英语四级阅读妇女教育

A. “精”“快”方法掌握，攻破英语四六级阅读04

第一步：总结文章中的好的短句、长难句、考点句；总结文章中句子如何开头，句子之间的关系、衔接，段落之间的衔接，并记忆和运用可以在作文中使用的句型。
例1：He is a big spender. 他花钱大手大脚。
运用：Many young alts are big spenders. 许多年轻人花钱大手大脚。

例2：1949 witnessed the liberation of China.
运用：The dawn of the new century witnessed the increasing popularity of the web.
中国人写英文句子多喜欢用第一人称开头，写作茄核蚂文时候开头也缺乏变化。所以平时在超精读时仔细研究文章氏举中的句子是如何开头是很有必要的。

例3：He got off the plane. Reporters surrounded him. 这两个句子没有语法问题，但放在一起就显得缺乏连贯性。如果改成He got off the plane and was surrounded by reporters 或者He got off the plane. And he was surrounded by reporters 就可以了。所以平时要多研究英文句子是如颤埋何衔接的。

例4：2002年6月六级阅读第二篇
(29) Our obsession (迷恋) with thinness is also fueled by health concerns. ……
以上是某一段第一句话，请注意also衔接两段的作用。
29. The author criticizes women's obsession with thinness __________.
[定位与替换] 本题询问作者是如何批评妇女对瘦的着迷的。由关键词obsession with thinness定位到第五段第一句。但该句只给出了部分答案。注意also这个词，表明人们对瘦的迷恋还有原因，应该在上面一段。 第四段说瘦现在被认为是新的优点的标志。带来的结果是肥胖被认为是不好的，因为肥胖意味着缺乏精神力量。整个社会以瘦为美，作者对人们迷恋瘦是因为社会风气使然，这是从社会的角度。 第五段第一句的话说，我们对瘦的迷恋部分原因是我们对健康的关注另外，从文中可以看出作者是从医学的观点来说明疾病不一定是和体重有关，太迷恋瘦也有可能造成对健康的损害。所以本题应该选B) from sociological and medical points of view从社会学和医学的角度。解答本题需要整合两段内容，并具有概括能力。

例5：2001年6月四级第四篇
We can see how the proct life cycle works by looking at the introction of instant coffee. When it was introced, most people did not like it as well as “regular” coffee and it took several years to gain general acceptance (introction stage). At one point, though, Instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity and many brands were introced (stage of rapid growth). After a while people became attached to one brand and sales leveled off (stage of maturity). Sales went into a slight decline（衰退）when freeze-dried coffees were introced (stage of decline).

第一段中有三个句型可以在图表作文中应用：
1. instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity.
我们可以这样模仿：the mobile phone has grown rapidly in popularity.
2. sales leveled off.
或者也可以这样说:sales remained constant / steady / stable / much the same
3. sales went into a slight decline.
或者也可以这样说: sales declined slightly / 如果下降幅度大可以说sales declined dramatically / substantially / sharply / greatly / hugely.

第四步：总结文章主要讨论对象、关键词，作者、专家的观点以及语篇及段落发展模式。对考试类文章而言，还要总结文章的考点、题目的定位、答案的替换、正确和干扰项的规律、特征。
例1：请大家参考我对2005年1月六级阅读第三篇的解析：
Passage Three
(31) Throughout the nation's more than 15,000 school districts, widely differing approaches to teaching science and math have emerged. Though there can be strength in diversity, a new international analysis suggests that this variability has instead contributed to lackluster (平淡的) achievement scores by U.S. children relative to their peers in other developed countries.（注意本段的differing / diversity / variability几个同义替换，表明本段强调了美国各个地区的科学和数学教育差异很大〈多样性，多元化〉的事实。文章第二句，作者话锋一转，尽管多元化有好处，但有分析表明这导致了美国的孩子与其它发达国家的同龄人相比，学习成绩比较平淡。这一句提出了美国教育存在的问题，预测后文可能会作详细阐述或提出解决问题的办法，注意这都是可能的考点。平时复习时一定要培养自己归纳、预测原文的能力！）

31. According to the passage, the teaching of science and math in America is _______.
[定位与替换] 本题问美国的科学和数学教学的状况。根据关键词teaching of science and math定位到原文第一段。选B) characterized by its diversity以多样性为特点。解题的重点在准确判断第一段所强调的内容。
[干扰项分析] A) focused on tapping students' potential集中开发学生的潜力，文中无信息支持；C) losing its vitality graally逐步失去活力，D) going downhill in recent years最近几年走下坡路，文章虽指出了美国的教育体系有缺陷，但并未说其失去活力或走下坡路，故不应选C、D。

Indeed, concludes William H. Schmidt of Michigan State University, who led the new analysis, "no single intellectually coherent vision dominates U.S. ecational practice in math or science.'' The reason, he said, "is because the system is deeply and fundamentally flawed." （Indeed, 在这里是加强语气，“确实”的意思，经常在文章中引出作者或者专家的重要观点。专家Schmidt的结论：美国数学和科学的教育实践缺乏连贯一致的知识观念，原因是这个体系有深刻和根本的缺陷。到底是什么缺陷呢？这里专家只是作了抽象的概括，下文中可能会详细阐述。注意coherent和第一段diversity是反义词。）

The new analysis, released this week by the National Science Foundation in Arlington, Va., is based on data collected from about 50 nations as part of the Third International Mathematics and Science Study.（本段不是很重要，主要讲这个分析是基于50个国家的数据。）

Not only do approaches to teaching science and math vary among indivial U.S. communities, the report finds (= the new analysis), but there appears to be little strategic focus within a school district’s curricula, its textbooks, or its teachers' activities.（Not only … , but …倒装强调句，语意重心在but后面的内容：美国的各个学区在课程等方面缺乏战略重点。the report finds是插入语）(32) This contrasts sharply with the coordinated national programs of most other countries.（这与大部分其它国家的协调的国家计划形成鲜明对比，是作者的结论句。This指代上面一句的意思，也即美国人的做法。这里也是一个重要的对比考点。）

32. The fundamental flaw of American school ecation is that ________.
[定位与替换]本题是问美国学校教育的根本缺陷是什么。根据关键词fundamental flaw可定位到原文第二段，但答案并不在其中（而是在第四段）。根据对文章的分析，应该选A) it lacks a coordinated national program美国学校教育缺乏一个协调一致的全国性计划。答案是从第四段This contrasts sharply with the coordinated national programs of most other countries. 推得的。本题解题的关键是跨段整合内容。
[干扰项分析] B) it sets a very low academic standard for students它对学生设定了非常低的学术标准，文中无内容支持（只是说美国学生学的多而不精）；C) it relies heavily on the initiative of indivial teachers它非常依赖各个教师的主动性，文中无信息支持；D) it attaches too much importance to intensive study of school subjects 它太重视学校课程的深入学习，与文章内容相反，如果选项是attach too much importance to extensive, but not intensive, study of school subjects 才符合原文。

(33) On average, U.S. students study more topics within science and math than their international counterparts do. This creates an ecational environment that "is a mile wide and an inch deep," Schmidt notes. （出现比较级时应高度关注。第二句This指代第一句陈述的事实：平均说来，与国际同龄人相比，美国学生在科学与数学方面要学习更多的科目。A mile wide and an inch deep属于形象用法、比喻考点。）

For instance, eighth graders in the United States cover about 33 topics in math versus just 19 in Japan. Among science courses, the international gap is even wider.（作者接着举例说明美国的教育环境是a mile wide and an inch deep。）U.S. curricula for this age level resemble those of a small group of countries including Australia, Thailand, Iceland, and Bulgaria. Schmidt asks whether the United States wants to be classed with these nations, whose ecational systems "share our pattern of splintered (支离破碎的) visions" but which are not economic leaders.

33. By saying that the U.S. ecational environment is "a mile wide and an inch deep" (Line 2, Para. 5), the author means U.S. ecational practice ________.
[定位与替换] 本题问作者对美国教育实践的看法。根据上面两段This指代的事实以及For instance后对a mile wide and an inch deep的进一步解释可以看出，美国教育注重所开科目的广度而不重视深度，所以选D) scratches the surface of a wide range of topics只触及了许多科目的表面。另外，ecation environment = ecational practice。解题的关键是要跨段整合内容，并准确地识别指代和例证的含义。
[干扰项分析] A) lays stress on quality at the expense of quantity牺牲数量来强调质量，和文中内容相反；B) offers an environment for comprehensive ecation为全面综合教育提供了环境，文中只提到科学和数学教育，并未出现全面综合教育的概念；C) encourages learning both in depth and in scope鼓励既深入又广泛地学习，这只是美国教育改革的方向，与原文内容不一致。

The new report "couldn't come at a better time," says Gerald Wheeler, executive director of the National Science Teachers Association in Arlington.（本句是某个专家对the new report所作的评价。文章中出现概括性评价之后一般都会作进一步的解释说明、原因分析等，这是命题者较喜欢的考点。）（34）"The new National Science Ecation Standards provide that focused vision," including the call "to do less, but in greater depth." （The new National Ecation Standards和The new report属于同义概念。）

34. The new National Science Ecation Standards are good news in that they will ________.
[定位与替换]本题问新的全国科学教育标准是个好消息的原因。根据关键词The new National Ecation Standards和good news, 定位到第七段，本题所问的原因在第二句，注意but引起的强调，故选A) provide depth to school science ecation使学校的科学教育具有深度。解题的关键在于识别句子之间的关系。
[干扰项分析] B) solve most of the problems in school teaching解决学校教学的大部分问题，歪曲并夸张了文章原意；C) be able to meet the demands of the community能够满足社区需求，文中未提及，因为新的全国科学标准是为了弥补教育体制的缺陷而制定的；D) quickly dominate U.S. ecational practice迅速在美国的教育实践中处于支配地位，文中也未提及，而是指出了实现这个新标准将面临挑战。

B. 2019年大学英语四级考试阅读模拟试题及答案解析

考友们都准备好考试了吗?本文“2019年大学尘李毕英语四派芹级考试阅读模拟试题及答案解析”，跟着我一起来了解一下吧。要相信只要自己有足够的实力，无论考什么都不会害怕!

2019年大学英语四级考试阅读模拟试题：女人的地位

It is not often realized that women held a high place in southern European societies in the 10th and 11th centuries. As a wife, the woman was protected by the setting up of a dowry (彩礼). Admittedly, the purposeof this was to protect her against the risk of desertion, but in reality its function in the social and family life of the time was much more important. The dowry was the wife’s right to receive a tenth of all her husband’扰卜s property. The wife had the right to with hold consent, in all transactions the husband wouldmake, and more than just a right; the documents show that she enjoyed a real power of decision, equal to that of her husband. In no case do the documents indicate any degree of difference in the legal status of husband and wife.

The wife shared in the management of her husband’s personal property, but the opposite was not always true. Women seemed perfectly prepared to defend their own inheritance against husbands who tried to exceed their rights, and on occasion they showed a fine fighting spirit. A case in point is that of Maria Vivas. Having agreed with her husband Miro to sell a field she had inherited, for the needs of the household, she insisted on compensation. None being offered, she succeeded in dragging her husband to the scribe(法学家) to have a contract ly drawn up assigning her a piece of land from Miro’s personal inheritance. The unfortunate husband was obliged to agree, as the contract says, “for the sake of peace.” Either through the dowry or through being hot-tempered, the wife knew how to win herself, with the context of the family, a powerful economic position.ric illnesses including depression often do not manifest themselves until the late teens or early 20s.

练习题：

Choose correct answers to the question:

1. A decimum was ________.

A. the wife's inheritance from her father

B. a gift of money to the new husband

C.a protection of the wife’s right

D. a written contract

2. In the 10th and11th centuries in southern European, women’s social position was ______.

A. higher than men’s

B. as high as men’s

C. lower than men’s

D.never recognized

3.The purpose of mentioning the case of Maria Vivas_____

A.to show women had the same rights as,if not more than,their husband

B.to prove hot-tempered woman held a powerful economic position

C.to tell the readers the real situations in some countries

D.to show the fight spirits of woman

4.Could a husband sell his wife's inheritance?

A. Yes, if she agreed.

B. No, under no circumstances.

C. Yes, whenever he wished to.

D, Yes, if his father-in-law agreed.

5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an effect of the dowry system?

A. The husband had to share the power of decision in marriage.

B. The wife could manage her husband’s personal property.

C. The wife gained a powerful economic position.

D. The wife would not be deserted by her husband.

参考答案及解析

1.[C] 词义推断题。第1段第2句指出了 decimum的作用，即与“彩礼”相当，作为保护妇女的工具。第4句以 “The decimum was...”的句式指出其定义，综合这两句，可断定选项C正确。

2.[B] 推理判断题。文章第1句就表明妇女当时的地位很高，第1段最后两句表明妇女与其丈夫的地位并无不同，是平等的，因此可以推断本题答案应为B。

3.[A] 推理判断题。本题考查例子与观点的关系。该例子是为了证明其前面，即第2段开头两句的观点,选项A是对这两句话的总结。

4.[A]推理判断题。本题考査从例子的推断。根据Maria Vivas的例子可确定答案，而且从第2段第4句中的Having agreed with her husband可推断售卖妻子继承的财产必须先征得妻子的同意，因此选项A正确。

5.[D] 事实细节题。可用排除法找出答案。第1段倒数第2句可证明选项A正确，第2段首句可证明选项B正确，第2段末句可表明选项C正确，只有选项D太绝对。

2019年大学英语四级考试阅读模拟试题：单词拼写

There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling .No school I have taught in has ever _____ spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are, however , vastly different ideas about how to teach it , or how much _____ it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is , how to encourage a child to express himself freely and _____ in writing with out holding him back with the complexities of spelling? If spelling become the only focal point of his teacher’s interest, clearly a __4__ child will be likely to “play safe”. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid __5__ language. That’s why teachers often __6__ the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability. I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience ：“ This work is __7__ !There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is illegible( 难以辨认的 ).” It may have been a sharp __8__ of the pupil’s technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which __9__ some beautiful expressions of the child’s deep feelings.

The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centred on the child’s ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more __10__ to seek improvement.

A)priority B)criticism C)contained D)clearly

E)adventurous F ) discourage G)motivation H)terrible

I)ignored J)difficult K)encourage L)expressed

M)confidently N)bright O)motive L)expressed

答案及解析:

1. 选 I )。 由该句中的 has 可知，此处应填动词过去式，且表达的含义应和后面的 consider…unimportant 相近，故应排除 contained 和 expressed

而选择 ignored 。

2. 选 A )。 此处应填名词，但能与后面 over 构成固定搭配的名词只有 priority ，故排除 了 criticism 和 motivation 。

3. 选 M). 由空格前面的 and 可知，此处应填副词和 freely 并列。从句意来理解，在没有拼写困难的情况下，怎样鼓励学生自由且 …… 地表达自己，选项中只有 confidently “自信地“符合题意。

4. 选 N )。 很明显这里应填形容词，选项中 terrible ， difficult 后接事物名词 something ，只有 adventurous 和 bright 可用来形容 somebody ( child )，再由后面的play safe“不冒险”，可排除adventurous而选择bright。

5. 选 E )。 由前一句中的 be likely to “ play safe ”和空格前的 avoid 可以推知，此处所填词的意思应与play safe表达的意思相反，故选项中只有adventurous符合题意。

6. 选 K )。 很明显此处应填动词的一般现在时，可选项有 encourage 和 persuade 。由 That’s why 知本句与前一句构成因果关系，而前一句说的是学生往往会用他们拼写范围内的词写文章，从而选择避免用那些不会的词，故由此可推知此句应理解为老师鼓励学生用字典，因此排除 persuade 而选 encourage。

7. 选 H )。 此处应填形容词。由空格后面的 too many spelling errors 和illegible可知，这篇文章是写的很糟，而不是很难理解。故排除difficult而选terrible。

8. 选 B )。 此处应填名词。由后半句中 a sad reflection on the teacher 可知，前半句是在指责学生，故选项中只有criticism符合题意。

9. 选 C )。 此处填动词过去式，本句中由 which 引导的从句是对 essay 的解释，剩余选项中 contained 和 expressed ，根据句意，文章 …… 儿童内心感受的一些好的表达，故只有contained 符合题意。

10. 选 G )。 此处应填名词。根据句意，如果老师更注重学生思想的表达的话，会给学生更大的动力去寻求提高;故排除 motive “动机，原因”而选 motivation 。

全文翻译：

家长们普遍认为中学现在已不再关注单词的正确拼写了。但我所教过的学校从来没有忽视过拼写，或就一种基本技能来说从没有认为它不重要。然而对于怎么来教拼写或者是从提高整个语言的发展和写作能力方面来说，把拼写放在什么样优先的地位存在着许多不同的看法。所存在的问题是，在写作当中怎样鼓励孩子不要让复杂的拼写来影响他流畅地，自信地表达自己的思想。

如果字的拼写成为老师关心的惟一焦点，很明显，聪明的孩子很可能就会为“保险起见”，只写一些他会写的字，避免因冒险而出错的语言。那就是为什么老师常常鼓励学生很早就要使用字典，而且写作时重视内容而非拼写技能。

有一次我非常震惊，在一篇描写个人经历的感情细腻的文章后面读到了这些话：“这篇糟透了!单词拼写错误太多。自己很难辨认!”这对于一个学生的写作技能也许是一次尖锐的批评，但它同时也悲哀地反映出那位老师忽视了去阅读一篇包含了表达孩子内心感情的文章。老师注意到了这些问题并没有错，但是如果他把重点放在关注孩子的思想上，只表示出他对孩子的拼写错误有点失望，就会给学生更大的动力去进一步提高。

C. 大学英语四级阅读理解是什么类型的文章

科普类 如昆虫思维（1994）TOYOTA SUPRA（1995）
人文类 如马拉松（1995）绘画发专展（1998）迷信（2003）
人物类 如柏拉图（1994）迪斯属尼（2005）
社会类 如移民原因（1999）体育商业化（2002）
医学类 如饮酒与心脏病（1995）睡眠时间（1999）
经济类 如法国银行（1995）瑞士银行（2000）
自然类 如雪崩（1996）海啸（1997）
妇女类 如夫妻关系（2001）妇女与电器（2002）
教育类 如教学方法（1997）大学教育（1999）
国家类 如夏威夷自主权（1998）英国社会改变（2006）

说明文(描述文)

说明文的一般结构模式和叙述文的结构模式有相通之处，即：提出问题(或以一个事例引出问题)—— (专家)发现直接原因—— 分析深层原因——得出结论或找到出路。

知道了类似的文章结构特点，就可以据此来进行考题预测。比如，我们看出了该篇文章属于这种结构类型，就能判断出几个问题中肯定有一个要问原因，还有可能要出现推断题。

D. 英语四级阅读理解匹配题技巧介绍

英语四级阅读理解匹配题技巧介绍

转折对比处

转折句或转折关系常常是文章内容的强调之处，是作者表达观点或陈述事物的关键地方。一般而言，转折后的内容是语义的重点，它往往是作者的真实意图所在，所以命题者常对转折处的内容进行提问。考生应特别注意此处内容。转折一般通过however, but, yet, in fact等词或短语来引出。

强对比也是作者用来强调论证自己观点的一种方法，常由unlike, until, not so much…as等词或短语引出。命题者常就被对比者的属性设题。

例(四级真题)

…likewise, a married man who smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man who doesn’t smoke. There’s a flip side, however, as partners are more likely to become ill or die in the couple of years following their spouse’s death, and caring for a spouse with mental disorder can leave you with some of the same severe problems.

Q: It can be inferred from the context that the “flip side” refers to ______.

A) the consequence of a broken marriage

B) the emotional problems arising from marriage

C) the responsibility of taking care of one’s family

D) the disadvantages of being married

文章第二段首先介绍了婚姻的好处，可以帮助弥补身体不健康所产生的不利影响。第四句中使用了表示转折意义的连词however，因此推断下文将会谈论婚姻产生的不利影响。所以此处的flip side是指“婚姻导致的弊端”，故答案为D)。

举例处

作者在文章中经常引用具体的例子来使文章更有说服力，而这些例子很可能会成为考点，需加以注意。文章中常用as, such as, for example, for instance, take…as an example等引出的短语或句子作为例证。

例 (四级真题)

But privacy does matter—at least sometimes. It’s like health; when you have it, you don’t notice it. Only when it’s gone do you wish you’d done more to protect it.

Q: According to the passage, privacy is like health in that ______.

A) people will make every effort to keep it

B) its importance is rarely understood

C) it is something that can easily be lost

D) people don’t cherish it until they lose it

作者把隐私同健康进行比较，当人们拥有健康时，不曾注意到它，一旦失去才知其珍贵。D)中的cherish it与原文中的wish you’d done more to protect it意思一致。

数字年代处

数字年代在文章中常常会传达重要的信息，因此也经常成为考查的重点，需要说明的是四级考试与其他考试不同，一般很少就数字本身的运算、辨认或推理设题，而往往就数字引出的信息命题。因此，考生在看到数字时还要注意其前后所印证或引出的具体信息。

例(四级真题)

We need economic growth unless we condemn the world’s poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else’s living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050.

Q: Greenhouse emissions will more than double by 2050 because of ______.

A) economic growth

B) wasteful use of energy

C) the widening gap between the rich and poor

D) the rapid advances of science and technology

文中提到截至2050年，随着经济增长，能源利用及温室气体排放会加倍增长，A)中的“经济增长”与原文中的modest growth所指一致，符合题意。

因果关系处

两个事件内在的因果关系常常成为出题人的命题点，一般来讲，这种选择题有两种形式,给出原因推断结果，或给出结果推断原因。

例(四级真题)

In the past few years, prominent schools around the world have joined the trend. In 2003, when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen “a major strengthening of Yale’s financial position.”

Q: Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard as its vice-chancellor chiefly because ______.

A) she was known to be good at raising money

B) she could help strengthen its ties with Yale

C) she knew how to attract students overseas

D) she had boosted Yale’s academic status

剑桥大学公开强调Alison Richard在以前的工作中负责监督财务，“是耶鲁大学财政状况提升的主要力量”，基于这个才能，剑桥大学聘请她担任常务副校长一职。A)she was known to be good at raising money表达的与此句相同，故为答案。

主题句处

文章第一段的段首、段尾或最后一段的段尾处往往是整篇文章的主题所在;每一段的段首或段尾句通常是该段的主题句，因此命题者常常围绕此处出题。

在四级考试中，文章或段落的主旨常以主题句的形式出现。主题句的特点是：语义完整、形式简洁、观点明确。在演绎类的文章中，语篇主题句一般位于篇章的开头部分;在归纳类文章中，主题句多出现在段末或篇末;不过主题句有时也出现在文章中间部分。找到了主题句，就等于找到了此类题的答案。

例 (四级真题)

“The biggest problem is that couples assume each other knows what’s going on with their finances, but they don’t. There seems to be more of a taboo (禁忌) about talking about money than talking about death. But you both need to know what you’re doing, who’s paying what into the joint account and how much you keep separately. In a healthy relationship, you don’t have to agree about money, but you have to talk about it.”

Q: The author suggests at the end of the passage that couples should ______.

A) discuss money matters to maintain a healthy relationship

B) put their money together instead of keeping it separately

C) make efforts to reach agreement on their family budgets

D) avoid arguing about money matters to remain romantic

文章最后一句提到，要想维持一段健康的婚姻关系，双方的金钱观不一定要一致，但一定要彼此沟通。A) “夫妻双方应该讨论钱的问题以维持健康的婚姻关系”是对原文的同义转述，故为答案。

定义结论处

很多文章中会出现考生不熟悉的概念，作者往往会对这些概念给出相应的.定义，这些定义很容易成为考查的内容。很多文章都涉及一些调查或实验，而这些调查、实验的结果、结论又常常成为考点，因此考生一定要注意find, show, reveal, conclude等动词引出的宾语从句以及thus等表示结论的词语。

例(四级真题)

Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable, but traces of both elements are also present as heavier isotopes. The heaviest rain falls first. As a result, storms that form over the Pacific deliver heavier water to California than to Utah.

Q: What is said about the rainfall in America’s West?

A) There is much more rainfall in California than in Utah.

B) The water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland.

C) Its chemical composition is less stable than in other areas.

D) It gathers more light isotopes as it moves eastward.

在太平洋上形成的风暴给加利福尼亚州带来的雨水要比带给犹他州的更多。 B) The water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland (雨水由沿海进入内陆地区时会变小)，加州属沿海地区，犹他是内陆地区，因此，该选项是对原文的概括，故为答案。

列举并列处

列举并列处是指用First(ly)… Second(ly)… Third(ly)… Finally…; Not only…but also…; In addition; Furthermore; Moreover; Above all; On the one hand…, on the other hand…等表示顺承关系或递进关系的词语列举出的事实。列举并列处是设置事实细节题的主要出处，若为正面出题，则与原文内容相同的选项为正确答案;若题干为反面设题，则与原文意思相反的选项为此题的正确答案。

例(四级真题)

Being sociable looks like a good way to add years to your life. Relationships with family, friends, neighbours, even pets, will all do the trick, but the biggest longevity (长寿) boost seems to come from marriage or an equivalent relationship. The effect was first noted in 1858 by William Farr, who wrote that widows and widowers (鳏夫) were at a much higher risk of dying than their married peers. Studies since then suggest that marriage could add as much as seven years to a man’s life and two to a woman’s. The effect holds for all causes of death, whether illness, accident or self-harm.

Q: William Farr’s study and other studies show that ______.

A) social life provides an effective cure for illness

B) marriage contributes a great deal to longevity

C) women benefit more than men from marriage

D) being sociable helps improve one’s quality of life

本文论述社交生活对人寿命的影响，开头列举了可能导致长寿的因素：善于与他人交际以及与家人、朋友、邻居甚至宠物保持良好关系。但马上转折后提到能够导致长寿的最主要的因素似乎在于婚姻或者是类似的关系。然后，提到这一结果最早由威廉·法尔于1858年记录。B) 中的contributes…to是对第二句中的boost的同义转述，故为答案。

比较级/最高级处

在文章中经常会对不同的对象进行某方面的比较，而这些比较经常成为考查的目标，尤其是在文章中的最高级出现之处。

例(四级真题)

“Retailers who’re responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren’t so friendly,” said Professor Stephen Hoch. “Maybe something as simple as a greet at the store entrance would help.”

Q: What contributes most to smoothing over issues with customers?

A) Manners of the salespeople.

B) Hiring of efficient employees.

C) Huge supply of goods for sale.

D) Design of the store layout.

对顾客态度友善、反应迅速的商家更容易解决好问题，从这里可以看出态度友善和反应迅速都属于销售人员的举止问题。A) “销售人员的举止”最符合题意，故为答案。

指代处

写作、讲话时为了简洁、明晰地表达事物及其逻辑关系，常用各种代词通过指代进行信息传递，当同时出现好几个事物时，这种指代关系往往不容易区分，故常成为命题点。

例(四级真题)

At Penn, students are not asked to indicate race when applying for housing. “One of the great things about freshman housing is that, with some exceptions, the process throws you together randomly,” said Undergraate Assembly chairman Alec Webley. “This is the definition of integration.”

Q: What does Alec Webley consider to be the “definition of integration”?

A) Students of different races are required to share a room.

B) Interracial lodging is arranged by the school for freshmen.

C) Lodging is assigned to students of different races without exception.

D) The school randomly assigns roommates without regard to race.

原文倒数第四段最后一句提到，“This is the definition of integration.”而This指代的具体内容出现在前一句中，即with some exceptions, the process throws you together randomly(除特殊情况外，宿舍的安排一般是随机的)。因此，所谓“融合的定义”实际上是指“随机安排学生住宿”，故答案为D)。

特殊标点处

特殊标点符号处，尤其是段首的特殊符号所引出的内容往往表达了作者的观点，阐述了全文的主题，因此也成为主旨大意题的高发命题点。

此处所说的特殊标点符号包括：

(1) 破折号(表解释);

(2) 括号 (表解释);

(3) 冒号 (表解释);

(4) 引号 (表引用或有其他特殊含义);

(5) 分号 (表进一步的解释说明) 等。

在主题段落或主题句中，特殊标点符号所引出的内容往往是出题点，因此在解答这类题时，一定要特别注意对特殊标点所引出内容的把握。

例(四级真题)

Many African-American blogs have written about what they’d like to see Michelle bring to the White House—mainly showing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family.

Q: What do many African-Americans write about in their blogs?

A) Whether Michelle can live up to the high expectations of her fans.

B) How Michelle should behave as a public figure.

C) How proud they are to have a black woman in the White House.

D) What Michelle should do as wife and mother in the White House.

第五段第二句使用了破折号，表达了美国黑人希望看到米歇尔可以向这个世界展示一个黑人妇女既可以支持她的丈夫，也可以支撑起一个强大的家庭的形象。D) “作为妻子和母亲，米歇尔在白宫应该做什么”与原文意思相符，故D) 正确。

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E. 英语四级考试的内容有哪些

2016年英语四级考复试题型制包括四大部分：作文、听力、阅读理解、翻译。

大学英语四级的试卷结构、测试内容、测试题型、分值比例和考试时长如下表所示：

大学英语四级考试，即CET-4，College English Test Band 4的缩写，是由国家教育部高等教育司主持的全国性教学考试。考试的主要对象是根据教育大纲修完大学英语四级的在校大学本科生或研究生。大学英语四、六级标准化考试自1986年末开始筹备，1987年正式实施。

英语四级考试目的是推动大学英语教学大纲的贯彻执行，对大学生的英语能力进行客观、准确的测量，为提高我国大学英语课程的教学质量服务。国家教育部委托“全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会”（1993年前名为“大学英语四、六级标准化考试设计组”）负责设计、组织、管理与实施大学英语四、六级考试。