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医学英语阅读石海英电子版

发布时间: 2023-05-30 05:42:11

① 医学专业英语答案

A. 急!急!《医学专业英语阅读一分册》求答案

我们也要考,题型有词根词缀搭配,选择,阅读,中译英...

B. 医学专业英语

saxifrage n.虎耳草,虎耳草属

C. 医学专业英语翻译软件

医学专业英语翻译软件,这个你可以上网这去下载一个网上有很多这类的东西

D. 请翻译以下医学专业英语

简介
前瞻性和回顾性研究的几十年已经证明
随着外部束和腔内治疗相结合
放射治疗是许多患者的疗效与
子宫癌的子宫颈(1,2)。不过,治疗后
与仅约20-40%的放射治疗
局部晚期宫颈癌患者仍在发展
局部复发率(3,4)。到2000年,五个随机
试验已经证明了局部复发率降低
与疾病有关的死亡时,顺铂为基础的化疗
同时给予放疗(5-9)。
然而,尽管在该领域疾病复发
不太常见的放疗,他们并没有消除;
此外,区域复发继续发生
邻近淋巴结放疗领域(4)。在一项研究中
该报告的腹主动脉旁淋巴结复发率,5年发生率
为9%,盆腔放疗后并发
顺铂和5氟尿嘧啶(4)。没有这些研究
报告对耕地位置(中央主场迎战节点)的详细信息
盆腔复发。
在中央疾病复发的情况下(可
饲料新的前后区域转移),淋巴结复发
可以被看作是可能正在因交付
的辐射剂量不足,覆盖面不足的一
处理量,或两者兼而有之。我们研究的目的是
调查淋巴结复发的患者免费网站
本地(中央或远端 *** )复发,并determihe网站之间的局部复发的解剖关系
和以往的放射治疗领域。据我们所知,
没有这种类型的研究已经做了详细的患者
放射治疗或单独或与放化疗。
尽管在我们的研究中大部分患者接受治疗
与单纯照射,这些数据将提供一个重要
未来研究的基线,可一旦完成
数量和随访病人与治疗相结合
治疗是不够的。此外,详细分析
治疗领域之间的解剖关系
区域复发的网站将有利于未来的设计
治疗策略,可能进一步降低发病率
局部复发。

E. 医学专业英语

就工作而言,其实接触到的不多,除非你有这方面的兴趣去看看国外的医学杂志;但考回研的时候当你选择导答师的时候,你会去看一些专业前沿的医学杂志或者论文,这对于一个研究生来说是相当重要的,而且是一名医学生,相比国外的医学生培养模式,国内所谓的“医学”已经够轻松了~

F. 医学专业英语翻译

Ultrasound see:
Thyroid or so in the normal range leaf size form, the spondylolysis normal thickness, be film *** ooth plete, left, and under the leaves very close to the edge essence and about the size of 4.8 agent * * * * * 3.0 3.8 mm substantial low, echo noles, boundary ShangQing, peripheral tidy, oval, quality of a material is uniform, did not see the obvious echoes calcification, rear acoustic beam no attenuation, and peripheral nolar CDFI and internal visible strip blood flow distribution, PW measures and for artery flow signal, high resistance index, about 0.7. Even more than the left lobe essence echo, did not see the unusual, blood supply in the normal range. The spondylolysis around and leaves the echo of essence in blood normal range. Both sides neck has not seen the abnormal lymph node.

G. 医学专业英语

整形外科—Plastic Surgery ; Reconstructive Surgery
普外科—General Surgery
手术室—Operation Room
骨科--Orthopedics
产科--Obstetrics
神经外内科--Neurosurgery
泌尿外科—Urinary Surgery; Urologic Surgery
消化内科-- Gastroenterology
内分泌科-- Endocrinology
神经内容科-- Neurology
心血管内科—Cardiovascular Internal Medicine
呼吸科—Respiratory Department
儿科-- Pediatrics
放疗科-- Radiotherapy
肿瘤科-- Oncology

注:心血管内科不能称为angiological,angiology 是血管淋巴管学的意思。

H. 如何成为医学专业英语的翻译员

不管是什么专业的翻译,最后能做得好的都是那些本身就是读的这方面的专业,然后加上回自己英语水平好答,才能够从事这方面的工作.毕竟要靠读英语系或者翻译专业来翻这些很专业的东西会很吃力的.
学语言的只是对语言的理解好一些,并不代表懂专业。建议你去学医,或者学一个你将来想成为某一个专业的翻译,然后提高自己的英语水平就OK了.

② 医学英语科普文章

身体健康是从物质意义对人的生活质量的理解。下面是我带来的 医学英语 科普 文章 ,欢颂慧羡迎阅读!

医学英语科普文章1

话说水果、蔬菜和野拍疾病

Five-a-Day "No Benefit" 每日五份没效果

碧裂One of the most commonly-held beliefs regarding health and nutrition in the UK has beenfound to be untrue, according to a new scientific study.

For many years British people have been recommended to eat at least 'five-a-day' – that isfive items of fruit or vegetables every day in order to improve their health and rece thelikelihood of illness, in particular cancer.

The recommendation was first put forward in 1990 by the World Health Organizationwhich said that the 'five-a-day' diet could prevent cancer and other chronic diseases.

Since then the advice has been a mainstay of public health policies in many developedcountries, such as the UK, where the population eat a high proportion of junk food.

Many health campaigns have promoted the advice, and indeed much food packaging inBritain states how the contents will constitute part of your five-a-day.

However, a study of 500,000 Europeans from 10 different countries refutes the commonly-believed suggestion that up to 50% of cancers could be prevented by increasing the public'sconsumption of fruit and vegetables.

Instead the study, which is led by researchers from a well-respected New York medicalschool, estimates that only 2.5% of cancers could be averted by eating more fruit and veg.

It seems that the key to avoiding cancers is to have an overall healthy lifestyle whichincludes not smoking or drinking a lot of alcohol, taking exercise and avoiding obesity.

But medical charities have spoken out to remind people that diet is an important factor instaying healthy, and that even a 2.5% rection in cancers is still a positive step.

Cancer Research UK said: "It's still a good idea to eat your five-a-day but remember thatfruits and vegetables are pieces in a much larger lifestyle jigsaw."

医学英语科普文章2

致命的军团杆菌

legionnaires' disease is a serious and sometimes fatal form of pneumonia. legionnaires' disease is caused by infection with legionella bacteria which are found naturally in the environment and thrive in warm water and warm damp places. man-made water systems sometimes provide environments that let legionella bacteria increase to large numbers. these man-made systems include showers, spa pools, fountains, and air conditioning cooling towers. people usually get legionnaires' disease by breathing in mists that come from a water source contaminated with legionella bacteria.

an estimated 8,000 to 18,000 people get legionnaires' disease in the united states each year. some people can be infected with legionella bacteria and have mild symptoms or no illness at all. patients with legionnaires' disease usually have fever, chills, and a cough, which may be dry or may proce sputum. some patients also have muscle aches, headache, tiredness, loss of appetite, and, occasionally, diarrhea. from the time of infection with legionella bacteria, it takes 2-10 days for symptoms to appear. in most cases, symptoms begin after 5-6 days. legionnaires' disease is treated with antibiotics, such as erythromycin. the earlier that treatment is begun, the better the outcome.

the first known outbreak of legionnaires' disease was in philadelphia, usa, in 1976. a total of 221 people contracted the disease and 34 died. most of those that died were legionnaires and that's how the disease got its name. the second largest outbreak was at the stafford hospital in england in 1985; a total of 101 people contracted the disease and 28 died.

军团病是一种非常严重的、有时可以致命的肺炎。军团病是由军团杆菌引起,这种细菌产生在自然环境中,在温水里及潮热的地方蔓延。人工供水系统有时也能为军团杆菌的大量繁殖提供生存环境。这些系统包括淋浴器、矿泉池、喷泉以及空调设备的冷却水塔。人们通常是由于呼吸了被军团杆菌污染的水源散发的水雾而传染上军团病的。

据估计,在美国每年都有国每年都有8000~18000人感染上军团病。有些军团病感染者所表现出来的症状比较温和,甚至根本就没有得病的迹象。军团病患者通常有发烧、畏寒及干咳或咳痰等表现。部分患者还有肌肉疼痛、头痛、疲劳、食欲不振及偶尔腹泻等症状。这种病的潜伏期约为的潜天。许多病例表明,出现症状需要状需要5~6天的时间。军团病可以用红霉素等抗生素进行治疗,越早治疗效果越好。

军团病已知的首次爆发是在发是1976年美国费城,221人感染疾病,其中死亡34人。由于大多的死者都是军团成员,因此称为军团病。该病的第二次大爆发是1985年在英国的斯塔福德医院。这次101个被感染者中有28人死亡。

医学英语科普文章3

女性最佳生育年龄

For women who want to have children, planning the right time is a difficult decision. In recent years, many women have opted to put off having kids until their late 20s and well into their 30s — focusing on finishing school, building their careers, traveling, and maybe even paying down their student loans before taking the leap into parenthood. Statistics show that women are waiting longer and longer to have kids — the current average age of first-time moms is up to 26.3, up from 24.9 just 15 years ago.

对于想要孩子的女性来说,合适的时间是一个艰难的决定。近年来,很多女性选择在20岁末甚至30多岁才要孩子,主要原因是她们忙于完成学业、发展职业生涯、旅行、甚至选择在为人父母之前偿还助学贷款。数据表明,女性的生育年龄越来越晚——生第一胎的平均年龄从15年前的24.9岁上升到现在的是26.3岁。

The choice to have children is extremely personal and of course there’s no wrong answer when it comes to being ready to be a mom. But according to Dr. Gillian Lockwood, medical director at the Midland Fertility Clinic in the UK, there is an ideal age when our bodies are best suited to pregnancy. Can you guess what it is?

要孩子的选择是一个非常私人的话题,选择什么时候做母亲都没有错。但是英国米德兰生育诊所的医学主任Gillian Lockwood表示,我们的身体有一个最佳的生育年龄。你能猜到是多少岁吗?

I’ll give you a hint: it’s when many of us have a quarter-life crisis. Also: when it finally becomes affordable to rent a car.

提醒一下:最佳的生育年龄是在大多数人的“青年危机”时,也是我们终于能租得起车的时候。

Yep. According to Lockwood, the ideal age to get pregnant is 25.

Lockwood表示,是的,最佳的生育年龄是25岁。

Unfortunately, says Dr. Lockwood, it’s also the age when motherhood is low on many women’s list of priorities. She explained in the Evening Standard:

Lockwood医生说,不幸的是,对很多25岁的女性来说,成为母亲并不在她们的优先任务清单上面。Lockwood医生在《伦敦标准晚报》上解释说:

“Age 25 is exactly the time when today’s young women have left university, are trying to get off on a good career, trying to pay back their student loans, trying to find someone who wants to have babies with them and trying to get on the housing ladder.”

“25岁的当代年轻女性刚刚大学 毕业 ,事业起步,忙于偿还助学贷款,找男朋友,努力买房。”

Dr. Lockwood also had some harsh words about fertility treatments being marketed as a viable option to women over 40. “The bleak reality is that the chance of IVF working with your own eggs once you are 40 is absolutely abysmal,” she said. “Would we let, yet alone encourage, patients to pay for an elective operation with a less than five percent chance of working?” While that may be Dr. Lockwood’s opinion, plenty of wannabe parents may be happy to take those chances.

Lockwood医生还批判了向40多岁女性推销不孕疗法的行为。“事实很残酷,如果你超过了40岁,用卵子进行体外受精的成功几率非常低,”她说。“谁会允许甚至鼓励病人做成功几率低于5%的择期手术?”这是Lockwood医生的观点,但仍有很多想要孩子的父母很愿意抓住这些机会。

It’s worth reiterating that there are so many factors that inform the choice to have kids and only you can decide when — and IF — you want to become a mother. Whether you choose to have kids at 20, 30, 40, or beyond; biologically, through a surrogate, or via adoption, always listen to your own body and make the decision that makes sense for your own life. You know what’s right for you.

特别强调的是,很多因素会影响要孩子的时间,只有你自己可以决定是否想成为一位母亲。不管你是在20岁、30岁、40岁甚至更大的年龄要孩子,是自己生、代孕还是收养,你都要听从自己的身体,做出对生活有意义的选择。你知道什么是最适合自己的。

③ 求医学英语词汇

Ankle: Achilles Tendonitis 跟腱炎
Ankle: Ruptured Achilles Tendon 跟腱破裂
Ankle: Sprain 踝部扭伤
Ankle Fracture 踝部骨折
Ankylosing Spondylitis 关节黏连脊椎炎
Aseptic Necrosis 无菌的骨疽
Back Pain: Approach to Management 怎样处理背痛问题
Back Pain: Prevention 预防背痛
Baker's Cyst 贝勾氏囊
Bones 骨骼的功能
Bone Tumors 骨肿瘤
Bunions 姆趾黏液囊肿大
Carpal tunnel syndrome 腕管综合症
Colles Fracture 桡骨下端骨折
Compression Fracture of the Vertebrae 脊椎压迫性骨折
Dislocation 脱臼
Dupuytren Contracture 掌挛缩病
Elbow: Golfer's Elbow 高尔夫球肘
Elbow: Tennis Elbow 网球肘
Fibromyalgia 纤维组织肌痛
Flat Foot 扁平足
Foot: Hammer Toe 锤状趾
Foot: Plantar Fasciitis 足底筋膜炎
Foot: Ulcers 脚溃疡
Fracture 骨折
Fracture: Bones in the Foot 脚部骨折
Fracture: Clavicle 锁骨骨折
Fracture Types 骨折的种类
Frozen Shoulder 凝肩
Ganglion 腱鞘囊肿
Hand Fracture 手骨折
Hand: Tenosynoritis 手部腱鞘滑膜炎
Heel Spurs 脚跟骨刺和发炎
Herniated Disk 椎间盆后凸
Hip: Arthritis of the Hip 髋关节炎
Hip and Knee Replacement 髋关节和膝关节置换手术
Hip Fracture 髋部骨折
Infectious Arthritis 感染性关节炎
Joints 关节
Knee: Arthritis 膝关节炎
Knee: Joint Pain 膝关节痛
Knee: Runner's Knee 跑步者膝盖
Knee: Torn Ligaments 膝韧带撕裂
Knee: Torn Meniscus Cartilage 半月板软骨撕裂
Knee Pain: Injury, Degeneration & Arthritis 劳损、退化与膝盖关节炎
Knee Pain and Shoes 膝关节痛与鞋子
Knee Replacement: Surgery Can Relieve Pain 膝关节置换术:手术舒缓痛楚
Kyphosis 脊柱后弯
Leg Cramps 小腿抽筋
Lumbar Herniated Disc 腰椎盆脱出
Mallet Finger 锤状指
Morton Neuroma 莫耳通氏神经瘤
Muscles 肌肉
Muscular Dystrophy 肌肉萎缩症
Neck: Osteoarthritis 颈骨性关节炎
Neck: Whiplash Injury 撞车引致的颈部扭伤
Neck: Wry Neck 颈部僵硬
Osteoarthritis 骨关节炎 (退化性关节炎)
Osteomalacia 软骨病
Osteomyelitis 骨髓炎
Osteoporosis 骨质疏松症
Paget Disease 柏哲德氏病
Ribs & Cartilage Inflammation 肋与软骨炎
RICE Therapy RICE治疗法
Rotator Cuff Injury 旋转肌边创伤
Sciatica 坐骨神经痛
Scoliosis 脊柱侧凸
Scoliosis 脊柱侧弯
Shin Splints 胫纤维发炎
Shoulder: Dislocation 肩脱位
Shoulder: Rotator Cuff Tear 轴转肌撕裂
Shoulder: Tendinitis & Caspulitis 肩部腱炎和囊炎
Spinal Stenosis脊柱狭窄
Swollen Legs, Ankles, or Feet 腿、踝或脚肿胀
Tendinitis, Tenosynovitis and Bursitis 腱炎、腱鞘炎和黏液囊炎
Trigger Finger 弹机状指

只要在网络打上“医学词汇 骨科”就出来了

④ 能不能帮忙推荐几本医学专业英语书

1.《英语医学名著汉译技巧》杨天权编,专门讲医学英语汉译的,上海中医药大学出版社
2.《医学英语阅读与翻译》(这是我听同学说的,他说不错)

其实,医学英语翻译,除了掌握翻译技巧外,专业知识也非常重要,如果所翻译的内容正好在我们比较熟悉的知识范围内,我们很容易联想到所学的知识,翻译出来的句子看起来才能专业些。

⑤ 医学科普文章英文版

由于随着科技和社会的发展,人们的生活水平不断提高,当代人把身体健康看得越来越重,对自己的饮食习惯,药物的使用与滥用和急救知识等格外关注。下面是我带来的医学科普 文章 ,欢迎阅读!

医学科普文章英文版1

为什么总是睡不好?十大常见睡眠错误

Most of us have struggled at some point with sleep. Whether it’s not getting enough sleepor struggling to get up in the morning, it can be difficult to get the balance just right.

大多数人都遇到过一些睡眠问题。有可能是睡得不够,又或者是早晨起不来,很难达到平衡睡得舒服。

However, sleep is essential if we want to be proctive in life. It provides us with theenergy we need to get stuff done!

然而为了保证精力充沛,睡眠是十分必要的。我们需要睡足了才有精力干活!

Here are the 10 most common sleep mistakes people make and a few tips for avoidingthem!

下面列出了常见的十大睡眠错误以及纠正小贴士。

1. The snooze button

闹钟止闹按钮

Don’t EVER hit the snoozebutton. It really is much more beneficial to just get up on yourfirst alarm. Think about it – the snooze button gives you an extra 10 minutes or so sleep. Inthe grand scheme of your day this really won’t provide you with any more energy. In-fact itdoes the opposite. Research has shown that ‘interrupted sleep’ can cause us to feel moretired.

千万不要按止闹按钮,其实在闹铃一响时就起来对身体更好。想想看,止闹按钮可以让你多睡10分钟或者更长一点时间。但相比于一整天满满的计划,这多睡的10分钟根本无法为你多添几份活力。事实上恰恰相反,研究表明受干扰的睡眠会让人更加疲倦。

2. Disorganized sleeping habits

不规律的睡眠习惯

It’s much easier to get to sleep each night (and wake up feeling refreshed) if we have aregular routine. This means going to bed at roughly the same time each night and getting upat roughly the same time each morning. If you’re disorganized with your sleeping routine, youend up interrupting your natural sleeping rhythms, which can cause insomnia and fatigue.

如果每天的作息时间规律,每晚会更加容易入眠(醒来时也会感到神清气爽)。也就是说每晚在相对固定的时间睡觉,每天早上在相对固定的时间起床。如果你睡觉的时间不规律,就会打乱你的生物钟,导致失眠和疲劳感。

3. Long naps

小睡时间过长

Long naps can disrupt your sleeping rhythms so if you’re desperate for a nap then keep itunder the 30 minute mark (and before 4pm). Short naps after lunch can help to restore energylevels (just make sure you don’t sleep in).

小睡时间过长会打乱人的生物钟,所以如果你真的很想打个盹儿的话,请把时间控制在30分钟以内(而且要在下午四点前睡)。在午餐后小睡一会儿有助于恢复体力(只是不要睡过头了)。

4. Caffeine/stimulants

咖啡因/兴奋剂

Don’t drink any caffeinated drinks after mid-day. Caffeine stimulatesyour body for up to 12hours after consumption so it’s important to restrict your intake later in the day. Be aware ofsupposed ‘herbal’ drinks such as green tea, which can have a high dose of caffeine. Alwayscheck the label.

请不要在中午之后饮用含咖啡因的饮料。咖啡因会持续的影响人体12个小时,所以要控制自己不要在中午以后摄取咖啡因。小心一些“草本”饮料,例如绿茶含有很高的咖啡因。每次喝饮料之前都要看一下成份标签。

5. Stress &negative thinking

压力和消极想法

Stress is a large reason why many people find it difficult to sleep. One of the worse thingsyou can do is be stressed before bed. Stress proces chemicals that physically stop us fromsleeping. Try and clear your mind before bed time and make an effort to think positive thoughtsthat aid sleep.

压力是造成人难以入眠的重要原因。在上床睡觉前带着太大压力就更加糟糕了。压力会使人分泌出某些从生理上阻止睡眠的化学物质。尝试在睡前清空所思所想,努力朝有助于睡眠的积极方面想吧。

6. Too much light

光线太亮

Our bodies depend on ‘sleep signals’ to fall asleep and one of those signals is darkness.Make sure your room is as dark as possible before trying to get to sleep. Even a thin stream oflight coming in through your window can disrupt your pinealgland’s proction of sleephormones and therefore disturb your sleep rhythms, so make sure your blinds are closed!

我们的身体依靠“睡眠信号”来入睡,其中一个信号就是黑暗。所以在睡觉前要确保房间光线尽可能暗。即便是透过玻璃窗射进来的一小束光线也可能会干扰人的松果体分泌睡眠荷尔蒙,从而干扰睡眠生物钟。因此要保证关上百叶窗!

7. Sugar before bedtime

睡前摄取糖分

Sugary snacks before bedtime are a really bad idea. The sugar can disrupt the chemicals inyour body causing you to wake up ring the night. Limit all late night sweet treats – if you’rehungry go for a protein based snack instead.

睡前吃含糖的零食真的是个坏主意。糖会破坏人体体内的化学物质,导致人在夜间醒来。因此要控制晚间吃甜食的量,如果你饿了,去吃一些蛋白质为主的零食吧。

8. Alcohol before bedtime

睡前喝酒

Alcohol is a sedativeand therefore people get fooled into thinking it will help them get agood nights sleep. The reality is that it may initially ince sleep, however it usually drasticallyimpairs sleep ring the second half of the night which leads to interrupted sleep patterns thatwill leave you feeling fatigued in the morning (not to mention the hangover!)

酒精有镇定作用,因此人们会误以为酒精能帮助睡眠。实际上酒精可能会在一开始促进人睡眠,但是它也常会在后半夜严重影响人的睡眠,打乱人的睡眠模式,让你在早上觉得很疲乏(更不用说还有宿醉了)。

9. TV in the bedroom

卧室里摆放电视

It can be easy to fall asleep on the couch in front of the TV. It’s important we don’t try andreplicatethis strategy in the bedroom though. The bedroom must only be associated withsleep. When you start to introce mental stimulation such as a TV this can severely disruptyour sleep patterns.

坐在电视机前的沙发上很容易睡着,但重要的是我们不能在卧室里尝试这一 方法 。卧室应当只与睡眠有关,把电视机之类刺激神经的东西放进卧室会严重打乱你的睡眠模式。

10. Worrying about sleep

担心睡眠

If you’ve had a few bad nights sleep, then the worst thing you can do is worry too muchabout it. When we place too much focus on sleeping this can cause anxiety and only make theproblem worse. Try to go with the flow and let your body naturally get into a healthy sleeppattern.

当你几天都睡不好后,最糟糕的事情就是你还总是担心自己的睡眠。当我们把注意力过多放在睡眠上时,就会导致焦虑,而焦虑只会让睡眠问题变得更严重。试着顺其自然地让身体进入健康的睡眠模式吧。

医学科普文章英文版2

5个有害健康的常见生活习惯

Everyday health hazard 1: Lying

日常健康危害之1:撒谎

Whether you’re complimenting your best friend’s unflattering hairdo or “improvising”on thecost of your new designer shoes, we all tell the odd fibfrom time to time. However, accordingto research, those little white lies could be more harmful than you think. Lying can generatefeelings of stress which are damaging to your health, and a study by researchers at theUniversity of Notre Dame found that when people reced the amount of lies they told theysuffered from less headaches, sore throats and anxiety.

无论你是在恭维你最好朋友那不讨喜的发型,或临时冲动购物买下最新名牌鞋,在这时候我们通常会撒一些古怪的小谎。但是最新的研究显示,即便是那些无害纯洁的小谎言也会带来意想不到的危害。撒谎会产生压力,而压力会损害你的健康。一项来自圣母大学的研究发现,当人们减少说谎话的次数时,他们就会减少头疼、咽喉疼痛和焦虑的患病次数。

Everyday health hazard 2: Eating at your desk

日常健康危害之2:办公桌上吃饭

If you’re having a busy day in work, it can be tempting to skip your lunch break and eat atyour desk. However, missing out on breaks is not only bad for your stress levels, eating whiledistracted may also mean you are more likely to overeat. Furthermore, spending your lunchhour at your desk can lengthen the time you are physically inactive and also expose you toharmful bacteria. According to a study by the University of Arizona, your work station containsnearly 400 times more germs than the average toilet seat, making it a less than ideal place fordining.

如果你工作忙绿,你的午餐休息时间可能没了,就不得不在办公桌上吃午饭。然而错过了休息不仅会让你感到压力紧张,而且心烦意乱的你在这时候吃饭会导致你进食过量。此外,在办公桌上吃饭,你的身体不活动的时间就会增加,还会让你暴露在有害的细菌环境中。亚利桑那大学的研究 报告 显示,办公环境细菌量是马桶座圈平均量的400倍,你还想在这样的地方进餐吗?

Everyday health hazard 3: Housework

日常健康危害之3:家务

Need an excuse to put your feet up? Well, good news: research suggests that leaving thehousework for another day could give your health a boost! Research results published in theJournal of Family Psychology revealed that doing housework when you get home from workprevents levels of cortisol (the stress hormone) from lowering and reces recovery fromstress. However, stress levels for both men and women were lowered by housework beingcompleted – just so long as they weren’t the ones doing it. Look after your health by takingturns to do the housework with other members of your household if possible, and take timeout to relax afterwards.

想找个理由不做家务?那有好消息了:研究显示,人们把 家务活 留到第二天做,身体会更棒!《家庭心理学》刊登了这篇研究报告,报告结果显示,当你下班回家后做家务活,皮质醇(压力荷尔蒙)的释放会被抑制。皮质醇能降低压力,还能缩短受压后的恢复时间。但是当家务被完成后,男性和女性的压力水平都会降低——只要做家务的不仅仅只有他或她。可以的话,你可以和家人分担家务,这样能让自己保持健康,还有家务过后记得要抽时间休息啊。

Everyday health hazard 4: Using cash machines

日常健康危害之4:使用自动提款机

Withdrawing money from ATM machines is a common habit for most of us. However,cleanliness tests in Britain have revealed that cash machines are just as dirty as public toilets,and many of us are failing to wash our hands after using them. Experts assessed swabs fromthe key pads on cash machines and also from nearby public toilets and found that they bothcontained the same types of bacteria known to cause sickness. To look after your health, usean antibacterialhand gel once you have made your withdrawaland after handling money.

从自动提款机中提起现金是大多数人的日常习惯。然而一项英国的洁净测试显示,提款机和公厕一样脏,而且,大多数人在使用后都不会去洗手。专家们在自动提款机的键盘和附近的公厕中提取了样品,发现两者均含有同样致病菌。为了您的健康,请在提款和处理钱款后使用抗菌洗手液清洗。

Everyday health hazard 5: Cancelling plans

日常健康危害之5:取消计划

Find yourself frequently cancelling plans and ling out on social events to have a bit oftime to yourself? Then it may be time to pay some attention to your social life. While a bit of‘me time’ is essential to good mental and physical health, too much time on your own canactually be bad for you. Research suggests that having strong social bonds promotes brainhealth, reces feelings of depression and stress and encourages you to look after yourhealth. In fact, a study found that having few friends affects your longevityas much as smoking15 cigarettes a day.

发现自己频繁取消计划,还想摆脱社交活动,只为挤出属于自己的空闲时间?那么现在是时候在自己的社交生活中多多用心。拥有少量属于自己的时间,对于精神和身体方面是非常有益处的,但是太多属于自己的时间,反而有可能会害了你。研究显示,较强的社交联系有益于大脑的健康,同时能避免抑郁、降低压力,还能鼓励自己多关注自身的健康。事实上一项研究发现,没有朋友也会减少你的寿命,效果相当于1天抽15根烟。

医学科普文章英文版3

睡前玩iPad会影响睡眠质量

Using tablet computers like Apple’s iPad and Samsung’s Galaxy Note just before bed can lead toa poor night’s sleep, according to research.

More and more people are taking their tablets to bed with them to surf the web, checkFacebook or email before switching off the light.

But researchers are warning that the blueish light their screens emit can stop users getting agood night’s sleep.

That is because this type of light mimics daylight, convincing the brain that it is still daytime.

Blue light suppresses proction of a brain chemical called melatonin, which helps us fall sleep.This is because our brains have evolved to be wakeful ring daylight hours.

By contrast, light which is more orange or red in tone does not suppress melatoninproction, perhaps because our brains recognize it as a cue that the day is ending.

Neurologists have known for years that staring at screens late in the evening can disrupt sleep- be they television screens, computer screens or mobile phone screens.

However, because mobiles and tablets are by nature portable - not to say addictive - morepeople are taking them into the bedroom.

Users also tend to hold them much closer to their eyes than a computer or television screen.

Researchers at the Lighting Research Centre, at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in NewYork, are warning that looking at tablet displays for more than two hours “leads to asuppression of our natural melatonin levels as the devices emit optical radiation at shortwavelengths” - in other words, they emit bluer light.

They say: “Although turning off devices at night is the ultimate solution, it is recommendedthat if these devices are used at night displays are dimmed as much as possible and that thetime spent on them before bed should be limited.”

They drew their conclusions after measuring melatonin levels in 13 volunteers, after they hadspent time viewing iPads at full brightness at a distance of 10 inches, for two hours.

Melatonin levels were significantly lower after they had done this, than they were after thevolunteers had viewed their iPads for the same time, but while wearing orange glass goggles,which cut out the blue light.

They wrote in the journal Applied Ergonomics that tablet makers could "tune the spectral powerdistribution of self-luminous devices" so that they disrupted the sleep patterns of users less.

It is not just a good night’s sleep that could be jeopardized by too much late night screentime.

Researchers know that persistent disruption to sleep patterns can lead to an increased risk ofobesity, and even breast cancer.

However, these studies tend to be comparisons of those with chronic sleep disruption, suchas long term shift workers, with those who have normal sleep patterns.

⑥ 医学英语txt全集下载

医学英语 txt全集小说附件已上传到网络网盘,点击免费下载:

⑦ 医学资格证英语答案百度

A. 医学生英语考试有哪些

职称英语吧,主治医师需要过B级,主任医师需要过A级。

B. 医学资格证

医师资格证是行业准入考试合格获得的证书。医师资格证考试是评价申请医师资格者是否具备从事医师工作所必须的专业知识与技能的考试。可以评价申请医师专业知识的能力。

C. 我是医学英语专业的学生,想考教师资格证,不知道有哪些要求

大专以上学历都可以报考教师资格证。没有专业限制。

我们国家规定:幼师:回具备幼儿师范学校毕答业或高等教育学历。

小学教师:应当具备大学专科毕业及其以上学历;

初中教师:应当具备大学专科毕业及其以上学历;

高中教师:应当具备大学本科毕业及其以上学历;

中职教师:具备大学专科及以上学历以及具备相当于助理工程师职称;

中职实习指导教师:具备中等职业学校毕业及以上学历,并具有相当于助理工程师或中级以上工人技术等级,对于确有特殊技艺,并获得国家职业技能鉴定机关颁布的相当于技师以上等级证书者,其学历要求可适当放宽;

高校教师:具备研究生或者大学本科毕业学历。

D. 求 医学英语考试题 要求带答案 非常感谢

网上有好多模拟试题,我在国家医学考试服为中心看到过!希望可以帮到您!

E. 执业医师考试英语怎么翻译

执业医师考试:Practitioners Exam,这是一个固定搭配。

词汇解析

1、

英[præk'tɪʃ(ə)nə]美[præk'tɪʃənɚ]

n. 开业者,从业者

例:Youcan dothis ,asapractitioner.

作为一名从业者,您可以通过只选择那些您感兴趣的角色来进行操作。

例:Theonly .

在所有这些变化中唯一不变的就是转化的从业者。

2、exam

英[ɪg'zæm; eg-]美[ɪg'zæm]

n. 考试;测验

例:I don't want to take any more exams.

我不想再参加任何考试。

例:These medical exams have shown I am in perfect physical condition.

这些体检已表明我健康状况非常好。

(5)医学资格证英语答案网络扩展阅读

exam 用法

exam作为名词时有以下含义:<口>考试、检查、审查、考查。

常用搭配:

exam paper 考卷

final exam 期终考试

oral exam 口语考试。

用作名词 (n.)

1、He repeatedly fails to pass the exam.

他考了多次都不及格。

2、I was really in a fog after the exam.

考完试后,我真的感到稀里糊涂。

F. 求医学英语教程答案

医学人文英语教程答案
Unit 1. History of medicine

Keys
Text A
Language Focus
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary, and pay
attention to the tense, voice and collocations of the verbs.
1. is credited with;
2. are sometimes referred to as;
3. was supposed to;
4. were espoused by;
5. in addition to;
6. was attributed to;
7. categorize;
8. is given credit for;
9. though.
Sentence Simulation
(略)

Translate the following sentences into English.
1.

Hippocrates proposed the humoral theory that the body of man has four distinct bodily fluids
in itself: blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile, different mixture of which leads to
different temperaments.

2.

In ancient Greece, career as a doctor was passed on from father to son, so Hippocrates studied
medicine under his father from his early age.

3.

Ancient Greek medicine was a field restricted by religious superstition where wizards cured
diseases by means of prayer, magic or ritual recitation of spells.
4.

It now appears that Hippocrates was incorrect in his explanation of the causes of human
temperament, but his temperament categories and names have been in use ever since.
5.

Ancient Western doctors about to enter medical practice were required to take an oath on
medical ethics, which was derived from the oath of Hippocrates, an ancient Greek physician
revered as "father of medicine
” in the West
.
6.

As the father of Western medicine, Hippocrates is the first to formulate the code of ethics that
doctors are required to ply with. Furthermore, his medical opinions and medical practice
have exerted a huge influence on the development of Western medicine for centuries.
Text B
Answer the following questions according to text B you have read.
1. Four traditional examination methods: looking, listening and *** elling, asking, and touching.
2.


TCM
can
make
diagnoses
and
treat
patients
without
needing
a
scientific
understanding
of
cause
and
pathogenesis
.

the
fundamentals
of
TCM
remain
largely
unchanged
and
its
theories
inexplicable to science.
3
.

the methodological quality of trials is low
.

Most of these trials are published in Chinese,
inaccessible to western doctors, and not included in systematic reviews.


Selective publication
of positive trials is another problem.
4. All natural phenomena could be categorised into Yin and Yang (o opposite, plementary,
interdependent, and exchangeable aspects of nature), everything in the universe consisted of five
basic
elements
(wood,
fire,
earth,
metal,
and
water),
and
the
universe
was
constantly
changing
towards dynamic balance or harmony. Yin refers largely to the material aspects of the ani ***
and Yang to functions. There is a circulation of Qi (energy) and blood. The ans work together
by regulating and preserving Qi and blood through the so-called channels and collaterals. Disease
occurs after a disturbance in Yin-Yang or flow of Qi or blood, or disharmony in the ans caused
by pathogenic (eg, sadness, joy, lifestyle) and climatic factors (dampness, heat, cold). Treatment
aims to expel or suppress the cause and restore balance.
Unit 2

Health professionals for a new century
Text A
Language Focus
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.
1.

integration
2.

kept pace with

3.

adopts

4.

In view of
5.

effectiveness
6.

ultimate
7.

acquiring
8.

attributes
9.

shifts
10.

encounter

Translate the following sentences into English.
7.

Medical science is no longer simply biomedicine, but a prehensive discipline of
humanities, social sciences and biomedicine.
8.

Science and technology development, along with social progress, has put forward higher
demands and greater challenges on higher medical ecation.
9.

Medical ecation is characterized by a high degree of specialization and practicality, as well
as a paratively high cost and a long training cycle.
10.

It is the main task of medical schools to train good doctors needed by the people.
11.

The objective of clinical medical ecation is to train capable and well qualified academic
doctors with a solid professional foundation and a broad spectrum of knowledge.
12.

The innovation of teaching methods has not only improved the students' initiative and
enthusia *** to learn, but also enhanced the quality of clinical teaching and practice.
13.

In spite of its great progress, our country

s medical ecation still fails to keep pace with
social progress, development of science and technology, and needs for medical and health

reform.

Translate the following passage/sentence into Chinese.
1.

过去一个世纪教育的进步在于三个时代的教育改革。第一个时代始于
20
世纪初,注重教
授科学课程。大约于
20
世纪中期,第二个时代的改革开启了问题导向式的教学革新。现
在,我们需要进行体系导向式的第三个时代的教育改革,通过调整核心专业技能使其适
应特定环境,同时借鉴国际化知识,从而提升医疗体系的性能。

2.

迁移学习是一种重要成果,其包含了三个基本的转变:从对事实的记忆转变为对信息的
搜索、分析和综合从而作出决策;从追求专业文凭转变为实现核心竞争力从而达到医疗
体系里有效的团队协作;还有,从对教育模式不带批判的照搬应用转变为对整体资源的
创造性改造以应对局部的重点问题。

3.

医护人员在过去一个世纪以来对人类健康和发展做出了巨大贡献,然而,自满只会让人
们继续徒劳地采用
20
世纪的教育策略,而无法应对
21
世纪的挑战。

Text B
Answer the following questions according to text B you have read.
1.

Because it is crucial to tackle the obstacles of the 21st century.
2.

The oute-based core curriculum has served as a framework in many countries, and can be
adjusted for specific local needs as postulated by the missioners.
3.

Students
participate
in
an
international
forum
which
brings
together
students
of
medicine,
nursing,
pharmacy,
and
allied
health
professions
(namely,
the
World
Healthcare
Students
Symposium). The benefits of the annual World Healthcare Students Symposia are for students
to
learn
to
understand
the
different
professions
and
discuss
the
best
ways
of
effective
and
fruitful collaboration.
4.

The
authors
think
the
proposed
focus
on
the
implementation
of
innovative
and
promising
information
and
munication
technologies
merits
attention
and
believe
in
its
potential
benefits
for
the
ecation
of
medical
students.
According
to
the
authors,
students
from
low-ine countries with a lack of resources can especially benefit from such initiatives as
the website Health Sciences Online, although such free initiatives should not counteract the
proposal to focus development assistance more strongly on health profes
sionals’ ecation.

5.

Yes.
Student
initiatives
have
tackled
climate
change,
migrant
health,
and
other
issues
of
global and national relevance.
6.

Overall,
medical
students
worldwide
have
been
playing
an
active
role
in
implementing
the
remendations of the Global Commission mainly by developing their own oute-based
core
curricula
and
launching
an
international
forum
which
brings
together
students
of
medicine, nursing, pharmacy, and allied health professions, among other initiatives.

G. 执业医师资格证 英文怎么写

没有具体的固定的用法,根据不同情形下用不同的单词,给你些例子,可以参考一下

这个新律师被发现有犯法罪行后被取消执业资格。
The new lawyer was di *** arred from practice after he had been found guilty of unlawful acts.
这个年青律师被发现有犯罪行为时,被取消执业资格。
The lawyer was di *** arred from practice when he was round guilty of unlawful acts.
要获得医师资格需时六年。
It takes six years to qualify as a doctor.
取得医生资格
qualify as a doctor
她是个执业医生。
She's a practising doctor.
我希望取得医生资格。
I hope to qualify as a doctor.
他在2年前就取得了医生资格。
He qualified as a doctor a couple of years back.
他是执业医生。
He is a medical practitioner.
多年来使他焦虑不安的是,尽管他治愈许我病人,但他仍没有取得医生资格。
For many years he was sitting on thorns,he had never qualified as a doctor,although he cured many of his patients.
资格证明,执照使某人适合某一特殊职位或任务的特性、能力或成就
A quality,an ability,or an acplishment that makes a person suitable for a particular position or task.

H. 历年医学资格证考试真题

31.有关B超检查胆道疾病的优点中,哪项不正确
A、确诊率高 B、安全,无痛苦 C、术前不需禁食、禁水 D、无任何禁忌症
E、是无损伤检查法
32.胆总管结石与胰头癌的主要鉴别点是
A、有无皮肤瘙痒B、有无胆囊肿大 C、有无进行性黄疸 D、有无肝功改变 E、有无淀粉酶改变33.王先生,35岁,长期吸烟,右下肢反复发作静脉炎,并有间歇性跛行,最可能的诊断是
A、雷诺病
B、动脉栓塞
C、大动脉炎
D、血栓闭塞性脉管炎
E、动脉硬化性闭塞症
34.泌尿外科患者的护理中,尤为重要的是
A、记出入量
B、保持床单位整洁
C、鼓励多饮水
D、保持尿液引流通畅
E、及时更换被浸湿的敷料
35.下列哪项不是膀胱镜检查的禁忌症
A、膀胱容量小于50毫升
B、膀胱肿瘤早期 C、全身感染严重 D、尿路急性炎症 E、尿道狭窄
36.骨折、脱位共有的特殊体征是
A、弹性固定
B、异常活动
C、骨擦音
D、畸形
E、关节部位空虚
37.开放性骨折最重要的治疗措施是
A、早期彻底清创
B、早期使用抗生素
C、及时使用TAT
D、及时复位固定
E、镇静止痛
38.下列哪项不是骨折的专有体征
A、功能障碍
B、创伤处畸形
C、假关节活动
D、骨擦音
E、骨擦感
39.妊娠后心血管系统发生变化不会出现的是
A、心搏出量增加
B、心率加快
C、大血管扭曲
D、心尖部可闻舒张期杂音
E、膈肌上抬,心脏变位
40.新生儿出生时呼吸频率约为
A、10-20次/分
B、20-30次/分
C、30-40次/分
D、40-60次/分
E、60-70次/分
答案31-40:C :C :D :D :B :D :A :A :D :D
41.临产后的主要产力是
A、腹肌收缩力
B、膈肌收缩力
C、产妇向下屏气
D、子宫收缩力
E、肛提肌收缩力
42.出生后多长时间内将裸体新生儿俯卧在母体胸前
A、30分钟内
B、40分钟内
C、50分钟内
D、60分钟内
E、70分钟内
43.痛经,下述哪项不正确
A、原发性痛经生殖器官无器质性病变
B、继发性痛经生殖器官有器质性病变
C、多发于无排卵型月经
D、痛经常于行经前数小时开始
E、痛经者可用解痉药
44.子宫脱垂是指子宫颈外口达
A、坐骨结节水平以上
B、坐骨结节水平以下
C、坐骨棘水平以上
D、坐骨棘水平以下
E、骶尾骨以下
45.哪段时期可作 *** 灌洗
A、月经期
B、妊娠期
C、产褥期
D、排卵期
E、 *** 流血期
46.急性肾小球肾炎最主要的临床表现是
A、水肿、少尿、高血压、蛋白尿B、水肿、少尿、血尿、高血压
C、水肿、少尿、蛋白尿、血尿
D、蛋白尿、氮质血症、高血压
E、血尿、少尿、高血压、氮质血症
47.婴幼儿最常见的贫血是
A、感染性贫血 B、失血性贫血C、溶血性贫血 D、营养性缺铁性贫血
E、营养性巨幼红细胞性贫血
48.护理法洛氏四联症患儿,要注意保证入量,防止脱水。其目的是
A、防止便秘 B、防止休克 C、防止血栓栓塞 D、防止心力衰竭 E、防止肾功能衰竭
49.小儿扁桃体炎的好发年龄为
A、新生儿
B、1岁 C、1~3岁
D、4~10岁
E、14~15岁
50.口服补液盐治疗腹泻适用于
A、频繁呕吐者 B、新生儿腹泻 C、腹胀明显者 D、重度脱水者 E、轻、中度度脱水者
答案41-50:D :A :C :D :D :B :D :C :D :E
51.婴儿佝偻病的主要病因是
A、饮食中缺钙 B、甲状旁腺素缺乏 C、缺乏维生素D
D缺乏维生素A E、食物中钙、磷比例不当
52.新生儿排出胎便的正常时间是
A、12小时内 B、18小时内 C、24小时内 D、36小时内 E、48小时内
53.新生儿期是指
A、自出生脐带结扎开始至生后28天内
B、自受孕至生后脐带结扎来源 66考试网
C、自受孕28周开始至生后28天
D、自出生脐带结扎开始至生后7天
E、自出生脐带结扎开始至生后满1个月
A2题型
54.孙先生,40岁,因寒战高热,咳嗽,胸痛,来院急诊,胸透右上肺有云絮状阴影,查痰肺炎球菌(+),该病人血象如何?
A、嗜酸粒细胞增加
B、淋巴细胞增加 C、中性粒细胞增加
D、大单核细胞增加 E、嗜碱性细胞增加
55.郑女士,38岁,已确诊糖尿病,昨天下午突然昏睡,送医院经尿化验认为是糖尿病酮症酸中毒,问尿验应有何显示?
A、尿蛋白(+) B、尿白细胞增加 C、尿糖(+) D、尿酮体(+++) E、尿红细胞增多
56.病人腹壁静脉曲张,以上的腹壁静脉血流方向由下向上,脐以下亦由下向上。可能性最大的原因是
A、门静脉高压 B、上腔静脉回流受阻 C、下腔静脉回流受阻 D、大量腹水 E、脾肿大
57.某病人心前区较饱满。体查:有奇脉,颈静脉怒张,肝颈静脉回流征阳性。应考虑为:
A、先天性心脏病 B、右心功能不全 C、左心功能不全 D、心包积液 E、纵隔肿瘤
58.男,40岁,近月来头痛、恶心,有时呕吐,无发热,血压20/12.6kPa(150/97mmHg)、脉搏46次/min,此脉搏被称为
A、绌脉 B、洪脉 C、水冲脉 D、缓脉 E、不整脉
59.王女士,25岁,因被车撞伤,病人烦躁不安,脉快,收缩压正常、脉压小,面色苍白,出冷汗考虑是:
A、疼痛引起 B、休克早期 C、休克期 D、休克晚期 E、精神紧张引起
60.丁先生,50岁,急性肾衰少尿期,患者突然呼吸困难,头痛头晕,软瘫,心律不齐,心动过缓,腹胀,应考虑:
A、高血钾症 B、低血钾症 C、水中毒 D、酸中毒 E、尿毒症答案51-60:C答案:A答案:A答案:C答案:D答案:C答案:D答案:D答案:B答案:A

I. 职业医师资格证用英文怎么说

职业/执业来医师资格证自
Certificate of Licensed Practising Physician

还有一些相关的词汇你也可以参考一下
医师资格证书
Certification of Practising Physician
专业技术任职资格
Professional Qualification Certificate

⑧ 英语教育硕士毕业论文

关于英语教育硕士毕业论文范文

引导语:关于英语教育硕士毕业论文范文,供英语教育硕士生借鉴与参考!

关于英语教育硕士毕业论文范文

基于研究生教育中医学英语教学方法的构建

1 讲解与本课相关的构词法

医学英语的关键悄型在词汇, 主要是名词和形容词。名词和形容词由前缀、词根和后缀组成。因此, 若能熟练掌握一些与本课相关的前缀、词根和后缀, 那么许多长词、难词便迎刃而解。如讲授《大学公共医学英语》(上)中第4单元的Text B—HeartFailure时,可先讲解如下构词要素。词根有:( 1)“cardi- ”表示“心”, 如 electrocardiogram( 心电图) ;( 2)“myo- ”表示“肌”, 如cardiomyopathy( 心肌病) ;( 3)“steno- ”表示“狭窄”, 如 www.51lunwen.com stenosis( 狭窄) ;( 4)“vaso- ”表示“血管”, 如 vasodilator( 血管舒张药) ;( 5)“aort- ”表示“主动脉”, 如 aortectomy( 主动脉祥运唯部分切除术) ;( 6)“thromb( o) - ”表示“块, 血栓”, 如 thrombin( 凝血酶) 。前缀有:( 1)“brady- ”表示“慢, 迟钝”, 如 brandycardia( 心动过缓) ;( 2)“tachy- ”表示“快, 快速”, 如 tachycardia( 心动过速) 。后缀有:( 1)“- pathy”表示“疾病或疗法”, 如 hydropathy( 水疗法) ;( 2)“- gram”表 示“ 图 , 像 ”, 如 thermogram( 温 度 记 录 图) ;( 3)“-graph”表示“描计器”, 如 electrocardiograph( 心电描计器) 。对前、后缀及词根的讲解不宜过多, 最多占用 20 分钟, 否则学生会不不易接受。

2 阅读全文, 写出概要或分段总结

阅读是对新学词汇的复习, 在具体环境中, 学生可将词汇记得更准、更牢。读完之后要让学生写出概要或分段总结, 这样他们能进一步理解全文。这种方法有助于培养他们的速读能力。对研究生来说, 医学英语的学习重点在于阅读与翻译。一要能读懂外文文献( 尤其是英文文献) , 这样才能满足未来工作中对英语的需求; 二要能英汉互译一些文献, 这样才能精确地把别人的东西变成自己的, 同时也能把自己的东西译成英文, 供更多人查阅与参考, 从而有助于学术交流。而速读是读懂大意的最佳方法, 因此要培养学生这一良好的阅读习惯。另外, 写作也是研究生未来工作中必不可少的技能之一。梁正溜教授指出: 理解是输出的基础, 理解只有在输出中才能得到检验和修正。换言之, 只有读懂了, 才能写好; 而写的过程又是对全文再一次理解与修正的谨培过程。通过这样的练习可有效培养学生的写作能力。

阅读有助于复习刚学到的词汇, 速读有助于掌握大意, 写作有助于再一次把握全文并为翻译打基础。

3 分组翻译, 互相学习

华仲乐教授指出: 表达空间创于课堂讨论之中, 这种讨论本身就是一种双方互动的交际, 负载大量参考信息, 帮助学生自我肯定、自我修订, 从而达到让学生在课堂中积极思维和参与的目的。仍以文中提到的“Heart Failure”一课为例, 让学生 4 人一组, 每组翻译一小段。分组翻译的优点很多:

( 1) 取长补短、相互学习。应届生英语基础往往比较扎实, 较长、较难的句子也能翻译出来; 而往届生则专业知识比较扎实。他们可以取长补短, 在讨论中相互学习, 同时也能增进彼此的了解, 使其学会合作。

( 2) 态度认真、精益求精。每组任务量都不大, 少而精, 锻炼了他们严格认真、精益求精的科学态度。( 3) 翻译技巧初步涉猎。翻译中教师要有意识地提醒学生注意某些翻译技巧, 如词义的处理、词性的转换、增译、省译、被动语态的翻译以及长句的处理等。总之, 分组翻译既可让学生练习翻译技巧, 学习语言知识和专业知识; 又可让其增进了解、学会合作。

4 教师点评, 共同促进

在规定时间内完成任务后, 每组派一名代表汇报他们的研究成果, 其他学生则注意听别人的翻译是否与自己的译文相符。汇报完后, 可先让其他组成员提出异议, 然后教师点评。教师点评时应注意以下几点:( 1) 注意翻译技巧。如词义的选择、词性的转换、增译、被动语态的翻译等。( 2) 注意某些常用医学词( 组) 的翻译。如上文提到的“Heart Failure”一课中, secondaryto 译成“继发于”, be associated with 译成“和...并发, 伴有...”。( 3) 注意某些专业术语的翻译。如 pressure overload 和 volumeoverload 分别译作“压力超负荷”和“容量超负荷”, prior myocar-dial infarction 译作“陈旧性梗死”, pulmonary capillary wedgepressure 译作“肺毛细血管楔压”。

5 精选练习, 巩固复习

本教材的优点之一是练习出得好, 尤其是 Text B 的练习,紧密结合所学知识, 能让学生在练习中巩固所学知识。如第 1题“answer the questions”, 有助于学生理解全文; 第 2 题“definethe terms”, 有助于学生练习口语表达; 第 3 题“phrases transla-tion”, 有助于学生复习所学专业词汇; 第 4 题“summary transla-tion”, 既锻炼了学生的汉译英技巧, 又进一步理解了全文, 且通过英汉互译进一步了解 2 种语言的差异。这些练习可以精选、也可以全做, 总的来说, 这些练习从阅读到翻译再到口语都有所涉猎。教师可充分利用课后练习, 有选择、有目的的专项或集中讲解, 以帮助学生巩固知识。综上所述, 这种教学模式可促进师生相互学习、取长补短,增进了师生间、学生间的相互了解, 最终达到教学目的。

参考文献:

[1]Dudley Evans, St John. Developments in English for Specific Purposes[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

[2]黄和斌. 外语教学理论与实践[M]. 南京: 译林出版社, 2001.

[3]赵贵旺. 大学公共医学英语( 上) [M]. 北京: 人民军医出版社, 2006.

[4]梁正溜. 在英语教学中要注重输出[J]. 外语界, 1999, 76( 4) : 53.

[5]华仲乐, 梁正溜. 探索新世纪医学英语教学之路[J]. 外语界, 2001, 82

[知识拓展]

下文是教育类毕业论文经典参考范文

教育问题既是一个理论问题,又是一个实践问题。作为理论问题必然涉及教育目的、意义、思想等;作为实践问题又涉及如何实现教育的目的、意义和思想等。故此,两者的研究都离不开价值的视野。教育本身的行为就是一个价值的行为。关于教育价值问题的研究,我国学者起步较晚,而国外在18世纪就已经开始研究了。斯宾塞最早提出“什么知识最有价值”的问题;杜威将教育价值分为内在价值与工具价值,一个是个体意义,一个是社会功用。此后,人们又从文化价值观和哲学价值论等角度对该问题给予论述与研究。

一、教育是一种价值选择

教育和价值是两个不同的概念。教育是有目的性的,有目的必然有价值。价值又有物质和精神两个方面。教育与价值的逻辑体现在:1)教育与价值之间没有任何关系;2)教育的概念是基本的,价值的概念是根据教育的概念来界定的;3)价值的概念是基本的,教育的概念是根据价值概念来界定的;4)教育概念和价值概念都不能根据对方来界定自己。本文要研究的是教育价值,所以,主要讲先有教育,再有教育价值。王坤庆教授认为,价值在哲学的意义上是与事实相对应的一个概念。如果说事实主要是科学研究对象的话,那么,哲学则要回答价值的问题。引用李凯尔特(h.rickert)的话就是,世界是由现实和价值构成的,主体与客体是现实世界的一个部分,与这个部分相对的是价值的世界。教育的行为在每个有理性的人看来都会是价值的行为。教育价值是一种内涵于教育活动中“好”的属性,它客观地存在于教育现象之中。正因为教育是有价值的,所以,它自产生以来,一直是影响人类社会生活的重要方式。由于有了教育,人类文明才得以传承、创造和转化。教育价值在本质上反映的是一种积极的、向上的、肯定的和好的方面的含义。在教育实践中选择正确的教育价值,分析和克服负面和消极的教育价值是非常必要的.。

教育是一种价值选择,体现在作为社会实践主体的人的一种需要。按照价值主义的看法,价值是完全依赖于人的,是依赖于人的主观需求的。某一事物有价值,是因为人们追求它和需要它,因而价值主要取决于人的需求。教育有价值,是因为它能提高人的文化水平,使人获得谋生的技能,改变人们的生存环境和提高生活质量。值得注意的是,价值主观主义并不认为主观需求就是价值,而认为主观需求所指向的东西才有价值。教育只有在教育客体本身的知识内化以后,变成一种能力和水平,使客体能够获得他所想要的东西时,才能体现价值。可见,教育价值的体现一般要满足三个条件,即教育对象对客体的有用性;教育对客体具有一定的目的性;客体对事物有用性所具有的欲望或者说偏好。

教育是一种价值选择,教育的行为对某种价值的取向,都是价值观作用于人的结果。人们对某个问题的态度、看法、认识也是受教育水平不同而不同的。换句话说,就是不同的人价值观不同。教育价值观有正确和错误之分。教育是一种以正确价值观为基础的价值选择,教育的价值选择是主体对客体的一种行为过程。在这一过程中,人的需要不断得到满足,客体的属性不断得到认识和改造,主体和客体在教育实践活动中趋于一致,并向积极的、肯定的和完善的方向发展,使人类社会不断趋向于文明和进步。

二、目的价值和工具价值

自从人类主动地办教育和受教育以来,教育就自然地被工具化了。社会、个人都是要通过教育,追寻教育以外的利益,并认为教育存在本身就是一种价值。“建国君民,教学为先”、“教育救国”、“科教兴国”、“经济要发展,教育要先行”之类的说法,反映了社会始终是把教育定位为一种工具,其逻辑推论是:“如果教育对于经济发展没有用处,国家、社会是不可能热心办教育的。对于个人来说,教育的意义也无外乎工具。”[1]21~22由此可见,教育价值是目的实现的工具。其实任何教育都有两种价值,教育价值也不例外。教育价值主要是理论研究的内容,旨在判断教育活动有哪些价值以及如何去追求和实现这些价值,以此形成一种有逻辑联系和基本概念的理论体系。我认为,教育价值还有一个是满足人生存和发展的价值,是基本的目的价值。工具价值是教育活动的一种类型,是人们在正确的教育价值观的引导下所从事的教育实践活动的一种称谓。目的价值和工具价值构成两个不同的价值领域,但都离不开哲学观的指导。从历史的发展来看,西方的价值教育是由于哲学上人们反对唯科学主义、倡导维护人的尊严和个性的一种教育应对。教育的目的价值和工具价值的关系是密切的,教育是主体价值取向的价值选择,教育的主体是人,而人的需求指向肯定是有目的的和需要工具的。人对一个事物有目的,那么就要有实现此目的的工具。中国有句古话,“临渊羡鱼,不如退而结网”,就是反映目的与工具的关系。因而,目的和工具对人也是有价值的。教育具有目的价值的同时也具有工具价值,因此,可以说,教育价值具有双重性。教育作为人的基本需求,既是目的,又是工具;既有目的价值,也有工具价值。目的价值和工具价值的主客体有时是统一的,有时又是分离的。作为个体本身的目的价值和工具价值的主体和客体是一致,作为主体对客体实施教育时,主体更关注的是目的价值,而客体为实现主体对自己的要求,必然要采取相应的办法和工具,因此客体更关注工具价值。从目的和工具来考察教育,不仅能提高教育的效益,也会使我们的教育偏向好的方面。也就是说,目的正确,工具未必正确;目的不正确,工具有可能就不正确,即使正确也达不到正确的目的。当然,目的和实现此目的的工具也是相对的,目的有正当与不正当之分,不正当的目的谈不上有教育价值,只有正当的目的才有目的的价值。实现目的的工具既有一个合理性的问题,也有一个合法性的问题,目的不能约束工具的合理和合法性,但是它们之间也是有内在联系的。

三、教育价值的主要体现

1.教育的个体价值

教育是个体在社会生活中自我实现的基本需要。个体有自己的理想、愿景、志向和态度;个体与社会相融,适应社会生活发展的要求,希望不断提高自己的生存质量和社会地位。个体社会化的过程其实就是自我实现的实践过程。自我实现的实践过程导致个体必须学习知识和获得技能,接受教育。个体的自身发展、自我完善和自我展示的结果就是个体教育价值的体现。个体教育价值与其自身和环境以及文化背景相联系,这就涉及个体教育价值的意义问题。不同的个体教育价值所体现的意义不同。从哲学关于人性论的基本范畴看,古今中外学者论人性,基本上是沿着善与恶的价值思路去探讨的。因此,我非常赞成卢梭的教育观,认为,人是唯一需要教育的动物,人只有通过教育才能成为人,教育对于人来说,是人性拓展和升华的天梯和大道。人性论认为,人性应有三个属性,即自然性、社会性和精神性,精神性对于人的全面发展更为重要。一个人不断地向精神世界发展和提升的时候,他才可能更像一个人,才有可能在自主活动中更全面地占有自己的本质。精神的富有永远超越于物质的富有,精神上的快乐与幸福永远高于物质上的快乐与幸福,由此可见,个体教育价值体现的核心是精神。作为个体的人,他有自己的思想和观点,这些思想和观点的价值取向受个体所处的环境和文化等诸多因素的影响,而正确的思想和观点离不开教育。中国的传统教育关注的就是道德和气节的养成;而国外个体的教育追求就与我们不同。所以说,个体的教育价值是个体教育价值观实现的途径。

2.教育的社会价值

个体不能孤立于社会,个体的教育价值离不开教育的社会价值。一个人通过教育,获得知识,掌握了一定的技能,也同时获得了知识中的功利价值和认知价值。如果没有正确的社会价值来指导,这些东西可能是个体作为向社会和他人讨价还价的资本,一旦在某些方面满足不了其私欲,则可能因反社会、反精神文化而堕落。因此,个体教育价值应是教育社会价值的体现,个体的教育价值应统一于教育的社会价值,只有社会价值内化于个体价值,才能促使个体价值观的形成。著名数学家苏步青认为,读书,不仅是要摆脱个人困境,更是要拯救中国广大的苦难民众;读书,不仅是为了个人找出路,更是为中华民族求新生。为此,他立下“读书不忘救国,救国不忘读书”的雄心壮志,他实现了个人的教育价值和社会价值的统一。

3.教育的文化价值

以斯普兰格(e.pranger)、李特(t.litt)为代表的“文化教育”学派,倡导教育中的文化价值。科学技术发展,使人们更关注物质和科学精神的养成,忽视人文精神的重要性,导致文化价值的沦落。从20世纪80年代起,人们开始觉醒,进而结束了科学与人文的对垒与分野,使人文主义价值论的研究又重新回到教育哲学的研究视野中。如果一种文化能够推动教育进步,那么它就是先进的;否则,就是落后的。马克思主义告诉我们,一种文化是否值得支持和提倡,要看它能否科学地反映、体现教育的规律和发展趋势。教育的文化价值观应当是,大力发展先进文化,支持健康有益的文化;努力改造落后的文化;坚决抵制腐朽的文化。一个国家、一个民族不能没有自己的文化,没有文化的民族是注定要衰落的。优秀的文化不仅能陶冶人的情操,形成人的意志品德,焕发精神,凝聚人心,促使文化价值的实现;而且正确的文化价值观能使优秀的文化不断创新,不断进步,不断适应社会生活发展的需要。

当然,教育价值中的个体价值、社会价值、文化价值只是它的主要方面,关于教育价值表现形式还有很多方面。随着研究的深入,人们对教育价值一定会有更全更新的认识。

;

⑨ 西安交通大学英语口译考研经验分享

西安交通大学英语口译经验贴

拟录取后,这场长达一年的马拉松终于到达了终点。人们常说,考研,只有考上那一刻是最高兴的,剩下的三年都是在痛苦中度过。是这样的。不过,这一刻,还是先享受一下快乐的感觉吧!整理好心情,终于决定把自己的经验备考经验写出来,供学弟学妹们参考。

先简单介绍一下自己

本科:广外英语专业

专四专八良好

备考过程中过三笔

l 初试

387,排名第7

这一门还算是性价比比较高的了,都是主观题,只要写了都有分,但是写了和写到点子上区别还是挺大的。

医学方面的很多,在学习医学英语课本的时候我将每单元常见的医学名词都整理到文档里,具体解释主要来自网络、医学网络等,并且还粗略的过了一遍中医基础理论,将常见的名词解释整理了出来,都归在一个文档里,九月之后就重点背自己整理的内容。自然科学十二史和中国文化读本,网上有整理好的版本,直接打印出来即可。

网络名词解释要形成自己的答题框架,比如第一句下定义,先解释是什么,然后具体展开,最后说说它的影响或作用,考试时就算遇到不会的名词,也尽量从其字面意思入手,尽量多展开一点,说不定哪些内容就答到点子上了呢。考试时中医方面出的题还挺多的,因为我们毕竟不是医学专业的,不可能对所有医学知识都了如指掌,因此我的建议是尽量弄懂中医的体系,五脏六腑之间的联系这些,这样到了考场上就算没见过这个名词,也能结合自己的理解给出答案。我鼓励大家多触类旁通,网络一定是背不完的,考察范围太广,背诵时记忆关键词即可。

作文和大作文没什么好说的,基本上是吃老本了,甚至学了几年英语中文都退化了不少,考试前记忆了一下常见应用文的格式,背一些套话就行了。大作文这几年都是给一句话,根据材料写作文。我在考试前关注了作文纸条,自己摘抄了一些好词好句,虽然考试时不一定都背下来,但是也起到了一定的作用,十一月开始每周一篇练笔。重要的是,写议论文还是要形成自己的框架,要言之有理。

写在最后

1.考研是一场马拉松,过程很难,但只要坚持,就一定会看到终点。切忌三天打鱼两天晒网,语言学习是日积月累的过程,坚持学习一天两天看不出来效果,但是坚持一月两月效果就很明显了。做好每个月的计划,并且努力完成。

2.该放的就放下来,外面的世界很精彩,朋友圈里花红柳绿,网上锣鼓喧天,但是和你又有什么关系呢?考研本就是一场孤独的旅行,静下心来你才能听到自己的声音,清楚自己最想要的是什么。

3.学不下去的时候就适当放松一下,身体很重要。

⑩ 哪找医学考博英语真题如题 谢谢了

医学考博英语真题网上很多地方都有卖的,我当时是花了80元在芦简华慧书城买的,有98年到10年的,我问他们为什么没有11年的,他们说正在收集,收集到了再免费发一份电子版的给我,不过我现在还没收到医学考博英语11年的电子版真题,算了,98年到10年的也吵哗让不错了,有机会再自己找11年的真题,确实比较难找呢!很遗憾啊,他们给我发的是纸质版的,不能发给你了,朋友!你如果升局需要这几年的还得你自己去买了!!

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