现代大学英语阅读2unit15
no trees or grass on the western end of the Denon Wing to cushion
㈡ 求现代大学英语阅读教材2中一个作者叫Leslie Norris的资料
The old poet doesn't walk as well as he once did. At 83, his mind is keen to take in the world as always, but the legs aren't so willing. He heads out the door for his walk early each morning with his dog, Tansi, trotting at his feet. He walks only a few blocks near his home along the Orem river bottoms, and then on the return trip his legs begin to ache and he must stop and pretend to look at the trees until he recovers.
Stuart Johnson, Deseret Morning NewsLeslie Norris, with some of his works in front of him, sits in his study at his Orem home. Although retired, BYU has named Norris its poet in residence. This is a damnable thing for Leslie Norris. He has always been a walking man. He walks for pleasure and exercise, but mostly he walks to turn his keen eye on the world and see what it says to him. He walks to turn things over in his mind, from the mundane to the profound, hoping for the magic to happen again, a few scraps of words or a line or two that will start another poem.
He doesn't entirely understand the process himself; all he knows is that what he ruminates and observes while walking — the people he meets along the way, the river, the sunrise, the birds — are where the poetry begins. He needs walking the way a carpenter needs a hammer and wood, but the walks are growing shorter.
"It's terribly hard," his wife Kitty observes.
"So frustrating. He thinks best when his legs are moving. He believes to have an idea, it's got to come from something tangible, something he is a part of, something he sees."
Norris lives in the Utah suburbs, which seems a strange place for an internationally recognized poet, much less one who grew up in the lush Welsh countryside. Except in academia, he is little recognized in his adopted state and country, yet he is a poet of considerable renown across the sea and a favorite son and national treasure of Wales. It was a strange turn of events that took him out of a humble coal-mining town in Wales and plunked him down in the desert at Brigham Young University.
He has published some two dozen books of poetry, short stories and children's books. He has won honorary degrees. He was a candidate for poet laureate of England, which eventually went to Ted Hughes, the former husband of the late poet Sylvia Plath. He is the subject of at least two books and one video. He has done readings at some of the great festivals in the world and once served as poet in residence at Eton College. He has done almost everything in the literary world from teaching poetry at every level of school to doing a poetry reading in front of thousands in Westminster Abbey upon the presentation of Dylan Thomas' memorial stone in Poets' Corner.
Courtesy Leslie NorrisLeslie Norris, a renown poet, is seen here when he was 6 with his younger brother Eric, age 2. Ask Ken Brewer, poet laureate of Utah, to comment on Norris' standing in the literary community and he chuckles and stammers, as if this is the mbest question he ever heard because, well, doesn't everyone know?
"He's got to have the biggest literary reputation in the state," he begins. "He's an internationally known writer. He's certainly the major star in the state."
Norris officially retired from BYU a couple of years ago after heart surgery but only formally. BYU named him its poet in residence, essentially subsidizing his poetry while also utilizing him as a roving ambassador and tutor of poetry and literature. Who better for the job than the warm, humorous, mild-tempered man whose work is immediately accessible in a way many poets are not?
Author James Dickey once wrote that poets would kill for Norris' authenticity of voice. Jerry Johnston, a Deseret Morning News editorial writer and columnist and a personal friend of Norris, explains it this way: "He has one of the clearest voices, his own way of saying things. It's not a derivative of other poets or tradition. It's not putting on a front. He speaks as who he is. You recognize it as him. And he writes in a very authentic, measured, precise way that is very alive."
Brewer says simply, "Leslie is an absolutely immaculate writer. The craft is superb but hidden. It's like the substructure of a house. You see the exterior, but you don't see how well it's built. It's not intrusive."
The words and the music of his words came from his father George. He grew up a sensitive, observant, aware boy in a hardscrabble steel and coal town, Merthyr Tydfil, which was one valley over from the town that was the setting for the book, "How Green Was My Valley."
His father George was a tall, athletic man who missed his chance for ecation and professional training while fighting World War I. He worked as an engineer in the mines until a falling rock broke his back. "We would stick pins in his back and he would never feel them," recalls Norris.
Stuart Johnson, Deseret Morning NewsLeslie Norris and his wife, Kitty, walk their dog, Tansi. Norris says he gets most of his inspiration while walking. George was only 27 and the Depression was on. He took a job delivering milk seven days a week, 365 days a year, with no holidays. They were poor, but they were one of only a handful of families in the town who had employment.
George was innately intelligent in prep school — he won many of the academic prizes — and a voracious reader. Each night he would come home and immerse himself in a book. He committed hundreds of poems and parodies to memory, which he liked to recite while carrying Leslie on his tall shoulders "up in the clouds." As his father's official librarian, responsible for returning and checking out his father's books, Leslie became acquainted with literature and began reading at an early age.
"My father came home every day after work and read books," recalls Norris. "We could play around and make the most terrible din, and he never even seemed to hear us. . . . He was the only one who was allowed to read at the table. He'd eat a whole pie without knowing it. He'd say, 'Is there no pie today?' "
They were an academic and athletic family. George himself competed in track and field for money. Leslie became a fine soccer player who received offers to play professionally. He continued to play soccer and run track into his 30s. But his passion was his words.
Leslie was the boy resident poet of the Norris house. In the summer he liked to lie on his back in the grass with the feel of the earth against his back and the clouds scudding by overhead, plucking stalks of grass from their tubes and chewing on them. "I would look until I would demand to see the motes of the air," he says in the biographical video, "Crossing Borders." "I would look until it was not merely the clouds but the tiniest structures of the rim of the clouds."
He sat cross-legged on the short grass,
Intent, still, staring into a sky
Without clouds until he saw the world
Transformed into its motes,
the visible element
Of his meditation. — Excerpt from "A Blade of Grass"
Years later, Peter Makuck, a professor at East Carolina, would note of Norris, "He sees what he sees because he's ready, because he's always on ty, because he doesn't miss anything."
Courtesy Leslie NorrisLeslie Norris, seen above when he was a 28-year-old teacher at Grass Royal School in Yevil, England, poses with the school football (soccer) team, which he coached. That includes something as mundane as a wall. Norris had an epiphany at the age of 12. He was walking home alone one hot summer afternoon when he noticed the sandstone walls of the houses he was passing. As he tells it in "Crossing Borders," "I put my finger on the wall and it was rough and I could feel the indivial grains, and then I put my hand against the wall and little grains fell to the ground, tiny things, and I suddenly knew that my life was going to be the recognition of solid things like this and making relationships of the real world, of the material world, and that the only way to do that was to have the words that stood for stones and rocks and mountains, and that the rhythms would create the formation of such things, and I was going to do this all my life."
Norris was moved to write poetry even as a boy. "I thought everyone did that," he recalls. As a teen, he sometimes rode a bike 28 miles to a neighboring town just to sit at the foot of a handful of poets as they met in a small room above a bookstore. Among those poets: Dylan Thomas and Vernon Watkins. The older men drank beer and read their poems and discussed them while the kid, largely ignored, listened. They would go on all night, but eventually, Norris would retire to a tent he had set up on the edge of town and ride home the next morning.
Sitting at a picnic table on his back porch, Norris relaxes with Tansi asleep in his arms. He loves dogs. In his study, there are several dog trophies sharing shelf space with the hundreds of books that are lined up floor to ceiling. For years he showed fox and Welsh terriers and was a patron of dog and horse racing. He has written magazine articles about terriers. The local shelter called him when Tansi showed up.
Kitty, his wife, keeps coming out to check on him. "Are you all right, love?" she says in her tiny voice. This is how they talk to each other. She brings cookies and coffee and juice on a tray and sets them on the table. "Thank you, love," he says.
He is such an innately kind, pleasant man that a poet once teasingly chewed him out for not being the stereotypical brooding poet. How could he consider himself a poet, after all, if he was so even-tempered?
"The thing about him is that he is just a wonderful human being," says Brewer. "That doesn't always go together."
Kitty says he is frequently singing and whistling around the house. But she notes that he is always thinking, always keeping his senses open for his art. She knows this well. It has been just the two of them. They have no children. They have been married for 56 years.
Hudson tells us of them,
the two migrating geese,
she hurt in the wing
indomitably walking
the length of a continent,
and he wheeling above
calling his distress. — Excerpt from "Hudson's Geese"
"It's a useless craft really," he is saying. He is talking about poetry of course. "You don't make any money. But it's a great craft. You create worlds. The Scottish word for poet is 'maker.' So is the Greek word."
Courtesy Leslie NorrisLeslie Norris' father, George Norris, is seen with Leslie's younger brother Gordon and their dog. George worked as an engineer in the mines until a falling rock broke his back. But there is that matter of money. Even poets have to eat. He became a teacher to earn a living and discovered he had a passion for it and was sidetracked by it. He published his first book of poetry at 20; he published a second book two years later. And then he didn't publish another book for 15 years.
"I was a very naive kid," he explains, stroking his dog absentmindedly. "I thought you published your poems, then you die when you're 30. And when I hadn't died, I thought, well, you're not a poet, are you?"
He immersed himself in teaching school and virtually left his poetry behind. He prepared his lessons and spent all day in classes ring the week. On Saturdays he coached a soccer team and on Sunday he played soccer himself. "Life was good," he says. Eventually, his renown as a teacher earned him a series of promotions, to principal, then to the university level and finally to the university administration at South Hampton Institute of Ecation. By then he was earning a good salary, but he wasn't teaching and he wasn't writing much and he was unhappy.
"I didn't whistle, I didn't sing, I was going to die," he says. So he quit and for a year, "I didn't make a cent." He wrote children's programs for the BBC for a while, but eventually he returned to his poetry.
"I had to make a choice: Am I an ecator or a poet?" he recalls.
He began writing more while also accepting poetry reading engagements and teaching university courses. He worked ring the week and on weekends retired to a farm he kept in Wales, where he could do his writing.
He accepted an invitation to teach summer term at the University of Washington and discovered he liked it. He did this for several years in the '70s. One of his doctoral students had connections at BYU, and one thing led to another. He was invited to give public readings and lectures for two weeks at BYU. In 1983, at the age of 61, he was asked to teach at BYU for six months. He wound up staying two decades.
For seventy hardening
seasons I've watched
the stopping of waterfalls.
some of the time
I knew and perhaps
understood how water
changed in winter,
what happened to molecules,
how the structures
of elements could petrify
In a night from bounding liquid to
an obrate smoothness.
Not any longer.
All that's confusing now.
I am content to
watch the world turn cold
with its old grace. — Excerpt from "Bridal Veil Falls, Early Winter"
"I'd never heard of Provo," he says. "I had never seen anything like that. The snow was dirty by the roads. There was not a bit of green. Kitty said to me, 'Do you think you can make it for six weeks?' But there it is. We've been here all these years. Although it is a beautiful place, it is mainly because of the people we are here. They have been very welcoming. I don't think there was another gentile on the staff when I came."
Stuart Johnson, Deseret Morning NewsPoet Leslie Norris holds his Welch Terrier, Tansi, while he shows off some of the trophies he has won. Years later, they sold their house in Sussex when they realized they were here to stay.
"The students were very much a revelation to me," he says. "They are able and hardworking. There was no tension as there was in some universities at that time. If I made an assignment, it would be done. It was a pleasure for me to go to school. What I taught in my classes was more intense than I had taught previously. Some of it had been part of my doctoral classes."
"We've never had to worry about money because of BYU," says Kitty. "It subsidizes Leslie's poetry. It's been wonderful. Without BYU, I don't know what would have happened."
In "Crossing Borders," Guy Lebeda of the Utah Arts Council says of Norris, "He perceives more of the experiences of life. He has antenna for receiving information that you and I don't have. He's living the most intense life that I know of."
Norris, who was held spellbound by the mere touch of a sandstone wall and the clouds rolling overhead, still has his antenna up and working. Once he was out in the yard when he heard a small boy next door talking to his dog. "There are three things I want you to remember," the boy told the dog. Norris rushed over to the fence to hear what the boy would say. From that experience came a children's book, "Albert and the Angels."
Ask Norris about the creative process and this is what he says: "I think I do most of my work walking about. I let my mind go. Most of my work is waiting really. I wait for the poem to come in and be ready and welcome it. But I train for it. I study every day."
His study consists of reading. These days he favors Yeats, Wordsworth, Henry Vaughn. "He reads for pleasure what other people read for penance," says Kitty. "It's not accessible to most people, but nothing's inaccessible to Leslie."
He used to write daily, although he claims much of his work was tossed in the garbage bin at the end of the day. Kitty would come in to the office later and read through the stuff, and, if Norris is to be believed, threw it back in the bin.
These days he writes most of the poem in his head and lets "the image breed. Then I get a couple of lines and come home as quickly as I can and write. Sometimes it's gone. If they are really strong signals, the thing will come back strong. Now I'm getting signals from parts of the poem I have not gotten to yet. I'll write them on the side. I'm getting all the images. Then I get the last one when I know I'm not going to get anymore. Now is the time of labor."
As a teenager, he sent his poems to Watkins, a poet he admired. After one of the bookstore meetings, Watkins took Norris aside and told him he didn't work hard enough on his poems. As Norris recalls it in "Crossing Borders," Watkins told him, "You really just scribble them down and you never look at them and read them properly. Put them in a drawer for six weeks and preferably for six months and take them out and those that are dead throw them out and those that have a spark of life, work and work and work and work until there is nothing more you can do with them. And then if there is not a mark of that work, if the poem seems to be completely spontaneous . . . then you've got a poem."
Courtesy Leslie NorrisLeslie Norris is seen when he was 19 years old and in the Royal Air Force. At first Norris thought the advice was ridiculous, but it later took hold. He views the time of laboring over his poetry on paper, in long hand, with a certain reverence.
"I am seeing the world more clearly," he says. "I come back and polish it, making it smaller and smaller. It's also incredibly oral and highly musical. I can hear the pattern of it. Sometimes I forget the words but remember the tune."
There are times when he works straight through meals or notices that he has changed into his pajamas and can't remember doing so. When he is finished he reads the work aloud to himself. Once a cop saw him walking on a road at 2 a.m. with a sandwich in one hand and his latest poem in the other, reciting it out loud to himself. "What are you doing?" the cop asked.
Pointing to the brick wall of his house, Norris says, "I like a poem to be like that wall, linked hard, with each word so important that it couldn't stand without it."
After a day's work he reads his poem, then takes it to Kitty. "Is this any good. Is it worth going on with?"
Ask Kitty what Norris is like when he feels a poem coming in, she says, "Horrid. He is a sweet man. He's always about the house singing. But when the poem is on the way, he is a bear. He's grumpy. I don't think he tastes dinner. But I'm glad because of what's on the way."
The process of polishing, as Watkins once urged, never really ends for Norris. "Even when I am doing a reading," he says, "I'll think you were wrong there. I can see a weak word."
After eight decades of writing, he still marvels at the process of it all. "The poem is the total mystery," he says. "You don't know what's going to start it. If someone asks me to write a poem about something, I can do it, but it's not really a poem. The gift doesn't exist if you make it up. I have to be given these poems. I think they're floating about somewhere. My job, my ty really, is to receive them and make them as clear as I can. . . . I'm sure there are a finite number of poems in the world."
"Time," he concludes, "will decide if it's any good, or if it's even a poem at all."
"Still," he adds, "I don't really know what makes them poems, you know."
He is collecting the Christmas poems he has written annually for friends at the request of an English composer who wants to put them to music. He is doing some work for BYU. "And I am waiting for other poems to come to me," he says.
"It's an astonishing life," he says ring a quiet moment. "It doesn't seem like a career. Whatever I have done, I have devoted it to poetry."
㈢ 现代大学英语阅读2课文翻译
Tell you about a failure when I was a teacher. It was January 1940, shortly after I graated from graate school, I began my first semester of teaching at Kansas City University. A tall, thin, hairy beancurd like student walked into my classroom, sat down, put his arms across his chest, looked at me as if he was saying, "OK, teach me something."
给你们讲讲我刚当老师时候的一次失败经历吧。那是1940年的1月，我从研究生院毕业不久，在堪萨斯城大学开始第一学期的教学工作。一个瘦高，长得就像顶.上有毛的豆角架-样的男学生走进我的课堂，坐下，双臂交叉放在胸前，看着我，好像在说:好吧，教我一些东西。”
Two weeks later, we began to learn Hamlet. Three weeks later, he walked into my office with his hands on his hips. "Look," he said, "I'm here to study as a pharmacist. Why do I have to read this? "Because he didn't take his own book with him, he pointed to my book on the table.
两周后我们开始学习《哈姆雷特》。三周后他双手叉腰走进我的办公室，“看， ”他说，“ 我来这是学习当药剂师的。我为什么必须读这个?”由于没有随身带着自己的书，他就指着桌子上放着的我的那本。
Although I'm a new teacher, I could have told this guy a lot. I could have pointed out that he was admitted not to a pharmaceutical technician training school but to a university, and that he should have graated with a Bachelor of Science degree rather than a "qualified Grinder".
虽然我是位新老师，我本来可以告诉这个家伙许多事情的。我本来可以指出，他考入的不是制药技工培训学校而是大学，而且他在毕业时，应该得到一张写有理学学士而不是“合格的磨药工”的学位证书。
This certificate will prove that he majored in pharmaceutics, but it can further prove that he has been exposed to some ideas in the history of human development. In other words, he went to a university instead of a skill training school, where students need both training and ecation.
这证书会证明他专修过药剂学，但它还能进一-步证明他曾经接触过一些人类发展史上产生的思想。换句话说，他上的不是技能培训学校而是大学，在大学里学生既要得到培训又要接受教育。
I could have told him all this, but it's clear that he won't stay for a long time and it's useless to say it. But since I was young and responsible at the time, I tried to put it this way: "for the rest of your life," I said, "on average about 24 hours a day.
我本来可以把这些话都告诉他，但是很明显，他不会待很长时间，说了也没用。但是，由于我当时很年轻而且责任感也很强，我尽量把我的意思这样表达出来:“在你的余生中,”我说，“平均每天24小时左右。
When you are in love, you will think it is a little short. When you are lovelorn, you will think it is a little long. But on average, it stays the same 24 hours a day. For the remaining eight hours or so, you will be asleep.
谈恋爱时，你会觉得它有点短，失恋时，你会觉得它有点长。但平均每天24小时会保持不变。在其余的大约8个小时的时间里，你会处于睡眠状态。
(3)现代大学英语阅读2unit15扩展阅读
这部分内容主要介绍的是宾语补足语的知识点：
在英语中有些及物动词，接了宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有一个其他的句子成分，来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等，简称宾补。宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。而复合宾语的第一部分通常由名词或代词充当，第二部分表示第一部分的名词或代词发出的动作或身份、特征等，称为宾语补足语，简称宾补。
句子中的the desk是宾语。一般来说，一个句子由“主谓宾”结构组成——也即是说，上面这个句子如果是I'm going to paint the desk. 也是完全正确的。（我 主语） （涂色 谓语） （桌子 宾语）主谓宾结构最简单的例子，就是“我爱你”。一个句子只要像“我爱你”这句话一样有主谓宾就是正确的。
那为什么the desk后面还要加一个pink呢？因为我想补充说明我想把桌子涂成什么样的。我将要做的不只是要涂桌子，而是把桌子涂成粉红色。“pink” 是句子中的宾语补足语，pink阐述了the desk的状态，让句子意思更加完整。
“pink”是形容词做宾语补足语。能够充当宾补的还有：不定式，现在分词，过去分词，副词，介宾短语。一般情况下，宾补通常紧跟在宾语之后。
㈣ 有谁能够提供现代大学英语阅读3的翻译
字号：大 中 小 Unit7 ○1我们的校运动会将在下星期六举行 Our school’s sports meet is e next Saturday。 2由于不断有水灾和旱灾，那个地区的农业一直很不稳定 Due to repeated floods and droughts, the farming in that area has been unstable. 3她突然发现他们的房租第二天就到期了 She suddenly found that their rent would be e the next day. 4最后他们经过核实，发现那个朝正北方飞的东西是天鹅 Finally，they identified the objet flying e north as swans. 5很多人认为经过一定时间后，中国的农民就能在国际市场上成功地和别人竞争 Many people believe that in e course Chinese farmers will compete with others in international market successfully. 6请原谅我的冒昧，我并不认为我们应该采取等着瞧的政策 With e respect, I don’t believe that we should adopt a wait and see policy. 7根据该协议，两个国家应该互相通报重大的军事行动 According to the agreement, the two countries should inform each other of major military actions. 8因为在他得到潜艇已经沉没的通知时没有立即采取措施，他为此受到批评 He was criticized for not taking immediate actions after he was informed of the sinking of the submarine. 9诸葛亮虽然一直住在小草房里，但他的消息非常灵通 Although he had lived in a small hut, Zhu Geliang was well informed. 10在文革的时候，人们不但被鼓励，而且被强迫互相告发 During the Culture Revolution, people were not only encouraged but also forced to inform on each other. 11在那时候，学者们强烈地劝我们保护城墙。但我们没有足够的远见去采纳他们的建议 At that time, scholars strongly advised us to protect the city walls, but we were not far-sighted enough to adopt their suggestions. 12瞧他爱妈妈的样子，你永远猜不到他是领养的 To see how he loved his mother, you could never guess he was adopted. 13这本古典小说描写了宋朝一批人，他们像罗宾汉一样劫富济贫 This classical novel depicts a group of people in the Song Dynasty, who robbed the rich to help the poor like Robin hood. 14他们抢走了她的所有东西，然后把她从车里扔了出去 They robbed her of everything and then threw her out of the car. 15永远不要伸手拿不属于你的东西，不然，你迟早会被抓住 Never reach out for things that don’t belong to you, otherwise, you’ll be caught sooner or later. 16我的目标是建立一个富裕，自由和公正的社会。但是我们不付出痛苦的代价是达不到这个目的的 Our goal is to build a rich, free and just society. But without pain and suffering, we will not realize it. 17我做了一个可怕的梦。我梦见我在拼命追一个我想要的东西，但总是够不着 I had a terrible dream in which I ran after something I wanted, but it was always beyond my reach. 18那时候曹操相信最后胜利已唾手可得，他不知道一场惨败正等着他 CaoCao believed that final victory was within his easy reach, but he didn’t know that a terrible defeat was waiting for him.
㈤ 现代大学英语阅读1第二版的前十二课课文的大致内容加中心思想
The Selfish Giant (by Oscar Wilde)
The Sheik's White Donkey
I Met a Bushman
Never Too Old to Live Your Dream (by Dan Clark)
Your Legacey (by Tony D'Angelo)
The Unicorn in the Garden (by James Thurber)
The New Assistant
The Killers (by Ernest Hemingway)
The Painting of Ngley Hall(by M.R.James)
The Green Door (by O.Henry)
The Yellow Shirt (by Darline Anderson)
The Open Window (by H.H.Muntro/Saki)
自私的巨人（奥斯卡王尔德）
教长的白驴
我遇到一位布什曼
从来没有太老了，住你的梦（作者Dan克拉克）
您Legacey（托尼安吉洛）
独角兽（詹姆斯瑟伯的花园）
新助理
杀手（由海明威）
这幅画（由M.河詹姆斯Ngley厅）
绿门（由欧亨利）
黄衬衫（由Darline安德森）
在打开的窗口（由H.H.Muntro /扎基）
㈥ 现代大学英语阅读2的A new millennium的主旨
xperience becomes ours, and
㈦ 现代大学英语精读2课文翻译
第一单元
我最初听到这个故事是在印度，那儿的人们今天讲起它来仍好像实有其事似的——尽管任何一位博物学家都知道这不可能是真的。后来有人告诉我，在第一次世界大战之后不久就出现在一本杂志上。但登在杂志上的那篇故事, 以及写那篇故事的人，我却一直未能找到。故事发生在印度。某殖民官员和他的夫人举行盛行的晚宴。跟他们一起就座的客人有——军官和他人的夫人，另外还有一位来访的美国博物学家——筵席设在他们家宽敞的餐室里，室内大理石地板上没有铺地毯；屋顶明椽裸露；宽大的玻璃门外便是阳台。席间，一位年轻的女士同一位少校展开了热烈的讨论。年轻的女士认为，妇女已经有所进步，不再像过去那样一见到老鼠就吓得跳到椅子上；少校则不以为然。“女人一遇到危急情况，”少校说，反应便是尖叫。而男人虽然也可能想叫，但比起女人来，自制力却略胜一筹。这多出来的一点自制力正是真正起作用的东西。”那个美国人没有参加这场争论，他只是注视着在座的其他客人。在他这样观察时，他发现女主人的脸上显出一种奇异的表情。她两眼盯着正前方，脸部肌肉在微微抽搐。她向站在座椅后面的印度男仆做了个手势，对他耳语了几句。男仆两眼睁得大大的，迅速地离开了餐室。在座的客人中，除了那位美国人以外论证也没有注意到这一幕，也没有看到那个男仆把一碗牛奶放在紧靠门边的阳台上。那个美国人突然醒悟过来。在印度，碗中的牛奶只有一个意思——引蛇的诱饵。他意识到餐室里一定有条眼镜蛇。他意识到餐室里一定有条眼镜蛇。他抬头看了看屋顶上的椽子——那是最可能有蛇藏身的地方——但那上面空荡荡的。室内的三个角落里也是空的，而在第四个角落里，仆人们正在等着下一道菜。这样，剩下的就只有一个地方了餐桌下面。他首先想到的是往后一跳，并向其他人发警告。但他知道这样会引起骚乱，致使眼镜索受惊咬人。于是他很快讲了一通话，其语气非常威严，竟使所有的人安静了下来。我想了解一下在座的诸位到底有多大的克制能力，我数三百下——也就五分钟——你们谁都不许动一动。动者将罚款五十卢比。准备好！”在他数数的过程中，那20个人像一尊尊石雕一样端坐在那儿。当他数到“……280……”时，突然从眼然处看到那条眼镜蛇钻了出来，向那碗牛奶爬去。在他跳起来把通往阳台的门全都砰砰地牢牢关上时，室内响起了一片尖叫声。“你刚才说得很对，少校！”男主人大声说。一个男子刚刚为我们显示了从容不迫、镇定自若的范例。”“且慢”，那位美国人一边说着一边转向女主人。温兹太太，你怎么知道那条眼镜蛇是在屋子里呢？”女主人的脸上闪现出一丝淡淡的微笑，回答说：“因为它当时正从我的脚背上爬过去。”
第二单元
杰斐逊很久以前就死了，但是我们仍然对他的一些思想很感兴趣,杰斐逊的箴言, 布鲁斯.布利文、托马斯.杰斐逊美国第三任总统，也许不像乔治.华盛顿和亚伯拉罕.林肯那样著名，但大多数人至少记得有关他的一件事实：《独立宣言》是他起草的。
虽然杰斐逊生活在二百多年以前，但我们今天仍可以从他身上学到很多东西。他的许多思想对当代青年特别有意义。下面就是他讲过和写到过的一些观点：
自己去看。杰斐逊认为，一个自由的人除了从书本中获取知识外，还可以从许多别的来源获得知识；亲自做调查是很重要的。当他还年轻的时候，他就被任命为一个委员会的成员，去调查詹姆斯河南部支流的水深是否可以通行大型船只。委员会的其他成员都坐在州议会大厦内，研究有关这一问题的文件，而杰斐逊却跳进一只独木舟去做现场观测。
你可以向任何人学习。按出身及其所受的教育，杰斐逊均属于最高的社会阶层。然而很少跟出身卑贱的人说话的年代，在那个贵人们除了发号施令以外。杰斐逊却想尽办法跟园丁、仆人和侍者交谈。有一次杰斐逊曾这样对法国贵族拉斐特说：你必须像我那样到平民百性的家里去，看看他们的烧饭锅，吃吃他们的面包。只要你肯这样做，你就会发现老百姓为什么会不满意，你就会理解正在威胁着法国的革命。”
自已作判断。未经过认真的思考，杰斐逊绝不接受别人的意见。“不要相信它或拒绝它。”他在给侄子的信中写道，“因为别的人相信或拒绝了什么东西。上帝赐予你一个用来判断真理和谬误的头脑。那你就运用它吧。”
杰斐逊觉得人民是“完全可以依赖的，应该让它们听到一切真实和虚伪的东西，然后作出正确的判断。倘使让我来决定，我们是应该有一个政府而不要报纸呢，还是应该有报纸而不要政府，我会豪不犹豫地选择后者。”
做你认为是正确的事。在一个自由的国家里总会有各种相互冲突的思想，而这正是力量的源泉。使自由保持活力的是冲突而不是绝对的一致。虽然有好多年杰斐逊一直受到激烈的批评，但他从不回答那些批评他的人。他在想写给一位朋友的信中表达他自己的观点：“每个问题都有两面。如果你坚持站在一面，根据它有效地采取行动，那么，站在另一面的那些人当然会对你的行动怨恨不满。”
相信未来，相信青年。杰斐逊认为，绝不可以用那些已经无用的习俗来束缚住“现在”的手脚。“没有哪个社会，”他说，“可以制订一部永远适用的宪法，甚至连一条永远适用的法律也制订不出来。地球是属于活着的一代的。他不害怕新的思想，也不害怕未来。“有多少痛苦，”他评论说，“是有一些从未发生的灾难引起的啊！我期待的是最好的东西，而不是最坏的东西。我满怀希望地驾驶着自已的航船，我满怀希望地驾驶着自已的航船，而把恐惧抛在后面。”
杰斐逊的勇气和理想主义是以知识为基础的。他懂得的东西也许比同时代的任何人都要多。在农业、考古学和医学方面他都是专家。在人人普遍采用农作物轮作和土壤保持的作法以前一个世纪，他就这样做了。他还发明了一种比当时任何一种都好的耕犁。他影响了整个美国的建筑业，他还不断地制造出各种器械的装置，使日常生活中需要做的许多工作变得更加容易。
在杰斐逊的众多才能中，有一种是最主要的：他首先是一位优秀的、不知疲倦的作家。他的全集，目前正在第一次出版的，将超过五十卷。他作为一个作家的才能很快便被发现了，所以，当1776年在费城要撰写《独立宣言》的时刻来到时，这一任务便落在了他的肩上。数以百万计的人们读到他写的下列词句都激动不已：我们认为这些真理是不言而喻的；一切人生来就是平等的……”
杰斐逊在1826年7月4日与世长辞，正值美国独立五十周年纪念日之际，他给他的同胞留下了一份丰富的思想遗产和众多的榜样。托马斯 杰斐逊对美国的教育事业作出了巨大的贡献，他认为，只有受过教育的人民组成的国家才能保持自由。
第三单元
进入大学之前，尽力去攒一些钱。作者申请了一个教书职业。但是面试变得越来越糟。我的第一份工作, 在我等着进大学期间，我在一份地方报纸上看到一张广告，说是在伦敦某郊区有所学样要招聘一名教师. 离我住处大约十英里, 我因为手头很拮据，同时也想干点有用的事，于是便提出了申请，在提出申请的同时我也担心，自己一无学位，二无教学经验，得到这份工作的可能性是微乎其微的。
然而，三天之后，却来了一封信，叫我到克罗伊顿去面试。这上路去那儿原来还真麻烦：先乘火车到克罗伊顿车站，再乘十分钟公共汽车，然后还要步行至少四分之一英里。结果，我在六月一个炎热的上午到了那儿，因为心情非常沮丧，竟不感到紧张了。
学校是一座装着大窗户了红砖房子。前庭园是个铺着砾的正方形：四个角上各有一丛冬青灌木，它们经受着从繁忙的大街一吹来的尘烟，挣扎着活下去。
开门的显然是校长本人。他又矮又胖，留着沙色的小胡子，前额上布满皱纹，头发差不多已经秃光。
他带着一种吃惊的、不以为然的神态看着我，就像一位上校看着一名没系好靴带的二等兵一样。“哦，”他咕哝着说。“你最好到里面来。”那狭窄的，不见阳光的走廊里散发出一股腐烂的卷心菜味，闻上去很不舒服；墙上墨迹斑斑，显行很脏，周围一片静寂。他的书房，从地毯上的面包屑来判断，也是他的餐室。“你最好坐下，”他说，接着便问了我许多问题：为了得到普通学校证书我学过哪些课程；我多大岁数了；我会玩些什么游戏；问到这里他突然用他那双充满血丝的眼睛盯住我，问我是否认为游戏是儿童教育的一个极为重要的组成部分。我含含糊糊地说了些不必太重视游戏之类的话。他咕哝了几句。我说了错话。我和校长显然没有多少共同语言。
他说，学校只有一个班，二十四名男生，年龄从七岁到十三风不等，除了美术课他亲自教以外，其余所有的课程都得由我来教。星期三和星期六的下午要到一英里以外的公园去踢足球、打板球。
整个教学计划把我吓坏了。我得把全班学生分成三个组，按三种不同的程度轮流给他们上课；想到要教代数和几何这两门我在读书时学得极差的科目，我感到很害怕。更糟糕的也许是星期六下午打板球的安排，因为这时候我的朋友大都会在悠闲地自得其乐。
我羞羞答答地问，“我的薪水是多少？”“每周十二镑外加中饭。”还没等我来得及提出异议，他已经站了起来。“好了，”他说，“你最好见见我的妻子。她才是这所学校真正的主管人。”
我再也无法忍受了。我当时很年轻，想到将在一个女人手下干活，就觉得是最大的侮辱。
第四单元
教授和游游- -
在一个年轻的朋友的眼里，爱因斯坦是一个朴素、谦虚而普通的人。
作者：托马斯?李?巴基与约瑟夫?布兰克
我的父亲是阿尔伯特?爱因斯坦的亲密朋友。做为一个腼腆的年轻的来访者来到爱因斯坦的家里时，我感到舒适，因为爱因斯坦说，"我有东西要给你看。"他走到他的桌前返回来时带着一个游游。他试图给我看它是怎样工作的但他没有办法让它的线绕回去。当该我来玩时，我展示我的一点技巧并向他指出绕得不正确的线使这个玩具失去了平衡。爱因斯坦点头，并对我的技术与知识留下了印象。后来，我买了一个新的游游做为圣诞节礼物寄给教授，我收到一首答谢诗。
做为一个小孩和做为一个成人，我一直都想了解身为名人的爱因斯坦。他是我认识的所有的这样的人中的一个，他承认他自身的有限性并与他周围的世界和平相处。他知道他想要的是什么并且他想要的仅仅是这个：理解在他做为一个人的限度之内宇宙的特性和在它的作用中的逻辑与简单性。他知道在他的智力所能达到的地方之外有答案。但这不能使他沮丧。他要尽自己的可能来努力。
在我们的23年的友谊里，我从未看到他显示出嫉妒、空虚、痛苦、生气、怨恨，或者个人的野心。他显得不受这些强烈情绪的影响。他超越了一切虚荣。虽然他与这个世界上最著名的人们中的一些人通信，但他的信笺只有一个水印的符号——W——是伍尔沃思连锁店的标记。
做工作时他只需要一只铅笔和一张纸。物质的事情对于他意味着什么也不存在。我从不知道他带钱因为他从不用钱。他信奉朴素，如此之深以至于他仅仅使用安全剃须刀沾水剃胡须。当我建议他试用剃须膏时，他说，"这把剃须刀与水一起就可以了。"
"但教授，你为什么不试一次这种膏呢？"我争辩道。"它使递须更平滑更少疼痛。"
他耸耸肩。最后，我送给他一管递须膏。第二天早晨当他下楼来吃早餐时，他正因为一个新的大的发现而快乐。"你知道，那膏真正有效，"他宣布说。"它没有扯胡须。感觉很棒。"于是，他每天早晨使用这种递须膏直到这管用空为止。然后他又恢复使用平常的水。
爱因斯坦是一位纯粹而完全的理论家。他对于自己的思想与理论的实际运用一点儿兴趣也没有。他的E=mc(c平方)恰是历史上最为著名的方程式——爱因斯坦也不会走到街上来看看反应堆制造原子能。他由于自己的光电学理论赢得了诺贝尔奖，在这个理论中有他在重要性上相互考虑得更少的一系列方程式，但他没有任何好奇心去观察他的理论如何使电视成为可能。
我的兄弟曾经送给教授一个玩具鸟，这只鸟站在一碗水的边缘并重复地将头浸入水中。爱因斯坦高兴地注视它，试图找出操作的原理。但他不能做到。
第二天早晨他宣布，"在我上床前我考虑那只鸟比较长的时间，我想它是这样工作的......"他开始了一次长的解释。然后他停住了，领悟到他的理论中有一个缺陷。"不，我猜想不会是这样，"他说。他推断各种理论达几天直到我建议我们将玩具拆开看看它是怎样工作的。他的迅速的不赞成的表情告诉我他不同意这种实践方法。他从没有说清这个原理。
另一个让爱因斯坦困惑的是他的名声。他已经创造了如此深奥并让少数相关的科学家兴奋的理论。但他的名字在文明世界家喻户晓。"我有好的主意，其他人也有，"他曾经说。"但它是我的幸运因为我的观点被接受了。"他让自己的名声弄糊涂了：人们想要见他；陌生人在街上凝视他；科学家，政治家，学生，和家庭妇女写信给他。他从不能理解为什么他得到了这种关注，为什么他就像某种特别的事物一样突出。
第六单元
一名外科大夫的成功之道-作者：诺兰博士
一位著名的外科大夫告诉说，在他的经历中自信是重要的。
一名医生是怎样看待他成为一名外科大夫那一刻的？当我做为一名住院医生的岁月即将结束时我不止一次地这样问自己。
这个答案，我判断，是自信。当你能对自己说，"没有外科病人我不能熟练治疗，就像其他外科大夫治疗的一样好甚至比他们还要好"——那么，一直到这时候，你才确实是一名外科大夫。我正在期待着这一刻。
例如，我们几乎每天夜晚都要遇到紧急状态。这一年开头的几个月我害怕电话铃声响起。我知道它意味着另一次批评的机会被制造。经常，当我告诉瓦特或劳瑞在一个特殊的情形下做什么之后，我很难再入睡了。我回想这件事的全部事实，不是少有的，想知道我是否已经做了一个糟糕的决定。不止一次在凌晨2点至3点，我醒着躺在床上一个小时，就起床，穿上衣服并驱车到医院看望我的病人。这是我能够找到的让心灵平静并松驰下来的惟一途径。
现在，在我的住院实习的最后一个月，睡觉不再是一个问题。依然有我不能确定我的决定是否正确的情形，但我已经了解到一名外科大夫存在的经常的问题，他从来不能够完全能解决——并且我能够与它同在。于是，我做出了一个深思熟虑的决定，我不再想这事。回想将是无助的并且我知道凭我的知识与能力，我所做出的决定是正确的。这是一种很不错的感觉。
在手术室里，我通常是自信的。我知道我有知识、技术，和在以往实践中遭遇到的紧急情形的把握能力。没有更多的紧张当我切开一个腹部或一个胸腔时。我知道即使这个病例不能够预见前进中的问题，但我能够把握住我发现的什么。我出的汗流过戳伤的肺、刺穿的胃和粉碎性骨折的我的部分。我已经流汗淌过这些部位有5年了。我不需要出更多的汗。
现在我也不害怕出错。当我结束实习期后我知道自己不可避免地要出一次又一次错，并且为不需要做手术的人做了手术或者忽视了某人的这种情形。5年前——甚至一年前——我还不能够单独地为自己判断上出现的错误负责任。现在我能够。我仍然害怕出错——我会尽量做得好一些以避免它——但我知道它们是一名外科大夫生命中的一部分。我能够镇静地接受这个事实因为我知道我是不能够避免错误的，别的外科大夫也难以避免。
这些话听起来挺自负的并且我猜它是如此——但一个外科大夫需要良好的自我感觉。他需要它鼓励他在努力的这一刻当他困惑于医疗过程中常有的怀疑与不确定时。他不得不感觉他与世界上其他所有的外科大夫一样好甚至还要强。称之为自负——称它为自信；无论它是什么，我拥用它。
第七单元
人们认为埃塞尔?阿姆斯特德准是疯了，竟然敢去面对那些在她房子外面贩卖毒品的年轻人。但埃塞尔已忍无可忍。她鼓足勇气，走出去跟那帮人谈话。下面就是所发生的故事。
离开我这个街区 琳恩?罗塞利尼
埃塞尔?阿姆斯特德一下子就喜欢上了那栋灰色的联房。房子里多出了一间卧室，还有一个很大的后院，可以让她的小外孙和外孙女在那儿玩耍。那个大理石的门廊将是夏天夜晚坐着乘凉的理想场所。
但搬进来后的第一个晚上，当阿姆斯特德下班回到家时，她却发现有一帮样子很凶的人坐在她家门前的台阶上。
她大吃一惊，说道：“请原谅，我住在这儿。”那一帮七个年轻人不情愿地站了起来，用冷酷无情的目光盯着她看。一走进去，阿姆斯特德就锁上门，从窗口往外看。她吃惊地发现那几个年轻人已经又坐在了她家的台阶上。
在以后的几个星期里，阿姆斯特德了解到她那栋房子过去长期空关时，曾被一些毒品贩子用来在前面台阶下面藏过毒品。当川流不息的车辆和行人经过时，毒品贩子就在门廊上做生意。吸毒成瘾的人就在房子后面的小路上注射毒品，并在后院里随地撒尿。
阿姆斯特德对占用她家前门的那些人不抱任何幻想。在东巴尔的摩那个充满犯罪与暴力的奥利弗地区居住的十年间，几乎每个晚上，她躺在床上都能听到毒品战激烈进行时的枪击声。但是，（在）这栋房子，有毒品贩子经常出没于她的门廊却是最糟糕的。
有时候她一天要报警好几次，恳请警察把这些毒品贩子驱散。但警车一旦在街角消失，那些毒品贩子们又会陆陆续续地回来。
作为一个50多岁、子女已经长大成人的母亲，阿姆斯特德从未想像过要进行这场战斗。但这并不是她第一次奋起应付突如其来的挑战了。在20世纪90年代中期，当她自己的女儿染上毒瘾，她的小外孙和外孙女需要人领养时，阿姆斯特德就把那三个男孩和一个女孩领来照管了。
2000年9月的一个夜晚，在她迁入新居后大约一个月的时候，阿姆斯特德向上帝祈祷：“明天我要跟那些家伙谈一谈。请帮助我。”
第二天，她直接找到那帮人的头，一个身穿牛仔裤、白色T恤衫的年轻人。阿姆斯特德的五脏六腑在翻滚，但她知道她绝不能露出恐惧的样子。
“这里是我的地方，”她平静而温和地说，脸上一直挂着装出来的微笑。“我本不需要在进自己家时还要说一声‘请原谅’。”
她对那个年轻人说，她不希望他和他的朋友们再当着她小外孙和外孙女的面贩卖毒品。他们必须离开她的住宅，离开隔壁空关的住宅，离开那个街角。</Para>
那人一声不响。阿姆斯特德的心已跳到喉咙口。随后那人点了点头。那伙人离开了。但过了几天，他们又回来了。阿姆斯特德把她的要求重说了一遍。第二天、第三天又重说了一遍。
随后，一件有趣的事情发生了。那伙人开始听话了。他们转移到了下一个街区。冬天来了，他们把她房前路上的积雪扫干净，她生病的时候，他们还来看望她。不久，他们就开始喊她“大妈”了。
她的外孙、外孙女们现在可以在街上打球了。有时候，那些年轻人也和他们一起玩。如果哪个孩子跟外婆顶嘴，某个年轻人就会说：“你不可以这样讲话。她是你外婆!”</Para>
阿姆斯特德不停地“嘀咕”，警告他们轻易得来的钱有危险。“你们会被杀头的！”她对他们说。“还是干点正经事吧！”
人们对她说，她跟那帮恶棍这样讲话真是太蠢了。尤其是在仅仅五个街区外另一个表明自己立场的大妈被杀之后。这个大妈叫安吉拉?道森。她只身与另一伙毒品贩子进行了一场战斗——结果失败了。道森家的房子被人放火烧了，安吉拉、她的丈夫卡内尔和他们的五个孩子都死了，这一悲剧成了震惊全国的新闻。邻近地区内的一名男子受到指控。阿姆斯特德不认识安吉拉?道森，但她认识她的孩子。在这场致死的大火后，她更加当心了——但她并没有停止。
而且她不仅仅限于谈话。她一直是社区组织巴尔的摩发展领导才能联合会（BUILD）的推动力。他们一起把毒品贩子从一块空地上赶走，在那里建了一个儿童游乐场。他们在学校里开办了一项放学后的校内活动，让孩子们不要到街上去。他们促使市里和当地的教堂加快了重建弃房的步伐。
不久前，阿姆斯特德偶然碰见了过去常在她门前台阶上荡来荡去的那伙人中的一个。“嗨，大妈！”那人大喊了一声，一边紧紧地拥抱着她。他告诉她，他已经找到一份工作，接着又说：“我真要谢谢你当年给我们嘀咕的那些话。”
阿姆斯特德对她产生的影响很是谦虚。她只是说：“知道自己那番话至少说服了一个年轻人，这就让我很开心了。”
第八单元
以往考虑过考试中的做弊吗？当然没有。但一些学生并不那么诚实...
诚实：它将离开时尚？- 作者：斯泰茜娅?罗宾斯
按照最近的一次民意测验，61%的美国高中学生承认在考试时至少做弊一次。它被争论如此一个反馈并不意味着多少。毕竟，最多的学生已经面对窥视邻近考试卷的诱惑。并且学生几乎不能自主地判断如此的行为。不管怎样，有其他的显示高中做弊行为可能是在上升。
越来越多的州要求学生通过能力测试为了接收他们的高中文凭。许多教育者担心在州测试的习惯中的一个增长将导致做弊行为的相应增长。一个适合的例子是纽约州的学生受到犯有轻罪的指控，即拥用并出售州董事考试的高级拷贝。
做弊现在被认为是大专院校的主要问题。几名教授说他们已经放弃了传统的答题纸的需求因为许多学生购买事先写好的答题纸，并且他们不能搜寻到更多的做弊者。
这个国家的大专院校已经决定不只是光谈论学生做弊的上升还要采取行动。例如，迈阿密大学的心理学系发动了一场停止做弊形成的运动。当409名学生列队离开他们的考场时，他们发现除了一个以外所有的出口都被锁住了。监考人要求每个学生出示一张附有照片的ID卡。那些说将ID卡留在宿舍或家里的学生被拍了面部照片。这个运动的目的是要抓那些来为别人考试的"替考人"学生。
迈阿密大学的大多数学生赞成这个运动。这所大学的报纸社论说，"像警察逮捕违法超速驾驶者一样，这个目的不是要抓每一个人而是能够概括这个词的人。"
我们经常听到"过去的好时代"的话，那里美国人更好，更幸福，更诚实。但是他们更诚实吗？也许是吧，长时间以前生活是很不同于今天的样子的。
学校的孩子习惯于知道亚伯拉罕?林肯怎样走了5公里返还一便士因为他对一位顾客要价高了些。这是我们知道的像神话一样好的故事。但在林肯的情形中，这个故事是真实的......不像乔治?华盛顿与樱桃树的故事那样。华盛顿的第一位传记作者杜撰了乔治对他父亲说，"我不能告诉一个谎话，我要用斧头来对待它。"的故事。在这两个故事中什么是重要的，不论如何，诚实被看做美国人个性的重要部分。
这些只是许多故事之外的两个故事。在上个世纪里的学生通常不读"娱乐"故事。他们阅读讲有关道德价值的故事。这些故事相当清晰地指出说谎、欺骗或偷窃的孩子的结局都是糟糕的。
父母可能会进一步鼓励这些价值。要想知道是困难的。我们知道孩子不听他们的父母谈论在税收上欺骗政府——没有任何东西。
关于为什么过去时代的美国人更诚实的一个线索就是亚伯拉罕?林肯的故事。林肯认识他的顾客。他们都生活在一个小镇子里。大超市里的结帐员会返还钱给一名顾客？它是更少有可能性。就其他方面而言，在一家夫妻经营的小店里过夜的客人会偷毛巾？它是更少有可能性。
可能这告诉我们人们需要相互知道是最诚实的。
美国人的绝大部分仍然相信诚实是一个美国人个性的重要部分。因为这一点，有大量的监督委员会分散在社会的各个层面。比起过去的岁月最近几年在学校、商业和政府中的不诚实现象显得更多，但这也可能是因为我们在揭露不诚实行为方面做得更好。
有证据表明不诚实会时高时落。当时代是困难的时偷盗和欺骗事件会上升。当时代变得更好如此事件会趋于下降。
学校中的做弊也呈现出或高或落。但它并不显示出与经济有关。
许多教育者感到当学生获得自信对于自己的能力，他们是更少会做弊。奇怪的是，一些防止做弊的努力实际上在鼓励做弊——一个人可能会感到"他们怎么也不信任我，"并且试图"冲击这个制度"。不信任会被传染。但，信任也能够传染！
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