初中英语阅读理解题库及答案解析
A. 跪求成功英语阅读翻译（七年级上) past one u7到u22文章翻译(在线等）2.23到2.24 肯定加分
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Section I Use of English
1.[答案] A
[解析]本题涉及词义辨析。空格句表示“创建了……市场”之一，created语义恰当，为答案。initiated一般表示“开始实施，发起”之意，与plans，schemes，social reforms等连用。
2.[答案] C
[解析]本题涉及词型相近的词的词义辨析。represent动词，意为“代表，标志”，带入后句意为：创建了一个新的电子的经济指标（economic indices）市场，这些指标代表的是实质性的经济风险。
3.[答案] A
[解析]本题为一般的词汇题。带入后上下文语义连贯的选项为A“先进的”。
4.[答案] B
[解析]本题实际为语法题，called带入后意为“被称为the Parimutuel Digital Call Auction的…”，与“developed by…”一样为后置定语，共同修饰前面的“technology”一词。
5.[答案] D
[解析]本题涉及介词短语的用法。“in the sense of”意为“按照（就）…的意义来说”，带入后句意是“它被称为数字化的，是就其提供的了一个数字化的方法而言的”。
6.[答案] D
[解析]这是一道语法题。根据空格前后的递进性的句意逻辑，合适的关系词是only if（只有），带入后与if语气递进。
7.[答案] B
[解析]这是一道词汇题。由于前两句都是在强调“range”（范围），该题答案也是range才能保持句意的连贯。
8.[答案] C
[解析]本题涉及介词的用法。与bet搭配的常为on，带入后意为“在…下赌”。
9.[答案] A
[解析]本题涉及一般的词汇知识。“virtually”副词，意为“几乎；确实”，带入后符合句意，为答案。
10.[答案] B
[解析]本题涉及一般词汇知识。“assess”意为“评估”，符合句意，为答案。
11.[答案] B
[解析]这是一道语法题。which带入后引导非限制性定语从句，为正确答案。
12.[答案] B
[解析]本题涉及上下文的理解。由于下文主要讨论家庭保险，所以本题答案为insurance，符合句意逻辑。
13.[答案] A
[解析]这是一道句法题。“what”引导宾语从句“what， for most people， is the single most…”，做介词of的宾语。
14.[答案] C
[解析]这是一道词汇题。C“组成部分”符合句意，为正确答案。
15.[答案] D
[解析]这是一道词汇题。launched（使开始，推出）带入后做后置定语，修饰前面的program，意为“…所推出的计划”，应为最佳选项。released意为“公布，发行”，予以排除。
16.[答案] D
[解析]本题涉及动词短语。根据句意，D. rely on（依靠）为正确答案。
17.[答案] A
[解析]本题考查词汇知识。A. terms“（双方提出的）条件，条款”，带入后句意为“确定保险单中的具体条款（to define the terms of the policy）”，前后连贯，为正确答案。
18.[答案] B
[解析]这是一道语法题。being带入后，时态上与空格前的now呼应，构成分词结构，与前面的already begun并列为后置定语，共同修饰“Electronic futures markets”（电子期货市场）。
19.[答案] C
[解析]本题涉及词的引申用法，stand可以表达“处于某种状态或情形”之意，带入后意为“但它们却是这样一种技术的雏形…”。再例如：The house stood empty for months.故C为答案。其他三项意思均为“出现”，不符句意。
20.[答案] C
[解析]本题考查副词词汇知识。A.“以某种方式，不知怎么回事”，不符句意，排除。B.“不管怎么说”，不符句意，排除。C.“用别的方式，在其他方面”符合句意，为正确答案。D.“因此”，不符句意，排除。
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Text 1译文
加州公众企业雇员退休协会（加退协）挺身担纲投资者权利的第一捍卫者，他们会定期挑出一些全国最大公司内的糟糕经营者，列入年度的公司控管核心名单。每当加退协吭声时，帐下经营着1530亿美元的华尔街都会侧耳倾听。但是，这个全国最大的退休基金会还从没有像12月16日那样逮住这么大的一条鱼，它向美国纽约证券交易所及其属下的七个会员公司发起挑战，指控他们具有欺诈行为，宣称交易所疏忽自己的监控职守，允许七个会员公司在损害投资者利益的情况下进行证券交易。
这次行动对纽约证券交易所的新任（临时）主席John Reed来说，不蒂当头一棒。这位前花旗银行董事长兼CEO九月才加盟交易所，当时，长期担纲交易所领导工作的Richard Grasso因报酬太高而引起公愤，被迫辞职。
因为没能将投资者的代表选入新组选的董事会，也因为未能将交易所的监控职能与日常经营有效区分，Reed遭到加退协及其它机构投资者的广泛批评。加退协的诉讼表明，广大投资者的不满情绪没有消退。Harrigan说：“因为Reed不采取行动，我们的希望整个破灭了。”
诉讼指控说，七个专营会员公司滥用或过分使用交易策略并从中获益。这些目前并非非法的策略包括“penny jumping”（专营公司在两个交易单中间介入，抢得差价），“front running”（根据从交易单中获得的机密情报，抢在顾客前面交易）和“freezing”（稳住公司的交易单簿，以便公司能用自己的户头第一个交易）。
诉讼中的许多指控依据的是前不久公开的，由证券交易委员会对交易所进行的调查结果。根据诉讼，10月份的证券交易委员会的报告发现，“交易所的监控、调查程序中存在严重不足，包括对专营公司的累次犯规视而不见”。
这次诉讼突出的反映了机构投资者对交易体系的失望，该体系既便不要取消，至少需要更新。加州公司监管员Steve Westley（作为加退协的董事，参加了12月16日的记者招待会），不断呼吁纽约证券交易所停止使用专营公司来方便交易的做法，转而采用公开匹配交易双方的制度。视而不见？Westley说：“没有理由不采用全部自动化的交易。世界上每笔交易都是这么做的。证券交易所该进入21世纪了，从而拨去公众心目中的疑云：有不少侵犯投资者权益的内部交易。”
21.「答案」D
「解析」这是一道词义题。依据第一段可知答案应为D.
22.「答案」C
「解析」这是一道细节题。根据第三段第二句，确定答案为C.
23.「答案」B
「解析」这是一道是非判断题。根据第四段前两句，七家公司的手段目前并未违法，可见B项不对。
24.「答案」A
「解析」这是一道细节题，“Westley”将答案锁定在文章末段。NYSE的问题，在Westley看来，出在过于依赖专营公司开展业务，故此答案为A.
25.「答案」A
「解析」这是一道主旨题。这是一篇新闻题文章，全文讲述了加退协为了投资者的权益而将NYSE告上法庭，可见文章标题应为A（投资者权益的捍卫者）。D项Lawsuits加复数是不对的，予以排除。
Text 2译文
多功能超级药丸并不夸大其辞，而且减少高胆固醇、糖尿病及高血压对心脏的潜在危害也能挽救不少生命，对医药公司而言也是有利可图。用Pfizer公司的高血压药Norvasc和降低胆固醇的药Lipitor组合而成的药丸“具有巨大的潜力”，Shaojing Tong，一名来自Mehta Partners的分析师这么认为，他说，“一片药丸具有双重功能也极其方便”。
如果这种药推广开来，医药公司将获得巨大受益。Pfizer公司的目标是尽可能多地将合格病人转用这类组合药。Norvasc的专利将在2007年过期，但公司可将它转为超级药丸的一部分，从而避免收入方面的损失。来自Cathay Financial的分析师Sena Lund说，Pfizer到2007年通过这种组合药能赚到42亿美元，从而补偿Lipitor的销售疲软所带来的损失，Lipitor的赢利到2007年将降到5亿美元，而去年是8亿美元。
Pfizer认为，用一颗药丸治疗两个不同但却严重的心血管疾病是有益的。Pfizer双药治疗中心主任Craig Hopkinson指出，美国患有高血压和高胆固醇的病人有2700万，其中只有2％的人得到了充分的治疗。服一片药治两种病能使更多的病人得到适当的治疗，并有助于病人得到理想的救治。
Pfizer认为，医生们也会乐于接受组合药，因为它由两种很成熟的药品构成，医生们对它们很熟悉。但是，斯坦福大学医疗中心心脏科咨询部主任Dr. Stanley Rockson认为，固定剂量的组合药丸对医生们而言，是“一个有趣的十字路口”，医生们接受的训练往往要求他们“细心对待每个个别病例”。组合用药对他们的针对不同个体采用不同疗法是个挑战。但他也说，病人能更好的接受该药促使医生们去接受尝试这种药丸。
有些医生会持怀疑态度。波士顿大学医学院的药理学教授Dr. Irene Gavris则担心说，“如果你想改变组合药中一种药的剂量，你可难办了”。她说，她很愿意给那些“已用药有过一段时间的病人”使用这种组合药，他们不太可能需要改变剂量。
通常，经济决定天平的倾向。Gavris说，正在服用Lipitor和Norvasc的病人由于转用该药“能将他们的医保费用减少一半”。这很重要。例如，控制高血压可能需要三种或三种以上的药物，病人的经济负担急剧增加，如果病人也想获益——正如Pfizer和其他医药公司所宣称的那样——转用超级药丸对大家都有好处。
26.「答案」B
「解析」这是一道细节题。依据原文第二段可知，Pfizer可以通过使用组合药来避免因为Norvasc专利到期可能引起的损失。所以答案为B.
27.「答案」B
「解析」这是一道是非判断题。文章第三段讲述了超级药丸的种种好处，但并没有说可以恢复病人失去的身体功能，所以B应是答案。
28.「答案」C
「解析」本题涉及段落的写作意图。第三段讲述了病人对超级药丸的接受态度，第四段主要讲述医生们可能的接受态度，所以答案为C.A项不对，因为本段内部并没有进行对比。
29.「答案」D
「解析」这是一道涉及全文的推论题。文章探讨了医药公司、病人、医生等方面对超级药丸的反应态度，可以推论，用药的转变是由许多因素来决定的，故答案为D.
30.「答案」A
「解析」这是一道态度题，问作者对超级药丸所持的态度。根据文章开头两句及其整个文章的议论，不难看出作者对这种药的态度还是赞同性的，故答案为A.选项C意为“（勉强地）容忍接受”，不太吻合文章作者的语气，排除。
Text 3译文
五年前的寒假，Donna and Phil Satow的就读于亚利桑纳大学的20岁的儿子自缢身亡，从那以后，夫妻俩就一直想知道自己忽略了什么迹象，也向儿子的同学打听。
深刻的思索让人注意到了Ulifeline （www.ulifeline.org），大学生们可在学校登录该网址咨询问题。120多所高校使用该网址，并增添了些学校信息，130多万大学生用学生证在该网站注册。
“这是一个很不错的网站，它能提高对自杀的警惕，减少对精神疾病的歧视，鼓励人们寻求帮助，”Paul Grayson这么认为，他是纽约大学的咨询服务部主任，一年前开始使用该网站的服务。
该网站的主要部件是Self-E-Valuator，这是杜克大学医疗中心开发的一种自测软件，帮助学生判断自己是否有抑郁、自杀、厌食或药物依赖这类危险。除了帮助学生，网站还汇编了大量学生的匿名数据，以便学校了解校园内的健康状况。
网站还给学生用户提供当地医疗服务链接，一份处方药及其负效应的目录，以及“询问艾丽丝”的接入，后者是哥伦比亚大学开发的一个巨大的档案库，含有数百个对世界各地大学生匿名咨询的答复。对那些为朋友担心的学生而言，网站还有一个部分专门介绍自杀和抑郁的种种征兆。
然而很难评估这种服务的有效性，匿名在线服务甚至会起到消极作用。位于华盛顿的美国自杀学研究协会执行主任Dr. Lanny Berman就说，“这种网站咨询不能代替互动的当面咨询。”
Ulifeline首先会承认，网站咨询不能取代真正的理疗师。Ron Gibori，Ulifeline的执行主任就说，“我们的目的是帮助学生发现抑郁迹象，然后指导他们去合适的地方治疗。”
Mrs. Satow仍然关注着该网站，她称之为“知识库”，它本可以阻止她儿子Jed自杀的。她说，“如果Jed的同学知道抑郁的征兆，他们本可以发现Jed的问题的。”
31.「答案」D
「解析」这是一道写作意图题。第一段说道Satow一家的事情是为了引入文章的讨论主题Ulifeline，所以答案为D.
32.「答案」C
「解析」这是一道细节题。依据文章2、3两段，大学使用该网站的目的是鼓励学生上网咨询自己的精神抑郁等问题，所以答案为C.
33.「答案」B
「解析」这是一道细节题。依据第五段可知，Go Ask Alice是一个给学生提供健康咨询的问答库，所以答案为B.
34.「答案」A
「解析」这是一道句意题。依据文章最后两段的意思可知，网站固然可以提供咨询，但真正充分的治疗还得需要理疗师。A项为此意，是正确选项。
35.「答案」C
「解析」这是一道推论题。根据末段的意思可以推测，Mrs. Satow一定非常认可该网站，所以答案为C.
Text 4译文
“科学”和“技术”的意义，从一代到下一代都会发生深刻的变化，然而这两个术语之间的相似之处远远多于其不同之处。两者都含有思维特征，两者都涉及物质世界的因果关系，两者皆用实验性的研究方法，由此而得出的经验性结果都可重复验证。科学，至少在理论上，不太在乎结果的实用性，它更在乎普遍法则的创立，但实际上，科学和技术是密不可分的。两者之间不同程度的相互影响可见于各种行业的历史发展过程，诸如：化学、工程、物理、天文、土木、制陶以及其它行业。科学家和技术人员的研究活动的差异与下列因素有关：不同的教育要求、社会地位、方法、术语、奖励方式、机构目标及职业目标，但纵观历史，许多“纯”科学家既有理论建树也有实用创新。
的确，科学是技术创新的理论基础，以及纯理论研究对工业文明的发展是不可或缺的这两种说法都是错误的。大多数工业进步都与实验室研究无关，机械、化工、天文、冶金、水利领域的基本工具及流程早在相关理论法则发现之前就已存在。例如，早在热动力学解释了蒸汽的原理之前，蒸汽发动机业已广泛存在。
最近几年，科学和技术之间的价值分歧越来越尖锐。科学进步的反对者是一直存在的，然而，现在有很多人对技术的恐惧甚于对科学的担心。他们觉得，科学可视为是对永恒的自然法则的和平、客观的探究，但现代社会中，技术的实际应用似乎有点失控。
许多科学史家们认为，技术是发达的工业文明的必然条件，他们也认为，过去几百年的技术发展也已积累了可观的动量。技术创新的速度以几何级别在增长，远远超出了地理和政治的限定。这些技术创新改变了传统的文化体制，往往带来难以预料的社会后果。所以，技术既具有进步性也具有毁灭性。
36.「答案」C
「解析」这是一道细节题。依据原文第3句可知，科学和技术之间的相似之一便是研究方法的实验性。因此答案为C.B项中casual不等于原文中的causal，排除。
37.「答案」B
「解析」这是一道是非判断题。依据第2段首句，作者认为“科学是技术创新的理论基础，以及纯理论研究对工业文明的发展是不可或缺的这两种说法都是错误的”，可见作者不赞同的是B项的说法，故B为答案。
38.「答案」A
「解析」这是一道例证题。第2段末句中，作者提到蒸汽发动机是为了反驳“理论研究对工业文明的发展是不可或缺的”这一观点，故答案为A，A中“feed off”意为“靠…生存”。
39.「答案」D
「解析」这是一道句意题。引号句的意思在末段得到了充分的说明，“技术创新改变了传统的文化体制，往往带来难以预料的社会后果。所以，技术既具有进步性也具有毁灭性”，这就是所谓的“失去控制”，可见答案为D.
40.「答案」D
「解析」这是一道询问历史学家态度的态度题。末段中，历史学家们对技术的发展态度具有肯定和否定的两面，所以答案为D.“有保留地认可”。
Part B
「总体分析」
本篇介绍的是美国人对选举的兴趣日渐减少，并分析了相关的几个原因。第一段揭示事情本身，后几段分析原因。就本篇而言，对文章前后结构层次的把握非常重要。
41
本题考察段落内部的逻辑联系，空格的下文说“But it‘s time to stop blaming the citizens”，可见上文必然说到有人指责普通公民们不热衷于美国的政治选举。故答案为E.
42.B
本题考察考生对文章的总体结构的把握能力。既然第二段末句说“Candidates， public officials， and journalists are not giving Americans the type of campaign they deserve”，而且第三段又说到了officials，下文又将说到journalists，可以断定，本段应说“candidates”，即“leadership”，故B项为答案。
43.D
本题考察段落内部的逻辑理解，注意相应的词汇表达。既然空格前讲的是journalists对政治家的正面言论不感兴趣，弃置编辑室地板，而攻击性的言论却被直播（Attack sound bites get airtime； positive statements land on the cutting-room floor），那么可以推论，D项是最符合逻辑的展开内容，用词也密切相关（get more time on the network newscasts）。
44.G
本题涉及段落内部逻辑的把握。既然上文说“we interviewed 100，000 Americans to discover why they‘re disengaging from elections”，那么答案为G，也就很符合逻辑了。
45.F
本题同样涉及段内逻辑，既然上文说“Officials unfailingly urge citizens to do your ty and vote. Yet， these officials embrace policies that make it harder to do that”（官员们催使公民行使职责，参加选举，但另一方面又制定政策，使公民们很难参加投票选举），那么符合逻辑的答案必定是F项了。
Part C
46.「结构分析」这是一个简单句，结构不复杂。
「疑难词汇」词汇“disproportionately”的翻译不必拘泥原文，可灵活翻译为“激…”；另，“without shrinking…”部分的理解要结合上文准确翻译。
「参考译文」技术的发展和金融的自由化使得极端富裕的家庭数量激增，却没能相应地减少贫困家庭的数量。
47.「结构分析」冒号前后为并列结构。后半部分有两个“faster than…”的并列的比较状语从句。
「疑难词汇」冒号前的两个“cause”翻译要灵活处理。
「参考译文」正是这些根本原因衍生出严重后果，从而造成更糟的结果：富裕国家出口的工业产品及服务的价格增长速度远远快于贫穷国家出口的商品及服务的价格，比没有多少国际贸易的贫穷国家所生产的商品和服务的价格增长速度就更快了。
48.「结构分析」“to whom”引导的整个是定语从句，修饰前面的“young men”；定语从句中两个“to threaten…”并列，做“means”的补足语。
「疑难词汇」“means”意为“手段”。
「参考译文」结果导致许多年轻人失业愤懑，而新的信息技术则给了他们威胁社会稳定的手段，甚至可以威胁富裕国家的社会稳定。
49.「结构分析」“Why”引导的是主句，“if”引导的是从句。
「疑难词汇」主句中“subscribed to”意为“同意，赞同”；从句中“if a case can be made that…”可意译为“如果说…”，其中“case”意为“情况”：“gains”意译为“成果”。
「参考译文」如果说商品和资本市场自由化的成果往往集聚到发展中国家的高端收入阶层的手中，那发展中国家的精英阶层为何又赞同西方国家、企业及多边组织所宣扬的全球化议程呢？
50.「结构分析」分号前后为并列结构。
「疑难词汇」“fixed”根据上下文可译为“解决，改变”：“asset”为大纲词汇“资产”。
「参考译文」但是，他们没有注意到世界收入分配的差距与贫困之间的联系；他们以为，给穷人福利和机会而不必改变收入及资产分配结构，就可以解决贫困问题。
Section III Writing
写作分析
写作A是一篇邀请函，考生注意审读规定的情景和相应提纲，挖掘写作内容，做好字数方面的布局，然后按相应提纲逐项展开。写作时，要注意不同的写作对象和内容，注意语体措辞的得体性。
写作B是一篇图画作文，考生要审读标题提纲，看懂图画，确定文章的主题。然后再设定三段的写作内容。考生们写完自己的作文后，可参看并分析下面的范文，如，它是怎样展开三段的内容的，又用了那些句式和词汇去表达内容，从中汲取写作的营养。
参考范文
Part A
Dear Dr. King,
The Department of Computer Science of Beijing University would like to extend to you an invitation to be our guest speaker at the annual conference to be held at the speech hall of our department at nine o'clock, Saturday morning, November 11th, 2004.
As you know, the department is interested in the future development of the computer science. Since you are very familiar with the field, we know your views will be extremely interesting to us all.
You will receive further details later, but we would appreciate having your acceptance soon so we may complete our agenda.
Cordially,
Li Ming
Part B
China is now witnessing a new surge of interest in going to all sorts of night schools or training classes. As is shown in the pictures, lots of people are flocking to English classes while others are rushing to attend lectures on WTO. They all look happy and eager to go to the classes even after a whole day's work.
This enthusiasm for new knowledge can be attributed to the obvious reason that the government's policy of Open-up to the World and particularly China's access to WTO. These have given a fresh impetus to China's trade and exchange with foreign countries. China's trade volume with the world has, reportedly, reached an unprecedented $500 billion and cultural exchanges with other countries are being carried on an increasingly larger scale. The new situation requires that people have to learn more about WTO rules and of course they must also acquire a solid knowledge of English. Otherwise, they may find it difficult to trade or exchange with foreign countries efficiently. They may lose the competition in the process of globalization.
Undoubtedly, China's open policy and the globalization of the world are both irreversible and more and more Chinese will find it necessary to acquire new knowledge and skills. Therefore, more and more people will be going to various training classes or lectures in the years to come.
找找不易，如有用，望采纳
B. 初中英语阅读理解及答案解析
卖雨伞的老人
Yesterday evening, when I went to town with my mother, we met a strange old man. It was raining hard and we had no umbrella(伞). We were trying to get into a taxi when he came up to us. He was carrying a nice umbrella and he said that he would give it to us for only a pound. He had forgotten his wallet, he said, needed taxi-fare(出租汽车费) to go back home. My mother didn’t believe what he had said at first, and asked him a lot of questions. But the old man didn’t get into a taxi. We followed(跟随) him and found he went into a pub(小酒店) and bought himself a glass of whiskey (威士忌) with the pound. After he drank it, he put on his hat and took up one of the many wet umbrellas there and went off with the new one. Soon after that, he sold it again.
1. The old man sold an umbrella to the writer and her mother.
2. He gave it to them for only a pound because he had forgotten his wallet and needed taxi fare to go back home.
3. The umbrella was worth more than one pound.
4. The old man sold his own umbrella.
5. He was an honest man.
参考答案与解析：
1. A 推理判断题。虽然文中不可直接找到答案，但由后文的bought himself a glass of whiskey (威士忌) with the pound.中pound前用的是the(那) 和he sold it again中的again(又)可推断出，作者和他母亲买了那个老人的伞。
2. B 事实细节题。由文中所述这个老人收钱后并没乘taxi回家，而是去pub喝酒可知。
3. A 推理判断题。他要将伞卖给作者时说for only a pound中的only可以推断，那把伞不只值1英镑。
4. B推理判断题。这个老头先卖给了作者一把伞，可是他喝酒后又took up one of the many wet umbrellas there，并将其很快卖掉，由此推断卖的并不是他自己的伞，而是别人的伞。
5. B推理判断题。这个老人原来说卖伞乘taxi回家，事实上是上pub喝酒，后来又拿别的'雨伞去卖掉，由此可推断他是不诚实的
为儿童制定法律的益处
In general，laws for children are a good thing.
One hundred years ago in instrial countries, children worked 18 hours a day in a factory at age seven. The factory owner could beat a child who fell asleep or was not fast enough. Both parents and teachers could do the same.
Today, there are many laws about children all over the world. Some people think children must obey rules or they should be punished，others do not agree. The Inuits or Eskimos in Alaska almost never punish their children. The parents don’t hit them. If the children go too far，the parents punish them by making fun of them.
Children in other parts of the world are not as lucky as Eskimo children. American parents can spank(打……臀部) their children at home，but a teacher cannot hit a child in a public school. This is also true in Germany. In contrast(对比), it is against the law for anyone to hit a child in Sweden. Swedish parents cannot spank their children. The children also have a special government official who works for their rights. There is even a plan for children to divorce from their parents though this is not a law yet!
根据短文内容回答下列各问题。
16. How were children treated in instrial countries 100years ago?
________________________________________.
17. What does the author mean by “go too far?”
________________________________________.
18. Can a teacher in Germany hit his students in public school?
________________________________________.
19. What kind of people can beat children in Sweden?
__________________________________________.
20. What does it mean by “a plan for children to divorce from their parents?”
_________________________________________.
参考答案与解析：
【文章大意】通常而言，为儿童制定法律是件好事。100多年前，在工业国家，7岁大的孩子在工厂一天要工作18小时，工厂的老板可以打小孩，家长和老师们也可以这样做。今天世界上有很多保护儿童的法律。有些人认为儿童应该遵纪守法，否则就要受到惩罚。其他人则不同，爱斯基摩人从不惩罚儿童。如果孩子们做得太过份了，父母亲用开玩笑的方式来惩罚他们。在其他地方则不同，美国的家长可以在家打孩子的屁股，但老师不能在学校打学生。德国跟美国一样。但在瑞士任何人都不能打孩子，并有专门的政府部门来维护孩子们的权利。
16. They were treated very badly.
17. Do something too much.
18. No, he can’t.
19. None can do that.
20. A plan for ending the children’s relationship with their parents.
怎么交朋友
Its hard to make friends if you stay at home alone all the time. Get out of the house and do things that will put you in touch with(接触) other people. It's easier to make friends when you have similar interests.
Don't be afraid to show people what youre really good at. Talk about the things you like and do best. People will be interested in you if there is something interesting about you.
Look at people in the eye when you talk to them. That way, they'll find it easier to talk to you, or people may think you're not interested in them and may stop being interested in you.
Be a good listener. Let people talk about themselves before talking about “me, me, me”. Ask lots of questions. Show an interest in their answers.
Try to make friends with the kind of people you really like, respect (尊敬), and admire (羡慕)—not just with those who are easy to meet. Be friendly with a lot of people. That way, you'll have a bigger group of people to choose from and have more chances for making friends.
1. How can we have more friends, get in touch with other people or stay at home?
2. When Jim talks to people, he always looks right, left, or at the floor. Do you think it's right? Why or why not?
3. Cindy always talks about herself when she talks to other people. What advice (it'80 do you think she needs to follow?
4. What should you do if you want to have more chances for making friends?
5. What's the main idea of the passage?
参考答案与解析：
1. Get in touch with other people.回答选择问句不能用Yes或No来回答，而是从选项中选择一项进行回答。本题答案由第1段前两句可知。
2. No. / I don't think so. Because people may think he's not interested in them. / Because he should look at people in the eye. / Because it's impolite / not polite 可在第3段找到答案。
3. Be a good listener. / Let people talk about themselves before talking about “her, her, her.” / Listen to other people first 可根据第4段的内容来回答。
4. Be friendly with other (a lot of) people. / Try to make friends with the kind of people you really like, respect and admire—not just with those who are easy to meet. / Get out to meet other people.
5. How to make friends / To make friends / Make friends. / Making friends根据首尾段即可概括出
C. 初中英语语法之名词用法和解析
初中英语语法之名词用法和解析
名词意义及用法
ble, ice, ck, flag... 这些简单的英语单词，它们的名词意义就算对初学英语者来说也一定是小菜一碟，但老外经常把它们当做动词用，它们的动词意义和用法你知道吗？
1. table：名词，桌子；当动词用，是指开会时延期讨论提案等，也就是暂缓审议。（to postpone discussion of a bill or suggestion until future time); 例如：
They tabled the motion at the meeting.
I made the motion and he seconded it.（我提案，他同意。) (second 这里是动词，意思是赞成；to second the motion 也就是附议）
We are tabling this matter until further notice.（我们延期讨论这件事，以后再说。）
2. pride：名词，荣誉；当动词用，是洞胡指感到得意或自豪。（to take pride in something）例如：
We prided ourselves on our good work. (我们为自己工作的表现而自豪。)
I have long prided myself on being a good teacher. (我一向以身为一名称职的老师?而自豪。)
注意：to pride oneself on和 to be proud of 或 to take pride in 意思相近，只是用法和后面所跟的介词不同而已。例如：
They take great pride in her daughter who is now a famous scientist.
I am very proud of being a Chinese.
3. carpet：名词搜启，地毯；当动词用，是覆盖的意思 。(to cover something) 例如：
The flower girls carpeted the floor with rose petals before the bride's entrance. (新娘进来前，花童将玫瑰花瓣撒满了地板。)
During the winter time my roof is carpeted with white snow. (冬天时我家的屋顶盖满了白雪。)
4. floor：名词，地板；当动词用，是踩足汽车的油门，加速开车或使人惊讶。 (to press accelerator of a car to the floor in order to speed up; or to astonish someone) 例如：
As soon as I saw his gun, I floored my car. (我一见到他有枪，立即踩足油门加速开车。)
When you see a police car, don't floor it. (当你看到警车时，?开快车。)
The news really floored me; I hadn't been expecting it at all. （这个消息真使我吃惊地不知所措，世颤如这完全出乎我地意料。）
5. top：名词，顶端；做动词用，是做得更好，或高过某人。 (to do something better or to be taller than someone) 例如：
If he had tried harder, he could have topped his class. (假如他以前用功些，他会在班里（成绩）名列前茅的。)
The tax-cut issue will top today's agenda. (减税问题将是今天的主要议题。)
Mr. Lin tops me by three inches. (林先生比我高三?)
6. flag：名词，旗帜；当动词用，是指打旗号或做手势来传达讯息。 (to give signal for communication) 例如：
When my car broke down, I flagged a police car. (当我的汽车抛锚的时候，我打了个信号招来一辆警车。)
The beach life-guards usually flag one another for communication. (海滨救生员通常用旗号传达讯息。)
7. bridge：名词，桥梁、桥牌；当动词用，是连接或沟通的意思。(to connect) 例如：
The parents are trying to bridge the generation gap with their children. (父母都在设法弥合与儿女的代沟。)
These tax reforms are attempt to bridge the gap between the rich and poor. （这些税收改革旨在弥合贫富之间的差距。）
8. club：名词，俱乐部、高尔夫球棒；当动词用，意思是用棍棒打人。(to beat someone with a stick) 例如：
The security officer should not club any suspect who does not resist arrest. (保安人员对任何没有拒捕的嫌犯都不该用棍棒殴打。)
I saw the police clubbing a suspected robber. (我看到警察用棍棒打了那个抢劫嫌疑犯。)
初中英语阅读技巧
根据教育部制定的英语课程标准，初中毕业生应达到五级综合语言运用能力。阅读理解是综合语言运用能力的一个重要方面，在中考中所占比重越来越大，这是拉开档次的题目。
阅读理解五级的目标部分描述如下：
1、能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义；
2、能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系；
3、能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局；
4、能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料；
5、能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息；
6、除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上（上海的要求更高一些，30万词以上）所谓阅读能力是
指视读能力、理解能力和对所读材料的评价能力。
阅读理解考查的项目大多是根据这三种能力的要求设计的。为了提高阅读理解能力，同学们在做阅读理解时，就要在以下几个方面下功夫：
（一）要注意养成良好的阅读心理阅读时要去掉杂念，心绪要安定，精神要专一，要形成一种惬意的顺向心理。造成大脑皮层的优势兴奋中心。切不可一遇到几个生词难句，就心烦意乱，失去自控能力。心理学家告诉我们，任何恐慌，过分紧张的情绪都会形成一种消极因素妨碍大脑的正常思维功能。因此，遇到困难一定要从容不迫，心无旁骛。这样才能对所读的文章印象清晰，理解深刻。
（二）要提高视读的速度考阅读理解，从另一个方面来说，考的是考试速度。2002年上海英语中考阅读理解文章每篇均达到400词左右。慢读是不行的。因此做阅读理解时，要注意培养自己快速阅读的习惯。阅读时眼球总是不断地移动停顿移动着。理解是在眼停的瞬间进行的。我们要使眼停的时间相对增加，就要扩大视读的广度，把逐词逐句的点式阅读变成一次扫描一句的线式阅读，并且把看到的东西迅速报告给大脑，形成眼脑较快的直映能力。切不可在个别难懂的词句上磨蹭，只要全篇理解了，个别难懂的词句可以根据上下文和构词法去猜测，去推断。
（三）阅读时要注意培养语感所谓语感是指人们对语言中词语搭配及句型结构的熟练程度。语感好的人，理解力就强，视读的速度就快。阅读时要留心词语的搭配，即惯用法。必要时可用笔划一划或记下来。读完每一篇文章，都应总结归纳一下，积累了多少单词，惯用法和句型，这样语感自然就会好起来。
（四）读完一篇文章后，要回味一番对文章的段落结构，中心思想，人物事件，论点论据要做到心中有数。对不清楚的地方可以再看几次。要留心关键词句，注意弦外之音。对文章的评价分析，一定要坚持词不离句，句不离篇，要理解文章作者的`原意，而不能按你自己的意愿去想当然。切记：一想当然，就会出错。
如果文章太长，你可以先把文章后面的问题看一遍，带着问题去看文章。这样可以帮助你去掉杂念，提高阅读速度和解题的正确性。要善于找关键句，特别要注意文章的第一段和最后一段的头一句话，往往就是关键句，可以帮助你掌握文章的全貌，理解文章的主题。此外，还应该细读文章，因为有时的试题是考细节。可以边读边用铅笔做点标记，把有关的人物，事件，时间，地点，原因（即五个W，who，what，when，where，why）划出来。凡逢人物就圈起来，看完一数，有几个圈就是几个人，一目了然。
详解阅读题——传教士的讲题
A preacher was asked to give a talk at a local women's health symposium. His wife asked about his topic, but he was too embarrassed to admit that he had been asked to speak about sex. Thinking quickly, he replied, "I'm talking about sailing."
"Oh, that's nice," said his wife.
The next day, at the grocery store, a young woman who had attended the lecture recognized the minister's wife. "That was certainly an excellent talk your husband gave yesterday, " she said. "He really has a unique perspective on the subject." Somewhat chagrined, the minister' s wife replied, "Gee, funny you should think so. I mean, he's only done it twice. The first time he threw up, and the second time, his hat blew off."
Notes:
(1) preacher n.传教士
(2) symposium n 初中英语. 专题研讨会
(3) embarrassed adj. 局促不安的
(4) grocery n. 杂货业
(5) unique adj. 独特的
(6) perspective n. 观点；看法
(7) chagrined adj. 懊恼的
(8) throw up 呕吐
Exercises:
根据短文判断正确下列句子：
① The preacher was asked to give a talk on sex.
② He was too shy to tell his wife the topic.
③ The young woman told the minister's wife the real topic he had spoken about.
④ The young woman thought the preacher had his unique idea on sex.
⑤ The preacher's wife thought the young woman was praising the preacher for his wide knowledge on sailing.
传教士的讲题
一位传教士应邀在当地的妇女专题研讨会上作报告。他的妻子问及他的讲题，他要是供认他应邀讲性的话，他会无地自容的。他飞快地思索，回答说：我要讲关于航海的。
噢，那好极了，他妻子说。
第二天，在杂货店，一位听过讲座的年轻妇女认出了牧师的妻子。你丈夫昨天讲得确实好极了，她说，在那个问题上他确有独到的见解。牧师妻子显出有些懊恼地回答说：唧，你这样认为真是好笑。我是说他仅仅做过两次。第一次他呕吐了，第二次他的帽子被吹掉了。
练习参考答案：
①T②T③F④T⑤T
初中英语语法大全精讲之被动语态的用法
被动语态的用法：
① 不知道谁是动作的执行者(即不知道谁做)时用被动语态,省略by短语。如：A man was killed in the accident.(一个人死于事故)/ This window was broken yesterday.(这扇窗子是昨天被打破的)
②不说或者众所周知是谁做时,用被动语态,省略by短语。如：Rice is also grown in this place.(这个地方也种水稻)/ A railroad will be built here in three years.(三年之后这里将要修建一条铁路)
③强调动作的承受者,句尾加by短语。如：It was written by Lu Xun.(它(书)是鲁迅写的)/ A pet dog is never killed by its owner.(宠物狗是不会被主人宰杀的)
初中英语名词概念的语法大全
【名词概念的】名词一把死拿可以分为专有名词和普通名词两种名词属性，下面就是对它的具体介绍。
名词
名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词 (Common Nouns），专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：
1）个体名词（Indivial Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。
2）集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。
3）物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。
4）抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。
个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（Countable Nouns），物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。
英语作文万能句子大全（1）
【万能句子大全（1）】对于英语作文学习中，记住万能句子是很有必要的。
万能句子大全（1）
1. as soon as 一…就…
2. (not) as/so…as 不如
3. as…as possible 尽可能地
4. ask sb for sth.. 请求，要求
5. ask/tell sb. (how) to do sth. 请教/告诉某人如何做…
6. ask/tell sb. (not) to do sth. 请/告诉某人做/不做某事
通过上面对万能句子大全的介绍，希望同学们对上面的句子能很好的记住，并在写作中很好的运用。
if 和 whether用法
whether和if用法相同吗？
［］有时相同，有时不同。 whether和if都可作宾语从句的引导词，意为是否，在一般情况下可以互换。if多用于口语和非正式文体中，whether则多用于比较正式的文体中。例如：
She asked me if／whether I could help her with if 和 whether用法 her English．她问我是否能帮她学。
I don't know if／whether it is going to rain．我不知道是否会下雨。
它们之间的相同点我已明白。它们之间有什么不同呢？
［老师］在下列六种情况下，只能用whether，不能用 if：
1．在带to的动词不定式前。例如：
She hasn't decided whether to go or not．她还没有决定去还是不去。
He doesn't know whether to go to the cinema or to watch TV at home．他不知道是去看电影还是在家看电视。
2．在介词后面。例如：
I'm thinking of whether we should go fishing．我在想我们是否该去钓鱼。
I'm not interested in whether she'll come or not．她来不来，我不感。
3．直接与or not连用时。例如：
I can't say whether or no the will come on time．他能否准时来，我说不准。
I don't know whether or not they will come to help us．我不知道他们是否会来帮助我们。
4．在动词discuss后面的宾语从句中。例如：
We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week．我们讨论下周我们是否举行运动会。
5．宾语从句提前时只能用whether。例如：
Whether this if 和 whether用法 is true or not，I can't say．这是不是真的，我说不准。
6．引导位于句首的主语从句或表语从句用 whether。例如：
Whether he is right or wrong is a question．他是对还是错仍是个问题。
The question was whether he went there last night．问题是他昨晚去没去那里。
那么，在什么情况下用if不用whether呢？
［老师］在下面三种情况下用if不用whether：
1．引导条件状语从句，if意为如果时，不可用 whether代替。例如：
We will go swimming if it is fine tomorrow．如果明天天气好，我们将去游泳。
We'll go hiking ifit doesn't rain tomorrow．如果明天不下雨，我们将去徒步旅行。
2．引导否定概念的宾语从句时一般用if。例如：
He asked me if I hadn't finished my homework．他问我是否没有完成作业。
3．状语从句中的even if（即使）和as if（好像）中的if不能用whether来替代。例如：
I'll not let you watch TV even if you're free．即使你有空，我也不让你看电视。
He talks as if he knew all about it．他说话的口气好像他全部都已知道了。
OK，讲了这么多，不知你听明白了吗？
听明白了。Thank you，sir．
;D. 初中英语阅读理解训练题及答案
初中英语阅读理解训练题及答案
初中是指九年义务教育的中学，所传授的知识高于小学，低于大学，处于“中等地位”。为了帮助大家学习初中英语，我分享了一些初中英语阅读理解，欢迎阅读!
怎么交朋友
Its hard to make friends if you stay at home alone all the time. Get out of the house and do things that will put you in touch with(接触) other people. It's easier to make friends when you have similar interests.
Don't be afraid to show people what youre really good at. Talk about the things you like and do best. People will be interested in you if there is something interesting about you.
Look at people in the eye when you talk to them. That way, they'll find it easier to talk to you, or people may think you're not interested in them and may stop being interested in you.
Be a good listener. Let people talk about themselves before talking about “me, me, me”. Ask lots of questions. Show an interest in their answers.
Try to make friends with the kind of people you really like, respect (尊敬), and admire (羡慕)—not just with those who are easy to meet. Be friendly with a lot of people. That way, you'll have a bigger group of people to choose from and have more chances for making friends.
1. How can we have more friends, get in touch with other people or stay at home?
2. When Jim talks to people, he always looks right, left, or at the floor. Do you think it's right? Why or why not?
3. Cindy always talks about herself when she talks to other people. What advice (it'80 do you think she needs to follow?
4. What should you do if you want to have more chances for making friends?
5. What's the main idea of the passage?
参考答案与解析：
1. Get in touch with other people.回答选择问句不能用Yes或No来回答，而是从选项中选择一项进行回答。本题答案由第1段前两句可知。
2. No. / I don't think so. Because people may think he's not interested in them. / Because he should look at people in the eye. / Because it's impolite / not polite 可在第3段找到答案。
3. Be a good listener. / Let people talk about themselves before talking about “her, her, her.” / Listen to other people first 可根据第4段的.内容来回答。
4. Be friendly with other (a lot of) people. / Try to make friends with the kind of people you really like, respect and admire—not just with those who are easy to meet. / Get out to meet other people.
5. How to make friends / To make friends / Make friends. / Making friends根据首尾段即可概括出。
低温冷冻学
Some people want to be shot into space after their death, others want to lie deep under the sea. But most people want to go into the freezer(冷藏库).These are believers in cryogenics(低温冷冻学).
Now some diseases can’t be cured, but they may be cured sometime in the future. So some people hope that their bodies can be frozen after they die. When a cure is found, warm up his or her body, bring it back to life and take the cure. Once the body is frozen, it is kept in liquid nitrogen(液态氮) at a temperature of 328 degrees below zero.
Now around a thousand people are going to take cryogenic treatment(处理), though most scientists say it won’t work. If we freeze huge creatures(生物) like humans, every one of their cells(细胞) will be broken. Can they be brought back to life in the future?
根据短文内容回答下列各问题。
7. Where do most people hope that their bodies are kept after their death?
_________________________________________
8. Why do they want the world to keep their bodies well?
_________________________________________
9. How do scientists usually keep a dead man’s body?
_________________________________________
10. How many people are going to take cryogenic treatment after they die?
___________________________________________
参考答案与解析：
【文章大意】有些人死后想被发射到太空去，有些人想被深埋在海底之下，但多数人想要被低温冷冻。现在有些疾病不能治疗，但到了将来它们可能会被治好。于是有些人希望死后尸体能被冷冻起来，等找到了治疗方法，再让他们复活。尽管大多数科学家认为这种方法不起作用，还是有1,000多人准备接受低温冷冻。
7. In the freezer.
8. They hope that they can come back to life one day.
9. They usually keep it in liquid nitrogen at a temperature of 328 degrees below zero.
10. Around 1.000 people.
机器时代带来的经济危机
Most people want to work, but it has become more difficult in today’s world to find work for everyone. The economy (经济) of the world needs to grow by 4% each year just to keep the old number of jobs for people. Often this is not possible, and so more people are out of work. Some people have no jobs now because new machines can do the work of many people in short time. Also, machines do not ask for more money and longer holiday. In all of the countries of the world, machines are taking work from people, not only in factories but also on the farms. One machine can often do the work from forty people. About 75,000 people are moving to the cities a day to look for jobs, but only 70% of them can find jobs.
1. It was _______ for people to find work before than today.
A. not possible B. difficult C. more difficult D. easier
2. If the economy of the world grows by 4% each year, _______.
A. people will have no jobs B. people can still have jobs as before
C. 4% of the people will have jobs D. 97% of the people will have jobs
3. One machine can do as much work as _______.
A. 40% of the people B. 4% of the people in the world
C. 40 people D. 75,000 people
4. How many people outside cities go into to look for jobs each day?
A. 70% of the people. B. 4% of the people in the world.
C. More than 75,000. D. About 75,000 people.
5. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Machines are taking work instead of people.
B. Now more people are out of work.
C. Machines need more money and longer holidays.
D. Most people want to have jobs.
参考答案与解析：
1. 由短文的第一句话It has become more difficult in today’s world to find work for everyone. 可知现在找工作比以前更困难，即以前找工作比现在容易得多。所以答案选D。
2. 由短文的第二句话The economy of the world needs to grow by 4% each year just to keep the old number of jobs for the people. 准确地理解了这一句话的意思就能得出正确答案为B。
3. 由短文的倒数第二句话One machine can often do the work of forty people.可知此题的正确答案为C。
4. 此题根据原文的最后一句话可直接得出答案为D。
5. 此题在原文中都可找到答案，而C答案与作者的观点Machines do not ask for more money and longer holiday.不一致，所以选C。
;E. 初中英语阅读理解有10题还是15题
15题。从近几年的中考阅读理解情况看，短文体裁多样，题材各异，文章涉及科学知识、社会文化、政治历史、人文环境和日常生活等方面，充分体现其时代性、实用性。短文难度逐年加大。常见题型有主旨题、细节题、推断题、猜测词义题和正误判断题。
做阅读理解练习应先看问题，弄清考点。在阅读短文之前，快速浏览问题，以便在阅读短文时做到心中有数，快速、准确地捕捉所要信息。先易后难。做题时不必拘泥于书中所呈现的语篇顺序，应遵循先易后难的原则。如可先做细节题再做推断题，因为细节题大多能直接从文中找到答案，而推断题则需对短文进行深层理解，再作判断。
（一）主旨题
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主旨题主要考查学生对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握。做此类题时，应通读全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主题句的意义。短文往往围绕主题句展开，主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。
（二）细节题
细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。做此类题时，应快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、数字等，阅读时要有针对性。
（三）推断题
推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论，主要考查学生的理解力和推断力。这类推断通常包括：数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态度和倾向等的推断。做此类题时，
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应根据短文中的相关语句，对与事实有关的细节加以分析，找出线索，悟出字里行间的意思，反复比较，从而作出合乎逻辑的判断。
（四）猜测词义题
猜测词义题主要考查学生根据上下文正确判断灵活变化的词义能力。一般情况下，推断词义的题目中所出现的单词，大多数是学生未曾见过的生词，学生需要在该词出现的上下文中去寻找线索。通过阅读上下文，断定该词的真正含义，然后将这个释义代入文中，检查是否贴切，仔细比较直到得出该词的确切的含义。
（五）正误判断题
正误判断题主要考查学生对文章的具体事实
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、信息的理解能力。一般是根据文章的事实或细节，给出一个句子，判断其正误。这类题比较直接，难度相对较小。做此类题时，应先看题，后带着“问题”快速阅读短文，寻找所需要的信息。初中英语阅读理解题已成为评估学生英语水平的重要测试题型，在中考英语试卷中所占比重较大。阅读理解题主要是考查学生综合运用所学语言知识的能力，包括细节理解能力、词义判断能力、归纳概括能力及逻辑推理能力等。大致来说，阅读理解题主要针对如下方面：（1）个别词语或句子；（2）某一细节或情节；（3）主题；（4）背景知识；（5）结论或结局；（6）内涵隐意或寓意等。下面本人就根据阅读理解题的题型特点，来谈一些答题技巧。
一、直接理解题
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这种题目比较简单，只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节就可以解答出来，有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。此类题目的出题形式很多，例如：
（1）Which of the following statements is true ／false?
（2）Which of the following is（not）mentioned?
（3）How many ／How much ／Where ／How ／What……?
（4）What does the writer think about?
（5）Which is the right order of the events given in thepassage?
要快速辨认和记忆事实或细节，就需要恰当
第 5 页
地使用查阅的方法。查阅是读者在对材料有所了解的情况下进行的，它的特点是带着问题去寻找答案，往往与略读综合使用，具体方法与步骤如下：
（1）略读材料，了解原文大意，掌握其中心意思或主旨。
（2）按文章的体裁、作者写作的组织模式及有关信息词，如for example，first，second……预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。
（3）将自己的精力放在寻找所需要的细节上，快速通篇阅读，眼睛自左至右、自下而上呈Z形扫视，待找到含有相关细节的句子时，就要放慢速度，仔细核对，比较内容，直至找到答案。
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二、语义理解题
在阅读中，我们经常会遇到一些生词，需要根据上下文猜测它们的意思。此类问题考查学生紧扣原文，根据上下文语境判断单词、词语或短句意义的能力。常见的题型有：直接对生词进行解释；对多义词或短语在文章具体语言环境中的意义作出准确判断；对英语中的一些格言或谚语进行解释；对文中一些代词的指代对象作出界定等。这种题型常见的设题方式如下：
（1）The underlined word（phrase）in the passage means______.
（2）The word“it/them”in the first paragraph refers to______.
（3）The underlined sentence in the last pa
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ragraph means____.
（4）What does the underlined word“…”refer to______.
（5）By …the writer means______.
在做此类题时，考生应紧扣原文，根据上下文语境进行判断，切不要望文生义或断章取义，也不能只选择自己熟悉的意思。猜测词义的常见方法有：
1）根据构词法猜测词义；
（2）根据上下文猜测词义；
（3）根据定义或解释猜测词义；
（4）根据同义词、反义词以及对比关系猜测词义；
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（5）根据生活常识猜测词义。
三、逻辑推理题
推理判断试题属于深层阅读理解题。它要求考生尽量考虑文中全部信息或事实，在通篇理解文章的基础上，严格按照作者提供的信息推断出作者的言外之意。这种题型常见的设题方式有：
（1）From the text，it can be inferred that______.
（2）The passage suggests that______.
（3）Which of the following best describes______.
（4）The writer’s attitude towards…is______.
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（5）From the text，we learn that______.
这种题目有一定难度，解答时必须根据上下文及相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后，才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等文外之意加以推理。解此类题目可从以下几方面入手：
（1）根据常识判断。即解题时，除弄清文意外，还需借助生活常识、风土人情、传说掌故、名人轶事等进行判断。
（2）根据知识判断。即解题时，运用一些一般性知识，如天文、地理、文学、艺术、科技等自然科学和社会科学知识。
（3）根据计算判断。即解题时，运用一些数学知识进行和差、面积、体积、速度等方面
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的运算。
（4）根据情节判断。即解题时，从情节所提供的基本事实出发，寻找一定规律，如时间关系、条件关系、因果关系、比较关系、转折关系等作为推理根据。这种题目最容易出现，考生要从时间、地点、事件的情节安排与发展中，深入探讨其逻辑关系及隐喻、引申等因素。
四、归纳总结题
这种题型要求学生在理解全文的基础上，对文章进行归纳、概括或评价。解这种题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，如涉及文章的标题（title）、主题（main idea）、结论（conclusion）、结局（end）等有关问题，都需要在细读全文的基础上，
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结合所学语言知识进行逻辑思维、推理、判断，从而获取文章中的内在信息。常见的设题方式有：
（1）The general idea of the passage is about______.
2）The main idea of the article is______.
（3）The main purpose of this selection is______.
4）The passage suggests that______.
5）Which of the following best states the theme of thepassage?
具体解题时，应注意一些技巧：
（1）首先看短文的开头和结尾，确定短文题
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材，预测其内容。每段的第一句话往往会提供重要信息，可以帮助我们搜索各段落乃至整篇文章的大意。
（2）速读全文，整体理解短文大意，抓住关键词语，弄清文章的主旨。
（3）根据已知短文内容，着手解题。可先将文后的选择题看一下，然后带着问题再去阅读。这样做，一方面有助于对文章进一步理解，另一方面可以有针对性地从文章中寻找答案。
（4）迅速复读全文，检查自己的理解是否正确，所选答案是否前后矛盾。通过全面考虑，最后确定答案。
一.教学大纲对阅读理解的要求
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(一)初中英语教学大纲对学生阅读上的基本要求：
1.能阅读难度相当于课文的材料，理解其大意。
2.能独立阅读所学语言知识范围内的材料，生词率不超过3%。
3.阅读速度要求每分钟50-70词。
(二)中考阅读理解的考点
1.文章的话题—略读文章，领会文章大意的题。
2.文章的中心题—归纳，概括的能力。
3.文章的细节—扫读或细读文章，以获得某些特地信息或准确的寻找所需细节的能力。
第 14 页
4.文章的寓意，结论-领会作者的言外之意或推断出文章的结论。
5.生词词意，猜词—对生词词意的判断能力。
(三)中考阅读理解考察的文体
1.记叙文—抓住人物，地点，时间，情节发展线索。
2.说明文—要以事物为中心进行思考。抓住事物的特征，用途，相互关系等。
(四)解题思路与技巧
1.快速浏览全文，掌握大意。
2.仔细审题，分析比较选项。
3.带着问题复读，捕捉关键信息，解答问题。
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4.再读全文，核对答案。
二.阅读理解题型及解题技巧
从近几年的中考阅读理解情况看，短文体裁多样，题材各异，文章涉及科学知识、社会文化、政治历史、人文环境和日常生活等方面，
充分体现其时代性、实用性。短文难度逐年加大。常见题型有主旨题、细节题、推断题、猜测词义题和正误判断题。
做阅读理解练习应先看问题，弄清考点。在阅读短文之前，快速浏览问题，以便在阅读短文时做到心中有数，快速、准确地捕捉所要信息。先易后难。做题时不必拘泥于书中所呈现的语篇顺序，应遵循先易后难的原则。如可先做细节题再做推断题，因为细节
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题大多能直接从文中找到答案，而推断题则需对短文进行深层理解，再作判断。
(一)主旨题
主旨题主要考查学生对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握。做此类题时，应通读全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主题句的意义。短文往往围绕主题句展开，主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。
(二)细节题
细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。做此类题时，应快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、数字等，阅读时要有针对性。
(三)推断题
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推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论，主要考查学生的理解力和推断力。这类推断通常包括：数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态度和倾向等的推断。做此类题时，应根据短文中的相关语句，对与事实有关的细节加以分析，找出线索，悟出字里行间的意思，反复比较，从而作出合乎逻辑的判断。
(四)猜测词义题
猜测词义题主要考查学生根据上下文正确判断灵活变化的词义
能力。一般情况下，推断词义的题目中所出现的单词，大多数是学生未曾见过的生词，学生需要在该词出现的上下文中去寻找线索。通过阅读上下文，断定该词的真正含义，
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然后将这个释义代入文中，检查是否贴切，仔细比较直到得出该词的确切的含义。
1.通过因果关系猜词
通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等等)表示前因后果。例如：
You shouldn't have blamed him for that，for it wasn't his fault.通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错)，可猜出blame的词义是"责备"。
2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词
通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的
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同义词词组，如happy and gay，即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均为生词，但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都
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F. 初中英语阅读后填空题，要10篇，急求！
Dear editor,
Why do newspapers have so many advertisements for electronic(电子的)equipment? Last Sunday I counted ads. for seven kinds of televisions and thirteen kinds of radios in the Youth Journal. Besides that, there were pages and pages of ads. for Citizens’ Band radios and tape recorders.
Don’t you realize what electronic equipment is doing to our daily life? Everywhere you go you may hear loud music and advertisements over radios; this continuous noise is doing harm to our ears. Husbands don’t talk to wives any more; they are always watching the news or a ball game. Children’s eyes become hurt with endless hours of watching not only the programs for children but also those for grown-ups as well. And worse, hidden microphones find out our personal lives, and computers keep records of personal information about us。
That is enough! I think you should limit the amount of advertising of electronic equipment in the Youth Journal, or it will make life unbearable(难以忍受的)for us all.
1. Youth Journal is the name of _________. .
A. a department star B. a shop that sells electronic equipment
C. a local newspaper D. a hotel where the writer stayed
2. What problems does Jason Smith think radio causes?
A. It has too many programs for advertising. B. It makes husbands talk little to wives.
C. It gives too much loud music. D. Its noise does harm to our ears.
3. Electronic equipment causes all the following problems EXCEPT that_________.
A. personal information is given to strangers. B. children’s eyes are harmed
C. news of the world is given to all people D. family members don’t talk to each other
4. It is NOT mentioned but implied(暗示)that _________. .
A. some kinds of electronic equipment are bad for our personal lives
B. watching too much TV hurts children’s eyes
C. some kinds of electronic equipment cause social problems
D. television has had effects on both grown-ups and children
5. From the letter, we know that _________.
A. the editor agrees with Jason Smith
B. the editor likes the electronic equipment ads
C. the editor doesn’t like the electronic equipment ads
D. Jason Smith doesn’t like the electronic equipment ads
America has had many presidents who have been famous all over the world. People from other countries know the names Washington, Kennedy and so on. However, many men who have served as President of the United States have not been famous in other parts of the world. One example is J.Q. Adams, the sixth man to serve as U.S. President.
Very little happened while Adams was President. It was an unhappy time for him, and he wasn’t very effective, when his term ended, he went back to the Congress and served as a representative(众议院议员). While he was in Congress, people began to respect him more than they had done while he was President. Adams was strongly against slavery and tried to outlaw it in Washington D. C. . People began to look back on his presidency with a different view. Now they saw that he was an independent man with high ideal who loved his country and hated slavery. Adams died in 1848 while speaking in the House of Representative.
6. When Adams served as the sixth U.S. President .
A. his people didn’t regard him as a great man
B. he tried a lot of means to get rid of slavery
C. his high ideal made an impression on American people
D. he did a lot of things against laws
7. In fact, American people came to love Adams .
A. whether he was president or not B. when he was not a president
C. before his term ended D. when he first became a representative
8. Which of the following can show the author’s true attitude?
A. Adams had ability, but he had no chance to show it.
B. As a president, Adams was unfit for his work..
C. Adams was not an effective man.D. Adams was worth respecting.
9. In your judgement, compared with Adams. Lincoln .
A. was not a world-famous president B. seemed to be an unimportant president
C. was a well-known president D. had the same fact as Adams
10. Choose the best title for this passage.
A. Unfit Presidents B. President Who Set Slavery Free
C. Unknown Presidents D. Famous President, Adams
An old man was going home late one night with his horse and cart after a day’s hard work. When he was not far from his house, the light on the cart went out. He tried but could not mend (修理) it. He was near his home, and so he went along the road without a light. When a policeman saw this, he stopped the old carter. “Where is your light?” asked the policeman. “No man may take a cart along the road at night without a light. You know that. You have broken the law (法律).” “I had a light, but it has just gone out,” said the old man. “I don’t believe that story,” said the policeman. He took out a book and got ready to write. What’s your name and where do you live?” he asked. “Please don’t take my name,” said the old man. “My home is just there. You can see it from here. I had a light nearly the whole way. I haven’t come far without a light.” “You came all the way without a light. What’s your name?” The carter quickly took the policeman’s hand and put it down on top of the light. The light was still hot and burnt the policeman’s hand. The policeman jumped and he was very angry. “Now, what do you think?” said the carter. “Did I come all the way without a light?” ( )
1. In the passage the word “cart” is ____.
A. something like a car B. something like a light C. something pulled by a horse D. something with a light
7. The old man drove home ____.
A. on the back of his horse B. late one night C. very late every night
D. with a policeman
8. Where did the policeman stop the old man? A. Near the old man’s home. B. At the traffic lights. C. Under a road light. D. Far from the old man’s home.
9. The cart was stopped by the policeman because ____. A. the old man didn’t have a light B. the policeman didn’t believe the old man’s words C. the old man didn’t want to tell his name D. the light on the old man’s cart was not on
10. What made the policeman believe the old man’s words? A. He made the policeman touch the light. B. He jumped and shouted angrily. C. He made the policeman angry. D. The light burnt the policeman’s hands.
G. 英语试题！！
一、从A、B、C、D 中找出其划线部分与其他单词划线部分读音不同的选项。
〔 〕1. A. where B. care C. air D. were
〔 〕2. A. shout B. about C. south D. group
〔 〕3. A. party B. young C. yes D. year
〔 〕4. A. whose B. why C. when D. where
〔 〕5. A. post B. watch C. stop D. hospital
〔 〕6. A. shall B. wash C. machine D. school
〔 〕7. A. cup B. bus C. student D. but
〔 〕8. A. girl B. bag C. orange D. great
二、根据要求完成下列各项。
A.写出下列动词的单数第三人称、现在分词、过去式。
1. think ___________ ___________ ____________
2. wash ___________ ___________ ____________
3. buy ___________ ____________ ____________
4. get ____________ ____________ ____________
5. do ___________ _____________ ____________
6. teach ___________ ____________ ___________
B.写出下列词的比较级和最高级。(1×4＝4分)
1. many ____________________________________
2. hungry ___________________________________
3. bad ______________________________________
4. cheap ____________________________________
三、选择答案。
〔 〕1. Did you finish _______ that letter last night?
A. writing B. writeing
C. write D. to wirte
〔 〕2. She is strict _______ her work.
A. on B. to help
C. in D. by
〔 〕3. Let us _______ the farmers with their work.
A. help B. to help
C. helping D. helps
〔 〕4. Mr. Wang asked the children _______ and listen to him.
A. to stop playing games
B. to stop to play games
C. stopping playing games
D. stop playing games
〔 〕5. The third month of the year is _______.
A. February B. March
C. April D. September
〔 〕6. How does your father _______ to work?
A. goes B. went
C. is D. go
〔 〕7. Is your sister free tomorrow?
No, she is going _______ a football game.
A. to look at B. to see
C. to watch D. to have a look at
〔 〕8. Where _______ you last Sunday morning?
A. are B. was
C. were D. did
〔 〕9. _______ does he go to see his mother?
A. How much B. How often
C. How many D. How long
〔 〕10. A: May I use your chair?
B: Certainly, _______.
A. Here it is B. Here they are
C. Give you D. Here you are
〔 〕11. A: Must we clean the classroom now?
B: No, you _______.
A. mustn't B. may not
C. can't D. needn't
〔 〕12. Does your sister enjoy _______ games after class?
A. to play B. to playing
C. plays D. playing
〔 〕13. What lessons did you _______ yesterday afternoon?
A. had B. has
C. have D. having
〔 〕14. You must look after _______ and keep healthy.
A. yours B. your
C. you D. yourself
〔 〕15. He'd better _______ English in the morning.
A. read B. to read
C. reading D. reads
〔 〕16. Li Ming sings better than _______ boys in his class.
A. others B. other
C. any other D. the others
〔 〕17. A: Were you tired after the sport meet?
B: Yes, but only ______.
A. a few B. few
C. a little D. little
〔 〕18. There isn't _______ at the bus stop.
A. people B. some persons
C. anyone D. somebody
〔 〕19. Our English teacher often _______ English in class.
A. speaking B. talks
C. says D. speaks
〔 〕20. I'd like him _______ my old friends.
A. meet B. to meet
C. meeting D. for metting
四、填空。
1. This box is _______ (heavy) than that one.
2. Tom is one of _______ (short) in his class.
3. There are _______ (many) students in our class than in that class.
4. It's time _______ class.
5. Shall we go there _______ bus?
6. _______ my way to school I met Wei Fang.
7. He was late _______ class last Friday.
8. He often helps us _______ our homework.
五、用动词的适当形式填空。
1. Who _______ (carry) the heavy box two minutes ago?
2. We _______ (come) home from work at half past six last night.
3. They _______ (play) football tomorrow afternoon.
4. She usually _______ (go) to bed at ten. But last night she _______ (be) late, because she _______ (not catch) the train.
六、根据题目要求完成下列各项。
1. Wei Fang Cleaned their classroom yesterday afternoon.
(对划线部分提问)
__________________________________________________
2. They had a short rest after school. (变否定句)
____________________________________________________
3. She went to bed before twenty past eleven last night.
(对划线部分提问)
__________________________________________________
4. They put the baskets of oranges on the truck yesterday morning.
(对划线部分提问)
__________________________________________________
5. Tom is cooking supper with his mother. (对划线部分提问)
__________________________________________________
七、完成下列对话。
A: What day _______ yesterday?
B: It _______ Friday.
A: Do you know the _______ yesterday?
B: Yes, it was September tenth.
A: _______ classes _______ you _______ yesterday afternoon?
B: I _______ two English classes.
A: _______ _______ you _______ after school?
B: I went to the park.
A: _______ did you reach there?
B: I reached there _______ bus.
A: _______ did you reach there?
B: I _______ there _______ half past eight.
A: _______ you _______ a good time in the park?
B: Yes, I _______.
A: Are you going there next Sunday?
B: No. I ______ busy all the time. I have quite a lot of homework ______ do.
八、阅读理解。
A man was walking in the park with his dog. Then he saw his friend with a dog. The two began talking and the dogs ran off together (一起). After a few minutes they became (变得) worried (焦虑). "I want to know where Hannibal is." he said. "I want to know where Cleopatro is." she said.
They went to look for their dogs, but they couldn't find them. Three days later the man telephoned (打电话) his friend. "Did your dog come home?" he said. "Yes." she answered. "How did you find it?" "I put an advertisement (广告) in the newspaper and I got it back the next day. Why don't you try (试) that?" "I can't put an advertisement in the newspaper." he said. "Why not?" "Because Hannibal can't read."
根据上文判断下列句子正误。对画√，错画×。
〔 〕1. Two friends and their dogs met in the street.
〔 〕2. The two friends talked together and their dogs ran
off together.
〔 〕3. A few minutes later they became worried because they
couldn't see their dogs.
〔 〕4. The woman's dog could read but the man's dog couldn't.
九、完形填空。
There is a big tree 1 my house. A black bird 2 in the tree. Every day I 3 some food to the tree. The bird sees me and comes 4 . The food is in my hand. The bird comes 5 my hand and eats (吃) the food. It 6 from my hand. After 7 it goes back into the 8 . I give 9 food to this bird every day. And so the bird 10 me. We are good friends.
〔 〕1. A.In front B. near C. next D. from
〔 〕2. A. sitting B. living C. lives D. sit
〔 〕3. A. take B. bring C. give D. put
〔 〕4. A. on B. to C. from D. down
〔 〕5. A. in B. to C. from D. for
〔 〕6. A. eats B. eat C. sit D. sits
〔 〕7. A. me B. it C. these D. that
〔 〕8. A. house B. tree C. any D. field
〔 〕9. A. little B. some C. any D. a few
〔 〕10. A. eats B. like C. knows D. glad
参 考 答 案
一、1. D 2. D 3. A 4. A 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. C
二、A. 1. thinks thinking thought 2. washes washing washed 3. buys buying bought 4. gets getting got 5. does doing did 6. teaches teaching taught
B. 1. more most 2. hungrier hungriest 3. worse worst 4. cheaper cheapest
C. 1. reached 2. enjoy 3. climb 4. along 5. hospital 6. know 7. first 8. call
三、1. A 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. C 8. C 9. B 10. D 11. D 12. D 13. C 14. D 15. A 16. C 17. C 18. C 19. D 20. B
四、1. heavier 2. the shortest 3. more 4. for 5. by 6. On 7. for 8. with
五、1. carried 2. came 3. are going to play(will paly) 4. goes, was, didn't catch
六、1. What did Wei Fang clean yesterday afternoon?
2. They did not have a short rest yesterday afternoon.
3. When did she go to bed last night?
4. Where did they put the baskets of oranges yesterday morning?
5. What is Tom doing with his mother?
七、was, was, date, What, did, have, had, Where, did, go, How, by, When, reached, at, Did, have, did, am, to
八、1. × 2. √ 3. √ 4. ×
九、1. B 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. B 9. B 10. C
H. 求初中英语故事，带翻译，顺便带几个问题 万分感谢
One
You must have been troubled by when to say "I love you" because it is one of the greatest puzzles in our life.
What if you say it first and your partner doesn’ t love you back? or if they do say. it but you don’t feel they mean it? Being the first to declare your love can be nerver racking(紧张）and risky and can leave you feeling as vulnerable as a turtle with no shell. But is the person who says it first really in a position of weakness? Doesn’ t it pay to hold back, play it cool and wait until the other half has shown their hand fast?
A really good relationship should be about being fair and being equal," says psychologist Sidney Crown. "But love is seldom equal. " All. relationships go through power struggles but, he says, if a love imbalance continues for years, the rot will set in. "That feeling of ’ I’ ve always loved you more’ may be subverted(颠覆，破坏) for a time, but it never goes away completely and it often emerges in squabbling(大声争吵). " In love, at least, the silent, withholding type is not always the most powerful. "The strongest one in a relationship is often the person who feels confident enough to talk about their feelings," says ecational psychologist Ingrid Collins. Psychosexual therapist Paula Hall agrees. "The one with the upper hand is often the person who takes the initiative. In fact, the person who says ’ I love you’ first may also be the one who says ’ I’ m bored with you’ first. " Hall believes that much depends on how "I love you" is said and the motivation of the person saying it. "Is it said when they’ re drunk? Is it said. before their partner files off on holiday, and what it really means is ’ Please don’ t be unfaithful to me’ ? By saying ’ I love you’, they really saying’ Do you love me?’ If so, wouldn’t it just be more honest to say mat.Collins agrees that intention is everything. "It’s not what is said, but how it’ s said. What it comes down to is the sincerity of the speaker.”
51. What is the main idea of this passage?
[ A ] The importance of "I love you"
[ B ] The meaning of "I love you"
[ C ] The time of saying "I love you".
[ D ] The place of saying. "I love you"
52. In the first sentence the author means that
[ A ] it is easy to say "I love you"
[ B ] it is hard to say "I love you"
[ C ] we have many troubles in our life
[ D ] people usually do not know when to say "I love you"
53. According to the expert, a good relationship should be
[ A ] fair and equal
[ B ] fair and kind
[ C ] powerful and equal
[ D] confident and fair
54. In the third paragraph, the phrase "with the upper hand" means
[ A ] being low in spirit
[ B ] having only one hand
[ C ] being active
[ D ] being passive
55. What is the most important for you to consider when somebody say "I love you"to you?
[ A ] The intention.
[ B ] The place.
[ C ] The time.
[ D ] The determination.
Text 2 参考译文
你一定曾经为何时说“我爱你”而烦恼过，因为这是我们生活中的一大难题。
如果你先说“我爱你”而对方却不回应，或者对方也这么说但你觉得他或她并非当真，那该怎么办?如你先说爱一个人，会让人紧张，而且也很冒险，它会让你觉得像没了硬壳的海龟那样容易受到伤害。但先说出口的人真的是处于劣势吗?隐而不宣，冷静地等待，让对方采取主动会更好吗?
“真正良好的两性关系应该是合理平等的”，心理学家悉德尼•克朗说，“但爱情很少是平等的。”所有的两性关系都会有权力的斗争，但是，他说，如果爱情失去平衡，那么数年之后就会开始出现问题。“‘我对你的爱更多’的情况暂时不再继续，但这种感觉却不会消失，且常常会在争吵中出现。”至少在爱情上，沉默含蓄的那种类型并不总是最强有力的。“两性关系中最强大的一方常常是感觉自信能说出自己的感受的人。”教育心理学家因格瑞•柯林斯说。性心理治疗学家波拉•霍尔赞同说，“占上风的常常是采取主动的人。实际上，先说‘我爱你’的人往往也是先说‘我讨厌你’的人。”霍尔认为，很大程度上取决于说“我爱你”的方式和说话人的动机。“他们是在喝醉时说的吗?是在对方乘飞机渡假前说的吗?而其真正的含义是‘请一定要对我忠诚’?是不是表面上说：‘我爱你’，而真正想说的却是‘你爱我吗?’如果这样，直截了当地说不是更诚实吗?”考林也认为你的动机决定一切。“重要的不在于说话内容而在于说话的方式。归根到底是说话人的真诚。”
答案及解析
51．C【解析】这篇文章主要讲述的是说“我爱你”的时机，是采取主动还是处于被动，以及说话者的动机。
52．D【解析】“You must have been troubled by when to say ‘I love you’ because it is one of the greatest puzzles in our life．”也就是说人们为何时说“我爱你”而烦恼。
53．A【解析】见第三段的“A really good relationship should be about being fair and being equal”。
54．C【解析】此题是词义解析，意思是“占了上风”。
55．A【解析】从第三段末考林的话语中可以分析出来是你的动机决定一切。“重要的不在于说话内容而在于说话的方式。归根到底是说话人的真诚。”
Two
Going shopping seems easy but actually it takes a lot of learning, especially in American. In the fact, many Americans who are not so well-off often shop at “sales” or at special stores that sell things at low prices, which you may find interesting. In American, the important rule of dressing is that one should change his\her clothes every day. For example, in an American college, neither professors nor students are seen in the same clothes two days in a row. So you may find it necessary to buy more clothes than China. While you are shopping in the States, you will discover that prices range considerablely from time to time. The purchase of used, second-hand clothing, furniture, or other household articles may be an excellent way of saving money. Most second-hand clothes are often pretty good quality. If you are going to settle down in the states and want some furniture, you may go to a “loan closet”, where furniture rents at low costs, or you may also go to a “furniture exchange” place in the community.
Sheets, blankets and other bedclothes go on sale in most communities twice a year. Advertisements for “white sales”, that is, sales on bed linen, towels, ets., often appear in January, as well as in May, June or July. Once or twice every season, there will be “garage sales”, where you can get almost anything, from a yacht to a pair of shoes, at low prices. Prices at “discount stores” and “thrift shops” are also as low as you can imagine.
56. Shopping in the United States .
A. seems easy for Americans.
B. require some learning.
C. is very easy for foreigners.
D. is only for “well-off” people.
57. Americans change their clothes daily, because .
A. clothes are sold at low prices.
B. people take it as a rule.
C. they enjoy doing so.
D. everyone is very “well-off”.
58. People shopping in American will discover .
A. American goods are excellent.
B. most clothes come from China.
C. prices vary much sometimes.
D. used clothes are of poor quality.
59. A person who needs furniture can .
A. exchange their goods for furniture.
B. settle in a place that has furniture.
C. get some free of charge.
D. rent some at low cost.
60. At a “white sale”, one can buy .
A. almost anything.
B. sheets, cooking, utensils, ect.
C. bed linen, towels, ect.
D. shoes at low prices.
去购物似乎很容易，但实际上需要，特别是在美国的学习很多。事实上，许多美国人谁不那么富裕的时候店“销售”，或在该低的价格出售，你可能会发现有趣的事情特别的店。在美国，修整重要的规则是，一要改变他/她的衣服每天。例如，在美国大学，无论是教授，也不是在连续两天的同样的衣服出现的学生。所以，你可能认为有必要购买更多的衣服比你在中国有。当你在美国购物，你会发现，价格范围相当不时。所用的，二手衣物，家具或其他家庭用品可能是省钱的好办法购买。大多数二手衣服是不错的质量。如果你要在美国定居下来，并希望一些家具，你可以到一个“贷款的衣橱”，凡在低成本，家具租金或者您也可以到“家具交流”的社会地位。
床单，毛毯，床上用品和其他走在大多数社区每年两次出售。 “”的白色销售广告，即在床单，毛巾等，经常出现在1月的销售，以及在5月，6月或7月。每个赛季一次或两次，将有“车库销售”，在那里你可以得到几乎任何东西，从游艇到一双鞋子在低价格。在“打折店”和价格“旧货店”也能像你想像的低。
Three
Like most people, I was brought up to look upon life as a process of getting. It was not until in my late thirties that I made this important discovery: giving-away makes life so much more exciting. You need not worry if you lack money. This is how I experimented with giving-away. If an idea for improving the window display of a neighborhood store flashes to me, I step in and make the suggestion to the storekeeper. One discovery I made about giving-away is that it is almost impossible to give away anything in this world without getting something back, though the return often comes in an unexpected form. One Sunday morning the local post office delivered an important special delivery letter to my home, though it was addressed to me at my office. I wrote the postmaster a note of appreciation. More than a year later I needed a post-office box for a new business I was starting. I was told at the window that there were no boxes left, and that my name would have to go on a long waiting list. As I was about to leave, the postmaster appeared in the doorway. He had overheard our conversation. “Wasn’t it you that wrote us that letter a year ago about delivering a special delivery to your home?” I said yes. “Well, you certainly are going to have a box in this post office if we have to make one for you. You don’t know what a letter like that means to us. We usually get nothing but complaints.”
像大多数人，我长大看待生命是一个过程获得。直到我在30月底，我作出这一重要发现：给予，距离使我们的生活如此更令人兴奋的。您不必担心如果缺乏资金。这是我尝试让-消失。如果一个主意，可以改善窗口显示一个闪烁附近商店给我，我的步骤，并提出上述建议的仓库保管员。一发现我付出，离开是，它几乎是不可能放弃任何在这个世界上，没有得到回报，尽管返回往往在一个意想不到的形式。一个星期天上午，当地邮局作了重要特别的递送信件到我家里，但给我在我的办公室。我写了一份说明邮政的赞赏。一年多后，我需要一个后Office中的一个新的业务，我开始。我被告知的窗口，没有框的左边，我的名字将不得不在很长的等候名单。当我正准备离开，邮政出现在门口。他听到我们的交谈。 “是不是你，我们该信中写道：一年前为客户提供一份特别的递送到您的家？ ”我说是的。 “嘿，你肯定将会有一个盒子在这个邮政局如果我们要取得一个适合您。你不知道什么样的信，这意味着给我们。我们通常会只是投诉。
题目的答案：ACBCD，题目不祥。
有翻译 有问题 有解析 有问题的话再问我哈
I. 初中英语阅读理解题及答案解析
初中英语阅读理解题及答案解析
在做阅读理解题时,除了首先要抓住文章的主旨和大意外,还必须弄清楚文中的一些重要信息，下面是我提供给大家练习的初中英语的'阅读理解题以及答案解析，希望大家喜欢!
【阅读理解】
Mr King works in a shop and drives a car for the manager. He drives carefully and can keep calm in time of danger. And he escaped from several accidents. The manager pays him more and the traffic policemen often speak highly of him.
Mr Baker， one of his friends， works in a factory outside the city. It‘s far from his house and he has to go to work by bus. As the traffic is crowded in the morning， sometimes he’s late for the work. His manager warns the young man that he will be sent away unless he gets to his office on time. He hopes to buy a car， but he hasn‘t enough money. He decides to buy an old one. He went to the flea (跳蚤) market and at last he chose a beautiful but cheap car. He said he wanted to have a trial (试验) drive， the seller agreed. He called Mr King and asked him to help him.
Mr King examined the car at first and then drove it away. It was five in the morning and there were few cars in the street. At first he drove slowly and it worked well. Then he drove fast. And when he reached a crossing， the lights turned red. He tried to stop it， but he failed and nearly hit an old woman who was crossing the street. A policeman told him to stop， but the car went on until it hit a big tree by the road.
“Didn‘t you hear me?” the policeman asked angrily.
“Yes， I did， sir，” said Mr King， “Since it doesn‘t listen to me，can it obey you?”
根据以上短文内容，然后从每题所给的四个选项中选择最佳选项。
1. Mr King is paid more because he _______.
A. always drives very slowly B. is not afraid of danger
C. had driven for years D. drives very well
2. Mr Baker went to the flea market to _______.
A. buy a second-hand car B. have a trial drive
C. choose a new car D. sell his old car
3. Mr King tried to stop the car when _______.
A. he saw an old woman crossing the street
B. he saw a big tree
C. the traffic lights turned red
D. the policeman shouted angrily at him
4. Which of the following is true?
A. Mr King will be sent away if he keeps being late
B. Mr Baker can‘t afford to buy an old car
C. Mr King didn‘t hear the policeman
D. Something was wrong with the car
「答案与解析」
1. 选D.由句子He drives carefully and can keep calm in time of danger. And he escaped from several accidents.可知，Mr King drives very well，因此老板付给了他更多的薪水。答案选D.
2. 选A.Mr Baker因为交通拥挤而经常迟到，受到老板的责骂，所以He hopes to buy a car. 但是他没有足够的钱，所以He decided to buy an old one，可见他去跳蚤市场是buy a second-hand car(想买一辆二手车)，因此答案选A.
3. 选C.Mr King试车到了一个十字路口时，The light turned red，所以He tried to stop it，因此答案选C.
4. 选D.Mr King在交警的警告下也没有停住车，最后撞到了树上，他的解释是：It doesn‘t listen to me(车不听我的话)，可见车有问题，所以答案选D.
;J. 初二英语阅读理解及答案解析
初二英语阅读理解及答案解析
初中英语阅读理解题型主要有主旨题、细节题、推断题、猜测词义题及正误判断题。下面是我整理的初中英语阅读理解题，希望能帮到大家!
电脑技术的优势
We are already familiar with computers—computers work for us at home, in offices and in factories. But it is also true that many children today are using computers at schools before they can write. What does this mean for the future? Are these children lucky or not?
Many people who do not know about computers think of them as machines that children play with. They worry that children do not learn from experience but just from pressing a button and that this is not good for them. They think that children are growing not knowing about the real world.
But people who understand more about computers say that computers can be very good for children. A computer can help them to learn about the real world more quickly, to learn what they want to learn and think for themselves. And for the future, don’t we need people who can think clearly, who know how to get information quickly and use it well? What do you think?
1. “To be familiar with” means to ______.
A. know nothing B. know about C. dislike D. like
2. Does everyone think computers are good for children?
A. Yes, they do. B. No, not everyone thinks so.
C. They don’t know. D. They are not sure.
3. What can computers help children to do?
A. To think clearly, to do homework and to write.
B. To play games, to do math and to .
C. To think clearly, to get information and to use it well.
D. To count, to clean the house and to get information.
4. Does the writer think computer is a good thing?
A. It isn’t mentioned. B. No, he doesn’t think so.
C. He doesn’t know. D. Yes, he does.
参考答案与解析：
1. B 词义猜测题。由破折号后的解释“电脑在家里、办公室、工厂都为我们工作”当然我们就已经“了解”电脑了。
2. B 事实细节题。第2段是说不太了解电脑的人认为电脑对小孩不好，而第3段则说那些懂电脑的人认为电脑对小孩有益，因此，并不是每个人都认为电脑对小孩有益。
3. C 事实细节题。由最后一段，特别是倒数第2个问句可知。
4. D 推理判断题。从最后一段可推断出作者的观点是“计算机是件好东西”。
发生在车站的小故事
John Smith was an old porter. He worked at the station. Every day he was busy carrying heavy things for the people. He was careful with his work. He was kind to everyone. He was always ready to help others.
One morning he stood in the station. He was waiting for the train. Just then he saw a man running towards the trains with a big bag in his hand.
“No train is starting. Why is he in such a hurry?” the old man thought to himself.
He went up to the man and asked, “May I help you?”
As soon as the man saw the porter, he stopped running.
“Can I catch the 10:35 train to London?” the man asked. He looked worried.
The old porter looked at him for a few seconds and said, “Well, sir. I’d like to help you, but I can’t answer your question because I don’t know how fast you can run.” Then he explained to the man, “The 10:35 train to London left five minutes ago. Can you run fast enough to catch it?”
1. What was John’s job?
2. Where do you think the man was going?
3. Why did the man run towards the trains and look worried?
4. What time was it when the man got to the station?
5. What do you think of John Smith?
参考答案与解析：
通读全文, 故事讲述的是车站搬运工John Smith有一天在火车站同一名旅客间的`一段对话，故事很幽默。
第一个问题是一个细节题，第1段清楚地说明了他的工作：John Smith was an old porter。porter的意思的“(车站、码头) 的搬运工人”，如果考生不认识这个词，也可以由He worked at the station. Every day he was busy carrying heavy things for the people.这两句话了解他的工作性质。因此第一个问题的回答：John’s job was to carry heavy things for the people at station. / He was a porter.
第二个问题是一个推理题，问题:这名旅客要去哪里。由文中这句旅客的问话Can I catch the 10:35 train to London?很容易推断出他要去伦敦。
第三个问题仍要求考生推理得出答案，问题：为什么此人看上去很急的样子朝火车赶去。很显然是因为他在赶火车。对why提问要用because进行回答，第三个问题的回答是Because he wanted to catch the 10:35 train to London.
第四个问题是推理题, 问的是：这名旅客赶到火车站的时间。由下文John的回答The 10:35 train to London left five minutes ago可知火车已开走，这名旅客赶到的时间是大约10: 40，因此第四题的回答是It was about10：40 (twenty to eleven) 。
第五个问题是归纳题, 考查考生对文章大意的理解。这个问题的回答实际上就是全文的中心句, 在第一自然段里已做了介绍。He was careful with his work. He was kind to everyone and always ready to help others.
阅读的乐趣
Reading for pleasure is the easiest way to become a better reader in English. It is also the most important way.
Some students say they don’t want to read for pleasure. They say they want to use their time to learn the rules of the language and new words. They say that pleasure read¬ing is too easy.
Many experts (专家) say pleasure reading is very important for learning English. Dr. Stephen Krashen, a famous expert on learning languages, says that pleasure reading helps you learn many important things about English. Students learn more grammar and more words when they read for pleasure. They also learn more about good writing.
Dr. Krashen tells us that pleasure reading helps each student in a different way. Each student needs to learn something different. Pleasure reading makes it possible for each student to learn what he or she needs.
Reading for pleasure is not the same as studying. When you read for pleasure, you choose your own books, and you don’t have to remember everything. There are no tests on your pleasure reading books. Pleasure reading will help you:
●learn how English speakers use English
●read faster in English
●find examples of good writing in English
●learn new words
●learn about the cultures (文化) of English speakers
1. Is pleasure reading important for learning English?
2. Which is the easier way to become a better reader, pleasure reading or studying?
3. What do some students think of pleasure reading?
4. How can we become better readers?
5. What’s the greatest advantage (优点) of pleasure reading?
参考答案与解析：
1. Yes, it is. 由文章的第1段第2句可知。
2. Pleasure reading. 根据最后一段的内容可知。
3. It’s too easy. / It’s not useful / helpful / important.根据第2段的内容回答。
4. Do pleasure reading.由第1段第1句可知。
5. We can learn what we need.由第4段可知。
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