考研英语阅读伊丽莎白
❶ 写一篇关于英国慈善家伊丽莎白一生成功的英语作文120字
Several general characteristics of Elizabethan literature and writers should be indicated at the outset.
瞎渣The period has the great variety of almost unlimited creative force; it includes works of many kinds in both verse and prose,and ranges in spirit from the loftiest Platonic idealism or the most delightful romance to the level of very repulsive realism.
In style it often exhibits romantic luxuriance,which sometimes takes the form of elaborate affectations of which the favorite 'conceit' is only the most apparent.
It continued to be largely influenced by the literature of Italy,and to a less degree by those of France and Spain.
The literary spirit was all-pervasive,and the authors were men (not yet women) of almost every class,from distinguished courtiers,like Ralegh and Sidney,to the company of hack writers,who starved in garrets and hung about the outskirts of the bustling taverns.
伊丽莎白文学的总体特征可总结为如下几点:
这一时期具有几乎无限的创作磨渗悄力量,作品种类繁多,从柏拉图唯心主义或最令人愉快的浪漫主义到反映丑恶的现实主义.
在风格上往往表现出浪漫的繁茂,有时略显矫揉造作.
它能在很大程度上由意大利文学的影响,并略受法国和西班牙的影响.
文学精神更是无孔不入,男性作者（尚未涉及妇女）,几乎覆喊型盖每一个阶层,从著名廷臣像Ralegh和Sidney,到受雇于出版商的文人,到在阁楼挨饿或是混迹于熙熙攘攘的酒馆的人.
❷ 考研英语翻译解题步骤有哪些
一、断句，关键是在哪个位置断句，这里也给大家准备好了断句的几个标志：
(1)标点符号(2)从属连词(3)并列连词(4)短语。这几个标志使用是有先后顺序的，先标点符号最后再找短语，这样顺序的安排是有原因的，是按照由易到难这样的顺序来安排的。但是需要注意的是在这句话中用标点符号进行断句时第一行Elizabeth Denham前后的两个标点符号是不能用来断句的。为什么呢?其实仔细看会发现这个人名是在一个从句中的，如果把从句给断开我们还能更好地理解这个句子吗?显然不能。所以能用来断句的标点符号这里只有第二行which前的逗号。但前面依然很长，那么我们就要找第二个标志从属连词：that。但是这里面只有一个从属连词that那就是background后面的that，前面的that是指示代词。这样我们就把这句话断成了三部分。
例：It is against that background /that the information commissioner, Elizabeth Denham, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, /which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients.
二、分析每一部分的结构。
第一部分就是一个简单的主谓宾结构，译文为：它正处于这样一个背景。
第二部分是一个that从句，但这里需要注意这是一个同位语从句，而不是定语从句，因为从句里不缺成分，这个同位语从句的作用就是对background的具体内容进行解释说明。而从句里Elizabeth Denham,是同位语解释说明the information commissioner，而 under the NHS是作定语来修饰the Royal Free hospital trust所以这句话的译文应该是：英国信息专员伊丽莎白·德纳姆(Elizabeth Denham)对英国国民医疗服务体系下的皇家自由医院信托基金(Royal Free hospital trust)做出了严厉的判决。还有另外一个结构which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients. 这是一个定语从句用来修饰 Royal Free hospital trust，译文为：该信托基金将160万名患者的病历交给了DeepMind。
译文：它正处于这样一个背景:英国信息专员伊丽莎白·德纳姆(Elizabeth Denham)对英国国民医疗服务体系下的皇家自由医院信托基金(Royal Free hospital trust)做出了严厉的判决,该信托基金将160万名患者的病历交给了DeepMind.
句子结构梳理清楚了之后整个句子理解起来就要容易的多了。所以无论做任何题都必须要掌正确的方法才能保证准确以及高效。最后送给大家一句话：高山可攀，但需努力。
考研英语翻译解题步骤有哪些?小编就说到这里了，更多关于考研报名入口，报名时间，考研成绩查询，报名费用，考研准考证打印入口及时间等问题，小编会及时更新。希望各位考生都能进入自己的理想院校。大家一定要掌握备考技巧。
❸ 南京航空航天大学公共管理专业考研分享
南京航空航天大学公共管理专业考研分享？
我为什么想读研？
❹ thetrueof是唐叔什么题型
根据唐叔在课上讲的方法，英语一的阅读题型一共可以分为六大类型:
一、【中心思想题】
方法:
一）、串线：(通用，适用于所有题型)
各个段落的首末句，if有转折，注意转折处；
二）、中心句
A：注意独具段、出现today、now的句子，时间相反、一切相反，往往是强调的重点；
B：文章的开头，如果是问句，那么作者对他的回答，即为文章主旨；
三）、中心词:文章中反反复复多次提到的高频词以及它的同义替换
四）文艺范(难度指数四颗星)
Notice：时间相反，一切相反；
少数派原则
这些题不是我说的，而是真题确实真么出的，接下来我们来看一下历年真题中出现的(四）文艺范的题型，
eg1: 07年-Text3
35.Which of the following is the best title for this text?
[A]The Middle Class on the Alert
[B]The Middle Class on the Cliff,
[C] The Middle Class in Conflict
[D] The Middle Class in Ruins
eg2: 10年-text1
25. What would be the best title for the text?,
[A] Newspapers of the Good Old Day
[B] The Lost Horizon in Newspapers
[C] Mournful Decline of Journalism
[D] Prominent Critics in Memory
[A]过去美好时光中的报纸
[B]报纸中消失的视角
[C]新闻业令人悲哀的衰退
[D]记忆中的杰出评论家
eg3: 11年-Text2
30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
[A] CEOs: Where to Go?
[B] CEOs: All the Way Up?
[C] Top Managers Jump Without a Net
[D] The Only Way Out for Top Performers
[A]首席执行官:路在何方?
[B]首席执行官:一路高升?
[C]高管冒险跳槽
[D]高级管理人员的唯一出路
18年-Text4
40. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[A] The USPS Starts to Miss its Good Old Days
[B] The Postal Service: Keep Away from My Cheese
[C] The USPS: Chronic lllness Requires a Quick Cure
[D] The Postal Service Needs More than （more than 就传达了一种不满）a Band Aid
[A]美国邮政服务公司开始怀念过去的美好时光
[B]邮政服务公司:离我的奶酪远点儿
[C]美国邮政服务公司:久病还需速效药
[D]邮政服务公司不只需要治标之药(创可贴)
二、作者态度题(难度系数:2颗星)
表达作者观点的地方：
通常情况下：
A、 转折词；（now、today，（while、yet也是转折词）时间相反，一切相反）
B、 adv/adj；eg：regrettably、unfortunately就带有一丝遗憾的味道；
C、 少数派原则； maintain/hold that等词汇
D、 情态动词
E、 文章中反复出现或提到的词；
特殊情况：当作者的态度不明确时：
A：文章的整体框架；
B：adv/adj；
C：转折处； 没有转折，优先考虑相同的逻辑因果关系；逻辑关系相同，优先考虑因果关系
D：情态动词：
E：注意因果关系：先因后果或先果后因
Notice：感情色彩比较丰富的词：
1）、正面：supportive
2）、负面：critical、doubtful、questional
3）、中立：neutral、objective、impartial、disinterest
4）、不可能为答案的词：uninterested、unconcerned、indifferent、confused、puzzled、biased、prejudiced、contemptuous、subjective、tolerance
5）、？、passing fad、unfashionable、instead of一般表示怀疑，即否定
三、细节题（细节一定一定要服从主旨）
方法:
A: 定位好的句子即为答题的关键；
B: 答案一般在长难句处，有时需要结合上下句的逻辑关系；
C: If每一个选项都有提到，则选择最佳的答案；1）、重复提到的选项； 2）、与文章主题相关的选项； 3)、比较得出最佳答案；
D: 绝对化的用词一般不选：never、all、executively；may、some的正确率比较高，但只是比较而已，曾经出现过不是答案的选项；
E: 当文章未出现明确答案，需要总结时：
首先排除错误选项；
然后再根据文章强调的重点选择合适的答案
eg: 15年-text4
36. According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by
[A] the consequences of the current sorting mechanism
[B] companies financial loss e to immoral practices
[C] governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues
[D] the wide misuse（错在滥用一词） of integrity among institutions
[A]目前的分选机制带来的后果
[B]不道德的惯例导致的公司经济损失
[C]政府在道德问题上的无能
[D]机构中对正直的广泛滥用
我们来看一下原文:text4
Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch daughter, Elisabeth, spoke of the unsetling dearth of integrity acrosss so many of our institutions ".(分选机制带来的后果一)Integrity had collapsed, she argued, (后果二)because of a collective acceptance that the only "sorting mechanism " in society should be profit and the market. But "its us,human beings, we the people who create the society we want, not profit."
两年前,鲁伯特.默多克的女儿伊丽莎白曾谈道，“我们的诸多机构中都存在让人不安的诚信缺失”。她认为诚信已经崩溃，因为人们共同接受的是:利益和市场是社会的唯一“分选机制”。但是，“是我们自己，是人类创造了我们想要的社会，而不是利益”。
四、推测题（may 目前还没有失过手）
标志词: infer
方法:
1）、不要去推理
2）、一般some、may为正确选项，尤其是May还没有失过手
3）、选项多为同义改写：1）、对细节进行同义改写；
2）、对主旨的同义改写--反复出现的内容/语气较为缓和的词
3）、逻辑—相反（多在转折处
eg: 15年-Text04
37.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that
[A] Glenn Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime
[B] more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking
[C] Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge
[D] phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions
目前，只要是推测题，正确选项中一般都有may这个词，还没失过手，当然，不敢保证100%不出错，但正确率在95%以上(除了一些有争议的题)
五、猜词题(看逻辑关系，找上下文的同义词或是反义词)
方法:关键是要搞清字汇所在句子的句子内部、上下句之间的逻辑关系，通常，要猜的那个词会在上一句或下一句中有相应的词与之对应；
Notice：
①如果词汇所在句子的句内、句外都有否定词（即双中否定即为肯定），则其表达的是一种肯定的逻辑；
②；和：表示的是句子之间的逻辑相同；
③Then表示的是一种先后的逻辑关系；
4)this/that/such +名词，表示
猜词题考察的单词，大部分学生都不认识，如果考察的词比较简单(比如meet表示满足，而不是遇见)，是我们经常见到的词，记住一定不要选择那个我们通常理解的释义，做这类题，一定要结合上下句/上下段的逻辑关系，看看是转折(however)关系、先后关系(then)、递进关系(more,but,but曾经表示过递进关系，不要看到but就想当然的以为是转折关系)、并列关系(and)等等，然后再选择合适的词，接下来我们来看一道真题:
eg: 16年-Text1
22. The phrase "impinging on (Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to
[ A] indicating the state of 表明...的状态(中性词)
[B] heightening the value of 提高...的价值(美是好的)
[C] losing faith in 对...失去信心(美是不好的)
[D] doing harm to (美是不好的)
定位原文Text1：
Such measures (such+名词，表明measures在上文一定提到过)have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be (否定的逻辑)defined by looks that end up impinging on(这种美对身体好还是不好) health. That is a start， And the ban on ultra- thin models : seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death （饥饿致死，这种美的方式会导致模特因瘦而死，所以说这种美不好）as some have done. It tells the fashion instry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women , especially teenage girls, about the social tape measure they must use to determine their indivial worth.
六、例证题（是一种思维的方式）
标志：example、case、demonstrate、mentioned to、to show、by cited/citing
例子本身不重要，传达的观点最重要；（例子即为对观点的解释说明，当然能看懂例子最好）
例子所传达的的观点有可能在例子的上一句、下一句、例子本身的那句话、甚至可能在例子的上一段或下一段中提到；
【Notice:】重要的事情说三遍
答案是比较出来的，而不是选出来的
答案是比较出来的，而不是选出来的
答案是比较出来的，而不是选出来的
eg:19年-Text03
33. The solution to the ethical issues brought by autonomous vehicles
[A] can hardly ever be found. (错就错在hardly 这个词上了，过于绝对)
[B] has aroused much curiosity
[C] is still（仍然，表示目前还未解决） beyond our capacity
[D] causes little public concern
A与C 是备选答案，正确答案通过比较出来，但是A的表述过于绝对(hardly)
Text:
But that doesn't mean crucial ethical issues involving Al aren't at hand. (双重否定表示肯定的逻辑,人工智能引发的问题已经存在)The coming use of autonomous vehicles, for example, poses thorny ethical questions(即将到来的人工智能会带来了许多棘手的问题). Human drivers sometimes must make split second decisions. Their reactions may be a complex combinationof instant reflexes, input from past driving experiences, and what their eyes and ears tell them in that moment.(举了一个例子，这个行为很复杂，Al去模仿很难) AI "vision" today is not nearly as sophisticated as that of humans.And to anticipate every imaginable driving situation is a difficult programming problem.(人能做的，Al不能做)
在看文章时，一定要注意表示感情色彩的形容词
由于篇幅问题，具体的一些题型在这里不作分析(单词一个个打出来太费力)，不过之后我会把相关题型进行分类，然后再分享黑大家。
更新:
补充:
七、选项被偷换概念
18年-Text3
31. What is true of the agreement between the NHS and DeepMind?
[A]It caused conflicts among tech giants.
[B] It failed to pay e attention to patients' rights.
[C]It(代词，注意指代的对象，这里指代的是NHS和D,而原文说的是病人的预期) fell short of the latter's expectations.（是患者的预期）
[D] It put both sides into a dangerous situation.
❺ 介绍伊丽莎白的英语翻译 伊丽莎白女王一世被普遍认为是英国历史上最杰出的帝王。在她当政的45年
Queen Elizabeth is generally considered to be the most outstanding in the history of the United Kingdom. During the 45 years of her reign, Britain's economic prosperity, literature brilliant, military leap become the world's leading naval power. The king of England was not a part of the puppet in her life, so it was important for her to be part of the British golden age.
❻ 英语作文 阅读技巧
英语作文 英语作文的基本要求：
首先，一个段落必须有一个中心即主题思想，该中心由主题句特别是其中的题旨来表达。整个段落必须紧扣这个主题（stick or hold to the topic），这就是段落的统一性（unity）。其次，一个段落必须有若干推展句，使主题思想得到充分展开，从而给读者一个完整的感觉，这就是完整性（completeness or adequateness）。再者，一个段落不是杂乱无章的，而是有机的组合，句子的排列顺序必须合乎逻辑，从一个句子到另一个句子的过渡必须流畅（smooth），这就是连贯性（coherence）。下面我们就对这三个标准分别加以说明。
1、统一性
一个段落内的各个句子必须从属于一个中心，任何游离于中心思想之外的句子都是不可取的。请看下例：
Joe and I decided to take the long trip we'd always wanted across the country. We were like young kids buying our camper and stocking it with all the necessities of life. Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie. We started out in early spring from Minneapolis and headed west across the northern part of the country. We both enjoyed those people we met at the trailer park. Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner. To our surprise, we found that we liked the warm southern regions very much, and so we decided to stay here in New Mexico.
本段的主题句是段首句，controlling idea（中心思想）是take the long trip across the country。文中出现两个irrelevant sentences，一个是Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie，这一段是讲的是Joe and I ，中间出现一个Bella是不合适的。还有，Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner这一句更是与主题句不相关。再看一个例子：
My name is Roseanna, and I like to keep physically fit. I used to weigh two hundred pounds, but I joined the YMCA for an exercise class and diet program. In one year I lost eighty pounds. I feel much better and never want to have that much weight on my five-feet frame again. I bought two new suitcases last week. Everyday I practice jogging three miles, swimming fifteen laps, lifting twenty-pound weights and playing tennis for one hour. My mother was a premature baby.
本段的controlling idea 是like to deep physically fit，但段中有两个irrelevant sentences，一个是I bought two new suitcases last week，另一个是My mother was a premature baby。
从上面两个例子可以看出，native speakers同样会造出来irrelevant sentences。卷面上如果这种句子多了，造成偏题或离题，那问题就更严重了。
2、完整性
正象我们前面说得那样，一个段落的主题思想靠推展句来实现，如果只有主题句而没有推展句来进一步交待和充实，就不能构成一个完整的段落。同样，虽然有推展句，但主题思想没有得到相对圆满的交待，给读者一种意犹未尽的感觉。这样的段落也不能完成其交际功能。例如：
Physical work can be a useful form of therapy for a mind in turmoil. Work concentrates your thoughts on a concrete task. Besides, it is more useful to work —— you proce something rather than more anxiety or depression.
本段的主题句是段首句。本段的两个推展句均不能回答主题句中提出的问题。什么是“a mind in turmoil”（心境不平静）Physical work又如何能改变这种情况？为什么它能起therapy的作用？读者得不到明确的答案。因此，要达到完整就必须尽可能地简明。例如：
It is not always true that a good picture is worth a thousand words. Often writing is much clearer than a picture. It is sometimes difficult to figure out what a picture means, but a careful writer can almost always explain it.
段首句所表达的主题思想是一种看法，必须有具体事例加以验证。上述两个推展句只是在文字上对主题作些解释，整个段落内容空洞，简而不明。如果用一两个具体的例子的话，就可以把主题解释清楚了。比如下段：
It is not always true that a picture is worth a thousand words. Sometimes, pictures are pretty useless things. If you can't swim and fall in the river and start gulping water, will you be better off to hold up a picture of yourself drowning, or start screaming "Help"?
3、连贯性（coherence）
连贯性包括意连和形连两个方面，前者指的是内在的逻辑性，后者指的是使用转换词语。当然这两者常常是不可分割的。只有形连而没有意连，句子之间就没有内在的有机的联系；反之，只有意连而没有形连，有时行文就不够流畅。
1）、意连
段落中句子的排列应遵循一定的次序，不能想到什么就写什么。如果在下笔之前没有构思，边写边想，写写停停，那就写不出一气呵成的好文章来。下面介绍几种常见的排列方式。
A．按时间先后排列（chronological arrangement）
We had a number of close calls that day. When we rose, it was obviously late and we had to hurry so as not to miss breakfast; we knew the dining room staff was strict about closing at nine o'clock. Then, when we had been driving in the desert for nearly two hours —— it must have been close to noon —— the heat nearly hid us in; the radiator boiled over and we had to use most of our drinking water to cool it down. By the time we reached the mountain, it was our o'clock and we were exhausted. Here, judgement ran out of us and we started the tough climb to the summit, not realizing that darkness came suddenly in the desert. Sure enough, by six we were struggling and Andrew very nearly went down a steep cliff, dragging Mohammed and me along with him. By nine, when the wind howled across the flat ledge of the summit, we knew as we shivered together for warmth that it had not been our lucky day.
本段从“rose”（起床）写起，然后是吃早餐（“not to miss breakfast”, “closing at nine o'clock”），然后是“close to noon”，一直写到这一天结束（“By nine——”）。
B. 按位置远近排列（spatial arrangement）。例如：
From a distance, it looked like a skinny tube, but as we got closer, we could see it flesh out before our eyes. It was tubular, all right, but fatter than we could see from far away. Furthermore, we were also astonished to notice that the building was really in two parts: a pagoda sitting on top of a tubular one-story structure. Standing ten feet away, we could marvel at how much of the pagoda was made up of glass windows. Almost everything under the wonderful Chinese roof was made of glass, unlike the tube that it was sitting on, which only had four. Inside, the tube was gloomy, because of the lack of light. Then a steep, narrow staircase took us up inside the pagoda and the light changed dramatically. All those windows let in a flood of sunshine and we could see out for miles across the flat land.
本段的写法是由远及近，从远处（“from a distance”）写起，然后“get closer”，再到（“ten feet away”），最后是“inside the pagoda”……当然，按位置远近来写不等于都是由远及近。根据需要，也可以由近及远，由表及里等等。
C. 按逻辑关系排列（logical arrangement）
a. 按重要性顺序排列（arrangement in order of importance）
If you work as a soda jerker, you will, of course, not need much skill in expressing yourself to be effective. If you work on a machine, your ability to express yourself will be of little importance. But as soon as you move one step up from the bottom, your effectiveness depends on your ability to reach others through the spoken or the written word. And the further away your job is from manual work, the larger the organization of which you are an employee, the more important it will be that you know how to convey your thoughts in writing or speaking. In the very large business organization, whether it is the government, the large corporation, or the Army, this ability to express oneself is perhaps the most important of all the skills a man can possess.
这一段谈的是表达能力，它的重要性与职业，身份有关，从“not need much skill”或“of little importance”到“more important”，最后是“most important”。
b.由一般到特殊排列（general-to-specific arrangement）
If a reader is lost, it is generally because the writer has not been careful enough to keep him on the path. This carelessness can take any number of forms. Perhaps a sentence is so excessively cluttered that the reader, hacking his way through the verbiage, simply doesn't know what it means. Perhaps a sentence has been so shoddily constructed that the reader could read it in any of several ways. Perhaps the writer has switched tenses, or has switched pronouns in mid-sentence, so the reader loses track of when the action took place or who is talking. Perhaps sentence B is not logical sequel to sentence A —— the writer, in whose head the connection is clear, has not bothered to provide the missing link. Perhaps the writer has used an important word incorrectly by not taking the trouble to look it up. He may think that "sanguine" and "sanguinary" mean the same thing, but the difference is a bloody big one. The reader can only infer what the writer is trying to imply.
这一段谈的是a writer's carelessness，先给出一个general statement作为主题句，然后通过5个 ”perhaps”加以例证。
c. 由特殊到一般排列（specific-to-general arrangement）
I do not understand why people confuse my Siamese cat, Prissy, with the one I had several years ago, Henry. The two cats are only alike in breed. Prissy, a quiet, feminine feline, loves me dearly but not possessively. She likes to keep her distance from people, exert her independence and is never so rude as to beg, lick, or sniff unceremoniously. Her usual posture is sitting upright, eyes closed, perfectly still. Prissy is a very proper cat. Henry, on the other hand, loved me dearly but possessively. He was my shadow from morning till night. He expected me to constantly entertain him. Henry never cared who saw him do anything, whether it was decorous or not, and he usually offended my friends in some way. The cat made himself quite comfortable, on the top of the television, across stranger's feet or laps, in beds, drawers, sacks, closets, or nooks. The difference between them is imperceptible to strangers.
本段的主题句是段首句，它仅提出一个问题：为什么两只猫会被搞混。然后对两者进行比较，末句才下结论。
2）、形连
行文的逻辑性常常要靠适当的转换词语及其他手段来实现。请读下面这一段文字并找出文中用以承上启下的词语：
Walter's goal in life was to become a successful surgeon. First, though, he had to get through high school, so he concentrated all his efforts on his studies —— in particular, biology, chemistry, and math. Because he worked constantly on these subjects, Walter became proficient in them; however, Walter forgot that he needed to master other subjects besides those he had chosen. As a result, ring his junior year of high school, Walter failed both English and Latin. Consequently, he had to repeat these subjects and he was almost unable to graate on schele. Finally, on June 6, Walter achieved the first step toward realizing his goal.
本文中起承上启下的词语有两种，一种是转换词语（transitional words or phrases），另一种是起转换作用的其他连接手段（linking devices）。前者依次有：first, though, so, in particular, and, because, however, besides, as a result, both…and, consequently, and, finally.后者依次是：he, he, his, his, he, these, them, he, those, his, he, these, his. 本段中共有词汇105个，所使用的转换词语及其他连接用语共26个词，约占该段总词汇量的四分之一。由此可见，掌握好transitions不仅对行文的流（smoothness）有益，而且对于学生在半个小时内写120个词也是不无好处的。
一个段落里如果没有transitions也就很难有coherence了.我们看下面一个例子：
Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds. Writing uses written symbols. Speech developed about 500 000 years ago. Written language is a recent development. It was invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal. The word choice of writing is often relatively formal. Pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from. Pronunciation and accent are ignored in writing. A standard diction and spelling system prevails in the written language of most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and rise and fall of the voice. Writing lacks gesture, loudness and the rise and fall of the voice. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences.
本段中除了第6句开头出现一个起过渡作用的”it”之外，没有使用其他的过渡词语.这样，文中出现许多重复的词语，全段读起来也显得生硬而不自然。如果加上必要的过渡词语来修饰的话，这一段就成了下面一个流畅连贯的段落：
Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds; writing, on the other hand, uses written symbols. Speech was developed about 500 000 years ago, but written language is a recent development, invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal, while the word choice of writing, by contrast, is often relatively formal. Although pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from, they are ignored in wiring because a standard diction and spelling system prevails in most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and the rise and fall of the voice, but writing lacks these features. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences．
4、有损连贯性的几种情况：
考生在写作中经常出现下面几种错误：
1、不必要的改变时态，比如：
In the movie, Robert Redford was a spy. He goes to his office where he found everybody dead. Other spies wanted to kill him, so he takes refuge with Julie Christie. At her house, he had waited for the heat to die down, but they come after him anyway.
2、不必要的改变单复数，比如：
Everybody looks for satisfaction in his life. They want to be happy. But if he seeks only pleasure in the short run, the person will soon run out of pleasure and life will catch up to him. They need to pursue the deeper pleasure of satisfaction in work and in relationships.
3、不必要的改变人称，比如：
Now more than ever, parents need to be in touch with their children's activities because modern life has the tendency to cause cleavages in the family. You need to arrange family like it so that family members will do things together and know one another. You need to give up isolated pleasures of your own and realize that parents have a set of obligations to sponsor togetherness and therefore sponsor knowledge.
因此写作中，一定要注意时态，人称以及数的变化是否正确，要注意保持一致。
英语作文的书写格式
英文书写应符合书写规范，英文字母要写清楚、写整齐、写美观，字母的大小和字母之间的距离要匀称。书写应做到字形秀丽漂亮，通篇匀称和谐。
写英文字母要掌握正确笔顺。如字母i，应该先写下面的部分，然后再打点。有的学生却按写汉字的习惯从上到下写，写快了，就会把点和下面的十笔连在量起，显得十分别扭。字形t应为两笔。不少人却将两笔合成一笔，看上去不像t，倒像l或是e，难以辨认。另外，把r写成v，把q写成把g，把k写成h等等，都是中学生书写中常见的毛病。
不少人在四线三格的练习纸上书写尚有规矩，能按字母的占格、高低和大小要求书写，但在白纸或横线纸上书写，却显得十分幼稚拙劣。字母或跳上跳下，或一律写成同一高度，占上中两格的字母与占中下两格的字母完全没有高低之别。这些现象都要防止。
另外，书写时还要注意词与词之间要保持一定的距离，不能紧靠在一起。字母之间的连写也应该按照习惯，不能随意乱来。
在一篇字数有限的作文里，我们还要注意尽量不把一个单词拆开移行。万一要移行，则必须以音节为单位进行，如revolution这个词，依照音节移行的原则可以按re-，revo-, revolu-这几种方法移行。在移行时，我们还应特别注意以下几点:
1. 单音节词不能移行，即使是字母较多的单音节词，如through等也不能例外。
2．缩略词如Mr.，Dr.等不能和后面的名字拆开移行。
缩略的专用名词如U．K.，U．S．A等也不能拆开移行。
3．时间、量度及货币单位应视为一个整体；不能分开移行。如；
11：00P.M.应写在一行内，不能将11：00和P．M．分开移行；写38℃时，不能将38和℃分开移行。
4．由“年、月、日”表示的日期，如果必须分开移行只能将“月、日”与“年”分开。如January 6，1980不能将January和6分开移行，但可以把January 6，和1980分成两行。
5．含双写辅音字母的单词，在移行时要将辅音字母拆开。如better可拆成better，necessary可拆成necessary。
但如果双写辅音字母属于词根，后面又加了后缀，就不能将两个辅音字母拆开。如drill加上-ing后构成了drilling，就不可以将它拆成成dril-ling，而只能拆为drilling。
例文：
1.宠物：
A Talkative Parrot
A lady worked in a company. There were a lot of shops on her way to work. One morning, when she was walking to work, she passed by a new pet shop. She was so excited when she saw a parrot sitting beside the door. She really loved birds.
When she stopped to look at the handsome bird, it said to her, "Hey, lady, you are really ugly.”
This made the lady very angry. She quickly left the shop and went to work. On her way home, she passed the same pet shop again. This time the parrot saw her again, it said immediately:
"Hey lady, you are really ugly!"
The lady tried to control herself. She walked to the shopkeeper and told him that if the parrot said it again, she would have the police come and take it away. "I'm so sorry, madam. I promise it won't happen again," the shopkeeper said.
The next morning, when the lady walked past the pet shop, she pretended that she didn’t see it. But the parrot saw her at once and said to her quickly, "Hey lady."
She stopped and looked at the bird coldly. "Yes?" she answered in an angry voice.
The bird, sitting up straight and smiling at her, said, "You know."
2.人物：
Elizabeth Bennet （伊丽莎白）
The second daughter in the Bennet family, and the most intelligent and quick-witted, Elizabeth is the protagonist of Pride and Prejudice and one of the most well-known female characters in English literature. Her admirable qualities are numerous—she is lovely, clever, and, in a novel defined by dialogue, she converses as brilliantly as anyone. Her honesty, virtue, and lively wit enable her to rise above the nonsense and bad behavior that pervade her class-bound and often spiteful society. Nevertheless, her sharp tongue and tendency to make hasty judgments often lead her astray; Pride and Prejudice is essentially the story of how she (and her true love, Darcy) overcome all obstacles—including their own personal failings—to find romantic happiness. Elizabeth must not only cope with a hopeless mother, a distant father, two badly behaved younger siblings, and several snobbish, antagonizing females, she must also overcome her own mistaken impressions of Darcy, which initially lead her to reject his proposals of marriage. Her charms are sufficient to keep him interested, fortunately, while she navigates familial and social turmoil. As she graally comes to recognize the nobility of Darcy’s character, she realizes the error of her initial prejudice against him.
Bennet家庭的第二个女儿和最聪明和机智，伊丽莎白是自豪感和偏见的主演和其中一个在英国文学的最知名的女性角色。 她令人敬佩的质量是numerous—she是可爱的，聪明，并且，在对话定义的小说，她一样精采地交谈象任何人。 她的诚实、美德和活泼的机智使她在胡话之上起来，并且弥漫她的坏行为类跳起和经常恶意的社会。 然而，她的伶俐的口舌和倾向经常做仓促评断带领她迷路; 自豪感和偏见本质上是故事她(和她真实的爱， Darcy)怎样克服他们自己的个人failings—to发现浪漫幸福的所有obstacles—including。 伊丽莎白必须不仅应付一个绝望的母亲，一个遥远的父亲，二非常表现的更加年轻的兄弟姐妹，并且几位势利，对抗的女性，她必须也克服Darcy她自己的错误印象，最初带领她拒绝他的求婚。 而她驾驶家族和社会动乱，她魅力是充足保持他感兴趣，幸运地。 当她逐渐来认可Darcy’s字符的贵族，她体会她对他的最初的偏见错误。
❼ 跪求英语高手~~~关于傲慢与偏见主角伊丽莎白性格特征的描述，要英文的~120字左右ok~谢谢
（字吵缓数比较少）性格简述者碰拿：Elizabeth is a realistic and masterful character, which makes all her qualities of strength and independence intensify and create an ideal stability between her emotions and what is reality. Her passion and overwhelming capability to stand her ground is just an introction into her ability to be able to oversee the weak, the naïve and the dominating. Elizabeth proves her by others who try to contradict her.
（超过120字，如果太长你自首搭己选择一些吧）Elizabeth Bennet is the main character and protagonist. The reader sees the unfolding plot and the other characters mostly from her viewpoint. The second of the Bennet daughters at twenty years old, she is intelligent, lively, attractive, and witty, but with a tendency to judge on first impressions and perhaps to be a little selective of the evidence upon which she bases her judgments. As the plot begins, her closest relationships are with her father, her sister Jane, her aunt Mrs Gardiner, and her best friend Charlotte Lucas.Pride and Prejudice, like most of Jane Austen's works, employs the narrative technique of free indirect speech. This has been defined as "the free representation of a character's speech, by which one means, not words actually spoken by a character, but the words that typify the character's thoughts, or the way the character would think or speak, if she thought or spoke". By using narrative which adopts the tone and vocabulary of a particular character (in this case, that of Elizabeth), Austen invites the reader to follow events from Elizabeth's viewpoint, sharing her prejudices and misapprehensions. "The learning curve, while undergone by both protagonists, is disclosed to us solely through Elizabeth's point of view and her free indirect speech is essential ... for it is through it that we remain caught, if not stuck, within Elizabeth's misprisions."
❽ 英语作文我最敬佩的女人伊丽莎白
lizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; born 21 April 1926) is the constitutional monarch of 16 of the 53 member states in the Commonwealth of Nations.She is also Head of the Commonwealth and Supreme Governor of the Church of England.
Upon her accession on 6 February 1952,Elizabeth became Head of the Commonwealth and queen regnant of seven independent Commonwealth countries:the United Kingdom,Canada,Australia,New Zealand,South Africa,Pakistan and Ceylon.Her coronation the following year was the first to be televised.From 1956 to 1992,the number of her realms varied as territories gained independence and some realms became republics.Today,in addition to the first four of the aforementioned countries,Elizabeth is Queen of Jamaica,Barbados,the Bahamas,Grenada,Papua New Guinea,Solomon Islands,Tuvalu,Saint Lucia,Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,Belize,Antigua and Barbuda,and Saint Kitts and Nevis.She is the longest-lived and,after her great-great grandmother Queen Victoria,the second longest-reigning British monarch.
Elizabeth was born in London and ecated privately at home.Her father acceded to the throne as George VI on the abdication of his brother Edward VIII in 1936,from which time she was the heir presumptive.She began to undertake public ties ring theSecond World War,in which she served in the Auxiliary Territorial Service.In 1947,she married Prince Philip,Duke of Edinburgh,with whom she has four children:Charles,Anne,Andrew,and Edward.
❾ 考研英语一莎士比亚在哪年
你好！
1564年莎士比亚出生
1590年到1600年是莎士比亚创作的早期,又称为历史剧、喜剧时期。这一时期莎士比亚人文主义思想和艺术风格渐渐形成。当时的英国正处于伊丽莎白女王统治的鼎盛时期,王权稳固统一,经济繁荣。莎士比亚对在现实社会中实现人文主义理想充满信心,作品洋溢着乐观明朗的差瞎色彩。这一时期，他写的历史剧包括《理查三世》（雹数1592）、《亨利四世》（上下集）（1597—1598）和《 亨利五世 》（1599）等9部。剧本的基本主题是拥护中央王权，谴责封建暴君和歌颂开明君主。比如，《亨利四世》展现的是国内局势动荡的画面，贵族们联合起来反叛国王，但叛乱最终被平息；王太子早先生活放荡，后来认识错误，在平定内乱中立下战功。剧作中，历史事实和艺术虚构达虚肆空到高度统一。人物形象中以福斯塔夫最为生动，此人自私、懒惰、畏缩，却又机警、灵巧、乐观，令人忍俊不禁。
❿ 求：2013年考研英语一：阅读、新题型和翻译、完型的全文中文译文。谢谢
text1
在 2006年的电影《穿普拉达的女魔头》中，梅丽尔·斯特里普扮演的米兰达•普瑞斯特利指责她那毫无吸引 力的助理认为高级时装并未感染到她。Priestly解释了这些年来，助理毛衫的那种深蓝色是如何从时尚秀场走向 百货商店，又走向廉价服装店的，无疑，这个穷女孩的衣服就是在那儿买的。
时尚业这种自上而下的概念已经过时了，与伊丽莎白·克莱恩在《过分打扮》一书中所描绘的狂热世界存 在着差异。这本书是她长达三年对“快速时尚”的控诉。近十年的时间中，技术进步使得大规模市场品牌，如 Zara, H&M 和优衣库等对于潮流趋势的反应更加速度，并且能更精确预测市场需求。快速的转变意味着浪费的 库存减少了，新品发布更加频繁，并且能获得更大的利润。这些品牌鼓励那些有时尚意识的顾客们将服装视作 是一次性的——也就是只洗一两次就不要了，尽管这些品牌并未宣传这一点——并且鼓励他们每隔几周就更新 自己的衣柜。通过提供非常便宜的时尚单品，克莱恩认为，这些品牌掠夺了时尚圈，撼动了这个早就适应了季 节性周期的行业。
这次革新的受害者们，当然，不仅仅限于设计师们。对 H&M 来说，要在全球 2300多家店里销售价格 5.95 美元的针织迷你裙，它必须依赖于低廉的海外劳动力，必须成批大量订购，而这使得自然资源紧张，并且使用 数量众多的有害化学品。
《过分打扮》是时尚界对和迈克尔·波伦《杂食者的困境》一书一样，维护消费者权益积极分子的畅销书 所作出的最好回应。“批量生产的服装，就像快餐一样，能够满足饥饿与需求，然而不是持久的而且非常浪费。” 克莱恩认为。她发现，美国人每年约购买 200亿服装——平均每人 64件——无论有多少衣服被他们送出去，
这种过度购买还是会导致浪费。
《过分打扮》接近尾声的时候，克莱恩介绍了一位典范：一个叫莎拉·凯特·博蒙特的布鲁克林女性。博蒙特
7
自 2008 年起，所有衣服都是自己缝制的——并且都很漂亮。但也正如克莱恩一开始提到的：博蒙特花费了 10年时
间去完善自己的工艺，她的案例是无法被打败的。
尽管几家快速时尚公司都努力抑制他们对于劳动力和环境产生的影响——比如 H&M 有环保自觉行动生产 线——克莱恩相信，只有消费者才能实现持续性的变化。无论在食物还是能源方面，她都表现出许多可持续发 展的倡导者常有的理想主义。虚荣是永恒的；只有消费不起的时候，人们才可能开始可持续性消费。