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高考英语阅读猜词题技巧

发布时间: 2023-06-07 12:40:06

Ⅰ 高考英语阅读理解题型及解题技巧

高考英语阅读理解题型及解题技巧如下:
1、题型分类:主旨大意题,答题技巧:阅读理解文章多是议论文和说明文,这两种文体的结构可归纳为:提出问题——论述问题——得出结论或者阐明观点。对于这类文章,抓主题句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。
2、细节理解题,答题技巧:可直接找到相关细节,但需经过计算方可找到答案。
3、推理判断题,答题技巧:推断题是考查大家透过文章表面的文字信息进行分析、综合、归纳等逻辑推理的能力。推理和判断必须以事实为依据,切莫主观臆断。
4、词义猜测题,答题技巧:通过因果关系猜词通过因果关系猜词。专业老师在线权威答疑 zy.offercoming.com

Ⅱ 高考英语阅读理解的猜词题之短语类

学生做英语阅读时往往很怕遇到生词。但遇到生词又是很普遍的,第一是有些文章的主题就是介绍新事物,而这个新事物是学生未曾接触过的,自然感到陌生;第二是学生平时掌握的基本是熟词熟义,而有些文章涉及到了熟词生义;第三是学生在背高考范围内的3500词时掌握不够扎实。

生词如此普遍,高考英语也有对应的猜词题。那么,就要考虑如何通过各种技巧来攻克猜词题,甚至把这些猜词技巧推广到其它生词。

猜词题可以划分为两大类,实词和虚词。实词包含几个小类,分别是单词、短语、句子(短句为主)。虚词通常为代词。

本文主要介绍短语类。

如下:

What does the underlined phrase“tug at the heartstrings”in paragraph 2 mean ?

A. Encourage team work .

B. Appeal to feeling.

C. Promote good deeds.

D. Provide advice.

题干问的是第2段中tug at the heartstrings这个短语的含义。对应原文第2段

I guess that there's probably some demanding work schele, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on … At this point the unwilling parent speaks up,“Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.”

由原文可知作者试图去劝说一位女性家长。“她可能仅需要一点劝说,所以我又试了一下,并tug at the hearstrings。”后文提到作者的话术是讲了其他家长的案例,这更多属于诉诸情感。因此选项B比较符合。

如果考生仍觉得不是很有把握,也可以考虑用反向推导。这段话是作者给一位家长讲其他家长的案例,并不涉及A选项的鼓励团队合作,也不涉及C选项的促进善行,也不涉及D选项的提供建议。

考生亦可以通过字面含义来推导。hearstrings字面义是心灵绳索。这也是偏向于感性,与B选项更为

如下:

What do the underlined words "taking on" in paragraph 4 mean?

A. learning from

B. looking down on

C. working with

D. competing against

题干问的是第4段的taking on的含义。原文第4段如下:

"China is impossible to overlook," says Hill. "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement. "Of course, only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China-some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales," adds Hil.

原文提到中国女性对世界时尚潮流的影响力。原文出现了beating them hands down in design and sales说明是前者打败了后者,因此这是在描述时尚竞争,D选项competing against符合文意。

如下:

What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to?

A. The tube.                         

B. The still.

C. The hole.                         

D. The cup.

题干问的是第2段的the water catcher的含义。原文第1、2段如下:

A build-it-yourself solar still(蒸馏器) is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5' 5' sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container— perhaps just a drinking cup — to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.

    To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s proctivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole.

原文讲的是一种自助式蒸馏器的制作,这种蒸馏器能够在干旱缺少地区集水。因此water catcher其实指的就是这种能“捕捉水”的集水器,即这个蒸馏器,因此B选项符合。

大家可以在留言区写下答案哦!

2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试3卷C篇第10题如下:

What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean?

A. A practical idea. 

B. A vain hope.

C. A brilliant plan. 

D. A selfish desire.

原文第3段如下:

There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you'll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it's a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.

Ⅲ 高三英语阅读理解的答题技巧

高三英语阅读理解的答题技巧

一般来说,词汇、阅读速度和理解能力是阅读理解中三个最重要且有相互联系的因素。下面是我整理的高三英语阅读理解的答题技巧,希望对你有帮助!

常见英语阅读方法

1.跳读: 就是快速的一步阅读法。实际上是有选择阅读,找关键词。用这种阅读方法回答who、what、when、where之类的问题最为有效。

2.略读: 指比跳读慢些的二步阅读法。即泛泛地、粗略地快速阅读,目的是了解大意,对文章有个总的概念。此种阅读方法能回答why、how之类的问题。

3.精读: 即最细致、最慢的深层阅读方法,目的是求得对所读文章的全部意义的理解与掌握。

在使用阅读技巧时尽量做到以下几点:

1.带着问题阅读短文。2.找出主题句、确定中心思想。3.推断单词、句子和文章的含义。4.尽快选择答案。

高中阅读理解做题思路

速读全文,了解大意知主题

阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力。考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,搜寻关键词、主题句,捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质。

抓主题句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主题句一般出现在文章的开头和结尾。 主题句往往对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用,主旨大意题,归纳概括题,中心思想题往往直接可从主题句中找到答案。

试试看,你能找出下面一段文章的主题句吗?

The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops.

不难看出,文章的第一句是主题句,后面的句子都围绕这个句子展开。

看题干,带着问题读文章

首先要掌握问题的.类型,客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案;而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等,这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次,了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性,提高了做题的准确率。

逻辑推理,做好深层理解题

在实际阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,阅读者要根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理,不能就事论事,以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有:infer, imply, suggest, indicate等。

猜词悟义,扫除阅读拦路虎

猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”,通过构词,语法,定义,同位,对比,因果,常识,上下文等线索确定词义。

a. 定义法

It will be very hard but also very brittle...that is, it will break easily. 从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是“脆”的意思。

b. 同位法

They traveled a long way, at last got to a castle, a large building in old times. 同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了 castle 的确切词义,即“城堡”。

c. 对比法

She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. but一词表转折,因此but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是她今天“第一节上了一半才来”,因此反向推理,可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。

d. 构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)

Perhaps, we can see some possibilities for next fifty years. possibility 是 possible 的同根名词, 据此可以断定 possibility 意思是“可能性”。

e. 因果法

The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again. 从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”中,可以推测 permanent 的意思为“永远的,永久的”。

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Ⅳ 高考英语阅读理解解题技巧 有哪些方法

高考阅读的基本解题思路:第一,扫描提干,划关键项。第二, 通读全文,抓住中心。做英语阅读的时候一定要读清题目。高考阅读时不要急于去选择,看清题目说的是什么,问的是什么。同时也要进行对照阅读,将题目的问题与文章相应的部分进行对照阅读,能够帮助我们快速的寻找出答案所在。

英语阅读理解解题技巧

1、细节题型:抓住提问中的关键字眼,仔细阅读相关细节的材料内容,一般可以在短文中直接找到或稍加归纳就可以找到正确答案。

2、主旨大意题型:仔细研读短文的前两句,一般是短文的主题句,或辅以阅读各段段落中心句。此方法多适用于说明文、议论文。

3、推理判断题型:推断题是考查学生透过文章表面的文字信息进行分析、综合、归纳等逻辑推理的能力。不仅要弄懂文章的字面意思,更重要的是要知道文章的潜在涵义。

4、词义猜测题:利用构词法猜词和语境及逻辑关系猜词。有时完全可以利用上下文语境和前后句之间的并列、因果、转折、对比、解释定义和举例等关系来猜测词义。

高考英语阅读理解解题思路

一.通读全文,抓两个重点:

①首段(中心句、核心概念常在第一段,常在首段出题);

②其他各段的段首和段尾句。(其他部分略读,有重点的读)

二.抓住中心,用一分半时间思考3个问题:

①文章叙述的主要内容是什么?

②文章中有无提到核心概念?

③作者的大致态度是什么?

三.仔细审题,返回原文。 (仔细看题干,把每道题和原文的某处建立联系,挂起钩)

定位原则:

①通常是由题干出发,使用寻找关键词定位原则。(关键词:大写字母、地名、时间、数字等)

②自然段定位原则。出题的顺序与行文的顺序是基本一致的,一般每段对应一题。

要树立定位意识,每一题、每一选项都要回到原文中某一处定位。

四.重叠选项,得出答案。 (重叠原文=对照原文)

1.通过题干返回原文:判断四个选项,抓住选项中的关键词,把选项定位到原文的某处比较,重叠选项,选出答案。

2.作题练习要求:要有选一个答案的理由和其余三个不选的理由

Ⅳ 【考试必备】高中英语阅读理解解题技巧超强分析!

【 #英语资源# 导语】高中英语在高考总成绩中占据150分的分值,很多高中同学都误认为只要基础知识掌握牢固就万事OK了,其实,高中英语的解题更需要一定的技巧,掌握高效的解题技巧能够事半功倍,轻松应对高考英语难题。 为大家整理了高考英语阅读理解部分的答题技巧解析,希望能帮助到大家学习。




通过详细分析历年高考英语试卷,我们可将阅读理解分为以下几种题型:主旨大意题,细节理解题,推理判断题(含写作意图、目的等),词义猜测题。英语阅读理解题的技巧与策略是学生提高阅读理解多需要具备的。


一、 主旨大意题


这类题在设题时常会用到title, subject, main idea, topic, theme等词。


1.归纳标题题


特点:短小精悍,一般多为一个短语;涵盖性强,一般能覆盖全文意思;精确性强,表达范围要恰当,不能随意改变语意程度或色彩。常见命题形式有:


What’s the best title for the text?


The best title for this passage is ___.


Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?


2. 概括大意题


包括寻找段落大意(topic)和文章中心思想(main idea),常见命题形式有:


What is the general/main idea of the passage? Which of the following expresses the main idea? What is the subject discussed in the text?


BThe writer of the story wants to tell us that_____. The passage/ text is mainly about_____. What’s the article mainly about ?


解题技巧


阅读理解文章多是议论文和说明文 ,这两种文体的结构可归纳为:绝仿悄提出问题——论述问题——得出结论或者阐明观点。对于这类文章,抓主题句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主题句一般出现在文章的开头或结尾。主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点。主题句在文章中的位置主要有以下几种情况。


位于段首 :一般而言,以演绎法撰写的文章,主题句往往在文章的开头,即先点出主题,然后围绕这一主题作具体的陈述。判断第一句是否为主题句,可具体分析段落的首并渣句与第二,三句的关系;如果从第二句就开始大信对第一句进行说明,论述或描述,那第一句就是主题句。有些段落,在主题句后面有明显引出细节的信号词,如for example, an example of; first, second, next, last, finally; to begin with, also, besides; one, the other; some, others等。在阅读中应尽量利用上述信号词来确定主题句的位置。


位于段尾 :有些文章会在开头列举事实, 然后通过论证阐述作者的核心论点。因此,如果第一句话不是概括性的或综合性的话,快速读一读段落的最后一个句子,看看它是否具备主题句的特征。如果它具备主题句的特征,段落的主题思想就很容易确定了。一般说来,当一种观点不易向人解释清楚或不易被人接受时,主题句便会到段落的末尾才出现。学生可以充分利用引出结论的信号词。如so,therefore,thus,consequently;in conclusion,in short;in a word, to sum up等来确定主题句的位置在段尾。当无明显的此类信号时,学生可在段落的最后一句话前面添加一个引出结论的信号词,以确定其是否是主题句。


位于段中 :有时段落是先介绍背景和细节,接着用一句综合或概括性的话概括前面所说的内容或事例,然后再围绕主题展开对有关问题的深入讨论。这种文章的主题句往往会在段落中间出现。归纳起来主要有两种情况:先提出问题,然后给予回答(主题句),最后给予解释;或者,先提出问题,然后点出主题思想(主题句),最后给予解释。


首尾呼应 :主题句在段落的开头和结尾两个位置上先后出现,形成前呼后应的格局。这两个主题句叙说的是同一个内容,但用词不尽相同,这样不但强调了主题思想,而且显得灵活多变。这两个句子并非简单重复,后一个主题句或对该主题作最后的评述,或对要点作一概括,或使之引申留给读者去思考。


无明确主题句 :找关键词(出现频率较高), 归纳总结。


注意


新题型中有一个选项是干扰项,解答此类题时同学易犯以下三种错误:


(1)表述过于片面,只涵盖该段个别细节;


(2)表述太过于笼统,已经超出该段的内容;


(3)表述与段落内容无关,在段落中找不到相关依据


二、细节理解题


考查内容主要涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、数字等议论文中例证细节和定义类细节。这类题目的共同特点是:答案一般都能在文章中找到。当然,答案并不一定是文章中的原句,考生需要根据文章提供的信息自己组织语句回答问题。


1.事实细节题→寻读法


分为直接理解题和间接理解题,前者常用who, what, which, when, where, why和how提问,或判断正误;后者需与原文信息转换,表达上与原文有差异。常见命题形式有:


What can we learn from the passage?


All the following are mentioned except


Which of the following is mentioned (not mentioned)?


Which of the following statements is true/right/false/wrong about…?


2. 排列顺序题→首尾定位法(找出第一个事件和最后一个事件,用排除法缩小范围)


常出现在记叙文和说明文中,一般按事件发生的顺序。常见命题形式有:


Which of the following is the correct order of…? Which of the following shows the path of signals described in Paragraph…?


3. 图文匹配题→按图索骥理清线索


设题形式:给出图表,根据图表提问问题。


4. 数字计算题→(方法:审题→带着问题找细节→对比、分析、计算)


可直接找到相关细节,但需经过计算方可找到答案。


三、推理判断题


主要考查学生对文章中隐含或深层的含意的理解能力。 它要求考生根据文章内容做出合乎逻辑的推断,包括考生对作者观点的理解,态度的判断,对修辞、语气、隐含意思等的理解。题干关键词:infer(推断),indicate(象征,暗示), imply/suggest(暗示), conclude(作出结论), assume(假定,设想).


1.细节推理判断题


一般可根据短文提供的信息或借助生活常识进行推理判断,常见命题形式有:


It can be inferred/ concluded from the text that __________.


The author implies/ suggests that_____.


We may infer that _________.


Which of the following statements is implied but NOT stated?


2.预测推理判断题


根据语篇对文章接下来的内容或可能的结局进行猜测,常见命题形式有: What do you think will happen if/when…?


At the end of this passage, the writer might continue to write_____


3.推测文章来源或读者对象


常见命题形式有:


The passage is probably take out of_____


The passage would most likely be found in_____


Where does this text probably come from?


4.写作意图、目的、态度推断题


作者的语气态度往往不会直接写在文章里,只能通过细读文章,从作者的选词及其修饰手段中体会出来。


询问写作目的的题,选项里常出现的词是: explain(解释), prove (证明), persuade(劝说), advise(劝告), comment(评论), praise(赞扬), criticize(批评), entertain(娱乐), demonstrate(举例说明), argue(辩论), tell(讲述), analyze(分析)等。


询问语气态度的题,选项里常出现的词是: neutral(中立的), sympathetic(同情的), satisfied(满意的), friendly(友好的), enthusiastic(热情的), subjective(主观的), objective(客观的), matter-of-fact(实事求是的), pessimistic(悲观的), optimistic(乐观的), critical(批评的), doubtful(怀疑的), hostile(敌对的), indifferent(冷淡的), disappointed(失望的)。


常见命题形式有:


The purpose of the text is_____


What is the main purpose of the author writing the text? By mentioning…, the author aims to show that_____


What is the author’s attitude towards…?


What is the author’s opinion on…?


The author’s tone in this passage is _____.


解答技巧


推断题是考查学生透过文章表面的文字信息进行分析、综合、归纳等逻辑推理的能力。推理和判断必须以事实为依据,切莫主观臆断。


①那些文章中直接陈述的内容不能选,要选择根据文章推理出来的选项。


②推理不是凭空猜测,而是立足已知推断未知;作出正确答案时一定要在文中找到依据或理由。


③要忠实于原文,以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。不能以自己的观点代替作者的想法;不要脱离原文主观臆断。


四、词义猜测题


考点:


①猜测某个词、词组、句子的意义


②对文中的多义词或词组进行定义


③判断某个代词的指代的对象。常见命题形式有:


The underlined word/phrase in the second paragraph means _____.


The word “it/they” in the last sentence refers to______.


The word “…”(Line 6. para.2)probably means ______.


The word “…”(Line 6. para.2)could best be replaced by which of the following?


Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “…” ?


解答技巧


1.通过因果关系猜词通过因果关系猜词


首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系,然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如because,as,since,for,so,thus,as a result,of course,therefore等等)表示前因后果。


例如:You shouldn't have blamed him for that,for it wasn't his fault. 通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错),可猜出blame的词义是"责备"。


2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词


通过同义词猜词 ,一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组,如happy and *,即使我们不认识*这个词,也可以知道它是愉快的意思;二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词,如Man has known something about the planets Venus,Mars,and Jupiter with the help of spaceships. 此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均为生词,但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于"行星"这一义域。


通过反义词猜词 ,一是看表转折关系的连词或副词,如but,while,however等;二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语,如:He is so homely,not at all as handsome as his brother.根据not at all...handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思,即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。


3.通过构词法猜词


根据前缀、后缀、复合、派生等构词知识判断生词词义。如:She is unlikely to have stolen the money. ( “un”含否定意义,故为“不太可能”之意。)


4.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义


例如:But sometimes,no rain falls for a long,long time. Then there is a dry period,or drought. 从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨,于是便有一段干旱的时期,即drought,由此可见drought意思为"久旱","旱灾"。而a dry period和drought是同义语。这种同义或释义关系常由is,or,that is,in other words,be called或破折号等来表示。


5.通过句法功能来推测词义


例如:Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生词,我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples,coconuts和bananas,oranges是同类关系,同属fruit类,因此它们是两样水果,准确地说,是菠萝和椰子。


6.通过描述猜词


描述即作者对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。例如:The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly,it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。


7. 根据常识猜词


如:The door was so low that he hit his head on the lintel.(lintel “过梁”。)


Afraid of waking the baby up, she tiptoed out of the room.(tiptoed “踮着脚走,蹑手蹑脚”)

Ⅵ 高考英语阅读理解:高考英语阅读理解九大猜词技巧

《高考英语阅读理解九大猜词技巧》由liuxue86.com我整理。本内容整理时间为05月12日,如有任何问题请联系我们。

1.利用定义或解察指庆释(definition or explanation)
Signal words: means, refers to, be called, be known as ,can be defined as, in other words,that is , that is to say, 定语从句…..etc.

举例:
Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots(嫩芽), or young leaves of trees.(B)
The word “pruning” means______
A. Regular cutting(修剪) of the plants
B. Frequent watering
C. Regular use of chemicals
D. Growing the plants high in the mountain

2.利用普通常识和经验(common sense or experience)
举例败握:
1. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today.
“ocelot” means _________________(an endangered wild cat)
2.The period of adolescence, the period between childhood and althood ,may be long or short.
“adolescence” means___________(The period between childhood and althood)

3.利用同义/同位语(similarity/appositive)
Signal words:for example ,for instance,such as ,like,as---as,etc.
举例:
The largest player – Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Center offers a wide variety of choices, such as deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are the big favorite of the tourists. (C)
The words “deluxe sedans,” “minivans” and “station wagons” used in the text refer to ____.
A. cars in the making B. car rental firms C. cars for rent D. car makers

4.利用举例(from examples)
Signal words: as, like, the same as,unlike, but,however, on the contrary, while,instead…逗搏ect.
举例:
1. The snow was falling.Big flakes drifted(飘) with the wind like feathers.
2. Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy person who does not like to go to parties or make new friends.

5.利用比较或对比(comparison or contrast)
(1)Overwork may cause diseases.
over(过分的、过量的)+work=overwork“工作过度”。
(2)There was a dissatisfied look in the manager's eyes.
dis “不” + satisfied“满意的=dissatisfied “不满意的”。

6.利用构词法(Word formation):前缀、后缀、复合、派生等
举例:
1. Is he intelligent or stupid?
2. Most women in Ghana--- the ecated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old--- work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved.(C)
The underlined word “illiterate” in the passage means ____.
A. Repeated B. reiterated. C unecated D. sick

7.利用同义词或反义词(Synonym or Antonym)
举例:
Signal words:because,since ,so, such…that,so…that, ect
I feel that since you are my superior(上司), it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .”(B)
The word “presumptuous” is closest in meaning to “____” .
A.full of respect B. rude and too confident
C.lacking in experience D.too shy and quiet

8.利用原因与结果关系猜词(from Cause and Result)
The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer.(A)
A. work B. study C. name D. interest

9.利用上下文的语境(context or related information)

更多练习:

1. A good teacher works in quite a different way. His audience take an active part in his play: they ask and answer questions, they obey orders, and if they don’t understand something, they say so.

The word “audience” in the paragraph means ____.
A. students
B. people who watch a play
C. people who act on the stage
D. people who listen to something
答案:A
解题关键:常识 teacher-----students

2. When some kind of pain killer(止痛药) was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the proct look weak and ineffective(无效的).
The underlined part “the colours turned the customers off” means that the colours_______
Attracted the customers strongly
Had weak effects on the customers
Tricked the customers into shopping
Caused the customers to lose interest
答案:D
解题关键:因果关系 because

3. Collins decided that she must go, although the hazards of the trip were many, for example, the unbearable heat , the possibility of getting lost , the presence of wild animals and poisonous snakes .
“hazard” means ___________________
A. pleasure, B. problem, C. danger, D. attraction
答案:C
解题关键:举例for example

4. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society
The underlined phrase “the most vocal” means______
A. Those who try their best to win
B. Those who value competition most highly
C.Those who are against competition most strongly
D. Those who rely on others most for success
答案:C
解题关键:上下文语境 context or related information

5.Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to them-a form of favoritism will replace equality.
The word “favoritism" is used to describe the phenomenon that ________.
A. bright children also need certificates to get satisfying jobs
B. children from well-respected schools tend to have good jobs
C. poor children with certificates are favored in job markets
D. children attending ordinary schools achieve great success
答案:B
解题关键:破折号(定义或同位语)

6. Grown-ups also have a sense of object permanence. That is to say, if we put a box in a room and lock the door, the box will still be there when we come back.
“Object permanence” means that when out of sight, an object ______
A. Still exists B. keeps its shape
C. Still stays solid D. is beyond reach
答案:A
解题关键:
1.定义:definition that is to say也就是说
2.构词法:permanent—permanence

7. A child's birthday party doesn't have to be a hassle; instead, it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months.
What does the underlined word "hassle“ probably mean?
A. a party designed by specialists
B. a plan requiring careful thought
C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble
D. a demand made by guests
答案:C
解题关键:比较comparison(instead—相反,反而)

8. William Shakespeare said. “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn(纱线),good and ill together.”
The underlined word “mingled” most probably means? ? .
A.simple????B.mixed????C.sad???D.happy
答案:B
解题关键:definition or explanation 定义或解释猜测词义

9. The house looked quite normal outside, but inside it was very exotic with fascinating objects on display. As he began putting them into his bag, a god came into the room. It stopped when it saw Buster, then wagged its tail madly and went over to him, licking his outstretched hand. “Good boy,” Buster whispered. “What a great guard dog you are --- trying to lick me to death.”
Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word “exotic” ?
A Messy and untidy.
B. Rich and expensive.
C. Comfortable and calming
D. Unusual and foreign.
答案:D
解题关键:对比contrast,normal—but---unusual

10. Lions are opportunists. They prefer to eat without having to do too much work. When resting in the shade, they are also watching the sky to see what is flying by, and even in the heat of the day they will suddenly start up and run a mile across the plains to find out what is going on. If another animal has made a kill, they will drive it off and take the kill for themselves.
By describing lions as “opportunists”, the author means to say that lions ____.
A. are cruel animals
B. are clever animals
C. Like to take advantage of(利用) other animals
D. Like to take every chance to eat
答案:C
解题关键:构词法及下文解释opportunity---ist

《高考英语阅读理解九大猜词技巧》由liuxue86.com我整理

Ⅶ 2020高考英语阅读理解猜题技巧

2020高考英语晌友阅读理解猜题技巧

俗话说,得阅读者得高考!猜词题是阅读理解中相对简单的一种题型。根据多年的高考英语教学经验,我将猜词题的类型进行了具体的分类,下面是我特意为大家整理了关于2020高考英语阅读理解猜题技巧的相关材料,希望对您的工作和生活有帮助。

1.构词法;2.同义词;3.反义词;4.上下文;

5.释义法;6.因果题;7.代词题;8.常识题

下面我来举例说明。

1.构词法:前缀、后缀、复合、派生等

Car rentals are becoming more and more popular as an inexpensive way of taking to the road.

Q: The underlined word “inexpensive” means _______.

A.cheap B.happy C.good D.painful

解析:划线单词inexpensive是一个派生词,由否定前缀in和单词expensive(昂搜缺贵的)构成,意思是“不昂贵的”,故选A (便宜的)。

2.同义词(列举法)

Signal words:for example, for instance, such as, like,as---as, etc.

Collins decided that she must go, although the hazards of the trip were many, for example, the unbearable heat, the possibility of getting lost, the presence of wild animals and poisonous snakes.

Q: The underlined word "hazard" means ___________________

A. pleasure B. problem C. danger D. attraction

解析:根据划线词hazard后面的举例,“无法忍受的炎热,可能迷路,野生动物和毒蛇的出现”世谨辩,这些都属于“危险的事情”(danger),故选C。

3.反义词

转折词:though, although, still, but, yet, instead, instead of, however, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, unlike, rather than, for one thing, for another等

Achild's birthday party doesn't have to be a hassle; instead, it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months.

Q: What does the underlined word "hassle" probably mean?

A. a party designed by specialists B. a plan requiring careful thought

C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble D. a demand made by guests

解析:根据划线词hassle后的转折词instead(相反),可以推断出hassle是与a basket of fun(一筐乐趣)意思相反。故选C (一种导致困难或麻烦的情形)。

4.上下文:利用上下文提供的情景和线索推测

Food Network procer Flay hopes the young cook will find a place on the network television. He says Lieberman’s charisma is key. “Food TV isn’t about food anymore,” says Flay. “It’s about your personality(个性)and finding a way to keep people’s eyeballs on your show.”

Q: What does the word “charisma” underlined in the text refer to?

A. A natural ability to attract others. B. A way to show one’s achievement.

C. Lieberman’s after-class interest. D. Lieberman’s fine cooking skill.

解析:charisma为非考纲词汇表上单词,其词义与下文的“It’s about your personality(个性)and finding a way to keep people’s eyeballs on your show.”有关。故选A(一种天然的吸引他人的能力)。

5.释义法:使用定语(从句)、表语、同位语、冒号、破折号、分号等解释说明

信息词: means, refers to, be called, be known as, can be defined as, in other words, that is, that is to say......

William Shakespeare said. "The web of our life is of a mingled yarn (纱线), good and ill together."

Q: The underlined word "mingled" most probably means?

A.simple B.mixed C.sad D.happy

解析:根据后文的释义,good and ill together,可以推断划线词mingled的意思是“混合的”(minxed),故选B。

6.因果题

When some kind of pain killer (止痛药) was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the proct look weak and ineffective(无效的).

Q: The underlined part "the colours turned the customers off" means that the colours_______

A.Attracted the customers strongly B.Had weak effects on the customers

C.Tricked the customers into shopping D.Caused the customers to lose interest

解析:根据because后的解释,“因为他们使产品看起来软弱和无效”,可以推断出结果“导致顾客失去兴趣”。故选D。

7.代词题

信息词:one,it,that,he,him或them等指代上文提到的人或事物。

Demands for pigeon-delivered money stopped as soon as the press reported the story. And even if they start again, Chen holds little hope of catching the criminal. “We have more important things to do,” he said.

Q: The underlined word“they”in the last paragraph refers to____.

A. criminals B. pigeons C. the stolen cars D. demands for money

解析:代词指代必须符合就近原则,指代最近的上文提到的人或事物。复数代词they指代复数名词。故选D

8.常识题

Ifeel that since you are my superior (上司), it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do.

Q: The word "presumptuous" is closest in meaning to "____" .

A.full of respect B.rude and too confident

C.lacking in experience D.too shy and quiet

解析:常识题。在Kim看来,因为对方是自己的上司,告诉上司去做什么,会显得不礼貌(rude)、自负(too confident)。故选B。

经过分类整理,猜词题的命题思路就变得非常清晰,了解了命题思路,做题时就有了方向。

当然,要想真正掌握这些策略,还需要大量的训练实践,不断地吸收消化,最后融会贯通。

我是苗爸,“职业化家庭英语启蒙训练”推广人。我会每天分享英语启蒙和高考英语相关的原创文章。

今天的分享到此结束。我们明天再见!

Ⅷ 如何提高英语考试阅读题的猜词技巧(3)

八、语境线索或上下文

即利用语境来推测生词含义的方法。这是我们用来推测词义的主要方法之一。

例一:The days of elderly women doing nothing but cooking huge meals on holidays are gone. Enter the Red Hat Society—a group holding the belief that old ladies should have fun.

“My grandmothers did not do anything, but keep house and serve everybody, they were programmed to do that,” said Emily Cornette, head of a chapter of the 7-year-old Red Hat Society.

根据上下文我们可以很容易得出chapter的词义为这个组织the Red Hat Society的一个分支。

例二:As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency ( 一贯性 )is very important teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality ( 道德 ). Also, parents should realize that “example is better than precept”. If they are not sincere and don’t practice what they preach ( teach ), their children may grow confused, and emotionally insecure ( 不稳定 )when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.

根据上下文我们可知precept的词义为“说教”。

例三:Here are some simple ways to beat the stress often caused by our inventions!

Don’t be available all the time. Turn off your mobile phone at certain times of the day. Don’t check your e-mail every day. Don’t reply to somebody as soon as they leave a text message just because you can. It may be fun at first, but it soon gets annoying.

根据语境我们知道available的词义为“可与之交谈的”或“有空的”。

例四:We found that bar at last. I didn’t have to ask again, for there it was in big letters over the window—Star Bar. There were some iron tables outside with plastic chairs around them. A few people sat listlessly around, looking at a portable television set that someone had brought out of the bar. They were all in thin summer dresses or short sleeved-shirts; even at that late hour it was stifling. Two thin dogs lay under one of the tables with their tongues out, and some of the women were fanning themselves unenthusiastically (无精打采的) with magazines.

根据语境我们猜出stifling的词义为“极热的”。

九、标点符号的暗示

例一:The days of elderly women doing nothing but cooking huge meals on holidays are gone. Enter the Red Hat Society—a group holding the belief that old ladies should have fun.

破折号后面的部分对the Red Hat Society作了解释,是“一个认为老年人应该有自己乐趣的团体”。

例二:The largest player—Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Center offers a wide variety of choices—deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are the big favorite.

第二个破折号后面的deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches应该指的是汽车的品牌或种类。

十、同义词的替代关系

例句:Although he often had the opportunity, Mr. Tritt was never able to steal money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank, and he didn’t want to jeopardize his future.

为避免重复使用endanger一词, 用同义词jeopardize来替代它, 我们推知jeopardize词义为“使陷入危险,危及,危害”。

十一、利用主系表结构来猜词

主系表结构的句子有两种功能:一是说明主语的形状和特征;二是主语和表语是同位关系。

例一:To malign is to slander an innocent person.

表语意为“诽谤无辜的人”, 那样主语就是“中伤,诽谤”的意思。

例二:Insomnia is the inability of falling asleep or sleeping restlessly.

表语意为“睡不着”,主语Insomnia无疑就是“失眠”了。

十二、生活常识

根据日常生活中的常识和相关的背景知识,大胆想象,合理发挥,推测出生词的含义。

例一:Warm-blooded desert animals, such as rats and mice, rest ring the day, often staying in cool underground burrows.

根据常识我们知道鼠类一般藏在洞里,因此生词burrows的意思为“地洞,洞穴”。

例二:The snake slithered through the grass.

根据有关蛇的生活习性的知识,我们可以推测出slithered的词义为“爬行”。

十三、构词法

英语词汇的构词法主要有三种:派生,合成,转化构词。

我们主要利用派生构词来推断生词的含义。

词根是单词最基本的部分,表达单词的基本含义。在词根的前面或后面加上词缀,可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。一般来说,前缀改变词根的意思;后缀改变词性。

常见的前缀有:super- 超……

mini- 小型的……

re- 再,又……

post- 后

pre- 前

fore- 前

under- 下

后缀有:

-ment 名词的后缀

-less 不,无

-proof 防……的

例句:Remember that people on line may not be who they seem. Because you can’t see or even hear the person, it would be easy for someone to misrepresent himself/herself. Thus someone says “She is a 12-year-old girl ”could really be an old man.

根据语境和misrepresent的构词方式, 前缀mis-的意思是“误,错-的”,词根represent的意思是“表达,展示”之意, 合在一起我们知道misrepresent的词义为“误述,歪曲”。

十四、文中代词指代的推测

高考题年年考查对文中代词实际指代的对象。一般来说它实际指代的对象在含有代词的句子前半部分或前一句话。我们把它叫做“前指”。

例一:Demands for pigeon-delivered money stopped at noon as the press rported the story. And even if they start again, Chen holds little hope of catching the criminal.”We have more important things to do,” he said.

根据我们上面讲到的,they应该指上一句中的Demands for pigeon-delivered money。

例二:The book contained a large number of clues to help readers find the hare, but Williams put in a lot of “red herrings”, or false clues, to mislead them.

根据语境them.指代上文的readers。

虽然掌握一些猜词技巧能帮助我们猜测词义,但是我们不能只依靠这些。最重要的还是掌握全篇文。

Ⅸ 高考英语阅读理解的答题技巧

高考英语阅读理解的答题技巧

英语阅读理解是高考英语必考题型之一,其所占的分之也比较大,所以打击一定要重视高中英语阅读理解题,掌握其解题技巧,下面是我整理的高考英语阅读理解的答题技巧,希望对你有帮助!

高考英语阅读理解的答题技巧1

一、速读全文,了解大意知主题。

阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力。考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,搜寻关键词、主题句,捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质。

抓主题句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主题句一般出现在文章的开头和结尾。 主题句往往对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用,主旨大意题,归纳概括题,中心思想题往往直接可从主题句中找到答案。

试试看,你能找出下面一段文章的主题句吗?

the panda is a popular animal. stories about the panda in the washington zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops.

不难看出,文章的第一句是主题句,后面的句子都围绕这个句子展开。

二、看题干,带着问题读文章。

首先要掌握问题的类型,客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案;而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等,这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次,了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性,提高了做题的准确率。

三、 逻辑推理,做好深层理解题。

在实际阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,阅读者要根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理,不能就事论事,以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有:infer, imply, suggest, indicate等。

四、 猜词悟义,扫除阅读拦路虎。

猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”,通过构词,语法,定义,同位,对比,因果,常识,上下文等线索确定词义。

a. 定义法

it will be very hard but also very brittle...that is, it will break easily. 从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是“脆”的意思。

b. 同位法

they traveled a long way, at last got to a castle, a large building in old times. 同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了 castle 的确切词义,即“城堡”。

c. 对比法

she is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. but一词表转折,因此but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是她今天“第一节上了一半才来”,因此反向推理,可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。

d. 构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)

perhaps, we can see some possibilities for next fifty years. possibility 是 possible 的同根名词, 据此可以断定 possibility 意思是“可能性”。

e. 因果法

the lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. sometimes the weakness was permanent. so the player could never play the sport again. 从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”中,可以推测 permanent 的意思为“永远的,永久的”。

12017高考英语阅读理解答题技巧二

一.高考阅读的基本解题思路:

第一,扫描提干,划关键项。

第二, 通读全文,抓住中心。

1. 通读全文,抓两个重点:

①首段(中心句、核心概念常在第一段,常在首段出题);

②其他各段的段首和段尾句。(其他部分略读,有重点的读)

2. 抓住中心,用一分半时间思考3个问题:

①文章叙述的主要内容是什么?

②文章中有无提到核心概念?

③作者的大致态度是什么?

第三,仔细审题,返回原文。(仔细看题干,把每道题和原文的某处建立联系,挂起钩)

定位原则:

①通常是由题干出发,使用寻找关键词定位原则。(关键词:大写字母、地名、时间、数字等)

②自然段定位原则。出题的顺序与行文的顺序是基本一致的,一般每段对应一题。

要树立定位意识,每一题、每一选项都要回到原文中某一处定位。

第四,重叠选项,得出答案。(重叠原文=对照原文)

1. 通过题干返回原文:判断四个选项,抓住选项中的关键词,把选项定位到原文的某处比较,重叠选项,选出答案。

2.作题练习要求:要有选一个答案的理由和其余三个不选的理由

二.阅读理解的解题技巧

1.例证题 :

① 例证题的`标记。当题干中出现example, case, illustrate, illustration, exemplify 时。

② 返回原文,找出该例证所在的位置,既给该例子定位。

③ 搜索该例证周围的区域,90%向上,10%向下,找出该例证支持的观点。例子周围具有概括抽象性的表达通常就是它的论点。

注意:举例的目的是为了支持论点或是为了说明主题句。举例后马上问这个例子说明了什么问题?不能用例子中的话来回答这个问题。

④ 找出该论点,并与四个选项比较,得出选项中与该论点最一致的答案。

⑤ 例证题错误答案设计的干扰特征经常是:就事论事。

即用例子中的某一内容拉出来让你去选。(╳)

要求:在阅读中,遇到长的例子,立即给这个例子定位,即找出起始点,从哪开始到哪结束。

2.指代题 :

① 返回原文,找出出题的指代词。

② 向上搜索,找最近的名词、名词性短语或句子(先从最近点开始找,找不到再找次近的,一般答案不会离得太远)。

③ 将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代入替换该指代词,看其意思是否通顺。

④ 将找到的词、词组或句子与四个选项进行比较,找出最佳答案。

3. 词汇题 :“搜索代入”法

① 返回原文,找出该词汇出现的地方。

② 确定该词汇的词性

③ 从上下文(词汇的前后几句)中找到与所给词汇具有相同词性的词(如一下子找不到就再往上往下找),代入所给词汇在文章中的位置(将之替换)看语义是否合适

④ 找出选项中与代替词意思相同或相近的选相,即答案

注意:

a.如果该词汇是简单词汇,则其字面意思必然不是正确答案。

b.高考阅读不是考察字认识不认识,而是考察是否能根据上下文作出正确的判断。

c.词汇题的正确答案经常蕴藏在原文该词汇出现的附近。注意不能靠单词词义直接往下推。

d.寻找时要注意同位语、特殊标点(比如分号,分号前后两句话的逻辑关系不是形式上的并列就是语义上的并列,也就是两句话的意思相同,所以可用其中一句话的意思来推测 另一句话的意思从而推出所给词汇含义)、定语从句、前后缀,特别要注意寻找时的同性原则。比如:让猜一个名词词组(动词词组)的意思,我们就向上向下搜索名词词组(动词词组)。

隐蔽型词汇题:题干与原文的某句完全重合,只有一两个词被替换掉。隐蔽型词汇题的做法跟词汇题的做法几乎一样,往上往下找。

4.句子理解题 :

① 返回原文找到原句。

② 对原句进行语法和词义的精确分析(找主干),应该重点抓原句的字面含义。若该句的字面含义不能确定,则依据上下文进行判断。注意:局部含义是由整体决定的。

③ 一般来说,选项中的正确答案与原句意思完全相同,只不过用其他英语词汇换种表达而已。

④ 句子理解题的错误选项干扰项特征:推得过远。做题时应把握住推的度。

思路: 对句子微观分析? 不行就依据上下文? 选择时不要推得过远。

5.推理题 :“最近原则”

① 标志: learn, infer, imply, inform

② 看是否可以通过题干返回原文或依据选项返回原文。一般要围绕文中的一两个重点进行推理。推理题无论通过题干能不能定位,我们都要把它固化到文章的一两点上。

③ 依据原文的意思进行三错一对的判断。先不要进行推理,若有一个选项跟原文的意思一模一样,则该选项必然是正确答案。推理题不是考察我们的想象力,它实际是考察我们原文中的某几个点如一个、两个点所涉及的问题我们读透了没有。因此,不推的比推的好;推的近的比推的远的要好。

④ 推理题的最近答案原则:不推的要比推的好,推的近的要比推的远的好,直接推出的要比间接推的好。(原文的某句话变个说法)

注意:做题时不能想得太多,推得过远。是否把原文读懂才是关键。

6.主旨题 : “串线摘帽”

即在自然段少的时候串串线,串线法解不出来时,大帽子、小帽子摘一下。

① 主旨题的标志:mainly about, mainly discuss, the best title

② 串线法:抓首段和其余各段的第一句话,把其意思连接成一个整体。要注意总结性的提示词和转折词,特别要注意中心句。(主要针对自然段少的文章;针对自然段多的文章,主旨题最好联系中心句。找一个和中心句最贴近的)

③ 小心首段陷阱。

④ 主旨题错误选项的干扰特征经常是:

⑴ 局部信息,即选项的内容小于文章的内容;

⑵ 范围过宽,即选项的内容大于文章的内容。

⑤逆向思维法、快速作文法:在两个选项看上去都十分正确无法选择时,试着从选项出发,想象一下如果自己以此选项来写文章会有那些内容,然后把它与文章的内容比较,接近的即为正确选项。

7. 作者态度题 :

① 标志:attitude

② 应精确理解四个选项的含义。

③ 不要掺杂自己的观点。

④ 可以寻找文中一些具有感情色彩的词。如:fortunately, excessively, too many.

⑤ 举例的方式。

⑥ 抓论述的主线。把第一段读透,把其他各段的段首段尾句拉出来,看整个文章的谋篇结构。

⑦ 做作者态度题时特别注意:首先看清楚是谁对谁的态度。

8. 判断题 :

①看可否通过四个选项具体化到文中一点或者根据自然段原则定位。

②每个选项都应返回原文,不能凭主观印象进行判断。

③要重点抓是“三错一对”还是“三对一错”的关系(做题是要看清题目)。

9. 细节题 :

看完题目回到原文,重叠原文,得出答案

10.重点题型中的几个问题:

① 词汇题:字面意思不是答案,要根据上下文推测其深刻含义

② 句子理解题:一般不要求推理,只看句子本身。

③ 推理题:答案很大程度上是原文的重现,不一定非要经过逻辑推理从原文中得出。

11. 正确答案的特征:

① 正确答案经常与中心思想有关。

② 正确答案的位置,最常见的三个位置是:段首段尾处、转折处、因果处。

③ 正确答案经常运用的原则是:同义替换、正话反说、反话正说。

④ 从语气角度来看,正确答案中经常含有不肯定的语气词和委婉表达的用词。如:can, may, might, possible, not necessarily, some.

⑤ 正确答案经常具有概括性、深刻性,不能只见树木不见森林。

12. 错误答案的特征:

第一大层次:

① 无中生有 (未提及的概念);

② 正反混淆 (选项的意思跟原文的意思正好相反);

③ 所答非所问 (虽然选项的说法没有问题,符合原文,但和题干搭不上边)

第二大层次:

① 过分绝对;

② 扩大范围(注意隐蔽型的扩大范围mostly);

③ 因果倒置;

④ 常识判断;

⑤ 推得过远;

⑥ 偏离中心;

⑦ 变换词性。

常识判断:如果一个选项仅仅符合常识,不一定是正确答案,还要看文章中类似的意思有没有出现;如果一个选项不符合常识,一定不是正答案。能够不由自主地按照正确的思路解题了,才表明我们正确掌握了这些技巧。

高考英语阅读理解的答题技巧2

1知己知彼:弄清命题理念

要知道做题的秘诀,首先要知道命题人的思想。高考的目的就是分个等级,把大家区别开来,所以在能够区别的地方设置题目“为难”大家。因此命题老师会挖空心思来出题。高考英语阅读中选择题答案就两种:right or wrong。题支命题的构成方式就是“干扰+陷阱”,陷阱就是下面的错误类型。掌握了操作技巧,做阅读理解既迅速又正确。做题技巧归纳起来就是:找出“right answer”,毙掉“wrong answers'。

2做题四部曲:步骤1-4

做题步骤很重要!英语非常牛的人,先后顺序影响不大,但不要相信你非常牛。可能大家有自己的做题习惯与步骤,但是这里推荐的步骤为:读阅读题题干并勾关键词——读题支并勾关键词——读文章勾出对应的句子——返回问题,选出答案。具体操作见图。步骤很重要,能够提高做题的正确率和效率。

例如:以2013英语高考全国卷A篇阅读理解为例。

第一步:读36题题干“What does the author say aboutdoctors in general?”——勾出黑体字的关键词;

第二步:读题支“A. They likeflyingby themselves. B. They are unwilling totake advice. C. They pretend to begood pilots. D. They are quicklearners of CRM——勾出这里标记的黑字体关键词,如法炮制完成36-39题;

第三步:阅读文章(文章见图片)——勾出文章中与题干、题支像匹配、类似的词语、句子,如“Doctor、don't listen、CRM”等;

第四步:返回到题中,将题支中的句子与文章中对应的句子对比,得出答案。

3错误答案的特征

1无中生有:

顾名思义,就是文章中没有写,但题支中却出现了。绝大多数情况下,这种题支就是错误的,因为文章没有提及。这种考题较常见于简单的模拟考试、出题简单的省份。但是有2种情况下是正确的:推理的+归纳的,具体解释见第三部分“正确答案的特征”。

例如:13年全国卷II中,A篇阅读理解中,A答案关键词含“like flying”,而文中根本未提到like,就连近义词enjoy/love等都没有; D答案中关键词“quick learners ”,对应的句子中就没有提及quick,就连同义词fast/rapid都没出现,同理C答案也一样。所以遇到这种无中生有的答案可以:直接判为错误答案!

2超前判断:

所谓超前判断指的是文章中还没有得出结果,明确得出结论,在题支中就得出了结论/结果,弄错时态,把现在的说成将来的,把过去的说成现在的,把将来完成的说成现在完成的,把可能的说成已经的,等不一而足。当然别把它和推理出来的答案搞混了,推理归纳的见后面详解。

例如:2013高考英语上海卷C篇73题,问的是“It can be inferred from paragraphs 3 and 4 that the robotic fly _____”, D答案是“has been put into wide application”,而文中对应的句子为“so that it might someday perform…”。所以遇到超前判断的答案可以:直接判为错误答案!

3喧宾夺主:

喧宾夺主也就是主次颠倒,没有弄清主次关系。通俗讲,就是在阅读理解中,对于问题中的题支,能够在文中找到相对应的部分或者是句子,但是只有一个是最主要的,其他表述都是次要的,这个主要的就是围绕问题展开叙述的。这种类型的错误常见于:归纳短文意思、给短文选择最适合的标题等类型的问题中。

例如:2013英语上海卷C篇75题,问题是:“Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?”,题支为:A. Father of Robotic Fly B. Inspiration from Engineering Science C. Robotic Fly Imitates Real Life Insect D. Harvard Breaks Through in Insect Study。根据文章每个答案都有提及,看起来都好像是正确的。通过文章,找出原来是围绕Robotic和life来讲的,这就是最主要的主体,因此正确。而A中father、B中Inspiration、D中Breaks Through都只是辅助部分甚至没提到。所以遇到喧宾夺主的答案可以:直接判为错误答案!

4答非所问:

这个相比大家都懂了,人家问西你答东。题支中的回答和题干不相符。这种问题应该是最简单的,相信不少人火眼晶晶就能够看出来。比较准确地说是就是不相关。由于高考想区别出等级,所以需要难度,这种类型的题就比较少了,最为常见于初中英语题中以及高中平时模拟练习中。

例如:比如2013高考山东卷73题B答案。问题是“For what purpose did Pearson start the advertising campaign?”,答案中为“A. To build a goodrelationshipwith the public B. To stress theunusual traditionof Sparrow C. To lean aboutcustomers; ”B、C答案关键词为unusual tradition、customers,文中并没有围绕这个来说(当然这里这个例子是不够精确)。所以遇到答非所问的答案可以:直接判为错误答案!

5强加因果:

强加因果就是本来两件事情就没有因果关系,却在题支中说出两个的因果关系,这都是错误的题支。这种类型的错误是比较少见的,但是一旦出现,不容易发现,尤其是逻辑性比较强的问题。应对方法是,对于有因果叙述的问题,需要自习推敲一下,看看是否是真的有因果关系。

例如:文章中讲了全球气候变暖( global warming),文章中可能讲乱砍乱伐、汽车尾气、燃烧秸秆等等问题,在问题中,问你造成全球变暖是由什么造成的,题支中给你一个选项就是乱砍乱伐,可能你就会想:乱砍乱伐——树木减少——光合作用减少——二氧化碳消耗减少——大气中热、二氧化碳增多——所以全球气候变换,这就是典型的想多了! 所以遇到这种强加因果的答案可以:直接判为错误答案!

6颠倒是非:

把肯定的说成否定,把否定的说成肯定,这种类型的错误还是比较容易看出来的。但是如果通过同义转换,就不是很好看出来了。或者是把不是很明确的说的十分肯定,就较难看出这种颠倒是非的关系。

例如:2013上海卷第74题问的是“Which of the following can be learned from the passage”,B答案为“Animals are not allowed in biological experiments.”而原文对应的句子为“You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead” 。就是明显的同义转换后颠倒是非。所以遇到颠倒是非的答案可以:直接判为错误答案!

7以偏概全:

以偏概全指的是文章中说的是一个范围,问题中悄悄将题支的叙述范围给你改了,很久都看不出来。文章是由几部分组成的,每个部分肯定有自己的中心范围,而这些部分就组成了整篇文章,整片文章又只有一个中心,如果是用某部分的来表达整个文章的思想,就是以偏概全。

例如:2013上海卷C篇75题,问的是“Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?”;题支为“A.Fatherof Robotic Fly B.InspirationfromEngineering Science C.RoboticFly ImitatesReal Life InsectD. HarvardBreaks Throughin Insect Study”。根据黑体关键词,A的是一个部分的,B的描述的是下一个部分的, D也是,文章中说的也不是很明确,这种类型的常见于概括文章、给文章起标题概括中心思想的题型中。对于以偏概全的答案可以:直接判为错误答案!

错误的类型主要是这几种,另外还有张冠李戴,比如文章中为jack did the work ,题支中却说成了Jackson;再如he won the prize,却说成she won the prize等。

近些年英语貌似变得简单些了,不过如果题出难了的话,还有几种不容易发现的错误类型如:逻辑推理、大小关系不清楚等等,这类似数学的真包含假包含一样。比如说Jack planted some big trees near his home, the air around getting fresher after that。题支中的描述成“ what jack did prevent the global warming”这样就是属于逻辑上的混乱和错误。

4正确答案的特征:同义句转换的题支

命题的道理是为了增加题的难度,所以不能直接像小学初中一样给你原文句字,所以必须做个同义句转换。因此同义句一般都是正确的答案。这种类型的题型在高考、四级、六级考试中非常常见,如果你对自己不是很有底气,直接选择这个同义句,根据个人经验,95%情况下都是正确的!

例如:13年全国卷II中,A篇第36题B选项“They are unwilling to take advice”与文中“They don't listen because they already know it all” 的为同义改写,所以答案就是这个。因此,同义句转换的题支可以直接选择为正确答案.

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