一，人类和猴子之间都有一种近似的表现，当受到不公正待遇的时候，都有义愤填膺的感觉，如果把握这个逻辑，就是类比的逻辑。第二, 最后两段关于选择的实验的对象以及实验的结果。

21题，我们应该选择C，考察第一段的写作手法，明显用的是猴和人之间的相似形的比较关系。
22题答案是B，也是在把猴子和人做类比，指出猴子与人一样都抱怨不公平
23题答案选A，这个是事实细节题，答案是根据文章第三段第一句话得到的，雌性的猴子被选择做研究，是因为她们更加注重她们获得的东西。
24题答案选择C，他们最终的发现是什么，篇章最后两段反复重复，如果没有受到公平的话，
25题选择B.这篇文章第一段和最后一段都出现一个词，"假设"为什么猴和人都有这种心理反应，这个问题没有得以解决。

全文翻译：
人人都喜欢大幅加薪，但是当你知道一个同事薪水加得比你还要多的时候，那么加薪带给你的喜悦感就消失的无影无踪了。如果他还以懒散出名的话，你甚至会变得怒不可遏。这种行为被看作是“人之长情”，其潜在的假定其他动物不可能具有如此高度发达的不公平意识。但是由佐治亚州亚特兰大埃里莫大学的Sarah Brosnan 和Frans de Waal进行的一项研究表明，它也是“猴之常情”。这项研究成果刚刚发表在《自然》杂志上。

研究者们对雌性棕色卷尾猴的行为进行了研究。它们看起来很可爱，性格温顺，合作，乐于分享食物。最重要的是，就象女人们一样，它们往往比雄性更关注“商品和服务”价值。这些特性使它们成为Brosnan 和 de Waal理想的研究对象。研究者们花了两年的时间教这些猴子用代币换取食物。正常情况下，猴子很愿意用几块石头换几片黄瓜。但是，当两个猴子被安置在隔开但相邻的两个房间里，能够互相看见对方用石头换回来什么东西时，猴子的行为就会变的明显不同。

在卷尾猴的世界里，葡萄是奢侈品（比黄瓜受欢迎得多）。所以当一只猴子用一个代币换回一颗葡萄时，第二只猴子就不愿意用自己的代币换回一片黄瓜。如果一只猴子根本无需用代币就能够得到一颗葡萄的话，那么另外一只就会将代币掷向研究人员或者扔出房间外，或者拒绝接受那片黄瓜。事实上，只要在另一房间里出现了葡萄（不管有没有猴子吃它），都足以引起雌卷尾猴的怨恨。

研究人员指出，正如人类一样，卷尾猴也受社会情感的影响。在野外，它们是相互合作的群居动物。只有当每只猴子感到自己没有受到欺骗时，这种合作才可能稳定。不公平而引起的愤怒感似乎不是人类的专利。拒绝接受较少的酬劳可以让这些情绪准确无误地传达给其它成员。但是这种公平感是在卷尾猴和人类身上各自独立演化而成，还是来自三千五百万前他们共同的祖先，这还是一个悬而未决的问题。

2005 Passage 2

Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.
There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel's report “Science never has all the answers .But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that out nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”
Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it's Ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.
Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it's obvious that a majority of the president's advisers still don't take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research-a classic case of “paralysis by analysis”.
To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won't take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures .A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private instry is a promising start Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.
26. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that
[A]. there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death.
[B]. the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant.
[C]. people had the freedom to choose their own way of life.
[D]. antismoking people were usually talking nonsense.
27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as
[A]. a protector.
[B]. a judge.
[C]. a critic.
[D]. a guide.
28. What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis” (Last line, paragraph 4)
[A]. Endless studies kill action.
[B]. Careful investigation reveals truth.
[C]. prudent planning hinders.
[D]. Extensive research helps decision-making.
29. According to the author, what should the Administration do about
[A]. Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.
[B]. Raise public awareness of conservation.
[C]. Press for further scientific research.
[D]. Take some legislative measures.
30. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because
[A]. they both suffered from the government's negligence.
[B]. a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former.
[C]. the outcome of the latter aggravates the former.
[D]. both of them have turned from bad to worse.

重点词汇：
prudent adj. 谨慎的。It's prudent to take a thick coat in cold weather when you go out. 在寒冷的天气下外出时带上件厚外套是谨慎的。名词形式prudence n. 审慎。记忆：rude 粗鲁的，无礼的，p不-rude粗鲁的-ent形容词后缀
paralysis n. 瘫痪, 麻痹。 para-侧面。参见2003年Text 2。
paraphrase  （n.v.释意）即para+phrase，para-前缀表“在旁边、辅助”，phrase即“短语；用短语表达”，故“用短语辅助表达”→释意。以para-为前缀的单词还有paragraph（文章的段、节；短评）←para+graph写；parameter（参数）←para+meter计量；parasite（寄生虫）←para+site地点。
analysis  n. 分析, 分解。记忆：an-a-lysis，后缀同上，分析成一个an,a。联想：反义词synthesis n. 综合, 合成

take the legislative initiative
take the initiative 带头,开始着手 took the initiative in trying to solve the problem.开始着手试图解决这个问题
initiative  n. 主动。 名词形式initiate vt. 开始, 发动, 传授 v. 开始, 发起
legislative  adj. 立法的, 立法机关的 n. 立法机关。参见1999 Passage 4 。legislation  （立法；法规）看作leg+is+lat(e)+ion，leg词根“法律”（参allegation宣称，2003年Text 2），is是，late迟的，-ion名词后缀，“法律是迟的”→旧法律难以适应新事物→所以要不断“立法”→“立法”之产物即“法规”。

难句解析：
①The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made.
主干部分是The latest was a panel，表语panel后接有两个定语成分：from的介词短语和含enlisted的过去分词，即“白宫召集的、来自国家科学院的专家团”，其中第二个定语成分中又包含一个不定式结构，表目的，即“为了告诉我们……而召集的（专家团）”。
翻译：最近的行动是由白宫召集了一批来自国家科学院的专家团，他们告诉我们，地球气候毫无疑问正在变暖，而这个问题主要是人为造成的。
②But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that out nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”
该句子的主干是由and连接的两个并列从句，前一分句的主干是science…provide us with…guide；后一分句的主干是it is critical，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。从句的主干是our nation and the world base…policies on…judgments，judgments后接有两个定语结构，一是that引导的定语从句，一是concerning分词结构。
翻译：但是科学确实为我们的未来提供了最好的指导，关键是我们的国家和整个的世界在做重要决策时，应该以科学能够提供的关于人类现在的行为对未来影响最好的判断作为依据。
③Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it's Ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure。
该句子的主干是voices now come from many quarters；句首Just as结构做比较状语，意为“正如…一样”；insisting 引导的分词结构做定语修饰主语voice，分词结构中含有两个并列的由that引导的宾语从句，第二个宾语从句的真实主语是不定式结构to keep…
翻译：就象吸烟问题一样，来自不同领域的声音坚持认为有关全球变暖的科学资料还不完整。
试题解析：
第二篇文章是一篇一般的时事性文章，这也是一篇类比，考完了以后很多考生说这篇文章讲抽烟，其实不是的，作者讲抽烟是想说明现在的温室效应，也是一种类比，许多人抽烟没有人去管，因为缺乏足够的证据,咱们各国政府也不管温室效应, 也是同样的原因。中心讲的是世界各个政府对温室效应的解决的态度，篇章的关键词围绕这样三个问题展开，第一个就是证据不充足。第二是科学的意义。第三是制定法律，尤其最后三段大量出现立法和法规的现象，
26题选C，
27应该选D，科学应该作为一个指导性，是答案是根据文章第2段的最后两句话。
28题是猜单词题，单词所在的句子的意思是有些人总要科学证据，结果抹杀了行动。所以选A。29答案选择D，采取某种法律措施，法律在最后的段落重复的最多。
30题作者谈的抽烟的教训对我们温室处理也是一样的，选B。
全文翻译：
还记得科学家们认为吸烟会致人死亡，而那些怀疑者们却坚持认为我们无法对此得出定论的时候吗？还记得怀疑者们坚持认为缺乏决定性的证据，科学也不确定的时候吗？还记得怀疑者们坚持认为反对吸烟的游说是为了毁掉我们的生活方式，而政府应该置身事外的时候吗？许多美国人相信了这些胡言乱语，在三十多年中，差不多有一千万烟民早早的进了坟墓。
现在出现了与吸烟类似的令人感到难过的事情。科学家们前仆后继，试图使我们意识到全球气候变暖所带来的日益严重的威胁。最近的行动是由白宫召集了一批来自国家科学院的专家团，他们告诉我们，地球气候毫无疑问正在变暖，而这个问题主要是人为造成的。明确的信息表明是我们应该立刻着手保护自己。国家科学院院长Bruce Alberts在专家团报告的前言中加上了这一重要观点：“科学解答不了所有问题。但是科学确实为我们的未来提供了最好的指导，关键是我们的国家和整个的世界在做重要决策时，应该以科学能够提供的关于人类现在的行为对未来影响最好的判断作为依据。
就象吸烟问题一样，来自不同领域的声音坚持认为有关全球变暖的科学资料还不完整。在我们证实这件事之前可以向大气中不断的排放气体。这是一个危险的游戏；到了有百分之百的证据的时候，可能就太晚了。随着风险越来越明显，并且不断增加，一个谨慎的民族现在应该准备一份保单了。
幸运的是，白宫开始关注这件事了。但是显然大多数总统顾问并没有认真看待全球气候变暖这个问题。他们没有出台行动计划，相反只是继续迫切要求进行更多的研究――这是一个经典的“分析导致麻痹案例”。
为了成为地球上有责任心的一员，我们必须积极

Ⅹ 考研英语阅读，2007年，text4，图里面第一句的mystery怎么翻译come怎么解释整句

mystery字面来翻译是谜，神秘的，这源里可以理解为难以置信的是、令人吃惊的是，come as surprise固定搭配，指令人意外的，大吃一惊的。整句话可以说是：不可思议的是（难以置信的是）这（this做主语）竟让很多BOSS大吃一惊