英语阅读理解神经质长寿
Ⅰ 高考英语阅读理解训练题(2)
29. What’s the purpose of the first paragraph?
A. To ask readers to think about it.
B. To introce the topic to readers.
C. To discuss the problem with readers
D. To ask readers to answer the question
30. From the passage, we know_____.
A. maximisers always get the best job
B. maximisers would rather be fast than thorough
C. maximisers sometimes consider every possible option
D. maximisers are more satisfied with their salaries than satisfivers
31. Why do satisficers feel better than maximisers?
A. Because they feel content with their choices
B. Because they have time to make a good decision
C. Because they have no patience to make decisions
D. Because they have a higher demand for their jibs.
32. According to the last paragraph, Hu advises us to_____.
A. increase the range of options B. spend time making decisions
C. accept that nothing is perfect D. stick to the decision we made
D
Forget countless glasses of water or getting your beauty sleep. The secret of looking young is simply to protect your face from the sun. A new study shows that those who avoid the sun’s rays look younger than they actually are. However, other supposed rules, from drinking lots of water to sleeping well and exercising regularly, failed to hold back the hands of time.
The finding comes from a study of 231 women of all ages who were quizzed about their living habits, including whether they were sun-worshippers. It didn’t take into account the sleep pattern. Then researchers from Massachusetts General Hospital guessed how old the women were. Those who took care in the sun tended to have aged more slowly. A lucky four had so few wrinkles and age spots that they appeared to be two decades younger than they really were.
Alexa Kimball, a professor of dermatology (皮肤学), says the popular idea that we drink lots of water to stay healthy is a myth and the body is good at judging how much we need. Previous research by the British Nutrition Foundation(BNF)reached a similar conclusion. Just drinking water for the sake of drinking water really has no effect on improving the skin.
A second study suggested that low-level day to day exposure to the sun is more ageing than occasional stay in the hot sun. Finally, DNA examination of tiny samples of the women’s skin gave some insight into the damage done by the sun.
Health experts claim that when women become old, the cells of the skin can be tired out. So they urge women should care about their face year round and not just when on a beach holiday. Besides, wearing the sunscreen every day can make a difference.
33. What do we know about the study?
A. It mainly focused on sleeping
B. The women were of the same age.
C. Four women looked 20 years younger
D. Low-level daily exposure is younger than occasional stay
34. What does Alexa Kimball agree with?
A. The body is made up of water.
B. The BNF is quite against his view.
C. Drinking water can improve the skin.
D. People shouldn’t rely on water to improve the skin
35. Which is suggested by health experts?
A. Women should avoid tiredness.
B. The sunscreen can do harm to the skin
C. Daily protection of the face is important
D. There is no need to protect the face in winter
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的.选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A little bit of kindness
In our life there are times when we don’t take action because we feel the act of kindness is too little and that it won’t make a difference. 36 There are many different ways we can show kindness to others
Some people might think that they do not have a chance to give small acts of kindness. 37 For example, if you ride on a bus, have you ever said good morning to the bus driver or do you just ignore him or her and go to your seat? A simple good morning tells the person that you acknowledge him/her. 38
When you go to the supermarket of grocery store, do you hold the door open for a young woman pushing her baby in a stroller(婴儿车)? 39 When you are at school, do you say good morning to your classmates or just go about your study without acknowledging their presence? Or, do you say something kind to those people you meet on the street that ask for money or who are selling various goods?
Generally, a good morning, a door being held open and a kind word are only a few examples of small acts of kindness which can make a difference in ways you may not realize. 40
A. And the list can go on and on.
B. Everyone can do a little bit of kindness.
C. Don’t do anything e to its small kindness
D. Actually these opportunities are everywhere
E. Don’t you just go ahead through it without stopping!
F. And it is even an acknowledgement that can help to brighten a day.
G. However, sometimes the smallest gesture can influence someone’s life.
参考答案:
第一节(共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分)
21-25 CABAD 26-30 DABBC 31-35 ADCDC
第二节(共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分)
36-40 GDFEA
作为一名执教毕业班多年的英语教师，我发现提高学生的英语阅读理解能力至关重要。一方面，英语阅读在英语测试中占的分值很高。不管是完型填空、补全短文还是短篇的短文理解，都要求学生有很好的英语阅读理解能力。阅读理解能力强与否决定着英语考试的成败；另一方面，阅读是在英语学习中要求学生掌握的四种基本技能之一。北京市特级教师王英民说过：“不会阅读就不会学英语，阅读是基础，没有阅读，就不会有很好的听力，没有阅读，就更谈不上写作。”英语阅读能提高读者的认识能力，从而促进其他三种技能（听、说和写）能力的提高。阅读也能使人增长见识，拓宽视野。但是在教学中发现，许多学生在阅读方面存在着困难，不知道正确的阅读方法。本篇文章将从三个方面出发，主要阐述用什么样的方法来增长语言知识，养成良好的阅读习惯，应该注意哪些阅读技巧，进而提高中学生的英语阅读能力，提高阅读效率。
一、尽可能多的记忆英语单词，增加自己的词汇量
掌握一定数量的单词是提高阅读理解能力的前提。如果有大量的生疏的单词,英语短文阅读起来难度很大。所以掌握一定数量的单词是学生提高英语阅读能力的前提和保证。在农村中学，由于受到特定环境的制约和影响，学生在记忆单词方面面临着很大的困难。尤其现行的牛津英语的教材词汇量扩大了不少，记忆的难度就更大了。记忆单词的方法有很多种，在教学中我经常使用的有以下几种：
1．词汇表“八到”记忆法
这是中学生使用最多的方法之一，即将生词表和人的器官相结合：眼里看到、心里想到、手里写到、嘴里拿到、耳朵听到、（结合实物还可以）鼻子嗅到、舌头尝到、手指触到。学生在记忆时不要偷懒，一定要边记边比划，把各个器官充分调动起来。这种方法使学生把目标词汇与自己的大脑神经联系，易记忆深刻，印象持久。
2．分类记忆法
即分析单词的形态，将所要记得单词根据其义、形、音进行分类。例如，按音标的拼读规则记忆单词，按词性变化记忆单词，按同音记忆单词，教师还可教给学生关于英语词根和词缀的知识等；通过词根加前缀或后缀可派生出新的单词，将两个或更多的词放在一起，可合成新的单词。
3．联想记忆法
苏联著名心理学家巴甫洛夫指出：“记忆要依靠联想，而联想则是新旧正式建立联系的产物。”美国心理学家威廉·詹姆士也说：“记忆的秘诀就是根据我们想记住的各种材料来进行各种各样的联想，而这些联想就成了各种资料的钓钩，万一资料沉没脑海，我们就可以通过联想这样的钓钩将资料钩出来。”充分运用发散思维展开自己的想象力，使所要记忆的英语单词，生动、形象和具体化，使生词与熟词之间建立一种联系，从而达到以旧带新，快速记忆的目的。
除了记忆生词表内的词汇外，学生对于课外的词汇尤其是热门词汇、新词汇要知道意思。在阅读材料时，常常会出现一些最新词汇和缩写等，如果不清楚，很可能影响对全文的理解。
二、 在平时教学中，注重培养学生的英语阅读兴趣
刚开始时，由于受各种原因的影响，学生对英语文章存在着一定的心理负担和畏难情绪。教师要定期对学生进行一定量的训练，一日一篇短文，用“蚕食”的方式来逐步训练学生。在选材时，文章体裁多样化，涉及面要广，趣闻性要强。除了课本中的阅读材料，教师还应该收集一些与学生水平相当、难度不太大、贴近学生生活、让学生易感兴趣的文章作为课外阅读训练材料。例如，可以使用一些关于西方国家风土人情、节日礼仪等方面的文章，还可以使用关于外国校园生活、笑话、寓言故事等文章。在学生读后，要求他们做一定的习题，或写出内容概要，这样既可以提高学生英语阅读理解能力，又可以训练他们的口语、书写能力。
在学生的英语阅读达到一定水平后，教师可结合考试常见的阅读题型，如说明文、科普文章等，让其练习。对学生遇到的困难要鼓励他们认真思考，推敲，要学会结合上下文理解文章的意思。可定期举办一些英语阅读竞赛，提供阅读材料，要求学生在规定的时间内完成阅读，要充分肯定他们的成绩，让他们感到一定的成功感。
三、 教会学生正确的阅读方法，明确目的，提高做题正确率
我们阅读的目的是为了从材料中获取有用的相关的信息，目的不同，题目要求不同，我们阅读的方法也不同，主要方法和技巧有以下几点：
1．如若学生只想知道文章的主旨和中心意思，只需要浏览或略读即可
在阅读时，重点读文章的首句（段）和末句（段）。因为文章的中心思想和主要意思或事情的结果大都是在文章的开头或结尾的。
2．如若学生想对文章的具体细节进行了解，就要进行精读
逐句逐段进行阅读，了解事件发生的开始、经过、结果，这对于掌握具体事实的细节有很大的帮助。
3．如果篇幅过大，故事性不强，时间又有限，学生可根据训练题目来进行有目的的选读
4．在阅读过程中，难免会遇到不熟悉或不认识的生词，影响理解
若是不重要的词汇，要求他们可以不要理会，若影响文章的理解，学生们可以结合上下文进行推敲、猜测。用这种方法，有时可以帮助文章的理解。
除了注意阅读方法，在平时训练的时候，还要注意阅读习惯和时间的合理分配。有的学生习惯出声阅读，还有的学生习惯用手指或笔指着阅读，都是不可取的。在很多情况下，尤其是考试的时候，既打扰别人，也耽误时间。学生要养成默读的习惯，在阅读时，要心无杂念，扩大视幅，减少回视。将精力全部集中在阅读的材料上，节约时间。教师在平时练习的时候，也可给学生限定时间，要求他们在规定时间内完成，尽量少查或不查词典，加快阅读节奏，为在考试中取得好的阅读成绩打下基础。
阅读理解是英语知识综合运用的体现，是进行英语教学的重要版块，是读者获得信息的重要途径。只有掌握了阅读的技巧和方法，坚持训练，才会取得良好的效果。我们在实际地阅读教学中，提倡精读和泛读相结合，课内阅读和课外阅读相结合，培养学生的阅读能力，挖掘每个学生学习语言的潜能，有效地提高他们的语言综合运用能力。
2019年6月大学英语四级阅配歼读理解培猛冲训练：梦
Of all the components of a good night's sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by thelate 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just "mental noise"-the random byprocts of the neural repair work that goes on ring sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is "off line." And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. "It's your dream," says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychologyat Chicago's Medical Center, "if you don't like it, change it."
he link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright's clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated ring the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don't always think about the emotional significance of the day's events-until, it appears, we begin to dream.
知脊And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualizehow you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.
At the end of the day, there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or "we wake up in panic," Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people's anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings.Sleep-or rather dream-on it and you'll feel better in the morning.
练习题：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.By saying that “dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat," (Lines 4-5, Para. 1) the researchers mean that _______.
A.we can think logically in the dreams too
B.dreams can be brought under conscious control
C.dreams represent our unconscious desires and fears
D.dreams can help us keep our mood comparatively stable
2.What did Cartwright find in her clinic?
A.Most bad dreams were followed by happier ones.
B.Divorced couples usually have more bad dreams.
C.One’s dreaming process is related to his emotion.
D.People having negative feelings dream more often.
3.Cartwright believed with much practice，we can learn to _____.
A.control what dreams to dream
B.sleep well without any dreams
C.wake up in time to stop the bad dreams
D.identify what is upsetting about the dreams
4.The author points out that a person who has constant bad dreams should ______
A.learn to control his dreams
B.consult a doctor
C.sleep and dream on it
D.get rid of anxiety first
5.The author most probably thinks that controlling dreams is ______.
A.a good practice
B.a new discovery
C.helpful for everyone
D.not essential for everyone
参考答案及解析
1.[D] 词义理解题。在第1段第4句中，逗号后面的regulating moods是对emotional thermostat的功能进行解释说明，因此可以推断出选项D正确。
2.[C] 事实细节题。最具干扰的是选项A，因为其陈述与第2段第2句的陈述有点相似,但是，此长句说的是大多数人上半夜做噩梦，之后都会做好梦，而不是像选项A中所说大多数噩梦之后是好梦。而且，根据本段第1 句，很明显，选项C是这一句的近义替换。
3 [C] 推理判断题。本题考査对代词的理解。在第3段的最后一句中，代词it应指上文说到的控制噩梦，及时醒来等做法，因此只有选项C涉及了其中一个做法。选项A太泛了，选项B和D在文中并无提及。
4.[B] 事实细节题。本题考查根据构词法猜测词义的能力。解题关键是推断最后一段第3句中therapist的意义，在考纲词汇表中，therapy是“治疗”的意思，因此，therapist应该是专门负责某种治疗的医生，由此可见，选项B是对原文seek help from a therapist的近义替换。
5.[D] 观点态度题。根据最后一句可以推断作者认为如无必要，梦还是不要控制的好。做梦会让你早上感觉舒服一些，因此本题应选D。
2019年6月大学英语四级阅读理解训练：机器人跳舞
The dancers stand motionless at their position and the room grows silent. But as the music starts, they began to move, bending, turning and waving their fans gracefully as they perform. a traditional Japanese dance. Yoshihiro Kuroki watches in silence, occasionally making notes. But as the dance ends, he beams with happiness. The performance has been flawless.
There have been many performances of traditional Japanese dances over the centuries, but this one is unique,because it is performed not by human dancers but by robots. And the performance takes place not in a dance studio but in a laboratory of Sony Corp.'s Entertainment Robot Co. in Shinagawa, Japan, where Kuroki isgeneral manager. He is the mastermind behind a series of even more capable humanoid entertainment robots,starting with the Sony Dream Robot, or SDR, in 1997, up to the current QRIO in 2003.
These delightful machines are only 58 cm tall, about the size of a newborn infant, weigh about 7 kg, and move with 38 degrees of freedom, each with its own servomotor(辅助马达).
QRIO's predecessor, the SDR4X, announced in 2002, can walk, dance, sing, speak, recognize faces, and understand continuous speech. Each robot has two charge-coupled-device cameras to detect color and position andcan locate a colored ball, move toward it, and kick it into a goal. It also has contact sensors in severaljoints to avoid pinching real human fingers. Seeing the robot perform, it is difficult to remember that there is no sentience(知觉)behind those glass eyes.
练习题：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.Which of the following is the most suitable title of this passage?
A.New Entertainment Robots Proced in Japan.
B.QRIO the Robot Dancers.
C.Robots Man's Best Friend.
D.An Extraordinary Performance in Sony's Lab.
2.Yoshihiro Kuroki ______.
A.is excited when the robots are performing a traditional Japanese dance
B.keeps silent because he is a little unsatisfied with the new proct
C.witnesses the creation of a series of entertainment robots
D.is an executive manager of Sony Corp.
3.Which aspect of the robots is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A.The vividness of their motion.
B.Their pleasant appearance.
C.Their smart designing principles.
D.Their communicative ability.
4.The Sony Dream Robot was___
A.the first human-like entertainment robot developed by the Sony Corp
B.as capable as the QRIO of speaking,dancing,singing and walking
C.largest among all the entertainment robot developed by the Sony Corp
D.the first entertainment robot sold at the market by the Sony Corp
5.The robot can locate colored balls by mens of ____
A.a charge-coupled device
B.two cameras
C.two contacts sensors
D.a digital detector
参考答案及解析
1.[A] 主旨大意题。标题需要既全面又突出地概括文章的主题。本文先是描述“舞蹈演员”，然后揭晓这是些“机器人”(第2段第1句)，接着对Sony公司的一些机器人产品进行详细介绍。选项A比较全面地概括了文章内容。选项B、D只是涉及细节，不能全面地概括本文的内容。而C又过于笼统，不具有针对性。
2.[C] 事实细节题。选项C符合第2段最后一句“He is the mastermind behind a series of... robots...”。仔细阅读有关的细节信息会发现,第1段第3句可帮助否定选项A。第1段最后两句可帮助否定选项B。另外，根据第2段倒数第2句可否定选项D。
3.[D] 事实细节题。全文分四段，分别讨论机器人三方面的特点：第1段和第2段描述机器人舞蹈演员栩栩如生的表演，即选项A;第3段描写它们的外表，即选项B;第4段介绍它们巧妙的设计，即选项C;只有选项D是没有提到的，故为答案。
4.[A] 推理判断题。该句中的分词结构“starting with...”表明the Sony Dream Robot是第一个人形娱乐机器人，因此选项A正确。文章在最后一段的第1句提到两种能说话、跳舞的机器人，但没有提到SDR是否和它们一样，由此可否定选项B。在第3段讨论机器人大小的时候也没有提到SDR体型最大，因此选项C不正确。选项D在文中没有讨论到。
5.[B] 事实细节题。该句中“two…cameras to...”的结构表明这两个摄像头可以用于定位，所以选项B正确。选项A在该句中也有提到，但它只是摄像机的工作机制，而不是用于定位的装置。选项C在下一句提到，但与题干提到的定位功能无关。选项D在文中并未提及。
2019年6月大学英语四级阅读理解训练：决定婴儿性别
Henry III didn't know much about biology. He went through six wives back in the 1500s, looking for one whocould bear him a son. Scientists now know that it's the father's sperm, not the mother's egg, which determines whether a baby is a boy or a girl. And last week researchers at the Genetics and IVF Institute, a private fertility(生育能力)center in Virginia, announced a new technique that will allow parents to choose the sex of their baby-to-be, before it has even been conceived. The scientist used a tiny laser detector to measure the DNA in millions of sperm cells as they pass single file through a narrow tube, like cattle being herded through a corral(牲口栏). In a study published last week, "girl sperm," which has more DNA—the genetic material— in each cell, was collected, while "boy sperm" was discarded. And when purified girl sperm was used to impregnate(使受孕)a group of mothers, 15 of 17 resulting babies turned out to be girls.
The researchers say that "sex selection" can also double a mother's chance of having a son and can be usedto avoid genetic diseases that affect only one gender, such as hemophilia(血友病). But some experts, like New York University fertility specialist Dr. Jamie Grifo, worry that sex selection could lead to a kind ofin uteri(子宫)discrimination, especially in cultures where sons are considered superior to daughters. "It's valuing one gender' over another," Grifo says. "I don't think that's something we should be doing." So far, patients at the institute have been asking for both boys and girls, in order to "balance" their families. And some ethics experts say that's fine, as long as parents are just looking for a little gender variety. "If you have three boys, and you want a girl," says University of Texas reproctive-law professor John Robertson, "that's not gender bias at all."
练习题：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.The DNA in the sperm cells can be measured ______.
A.in the same way how the cattle are herded
B.when they pass through a tube one behind the other
C.after they pass through a laser tube
D.when they are scanned by a laser detector all at a time
2.The gender of the baby is decided by ______.
A.the father's DNA
B.the mother's DNA
C.the father's sperm
D.the mother's egg
3.According to this passage, the practice of "sex selection" ______.
A.can help to prevent all genetic problems
B.is totally unacceptable to ethics experts
C.was already realized five hundred years ago
D.will benefit families with certain inheritable diseases
4.Girl sperm was preferred to boy sperm in the research most probably because____
A.girl sperm contains more genetic material
B.more mother want to have girl babies
C.girl sperm is healthier and more active
D.girl sperm is more easily purified
5.It can be concluded from the passage that author’s toward”sex selection”is____
A.negative
B.positive
C.neutral
D.favorable
参考答案及解析
1.[B] 推理判断题。解答本题的关键在于推断single file的意思。该句把精子通过试管的情形与牛群被赶入牲口圈的情形作对比，结合single一词本身的意思，可以推断single file是“一个接一个”的意思，只有选项B能表达这个意思，由此也可否定选项D。选项A最具干扰性，原句是把精子通过试管的情形比作牛群被赶人牲口圈的情形，而选项A说的是测定精子内DNA的方法与放牧的方法相同，显然选项A只是引用了原文的某些词语，但表达的意思与原文却截然不同。
2.[C] 事实细节题。第1段第3句which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰的是the father's sperm，而不是插入语the mother’s egg,因此选项C正确。
3.[D] 推理判断题。第2段第1句中的genetic暗示有些疾病是遗传的，即如选项D所述。第2段第1句同时表明选项A的说法是不全面的。选项B与第2段最后两句正好相反。第1段前两句说明选项C是错误的。
4.[A] 事实细节题。第1段倒数第2句中的由which引导的定语从句表明选项A的叙述正确。
5.[C] 观点态度题。文章第2段中作者给出了一些反对者和赞成者的观点，但是没有加以评论，可以看出作者的态度是中立的，故选项C正确。
Ⅳ 2015-2016高三外研版英语周报第六期答案
2015-2016学年上学期高三外研综合（OT）第6期参考答案及解析
Book 2 Moles 5-6
参考答案及部分解析
参考答案
1-5 ACCCB 6-10BBACB
11-15 ACBCC 16-20ABACA
21-25 BCDCD 26-30CBCBC
31-35 DDCCD 36-40ACDEB
41-45 ACCDD 46-50BABCA
51-55 CDCBD 56-60ABADC
61. amazing 62. where
63. At 64.are decorated
65. performance 66.what
67. speaking 68.totally
69. a 70.to talk
短文改错：
71. ... the small boy ... the → a
72. ... was approached me ... 去掉was
73. ... an eagerly look ...
eagerly → eager
74. ... they were cheaper.
cheaper → cheap
75. ... any of their ... their → his
76. ... I gave the boy ... gave → give
77. ... couldn't bother us.
couldn't → wouldn't
78. ... to my friends ... friends → friend
79. ... the boy think ... think前加to
80. ... by doing nothing. nothing → something
One possible version:
As we can see from the picture, a man istrying to dive into the water to save a drowning person but is stopped bysomeone else.
Helping others in trouble is one of thetraditional virtues of the Chinese nation. However, many people won't do itnow. They think it might cause trouble to themselves and they don't think it'sworthwhile to save others at the risk of their own lives. They fail to thinkabout what others will do if they are in danger.
Helping others is a kind of spirit manypeople lack now. Let's try our best to maintain it.
部分解析茄兆饥
阅读理解：
A篇（家庭）
本文是记叙文。一位美国士兵突然回家给家人带来惊喜。
21. B。细节理解题。由第三段颤返中的The military no longer has leave, so if you come home you have topay for it可知，Kern这次回家是请了无薪假。
22. C。推理判断题。由第七段中的Pearl apparently didn't recognize her father and walked right pasthim可推断，Pearl见到父亲时像看到陌生人一样没有反应。
23. D。词义猜测题。由第十段开头的They gave him a full uniform and kept him in the back可猜渗推断，饭店方面支持并参与了这场精心策划的团聚。故划线部分的意思应该是“参与团聚”。
24. C。推理判断题。由第十段开头的They gave him a full uniform and kept him in the back可推断，Woldoff的婆婆之所以没有认出Kern来是因为他穿着服务员的制服。
B篇（饮食）
本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了泡菜如何成为三明治的必备配菜。
25. D。细节理解题。由第二段中的The pickle became popular in the U.S. though when the first Jewishimmigrants came to New York可知。
26. C。细节理解题。由第二段中的used the pickle as a palate cleanser. The acidity allows you toexperience the sharp contrast in flavors and more fully appreciate the taste ofyour sandwich可知，泡菜被用来充当味觉清洁剂的作用。故C项正确。
27. B。段落大意题。由第三段开头的the pickle's popularity grew及下文提到的“泡菜战争”和泡菜节可推断，本段主要讲泡菜越来越受欢迎。
28. C。推理判断题。由最后一段中的the pickle is now the most commonly used side dish for a sandwichand the combination makes up the majority of all pickle consumption可推断，大部分泡菜被用作三明治的配菜。
C篇（交通）
本文是议论文。文章建议立法者通过禁止司机使用手持电话的提案。
29. B。篇章结构题。由下文的in the Legislature's Transportation Committee last week opposing aproposal可推断，划线词指代立法者。作者开篇幽默地挖苦立法者因为被手机干扰而没有做出正确的决断。
30. C。细节理解题。由第三段中的unless the driver is typing or reading a text message, he can't bepunished可知，在缅因州司机开车时读短信属于分心驾驶，会被惩罚。
31. D。细节理解题。由第七段末的Both devices, researchers say, require the same amount of mentalfocus to use可知，这项研究表明使用免提装置和手持电话所需要的精力差不多。
32. D。写作目的题。由第一段末的to ban the use of hand-held cellphones by drivers及最后一段末的They should take a step thisyear可推断，作者写作此文是为了建议缅因州通过关于司机使用手持电话的禁令。
D篇（社会）
本文是说明文。南极企鹅邮局的工作吸引了很多申请者。
33. C。细节理解题。由第二段中的taking care of the 70,000 cards posted each year可知。
34. C。细节理解题。由第三段中的One reason for the increase in applications ... was the airing ofthe documentary Penguin Post Office可知，纪录片的播放是申请者增多的原因之一。
35. D。推理判断题。由第五段末的Above all, successful candidates need to be passionate about theAntarctic可推断，这项工作最重要的条件是申请者要对南极有强烈的热爱。
七选五：
话题：科普知识
本文是说明文。文章解释了挠痒痒会越挠越痒的原因。
36. A。A项与上文的Got anitch?相呼应，并且下文的Scratchingan itch can make it worse与A项是因果关系。
37. C。C项与上文的causes amild sensation of pain及下文的Yet pain signals that travel to your brain relieve the itching onlytemporarily相呼应。
38. D。根据第一段末的serotonin, which makes the itching more intense及此空前的serotonin ... moving frompain-sensing nerve cells to those that influence itch intensity可推断，挠痒痒的结果是使血清素从有痛感的神经细胞转移到影响痒的强度的神经细胞，从而使人感觉更痒。故D项正确。
39. E。E项与下文的Notexactly, says Chen. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter. It is involved in growth,aging, and mood regulation. Blocking serotonin would ... 相呼应。
40. B。B项与上文的Theresearchers are looking for other ways to break the cycle so they can helppeople with itchy conditions. One possibility ... 相呼应。
完形填空：
话题：个人情况
本文是记叙文。文章讲述了一位巡警救牧羊犬的故事。
41. A。由上文的rescued a German shepherd可推断，此处是说Ague扛着一只“狗（dog）”。
42. C。由下文的Amazing people still do exist可推断，Ague救狗的照片获得了很多“赞赏的（admiring）”评论。
43. C。由上文的posted to Facebook可推断，该评论是脸谱网的一位使用者“写（wrote）”的。
44. D。由下文的involved in the crash可知，附近发生了一起交通“事故（accident）”。
45. D。事故中的两只狗从“现场（scene）”逃走了。
46. B。由倒数第五段中的She ran two miles from the crash可知，有人看到一只德国牧羊犬在“跑（running）”。
47. A。从当时的位置来看，巡警可以“确定（tell）”狗朝西跑了。
48. B。由第一段中的patrol officer可知，Ague的同事也是“警察（officers）”。
49. C。巡警们让狗停下来，“但是（but）”每次巡逻车一停下狗就跑开了。
50. A。由下文的Mya ... stopped running及倒数第三段末的to her owner's car可推断，巡警们给狗的“主人（owner）”打了电话。
51. C。主人到了以后，狗“终于（finally）”不跑了。
52. D。由上文的the dog wouldn't move at all可推断，Ague意识到狗“有毛病了（wrong）”。
53. C。由下文的the skin on her feet was hanging off可推断，狗的脚受伤了，不“能（could）”动了。
54. B。“由于（e to）”狗跑得太远，结果脚受伤了。
55. D。意识到狗不能动后，Ague想到的“唯一（only）”能做的事就是把狗扛起来。
56. A。由上文的pick her up可知。
57. B。由第二段中的Nick Ague carrying the ... 可知。
58. A。由上文的Mya's feet were already healed可推断，现在狗可以“正常地（normally）”走动了。
59. D。由Ague救狗的事例可以推断他是一个狂热的动物“爱好者（lover）”。
60. C。事故之后，Ague一心只想着“救（saving）”狗。
语法填空：
61. amazing。考查形容词。设空处作表语，意为“令人惊异的”，故填amazing。
62. where。考查关系词。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词setting，且在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
63. At。考查介词。at present是固定搭配，意为“目前，现在”。
64. are decorated。考查时态和语态。teahouses与decorate之间是被动关系，且由at present可知，此处用一般现在时，故填are decorated。
65. performance。考查名词。由设空处前面的不定冠词可知，此处应填名词performance。
66. what。考查连接词。设空处引导主语从句且在从句中作宾语，故填what。
67. speaking。考查非谓语动词。generally speaking意为“一般来说”。
68. totally。考查副词。设空处修饰形容词different，故填副词totally。
69. a。考查冠词。as a matter of fact是固定搭配， 意为“事实上”。
70. to talk。考查非谓语动词。此处用不定式短语表示目的。
选做题参考答案及解析
参考答案
I. 1-5 ACDAC
II. 1-5 DAACB 6-10ABCCD
11-15 BCDCA 16-20 CCBDA
解析
阅读理解：
话题：科普知识
本文是说明文。文章介绍了抗生素的发明和滥用情况。
1. A。推理判断题。由第一段中的forgetting to clean several bacteria-filled dishes he had left by awindow ... mold growing in one of the dishes seemed to have destroyed thebacteria可推断，青霉素的发现纯属意外。
2. C。推理判断题。由第二段中的Fleming's discovery changed medicine forever及Antibiotics were called “the wonder drug.”可推断，青霉素的发明是医学上的一大突破。
3. D。细节理解题。由第四段中的he explained that some of the bugs in his lab were already resistantto penicillin. Use antibiotics cautiously, he warned可知，Fleming领奖时表达了他对抗生素使用的担忧。
4. A。推理判断题。由第五段中的half of all antibiotics go to people who don't need them及第六段末的About 80 percent of antibioticsin the U.S. go to farm animals, not people可推断，抗生素被滥用了。
5. C。推理判断题。由最后一段中的When you're teaching someone how to box, if you don't knock him out,he will become a stronger, smarter boxer及The same thing happens with bacteria可推断，拳击时如果不把对方打倒，对方就会变得更强大；同样地，如果抗生素不能杀死细菌，细菌的抗药性就会变得更强。
完形填空：
话题：健康
本文是说明文。研究表明一般而言人们每天的最佳睡眠时长是七个小时，但具体情况因人而异。
1. D。由本段末的the average suitable amount of sleep across the wholepopulation is actually closer to seven hours可推断，每晚睡八个小时的说法并不完全“正确（true）”。
2. A。由上文的a solid eight hours of sleep可推断，此处是指“睡眠（sleep）”的时间。
3. A。平均而言，人们合理的睡眠时间接近“每晚（nightly）”七个小时。
4. C。适量的睡眠“可以使（allows）”一个人醒来时精神焕发。
5. B。由下文的or other stimulants可推断，此处是指一种能让人兴奋的东西。故选coffee。
6. A。由下文的and found that those indivials who were asleep ... 可推断，这项研究“分析了（analyzed）”一些关于睡眠的记录。
7. B。由第一段末的According to a wide variety of studies, the average suitable amountof sleep across the whole population is actually closer to seven hours可推断，每晚睡七个小时的人比每晚睡八个小时及以上的人长寿。故选lived。
8. C。上文强调合理的睡眠时间对健康的影响，而下文则是另一种截然相反的观点，即强调健康状况影响个体的睡眠时间。故选However。
9. C。由下文的study subjects' poor health可推断，此处应是说长时间的睡眠可能是“健康（health）”状况欠佳的标志。
10. D。由上文的Long sleep may be a marker of poor ... In other words可推断，身体不适可能是引起过度睡眠的原因。故选causing。
11. B。睡九个小时及以上和睡五个小时及以下对人体一样“有害（harmful）”。
12. C。13. D。由第一段中的theamount of ... you need is totally unique to you及最后一段中的the correct amount of sleep for you可推断，很“重要的（important）”一点是我们要注意到没有一项研究会告诉一个人他“自己（personally）”需要多长时间的睡眠。
14. C。由下文可知，Dr. Watson建议通过即将到来的假期“算出（figure out）”自己需要的睡眠时间。
15. A。Dr. Watson建议人们假期里“尝试（Try）”每晚在同一时间睡觉。
16. C。由下文的unlimited sleeping in可推断，Dr. Watson建议人们在“没有（without）”闹钟的情况下自然醒来。
17. C。采用Dr. Watson的方法，你应该就能知道自己“理想的（ideal）”睡眠时间。
18. B。由下文的The first few nights you may sleep eight to nine hours ... from theweek可推断，这种计算睡眠时间的方法在“周末（weekend）”不一定有效。
19. D。“如果（if）”你经历了很疲倦的一周，那么最初的几个晚上你可能会睡八到九个小时。
20. A。由下文的or sleep deprived可推断，此处是说非常“疲倦的（tired）”。
Ⅳ 什么是神经质
神经质（英语：neuroticism，又译为情绪不稳定性），是心理学研究中一个基本的人格特质。
情绪不稳定性测验得分高的人比一般人更容易情绪化、情绪波动大、且更常有以下这些情绪：焦虑、担忧、害怕、愤怒、挫折、羡慕、忌妒、罪恶感/内疚感、抑郁、和孤独感。
他们的抗压性较差，且有可能将正常情况解释为威胁，将小挫折看成绝望的困难。 他们通常自我为中心/自以为万众注目和害羞，并有可能难以控制冲动和延后让自己的欲望/需求被满足的时间。
高度神经质的人，其特质有可能在往后的人生中发展成为许多常见的精神疾病，例如：
忧郁症、恐惧症（phobia）、恐慌症（panic disorder）、其他焦虑症群（anxiety disorders）、和物质使用疾患（substance use disorder）－这些症状常被俗称为神经症（neuroses） 。
情绪不稳定性与低情绪商数（EQ）相关，包戚扰括情绪调节，动机和人际关系技巧较低。
(5)英语阅读理解神经质长寿扩展阅读：
形成的关键
从上述可见，神经质症形成的关键有两点：一是神经质性格；二是由神经质性格决定的，将注没仔亏意力过分集中于感知或极力排除症状。结果使病人生活偏离常轨，陷于恶性循环之中。
神经质是一种具有某些神经症基调的人格特征，也可理解为神经过敏的特殊气质。神经质的人对于消极事件有体验上的偏好。神经质往往会对个体的事业、爱情、生活、人际关系产生负面的影响，甚至最终导致神经症或其它身心疾病的产生。
心理变化
神经质性格的人，在面临心理困难时，精神上会出现强烈的不安，并由此导致错误的认识，把健康人都有的不安和不适感等心身、生理变化，误认为病态或异常。患者本人高度注意这些“病态或异常”，并企图排除之。
但这些不安和不适的特点是越注意它，越努力想排除它，反而会表现得越严重，结果形枯神成了注意与病觉的恶性循环，致使症状加重。病人陷于与症状苦战苦斗的精神冲突状态中，感到非常痛苦。病人想排除“病态或异常”的欲望越强烈，症状反而越加重。
Ⅵ 高中英语阅读理解测试题(2)
31.The Vienna survey may help to explain ___C__
A.the complaints of people in apartment houses
B.the cause of Mrs Groegers death
C.the longevity of people like Mrs.Groeger
D. the image of cities in general
32.The purpose of the second paragraph is to list some __B___
A.benefits of walking
B.occasions for walking in city life
C. comments made by city people
D.problems of city living
33.To reach the third floor of a building.it would probably be most healthful _B_
A. to take the elevator
B.to walk up the stairs
C.to ride in a car
D.to find an alternative to walking
34.People who live in the country probably do more driving than walking because _A_
A.they dont live near business areas
B. they dont need the exercise
C.they never have parking problems
D.they can’t afford to take the bus
35.A conclusion that can be drawn from this passage is that _D___
A.air pollution is not serious
B.anyone can live to be 107
C.country people should move to the city
D.walking is a healthful exercise
答案：CBBAD
在奥地利的维也纳，最近当一位名为Joseph Groeger的老妇人过世的时候，人们忍不住要问：“为什么她可以活到107岁呢?”当对148个100岁以上的维也纳人进行调查之后，我们得出了答案。有点让人惊讶的是，这些人中的多数人都大部分的人生都是在都市生活的。尽管城市给我们的印象一直都是不利于健康的，但是城市生活往往提供一些乡村缺乏的便利。其中有一个就是这些被调查者长寿的重要因素。
这个因素就是锻炼。在城市，对于比较短的路程，往往走路比你等着坐公车去更快捷。就算去搭乘一些公共交通工具也经常要走一段路程。较小的公寓一般没有电梯，人们就不得不爬楼。城市人还经常步行去附近的超市买东西。在停车位如此难找的情况下，往往没有别的选择只有步行。
另一方面，那些住在乡村和郊区的人反而无需每天走路。事实上，他们每天都乘坐交通工具，去上学，去上班，或者去其他任何地方，都必须开车前往。
高中英语阅读理解测试题 篇3
If we were asked exactly what we were doing a year ago，we should probably have to say that we could not remember But if we had kept a book and had written in it an account of what we did each day，we should be able to give an answer to the question.
It is the same in history Many things have been forgotten because we do not have any written account of them Sometimes men did keep a record of the most important happenings in their country，but often it was destroyed by fire or in a war.Sometimes there was never any written record at all because the people of that time and place did not know how to Write.For example，we know a good deal about the people who lived in China 4，000 years ago, because they could write and leave written records for those who lived after them.But we know almost nothing about the people who lived even 200 years ago in central Africa. because they had not learned to write. Sometimes.of course，even if the people cannot write，they may know something of the past.They have heard about it from older people，and often songs and dances and stories have been made about the most important happenings，and these have been sung and acted and told for many generations For most people are proud to tell what their fathers did in the past.This we may call remembered history’.Some of it has now been written down. It is not so exact or so valuable to us as written history is，because words are much more easily changed when used again and again in speech than when copied in writing.But where there are no written records，such spoken stories are often very helpful.
41. Which of the following ideas is not suggested in the passage?
A.“Remembered history”，compared with written history，is less reliable
B.Written records of the past play the most important role in our learning of the human history.
C.A written account of our daily activities helps US to be able to answer many questions.
D.Where there are no written records.there is no history.
42.We know very little about the central Africa 200 years ago because
A.there was nothing worth being written down at that time
B .the people there ignored the importance of keeping a record
C.the written records were perhaps destroyed by a fire
D.the people there did not know how to write
43.“Remembered history”refers to
A.history based on a persons imagination
B .stories of important happenings passed down from mouth to mouth
C .songs and dances about the most important events
D .both B and C
44.“Remembered history”is regarded as valuable only when
Ⅶ 高中英语阅读理解 带解析
保证准确率！
21. C
根据第一段（可能是全文第二段，第一段楼主没有拍出来）第三行末尾，A错，肺结核病并不是一入狱就患上的；
B错在recently，第一段第二行many years ago提示；
D错在for，曼德拉是反对against，而不是赞成for种族隔离政策的（第一段第4行开头）
22. B
单词后面的破折号之后有解释：a settlement between conflicting ideas，既然是“冲突观点之间的解决”，那么就应该是balance平衡。
23. D
第二段（可能是全文第三段，第一段楼主没有拍出来）第二行开头有答案提示
24. A
这是一篇新闻报道，答案应该是在最开头一段的第一句话（不过楼主没有拍出来）
不过根据全文大意和排除法，A为最佳答案。
Ⅷ 寻一篇初三水平的英语阅读理解题
When Mr. David retired（退休）,he bought a small house in a village near the sea. He liked it and hoped to live a quiet life in it. But to his great surprise, many tourists（游客）came to see his house in summer holidays, for it was the most interesting building in the village. From morning to night there were tourists outside the house. They kept looking into the rooms through the windows and many of them even went into Mr. David’s garden. This was too much for Mr. David. He decided to drive the visitors away. So he put a notice on the window. The notice said: “If you want to satisfy your curiosity（好奇心）, came in and look round. Price（价格）: twenty dollars.” Mr. David was sure that the visitors would stop coming, but he was wrong. More and more visitors came and Mr. David had to spend every day showing them around his house. “I came here to retire, not to work as a guide（导游）.” he said angrily. In the end, he sold the house and moved away. 根据短文内容，从下列各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选择正确答案。 1、Mr. David’s house was that many tourists came to see it. A．so small B．so quiet C．so interesting D．such interesting 2、Mr. David put a notice on the window in order . A．to drive the visitors away B．to satisfy the visitor’s curiosity C．to let visitors come in and look round D．to get some money out of the visitors 3、The notice made the visitors . A．more interested in his house B．lost interest in his house C．angry at the unfair price D．feel happy about the price 4、After Mr. David put up the notice . A．the visitors didn’t come any longer B．fewer and fewer visitors came to see his house C．more and more tourists came for a visit D．no tourist would pay the money for a visit 5、At last he had to sell his house and move away because . A．he did not like it at all B．he could not work as a guide C．he made enough money and wanted to buy a new expensive house D．he could not live a quiet life in it