英语阅读女性工作
你好 翻译如下
The stereotype of puter scientists as persons who stay up all night working and have no social life may be driving women away from the field. This stereotype can be brought to mind based only on the appearance of the environment in a classroom or an office.
译：那些老套的通宵工作并且没有社交生活的电脑科学家的形象,可能正使女性们远离这个领域（计算机科学领域）.而且,这些老套的形象,很可能仅仅由一个教师或办公室的表面环境而被带入脑中.
附：stereotype n. 铅版, 老套, 陈腔滥调
例句:
He doesn't conform to the usual stereotype of the city busines *** an with a dark suit and rolled
umbrella.
他不像典型的城市商人那样,穿一身深色的套服、 带一把收好的雨伞.
drive 这里做"驱赶,赶走"
例句：He drove the sheep up the hill. 他把羊群往山上赶.
"When people think of puter science the image that immediately pops into many of their minds is of the puter geek surrounded by such things as puter games, science fiction memorabilia and junk food," said Sapna Cheryan, a professor of psychology. Such objects help create what Cheryan calls ambient belonging, or the feeling that you fit or don't fit in somewhere.
译：“当人们一想到计算机科学,那些被电脑游戏、科幻小说纪念品以及垃圾食物所包围的计算机狂人的形象就会立马在脑海中出现.”心理学教授Sapna Cheryan如是说道.这些物品帮助创造出了Cheryan称之的"周遭所有物"或者你适合或不适合某个地方的感觉.
附： pop into 急急走进 ...
例句:
An idea popped into his mind like a flash.
他头脑里突然闪过一个念头.
A new idea popped into my mind like a flash.
我脑子里突然闪现出一个新的想法.
surround vt.包围, 环绕
n.环绕物
例句:
Troops have surrounded the town.
部队已将该城包围.
The house was surrounded by high walls.
房子的四周有高墙.
psychology n. 心理学, 心理状态
memorabilia n. 值得纪念的事物; 重要记事
ambient adj.周围的, 氛围的
n.环境
例句:
Ambient sound; ambient air.
四周的声音; 周围的空气
fit in 适合, 适应, 融入（群体）, 装配好
例句:
Do these plans fit in with your arrangements?
这些计画与你的安排一致吗?
They fit in there.
他们在那里很合适.
"It is the sense you get right away when you walk into a room. You look at the objects and make an instant appraisal of how you would fit with the objects and the people who are typically found in that environment. You also make a judgment of 'I like it here' or 'I don't belong here,'" she said
译：“那就是当你走进一个房间立马得到的感觉.你查看（周围的）物体,并对你自己是否适应这个地方以及这个地方通常所可能出现的人做了一个快速的评估.你还会做出一个判断“我喜欢这”或“我不属于这”,”她说道
附：right away 立刻; 马上 instant adj. 立即的, 即时的
appraisal n.估计, 评估
例句：All events have proved our appraisal to be correct.
一切事实都证明,我们估计得正确.
A forthright appraisal; forthright critici *** .
直率的评价; 直言不讳的批评
judgment n. 审判; 判决; 裁判; 判断
Cheryan set up four experiments to look at possible reasons why the proportion of women in the field is dropping.In the first experiment, students entered a *** all classroom that either contained objects stereotypically associated with puter science such as Star Trek posters, video game boxes and Coke cans, or non-stereotypical items such as nature posters, art, a dictionary and coffee mugs.
译：Cheryan 设置了四个实验以探寻女性工作者在计算机科学领域比例下降的可能原因.在第一个实验中,学生们进入一个小房间,这个小房间要么含有诸如《星际迷航》海报、视频游戏盒和可乐罐等与老套的电脑科学狂人相关的物品,要么含有非老套的物品诸如自然海报、艺术品、一部字典或咖啡杯等.
附：proportion n. 比例, 部份, 均衡
例句:
Her head is out of proportion to the size of her body.
她的头部与身体大小不成比例.
associated adj.相关的 mug n.杯, 一杯的量
Women who saw the stereotypical setup expressed less interest in puter science than those who saw the non-stereotypical objects. Men placed in the same situations did not show a similar drop in interest in puter science. Cheryan said this study suggests that a student's choice of classes or a major can be influenced by the appearance of classrooms, halls and offices.
译：看到老套环境的女性,对计算机科学表现出的兴趣要少于那些看到非老套物品的女性.而在相同情况下的男性却并未相似的失去兴趣.Cheryan 称这项研究表明学生们对于其课程或专业的选择可能受到相关教室、走廊和办公室环境的影响.
附：major n. 主修,专业
influence n./v. 影响; 改变
例句:
His parents no longer have any real influence over him.
他的父母对他不再有任何真正的约束力了.
Don't let me influence your decision.
不要让我影响你的决定.
"We want to attract more people to puter science. We need to broaden the image of the field so both women and men feel more wele. In workplaces and universities we can do this by changing the way offices, hallways and labs look. It would be nice for puter scientists in movies and television to be typical people, not only puter geeks."
译：“我们想要吸引更多的人来到计算机科学领域.我们需要使此领域的形象变得更为宽广,让女性和男性一样感到受欢迎.在工作场所和大学中,我们可以通过改变办公室、走廊以及实验室的外观来达到这个目的.电影和电视节目中的计算机科学家要都是正常点的而非计算机怪人那就更好了”
附：broaden
v.变宽, 扩大, 开阔
例句:
Our country has been trying to broaden its merce with other nations.
我国一直在努力扩大与其他国家的贸易往来.
He (ie His body) broadened out in his twenties.
他二十多岁时身躯变宽了.
You should broaden your experience by travelling more.
你应该多到各地走走以增广见识.
workplace n. 工作场所 typical adj. 典型的, 有代表性的, 特有的, 独特的
geek n.反常人,电脑迷,怪胎
㈡ 初一英语美文短篇
美文助读式教学的模式,是一种高效率的实用的教学模式。所谓美文,就是发表在报刊上的关于某篇课文的精美的赏析性短文或者教师自己撰写的此类文章。我整理了初一短篇英语美文，欢迎阅读!
初一短篇英语美文篇一
Women in Colonial North America
The status of women in colonial North America has been well studied and described and can bebriefly summarized. Throughout the colonial period there was a marked shortage of women,which varied with the regions and was always greatest in the frontier areas. This favorableratio enhanced women's status and position and allowed them to pursue different careers.
The Puritans, the religious sect that dominated the early british colonies in North America,regarded idleness as a sin, and believed that life in an underdeveloped country made itabsolutely necessary that each member of the community perform an economic function.
Thus work for women, married or single, was not only approved, it was regarded as a civic ty.Puritan town councils expected idows and unattached women to be self supporting and for along time provided needy spinsters with parcels of land. There was no social sanction againstmarried women working; on the contrary, wives were expected to help their husbands in theirtrade and won social approval for doing extra work in or out of the home. Needy children, girlsas well as boys, were indentured or apprenticed and were expected to work for their keep.
The vast majority of women worked within their homes, where their labor proced mostarticles needed for the family. The entire colonial proction of cloth and clothing and partiallythat of shoes was in the hands of women. In addition to these occupations, women werefound in many different kinds of employment. They were butchers, silversmiths, gunsmiths anpholsterers. They ran mills, plantations, tanyards, shipyards, and every kind of shop, tavern,and boardinghouse. They were gatekeepers, jail keepers, sextons, journalists, printers,apothecaries, midwives, nurses, and teachers.
北美殖民时期的妇女
北美殖民时期女性的社会地位曾得到过深入研究和描述，并可简短概括。 整个殖民时期，女性人数明显不足，各地情况不尽相同，在边远地区尤其缺少。 这种对女性有利的比例提高了她们的社会地位和职位，使她们能追求不同的事业。 清教徒是早期英属殖民地的宗教主流。 它视懒惰为犯罪，认为在不发达农村社区的每一个成员都必须发挥经济作用。 所以已婚或单身女性工作不仅是许可的，而且被认为是公民的义务。 清教徒的镇议会认为寡妇和未婚女性也应该自食其力，而且在相当长一段时期里，向贫困的老而未婚的女子提供土地。 社会不反对已婚妇女工作;相反，要求她们帮助丈夫从事他们的行当。在家庭内外做额外劳动的妻子们会得到社会的赞同。贫困的儿童，女孩和男孩一样，也要签师徒契约做学徒，想保住这个生计就要工作。 绝大多数女性在家庭里劳动，生产大部分家用必需品。 殖民时期全部的布料和衣服以及一部分的鞋都出自女性的双手。 除了从事这些职业，妇女也从事许多不同类型的职业，如做屠夫、铁匠、军械工和家俱修理工。 她们经营手工作坊、种植园、制革场、造船厂和各类商店、小旅馆和供膳寄宿处。 她们当守门人或狱卒，教堂司事、记者、印刷工、药剂师、助产士、护士和教师。
初一短篇英语美文篇二
The Definition of "Price"
Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the means by which proctsand services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers. The price system of theUnited States is a complex network composed of the prices of all the procts bought andsold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services, including labor, professional,transportation, and public-utility services. The interrelationships of all these prices make upthe "system" of prices. The price of any particular proct or service is linked to a broad,complicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less uponeverything else. If one were to ask a group of randomly selected indivials to define "price",many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a proctor service or, in other words, that price is the money value of a proct or service as agreepon in a market transaction. This definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes. For acomplete understanding of a price in any particular transaction, much more than the amountof money involved must be known. Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with notonly the money amount, but with the amount and quality of the proct or service to beexchanged, the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will bemade, the form of money to be used, the credit terms and discounts that apply to thetransaction, guarantees on the proct or service, delivery terms, return privileges, and otherfactors. In other words, both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors thatcomprise the total "package" being exchanged for the asked-for amount of money in order thatthey may evaluate a given price.
初一短篇英语美文篇三
The Beginning of Drama
There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The one most widelyaccepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual. The argument forthis view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world- even the seasonal changes - as unpredictable, and they sought through various means tocontrol these unknown and feared powers. Those measures which appeared to bring thedesired results were then retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals. Eventuallystories arose which explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites. As time passed some ritualswere abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and provided material for art anddrama.
Those who believe that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained theseed of theater because music, dance, masks, and costumes were almost always used.Furthermore, a suitable site had to be provided for performances and when the entirecommunity did not participate, a clear division was usually made between the "acting area"and the "auditorium." In addition, there were performers, and, since considerable importancewas attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumedthat task. Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, orsupernatural beings, and mimed the desired effect -- success in hunt or battle, the comingrain, the revival of the Sun -- as an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representations wereseparated from religious activities.
Another theory traces the theater's origin from the human interest in storytelling. According tothis view tales (about the hunt, war, or other feats) are graally elaborated, at first throughthe use of impersonation, action, and dialogue by a narrator and then through theassumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely related theory traces theaterto those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations of animalmovements and sounds.
戏剧的起源
关于古希腊戏剧的起源存在着多种理论，其中一个最普遍为人接受的理论假设认为戏剧从仪式演化而来。 这个观点是这样进行论证的：一开始，人类把世界上的自然力量，甚至季节的变化都看成是不可预料的。 他们试图通过各种方式去控制这些未知的、令人恐惧的力量。 那些似乎带来了满意结果的手段就被保留下来并且重复直到这些手段固化为不变的仪式，最后产生了能够解释或者掩盖这些仪式神秘性的故事。 随着时间的推移，一些仪式被废弃了，但这些后来被称作神话的故事流传下来并且为艺术和戏剧提供了素材。
认为戏剧从仪式演化而来的人们还认为那些仪式包含了戏剧的基本因素，因为音乐、舞蹈、面具和服装几乎经常被使用，而且，必须为演出提供一个合适的地点;如果不是整个社区共同参加演出，经常在"演出区"和"观众席"之间划分出明显的分界。 另外，仪式中还有演员，而且宗教领袖通常承担演出任务，因为在仪式的执行中避免错误的发生被认为有相当大的重要性;他们经常带着面具，穿着服装象演员那样扮演其它人、动物或超自然的生灵，用动作来表演以达到所需要的效果，比如打猎的成功或战斗的胜利、将至的雨、太阳的复活。 最后这些戏剧性的表演从宗教活动中分离了出来。 另一个追溯戏剧起源的理论认为它来自人们对叙述故事的兴趣。 根据这个观点，故事(关于狩猎、战争或者其它伟绩)是逐渐丰富起来的。 首先通过一个讲解人来运用模仿、表演和对话，然后再由不同的人扮演各自的角色;另一个与之紧密相关的理论将戏剧的起源追溯至舞蹈，这些舞蹈大体上是有节奏感的和体操式的那一类，或者是对动物动作和声音的模仿。
㈢ 适合女性阅读的7本英文书
导语：随着三八国际妇女节的临近，职场女性如何自我发展并平衡工作与家庭生活成为近期大家讨论的热点之一。我整理了适合女性阅读的7本英文书推荐，希望大家喜欢。
1.'The Time Traveler's Wife' by Audrey Niffenegger
1.《时光旅行者的妻子》奥黛丽·尼芬格
The story of Henry, who involuntarily travels through time, and Clare, the woman who loves him for almost her entire life. This love story will draw you in and make you want to go back and read parts of the novel again and again.
男主亨利自小患慢性时间错位症，但女主克莱尔深爱亨利一生。这部爱情小说引人入胜，令人不禁一遍遍重温。
2.'The Secret Life of Bees' by Sue Monk Kidd
2.《蜜蜂的秘密生活》苏·蒙克基德
Set in the South ring the 1960s, this coming of age story deals with race, love and Lily Owen's search for a connection with her mother who died when she was young. It's an especially good summer read, when you can imagine sipping Coke on a porch and smelling jasmine.
故事背景设定在20世纪六十年代的罗莱纳州南部小镇，讲述了种族歧视、人间真情以及莉莉·欧文探寻幼时离世的母亲死亡秘密的故事。这是一本极好的夏日读物，可以一边在走廊里阅读，一边啜着可乐、嗅着花香。
3.'The Blood of Flowers' by Anita Amirrezvani
3.《花之血》安妮塔·阿米瑞瓦尼
Anita Amirrezvani's debut novel,The Blood of Flowers, tells the story of a young woman in 17th-century Iran with a passion for knotting rugs. Her life is thrown into an uproar when her father dies, and she and her mother must depend on the kindness of wealthy relatives and hope that the young woman finds a wealthy husband. The Blood of Flowers is superbly written and a moving story, sure to entrance readers.
《花之血》是安妮塔·阿米瑞瓦尼的处女作，讲述了一名生活在十七世纪，热衷于织毯的伊朗女孩的故事。父亲意外去世以后，女主人公的生活发生了翻天覆地的变化。她和母亲不得不依靠富裕亲戚的接济，因此全家人都希望女主能嫁个有钱人。《花之血》文笔流畅，情感动人，引人入胜。
4.'Midwives' by Chris Bohjalian
4.《助产士》克里斯·波杰利安
This Oprah Book Club pick tells about a midwife on trial for manslaughter after a home delivery goes wrong. Told from the viewpoint of the midwife's daughter, this mystery deals with love, family, birth and death as the family works through the consequences of one tragic night.
奥普拉读书俱乐部曾讲述过这个故事，一位助产士因接生失误致人死亡而接受审判。全书以助产士女儿的视角阐述了一部悲剧过后，有关爱情、家庭、生死的故事。
5. 'Divine Secrets of the Ya-Ya Sisterhood: A Novel' by Rebecca Wells
5.《丫丫姐妹会的神圣秘密》瑞贝卡·威尔斯
It is a beautiful story of one woman's quest to reconcile with and understand her mother by delving into the secrets contained in her sisterhood notebook. This Southern story will make you laugh and cry.
这部小说讲述了一个动人故事。女儿试图从姐妹的日记中了解母亲的秘密，以便能缓和与母亲的'紧张关系，深入了解母亲。这部南方小说既让人笑又让人哭。
6.'The Splendor of Silence' by In Sundaresan
6.《静谧之光》樱杜·桑妲蕾森
Splendor of Silenceis the story of a young woman and the secretive American soldier she meets in India. It is romantic and passionate but doesn’t shy away from the harsh realities of life under British rule. The author, In Sundaresan, skillfully weaves romance with historical fiction, making for a satisfying, poignant and highly-recommended read.
《静谧之光》全书围绕一位年轻女人与其在印度邂逅的秘密的美国士兵而展开。这部小说浪漫又不失激情。此外，作者并不回避英国统治之下残酷的社会现实。该书作者樱杜·桑妲蕾森以罗曼史笔法写历史绮情，其作品精彩绝伦，鞭辟入里，强烈推荐阅读。
7.Angry Housewives Eating Bon Bons' by Lorna Landvik
7.《愤怒的主妇吃糖糖》洛娜·马克
Angry Housewives Eating Bons Bons by Lorna Landvikis the story of five women in a book club in Minnesota from 1968 to 1998. They support each other through good and bad, finding a lifeline in their friendships.
该书讲述了1968年至1998年间，美国明尼苏达州一读书俱乐部里五位女性的故事。她们荣辱与共，相互支持，从友谊中汲取生命的力量。
㈣ 英文阅读：爱打扮的女人挣得更多
英文阅读：爱打扮的女人挣得更多
想要学好英语阅读怎能不经常阅读英语短文呢?下面我就为大家推荐一下。
There's a scene in the 2006 movie "The Devil Wears Prada" where Anne Hathaway's character, Andrea Sachs, gets a makeover that literally makes her better at her job.
2006年上映的电影《穿普拉达的女魔头》中有一个场景，安妮•海瑟薇扮演的安德莉亚•萨克斯因为精心打扮而改头换面，从而在工作上有了更出色的表现。
A trip to the fashion closet and the beauty department at Runway, the film's thinly veiled stand-in for Vogue magazine, transforms Andy from an ugly-ckling failure of a second assistant to the beautiful, capable confidante of the magazine's formidable editor, Miranda Priestly.
在电影中，安迪(安德莉亚的昵称)去了趟Runway公司的时装衣帽间和美容产品区，就摆脱了失败的丑小鸭形象，从一个二级助理变成了杂志社人人敬畏的米橡团携兰达•普利斯特利主编身边美丽、能干的贴身助手。电影中的Runway公司影射的是《Vogue》杂志社。
The scene is a pivotal moment in the plot — looking good is part of the job at a fashion magazine, after all — but it also nicely illustrates the real-life fact that when women in any profession spend more time on their appearances, it actually does cause people to take them more seriously.
这一幕场景是故事的转折点——毕竟，美丽的外表是在时尚杂志工作的一部分，但是它也恰好说明一个事实：在真实生活中，无论女人从事何种职业，如果她们多花一些时间打理外表或散，别人就会更认真地对待她们。
That's according to a new study from sociologists Jacyln Wong at the University of Chicago and Andrew Penner at the University of California, Irvine, who found that attractiveness is a key factor in how well young professionals between the ages of 24 and 32 do at work.
此结论来源于两位社会学家做的一项新研究。来自芝加哥大学的杰克琳•王和来自加利福梁伏尼亚大学欧文分校的安德鲁•彭纳发现，魅力是影响24到32岁年轻职场人士工作表现的关键因素。
Wong and Penner's work, which will appear in the June issue of the journal Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, found that attractiveness helps both men and women at work — but not in the same ways.
王和彭纳的这项研究将发表在《社会分层与流动研究》6月刊上，这份研究发现，魅力对男人和女人的工作都有很大帮助，但方式不同。
While a man can realize some professional benefits from being naturally attractive, for a woman it depends almost entirely on how much effort she puts into makeup, grooming and other efforts to look good.
男人靠天生的'漂亮面孔就能获得职场优势，但对女人来说，要获得这一职场优势几乎全靠在化妆品、打扮和其它方面下工夫。
Research shows that attractive people have an easier time getting hired, get better performance reviews, are promoted more often and make more money than their less attractive counterparts. What Wong and Penner found is that being considered attractive enough to command a wage premium at work doesn't necessarily require perfect bone structure.
研究显示，长相漂亮的人比长相一般的人更容易得到工作机会、业绩评估更高、升职更频繁、挣的钱更多。王和彭纳还发现，获得薪水优势所需的魅力并不一定非要天生丽质不可。
Job status is often affected by the amount of time a person spends getting ready in the morning. And this is especially true for women.
一个人的职位通常受早晨打扮时间长短的影响。对女人尤其如此。
"Although appearance and grooming have become increasingly important to men, beauty work continues to be more salient for women because of cultural double standards with very strict prescriptions for women," the paper says.
论文中说，“尽管外貌和打扮对男人也越来越重要，但打扮对女人的重要性依然更加显著，因为社会文化对女人有双重标准，对她们的要求很严苛。”
For women, the premium they make for looking good at work is almost entirely explained by how well-groomed they are. For men, it has a little to do with grooming and a little to do with being naturally good-looking.
对女人来说，凭借外貌所取得的工作优势几乎全部依赖于她们打扮得有多精心。对男人来说，这种工作优势和打扮有点关系，和天生长得好看也有点关系。
"This really highlights how much work that women have to do to be considered attractive," Wong told The Huffington Post.
王对《赫芬顿邮报》说：“这项研究突出强调，为增加自己在别人心目中的魅力，女人要付出多少努力。”
For women, attractiveness is about performance, Prenner told HuffPost. "The economic returns aren't being given to people who have a certain kind of body, but rather to people who present their bodies in a certain kind of way," he said. "Attractiveness is not something that you have, but something that you do."
对女人来说，魅力就代表业绩，彭纳对《赫芬顿邮报》说道。“经济回报并不会给那些拥有某种身体条件的人，而是给那些能以某种方式呈现身体条件的人，”他说。“魅力不是你天生拥有的，而是你创造出来的。”
So I guess it's time for me to go reapply my mascara.
所以，我想我该再涂一次睫毛膏了。
Vocabulary
makeover: 装扮;革新
groom: 打扮
mascara: 睫毛膏
;㈤ 英语阅读理解里面有纪念女性对社会贡献很多
Women have made great contribution to the development in politicy,but they are still facing various forms of ***- discrimination.In politics,they are undergoing boring trifles which could make differences between victory and defeat,but chance for them to promote a higher position is slim while men could always get credited.In economy,vast majority of women usually get a lower-paid and impromising job.Though at the same position,men are outpaid women forever.However,many people would rather take it as the consequence of diversity in social division of labor than ***-discrimination.Many American women are even content to be inferior citizens in socity.Therefore,it is a long and tough way to go before American women earn real equality. 现代社会中的女性
妇女对现代社会的发展作出了重要贡献，但她们却一直受到各种形式的性别歧视。在政治上，她们做的是那些乏味却有决定选举胜负的琐碎事，很少有机会升到高层职位，得到好处的是男人。经济上，大部分妇女做的是那些工资低和没有前途的工作，她们的工资也永远低于做同样工作的男人。很多人不承认这是歧视妇女，说这只是社会分工的不同。很多妇女甚至也满足于自己作为次等公民的角色。所以妇女要获得真正,