英语阅读总结全文大意

❶ 高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧

高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧

导语：高考复习的重点一是要掌握所有的知识点，二就是要大量的做题，以下是我为大家精心整理的高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧，欢迎大家参考！

阅读理解之主旨大意题

我们阅读一篇文章， 首先是要了解其大意， 明确其主旨。因此， 主旨大意题是常考题。主旨大意题包括：主要内容(main idea, mainly about)型、文章标题(title)型、写作目的(purpose)型。广东高考近几年来考查过的题目中mainly about只考过4题，title题考了5题， purpose题考了5题。

解题技巧

1.弄清文章的大意， 关键是找到主题句。

主题句的位置：主题句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼应， 有时也在文中，或没有主题句，需根据文章所述内容进行归纳。各段的主题句也常在该段的首句或尾句。议论文和说明文一般有主题句，但记叙文通常没有主题句，需要归纳。

2.找主题句的方法：用浏览法(skimming)，即

快速阅读文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主题线索和主题信息。找主题句的四个小窍门：

(1)段落中出现表转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, actually等)时， 该句很可能是主题句。

(2)首段出现疑问句时， 对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。

(3)作者有意识地反复重复的观点，通常是主旨;反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。

(4)表示总结或结论的话常有therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等。

3.关于干扰项和正确答案。

(1)干扰项可能属文中某个具体事实或细节;可能属文中某些 (不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论;可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。

(2)正确答案：是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的;但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。

4.在阅读理解中，主旨大意题常有以下几种命题方式： (1)Main idea型：选择项多为陈述句，要求考生选择表达作者思想或观点的.句子。题干多为如下形式：

①What's the main idea/point of the passage?

②The passage is mainly about________.

③The passage is mainly concerned about________.

④Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?

⑤Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea/theme of the passage?

⑥In this passage the author discusses primarily______.

⑦The subject discussed in this text is________.

⑧The general/main idea of the passage is about________.

(2)Main purpose型：选择项多为动宾结构，要求考生找到主要的写作目的，常见以下几种题干形式：

①What's the purpose of the passage?

②The passage is meant to________.

③The purpose of the article is to________.

④In this passage the writer tries to tell us that________.

⑤The passage tells us that________.

⑥The author's main purpose in writing the passage is to ...

(3)标题型：选择文章标题是另一类对主旨大意题考查的形式，命题形式：

①The best title of the passage is________.

②Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

③The best title for the passage is________.

④The most appropriate title of the passage is________.

In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animal. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy.

典型例析

From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people...Often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness...But only when we stop

pretending we're brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness that's in them.

30.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A.A Wheelchair Experience.

B.Weakness and Kindness.

C.Weakness and Strength.

D.A Driving Experience

解析：主旨大意题。在第一段中，出现了表转折的But...可知，“But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people”便是主题句，再根据第二段最后一句可以确定，这句的确是主题句。又因标题要简明、醒目，故选B。

答案：B

In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources (资源), the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. Actually, the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持续的)ways. That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable

procts.In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.

Today, sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries....In recent years the markets for sustainable procts have grown by more than 50%.

45.What is the main purpose of the passage?

A.To introce a new business model.

B.To compare two business models.

C.To predict a change of the global market.

D.To advocate sustainable development.

解析：主旨大意题。在第一段中，出现了转折的Actually，其后的“People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed，and that we must be able to develop in sustainable(可持续的)ways”是主题句，随后的两句话都是对这一句进

行解释;句中两个must清楚表明了作者“提倡可持续发展”，第二段首句“Today，sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries”进一步说明，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是“提倡可持续发展”。故选D。

答案：D

Although the use of the expression is an insincere, meaningless social custom at times, there is nothing wrong with the sentence except that it is little uninteresting. The salesgirl, the waitress, the teacher, and all the countless others who speak it without thinking may not really care about my day. But in a strange and comfortable way, it's nice to know they care enough to pretend they care when they really don't care all that much. While the expression may not often

be sincere, it is always spoken. The point is that people say it all the time when they like.

30.What is the best title of the passage?

A.Have a Nice Day — a Social Custom

B.Have a Nice Day — a Pleasant Gesture

C.Have a Nice Day — a Heartwarming Greeting

D.Have a Nice Day — a Polite Ending of a Conversation

解析：主旨大意题。由该段的第一句(特别是custom一词)可知。

答案：A

(2013年高考)Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear.Children know this very well. Fred Epstein，in his book If I Make It to Five，tells a story he heard from one of friends about Tom，a fouryearold boy with a cancer in his back bone.He came through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imagination

…

It doesn't mean that you should dress as a superhero for you next job interview. But，next time you are tested in a way that seems impossible, imagine what it would take to overcome it. Become the person you need to become to win over your challenge and do it in your mind first. So，let your imagination run wild，and dare to dream.

30.What is the purpose of the passage?

A.To tell us an interesting story.

B.To help us make right decisions.

C.To advise us to care about children.

D.To encourage us to use our imagination.

解析：主旨大意题。由文章首句Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear和全文末句So, let your imagination run wild, and dare to dream可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励我们运用我们的想象力。

答案：D

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❷ 英语阅读理解技巧主旨

英语阅读理解技巧主旨

主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。下面我给大家整理有关英语阅读理解主旨大意题的解题技巧，欢迎大家阅读学习!

【主旨大意题解题技巧】

主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。

常见的设题方式有:

1 标题类常见的标题型题干

1)The best title/ headline for this passage might be_____________.

2)The text (passage) could be entitled ______________.

3)What is the best title for the passage?

4)Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage?

2 大意类常见的主题型题干

5) This passage chiefly deals with____________.

6) What‘s the topic of the article?

7) What is the subject discussed in the text?

8) With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned?

3 目的主旨大意题

The author‘s main purpose in writing the passage is______. The passage is meant to _____ The purpose of this article is _______

这类题通常围绕一个中心思想展开。不少文章一开头便展示出文章的中心思想。第一段常常是内容的梗概，同时又表达了中心思想，但是不少文章的中心思想贯穿全文，并没有用一句话明确表达出来。这就要求学生学会归纳概括。每个段落往往也由一个主题句或几个陈述句构成，它们在句中的位置不同，有时在开头,首先点明本段大意; 有时在结尾, 总结本段大意。

做这类题，首先要找出文章的主题句。找出文章的主题句，也就明确了文章要讲什么，再通过速读全文，就可以把握文章的中心思想了。另外在许多文段中，没有可以概括全段意义的主题句，必须根据文章中所提供的事实细节，进行全面分析，然后归纳成一般概念。但必须注意，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。

A.主题句呈现的形式

1?文首开门见山, 提出主题, 随之用细节来解释, 支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想. 最常见的演绎法写作方式. 例1.The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops.

例2.Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious. The world population is rising, so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, human life on earth will not survive.

2).文尾?在表述细节后, 归纳要点, 印象, 结论建议或结果, 以概括主题. 这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式

3).文中通常前面只提出问题， 文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出, 而后又作进一步的解释, 支撑或发展.

例4.Nothing is as useful as a flashlight in a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand a camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.

4).首尾呼应?为突出主题, 作者先提出主题, 结尾时再次点出主题, 这种首尾呼应的'写作方式较为多见. 但前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复, 后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。

例5.?首段?Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes, “ It was seeing people with snakes bites that led me to the career.“she said„

?尾段?“The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes.‖Shu said.

5).无主题句?即主题句隐含在全文中, 没有明确的主题句. 必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节?进行全面考虑?综合分析?然后找出共同的东西?归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是?既不能以偏概全?也不能在概括时过于宽泛?要恰如其分。

例6.Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.

Q: What is the main idea of the passage? ????

A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer. B. Bingham is a diligent student.

C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent ecation. D. A good lawyer needs good ecation.

[分析]此文没有主题句。全篇共四句?只陈述了四个细节(detail)性的事实。因此就答案本身看?个个都对。读者只能将所有的details综合起来?进行逻辑推理?才能构成一个没有言明的主题思想(unstated main idea)。由于文中主要涉及了Joshua Bingham接受教育的情况?即作者想告诉我们的是?Joshua Bingham接受过良好的教育?所以答案是 ?

除了以上主题句呈现的常见形式外还要注意标志词 文章或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标志性的提示后。如?on the whole, as a result, in short, therefore, thus„..I agree with the opinion that„.;Given all these points above, I would support the idea that„.; For all the reasons mentioned above, I would prefer„.

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❸ 如何快速总结考研英语阅读理解的段落大意

建议今年考研那复习考研英仍然要反复研读真题，做完不是关键，关键是分析内。以阅读真题为例，首先容要不断精读，做到看到一句话能立刻正确反映出句子结构和句子成分，没有生单词。建议识记阅读中的生词，尤其是动词和形容词。其次，分析并翻译阅读中出现的长难句。再次，要分析文章及段落大意。最后，要分析文章后面的每个题目及各选项，弄明白各选项正确与否的依据。

❹ 英语阅读题主旨大意题解题技巧

英语阅读题主旨大意题解题技巧

由于大纲要求读懂议论文和说明文，而真正的考研当中大概95%都是议论文，而考议论文的话，最重要的就是考议论文最具有标志性的东西，也就是说议论文主要考的就是论点和论据，那论点表现在题目上最有标志性的就是主旨大意题。很多同学反应文章的主旨比较难抓，那我从文章的结构入手，旨在给学生梳理清楚!

【英语阅读题主旨大意题解题技巧】

(一)主旨大意题的命题规律

1.从考查的对象上划分，主旨大意题可分为两种：

(1)篇章主旨：针对全文的主题进行提问。主题句出现在首段的居多，其次是末段或为几段主题的综合。

(2)段落主旨：针对某一段或几段的主题提问。主题句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能不在此(几)句，需要从上下文中寻找或总结。

2.从考查的内容上划分，还可分为主题类(内容)(考查文章或段落的主旨大意)、目的类(考查文章或段落的写作目的)和标题类(要求考生选出文章的最佳标题)三种。

主旨大意题经常用main idea, main point, key point, maintopic, mainly discuss, mainly explain, is mainly about; purpose; best title等词语来表达。

(二)主旨大意题的常考点

1.段首、段尾句常考：段首、段尾句一般表达了文章的.中心思想，或者就是该段的主题句，对全文或全段起着提纲挈领的作用。

2.语义转折处常考：尤其是段首的语义转折，其后面往往是作者真实的写作目的或基本观点，即文章的中心思想所在。

3.因果句常考：因果句通常可以表现出作者的意图、观点甚至全文的主题，因此成为考点。

(三)主旨大意题的7招技巧

一篇文章的主旨往往会在文章的第一段或开头部分找到。作者会通过“首段提问法”、“转移重心法”、“独句段开头”、“类比开头”、“事例开头法”等约定俗称的方式暗示或引入主题。因此，解答主旨题时，大家要首先重点研读文章第一段和第二段的段首句。

1. 首段提问法

如果文章第一段的第一句话、最后一句话或者第二段第一句是一个疑问句，那么本文的主旨就很可能是对该问题的一个解答。在这里同学一定要注意的一点就是并列问句不是主旨。

2. 喜新厌旧类

如果文章第一段先描述一件事情，然后在本段或第二段首句出现转折词，进而表述另一件事情，那么本文主旨就是转折词之后的另一件事。这类题目多会考的一种题型是写作意图题。

3. 事例开头类

如果文章开头引用、叙述个人经历、讲述故事、描写一起事故等方式举例。其目的显然是要通过举例的方法引出文章主题。通常情况下，这类文章的主题都会在首段末句或第二段的首句。

4. 类比开头法

如果一篇文章开头或第一段涉及一项内容A，随后或者第二段开头用到“Now the same thing is happening to B”等表示类比的句型，那么，这时可以确定本文主旨是B内容。

5. 独句段法

如果一篇文章的第一段是一句话，那么本文的主旨就是本句话所表达的内容。

6. 大众观点法

如果作者在文章的开头引用大众的或他人的观点，其目的显然是要通过大众或他人引出自己的观点。通常情况下，这类文章的主题会在表述大众观点或他人观点的句子之后。

7. 各段分述法

有些文章的第一段可能并没有采用上述方法来引入主题，这时可以考虑本篇文章是否采用了“各段分述，围绕主题”的方法。

总而言之，主旨类题在考研英语阅读理解中占据着相当重要的位置，能否正确理解文章主旨，对于作对阅读题具有绝对的指导性意义。而且，尤为关键的是，掌握了文章的主旨，对于其他题目的选择有着相当强的指导作用。

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❺ 高中英语阅读全文翻译

你好

Napoleon, as a character in Tolstoy’s War and Peace, is more than once described as having “fat little hands.”
拿破仑，这一托尔斯泰笔下著作《战争与和平》中的角色，不只是像曾经描述过的那样“有一双肥肥的小手”
附：character character ['kæriktə]
n. 个性, 品质; 字符; 人物; 名誉; 地位
adj. [剧](角色)代表某一特性的
这里做“角色”之意

Nor does he “sit well of firmly on the horse.”
他也不是“在马背上牢固地坐好。”
附：firmly adv. 坚固地; 坚定地; 稳固地; 坚决

He is said to be “undersized,” with “short legs” and a “round stomach”.
据说他“身材矮小”，有一双“短腿”和一个“圆圆的肚子”。
附：undersized adj. 较一般为小的, 不够大的；尺寸不足的
round adj. 圆的, 圆形的; 丰满的, 圆胖的; 球形的; 巨大的

The issue here is not the accuracy of Tolstoy’s description ---- it seems not that far off from historical accounts ---- but his choice of facts: other things that could be said of the mane are not said.
这篇文章在这里并非是对托尔斯泰描述的纠正（意译）--它（应指托老的《战争与和平》）看起来和历史纪录相差并不遥远--但他（托老）对于事实的选择：其他的事情（如）关于鬃毛的本可以提及则没有被提及。<你确定不是Mane，若这样则可能是个人名>
附：accuracy n. 正确; 准确; 精确性
far off (时间、地点等)遥远的
mane n. （马的）鬃毛

We are meant to understand the difference of a warring commander in the body of a fat little Frenchman.
我们在这里（即指这篇文章）应该了解在这个矮胖的法国人身体中的那个交战司令的不同之处。
附：be meant to do 应做； 照道理（照规矩）应该；为了
例句：You are not meant to do that .
你不该做那个。
What he meant to do with it, and whether he were mad?
他到底打算怎么办,是不是疯了?
warring adj. 敌对的; 交战的

Tolstoy’s Napoleon could be any man wandering in the streets and putting a little of powdered tobacco up his nose ---- and that is the point.
今天的拿破仑可以是任何一个在街上闲逛并（点燃烟斗里的）一小撮烟草粉抽起来的人（意译）--而那就是关键所在。
附：wander v. 漫步, 迷路, 徘徊; 漫游
powdered tobacco 烟草粉

It is a way the novelist uses to show the moral nature of a character.
这是小说家用来展示书中角色之道德品质的一种方法。
附：novelist n. 小说家
moral nature 理性, 道德品质

And it turns out that, as Tolstoy has it, Napoleon is a crazy man.
而结果证明，正如托老所述，拿破仑是个疯子。
附：turn out vt. 翻转, 生产, 关闭, 出动, 证明是
例句:
A vast crowd turned out to watch the match.
大群的观众到场观看比赛。
If the day turns out wet we may have to change our plans.
万一下雨的话，我们也许得改变计划。
The party turned out to be very successful.
晚会结果开得很成功。

In a scene in Book Three of War and Peace, the wars having reached the critical year of 1812, Napoleon receives a representative from the Tsar(沙皇), who has come with peace terms.
在《战争与和平》第三本书的一个场景中，战争已经进行到了至关重要的1812年，拿破仑接待了一位来自沙皇带着和平条件的代表。
附：scene n. 一场; 场面; 一个镜头; 事件
critical adj. 批评的, 危险的, 决定性的; 临界的
receive v. 收到, 接到; 接待, 欢迎; 得到, 遭受, 受到; 接受, 接纳; 收到; 接收; 得到; 会客, 接待
representative n. 代表, 典型, 众议员
peace terms 和平条件

Napoleon is very angry: doesn’t he have more army? He, not the Tsar, is the one to make the terms.
拿破仑非常愤怒：（但）他（拿破仑）还有更多的军队吗？他，而不是沙皇，才更应该做出和平谈判（小意译）

He will destroy all of Europe if this army is stopped.
如果这支军队停止了那他会摧毁整个欧洲。
“That is what you will have gained by engaging me in the war!” he shouts.
“那将是你通过把我卷入战争所得到的！”他（拿破仑）怒吼到。
附：gain v. 得到; 使得到; 获得, 赢得; 增加, 增添; 获利, 赚钱; 取得进展; 得益; 得到改善
engage v. 使忙碌; 预定; 雇佣; 答应; 交战; 从事
shout v. 高呼; 嚷着说出; 大声说出; 叫喊得使...; 呼喊, 喊叫; 大声说; 叫嚷; 大声叫

And then, Tolstoy writes, Napoleon “walked silently several times up and down the room, his fat shoulders moving quickly”.
那时，托尔斯泰写到，“（他）在房间内来来回回安静地走了数次，（伴随着）他的肩膀快速的移动。”
附：up and down 来回地; 到处来回地; 到处

Still later, after reviewing his army amid cheering crowds, Napoleon invites the shaken Russian to dinner.
后来，在拿破仑检阅过他那在欢呼的人群中（经过）的军队后，拿破仑邀请了那颤抖（估计被吓的）俄国人参加晚宴。
附：amid prep. 在...之间; 被...包围; 在...之中
例句:
He sat down amid deafening applause.
他在震耳欲聋的掌声中就坐。
I stood amid a sea of corn.
我站在茫茫一片庄稼之中。
He drank off a glass of beer amid their cheers.
在他们的欢呼声中，他把杯子里的啤酒一饮而尽。

“He raise his hand to the Russian’s…face,” Tolstoy writes, and “taking him by the ear pulled it gently….”
“他（拿破仑）将手举到了那俄国人的脸上”托老写到，然后“轻轻地拉他（俄国人）的耳朵”

To have one’s ear pulled by the Emperor was considered the greatest honor and mark of favor at the French court.
一个人的耳朵若能够被皇帝轻轻拉一下，那是在法式奉承中被认为是最高荣誉的。
附：court n. 法院, 奉承, 庭院（我感觉在这里总不能做“法庭”讲吧）

“Well, well, why don’t you say anything?” said he, as if it was ridiculous in his presence to respect any one but himself, Napoleon.
“好，好，你为何不说话”他（拿破仑）说到，好像在他面前而不尊敬他拿破仑是很荒谬的。
附：ridiculous adj. 荒谬的, 可笑的

Tolstoy did his research, but the composition is his own.
托尔斯泰作了研究，但作品是他自己的。
composition n. 写作; 作品; 作曲; 作文

希望你仍能满意

❻ 如果答案好的话会给50分！！英语阅读 分成几部分并概括大意

做完了。。。不要发翻译工具的答案来骗分！！

❼ 高中英语阅读理解答题技巧总结

英语阅读理解其实很大一部分还是有一定的难度的，那么具体的答题技巧是什么呢，接下来我为你看一看英语阅读理解解题技巧都有哪些，仅供参考！

英语阅读理解解题技巧与方法

首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可圆戚能多地捕获信息材料。

其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读四六级每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。

要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性。对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。

推断题定义：在理解原文字面意思的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得到文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程橘指陵。

结构顺序题解题技巧

1.注意主题段。主题段通常在文章逗凯的开头，简要概括文章的中心思想。

2.找出或者总结每段的主题句。主题句可能在段落的开头，也可能出现在段落的中间或末尾。如何确定主题句的方法见主旨题之main idea型。

3.最后根据每段主题确定段与段之间的结构关系，承上启下，使文章行文连贯，逻辑严密。为突出主题，作者可能采用不同的写作手法来组织文章，通过举例、比较、类比等手法来透彻阐明主题观点。

❽ 考研英语阅读理解翻译全文

考研英语阅读是考研英语的关键,所以平时要多做并总结考研英语阅读技巧。下面就是我给大家整理的考研英语阅读理解翻译全文，希望对你有用!
考研英语阅读原文
Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely——though by no means uniformly——glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.

Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.

But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have enred for millions of years —— so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years. Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."

So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organizations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.

Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.

But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.

This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to rece many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.
考研英语阅读翻译
几十年前，我们对于未来的看法尽管并不一致，但总的来说颇为乐观。我们相信科学和技术将会治愈人类的一切疾病，使所有人都过上充满机会和成就感的生活。

如今，随着我们对自己所面临的一系列威胁有了更深刻的认识，比如从小行星撞击，到流感，再到气候变化，乌托邦式已经不合时宜。你甚至可能会禁不住要想：人类几乎前途渺茫。

然而，这种担忧不合时宜。化石记录表明，许多物种已经存活了数百万年之久，那么人类为何就不可以呢?从一个更宏观的视角来看一看人类在宇宙中的地位，就会清楚明白，即使人类生存不了几十万年，至少再存活几万年的机会还是很大。在国际自然保护联盟的濒危物种 "红色名录"上查阅"智人"这一条目，你会读到："由于该物种分布非常广泛，适应性强，目前数量持续上升，且不存在导致其整体数量下降的重大威胁，故被列为最无危物种"。

那么，我们的遥远未来会是什么景象呢?越来越多的研究者和组织机构正在认真思考这个问题。比如，今日不朽基金会的旗舰项目是一台机械时钟，该时钟的设计目标是能够在几千几万年后保持计时功能。

这样做或许有些一意孤行，但推想久远的未来要比思考即将发生的未来更为容易。当今技术的可能发展及它的社会影响结果非常复杂，或许最好的办法是让科幻小说家和未来学家去探索我们能想象到的种种可能。这正是我们发行《弧》的原因之一，该新刊物旨在探索不远的未来。

但是，如果采用一个更为长远的视角，我们便能对惊人数量的事情做出很有把握的预测。通常，过去掌握着通向未来的钥匙：目前，我们已经充分了解有关地球历史和人类历史的长期发展模式，这使我们能对子孙后代的生存环境做出有根据的预测。

这种长远的视角使我们对未来的悲观态度更像是一股短暂的风潮。诚然，未来绝非一片光明。不过，我们已经有足够的知识去降低许多曾经威胁前人生存的危险，以及去改善后人的命运。
考研英语阅读词语解析
dedicated['dedi.keitid]adj. 专注的，献身的，专用的

overall[əuvə'rɔ:l]adj. 全部的，全体的，一切在内的

strike[straik]n. 罢工，打击，殴打 v. 打，撞，罢工，划

adaptable[ə'dæptəbl]adj. 能适应的，适应性强的，可改编的

planet['plænit]n. 行星

immediate[i'mi:djət]adj. 立即的，即刻的，直接的，最接近的

pessimistic[.pesi'mistik]adj. 悲观的，悲观主义的

population[.pɔpju'leiʃən]n. 人口 ，(全体)居民，人数

opportunity[.ɔpə'tju:niti]n. 机会，时机

evolution[.i:və'lu:ʃən]n. 进化，发展，演变

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❾ 英语阅读理解主旨大意解题技巧

英语阅读理解主旨大意解题技巧

主旨大意题是高考阅读理解的主要题型之一， 旨在考查考生对锻炼大意或者文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力。此类题数量较大，在15个题中约占3-4个。下面就跟着我一起来详细了解一下主旨大意题的解题技巧吧!

◆主旨大意题的分类

⑴从考查对象上划分，主旨大意题可分为两种

①篇章主旨：针对全文的主题进行提问。主题句出现在首段的居多，其次是末段或为几段主题的综

②段落主旨：针对某一段或几段的主题提问。主题句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能需要从上下文中寻找或总结。

⑵从考查内容上划分，主旨大意题可分为三种

①主题类(内容)，考查文章或段落的主旨大意;

②目的类，考查文章或段落的写作目的;

③标题类，要求考生选出文章的最佳标题。

◆设问特点：

1. 考查全文主旨或段落大意。

2. 正确选项概况范围大小恰当，主旨判断准确。

3. 错误选项的特点常常是太大、太窄或者偏离主题，主观臆断。

4. 常以main idea, best idea, subject, mainly discuss 等词提问。

◆常考问题：

1). 中心思想类

The main point /idea of the passage is…

The passage is mai nly about…

The passage mainly discusses…

The last but one paragraph is chiefly concerned with…?

Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?

2).标题类

Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

The best title for the passage would be …

3).目的类

The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to …

The passage is meant to ….

In writing this passage, the author mainly intends to…

【技巧点拨】

1. 寻找主题句:

抓住段落或文章主题的捷径之一就是在段落或文章中寻找主题句。主题句是指能表达或概况段落主题或文章主要内容的句子， 通常是一个简洁、完整、具有概况性的句子，较多出现在说明文和议论文中，而其他句子则围绕着主题句展开进行说明解释或扩展。

主题句在文中的位置:

1)开门见山：提出主题----细节支撑阐明主题

2)段末点睛：细节描述----归纳要点---概括主题

3)段中点旨：细节描述---归纳主题---进一步解释

4)无主题句:考生需根据文章中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括和总结文章的大意

2. 捕捉关键词：

略读是概括和归纳文章或段落大意的基本方法。略读时要快，把注意力集中在关键词(即实词)上，非关键词(即虚词)则一带而过。注意出现频率高的词可能是蕴涵中心思想的关键词，分析归纳筛选出最能表达主旨或这这意图 的`关键词，继而确定文章的主旨大意。

3. 仔细推敲选项：

1)主旨大意题的干扰项的特点有：

①以偏概全：只阐述了文章的部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息;

②无中生有或似是而非：有的干扰项中的关键词语好像在文章中谈到了，但认真分析之后你会发现这类干扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。

③主题扩大：归纳概括的范围过大，超过文章实际讨论的内容;

④张冠李戴：命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上，构成一个干扰项。在我们不注意的情况下，会造成错选答案。

2)主旨大意题的正确选项特征

①含有抽象名词和概括性词语的选项往往是正确答案;

②较全面、有针对性地表达文章中心思想的选项一般是答案项。

;

❿ 考研英语阅读:如何总结理解的段落大意

下文用两步教你快速总结出阅读理解中的段落大意。 结论题与推理题在解题思路和方法上有许多相似之处，但是推理题偏重于推理过程，而结论题偏重于归纳过程。解答结论题时一定要根据题目要求，就短文有关内容做出合乎逻辑的、可靠的结论。有时为了克服片面性，可以扩大阅读范围，否则获得信息的范围太窄，结论便欠妥。因此，解答此类试题既要以事实为依据，也要依据自己的常识和经验;既要重视文章主题，也要重视发展或印证主题的细节;而尤为重要的是把握作者的写作意图。注意过于概括、过于全面或过于细节化的选项，往往属于干扰项。 (1)先了解全文，把握主题 考生可以通过首尾段、文章结构、或归纳整理各段信息迅速了解主题。然后再通过主题与细节的关系进行合乎理性的归纳。 Example The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed. Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made sly. Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life. (2000年 Passage 5) From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained . [A] secretly and vigorously [B] openly and enthusiastically [C] easily and momentarily [D] verbally and spiritually 该段谈到人们对雄心的攻击远多于对它的维护，因此本应是一种健康公开的品质得不到很多支持。第四句和第五句指出了不公开表达雄心带来的不良后果，由此可以推出人们不应该隐瞒自己的雄心。此外，纵观全文，作者提倡的是正确对待雄心，坦言自己的抱负。因此[B]选项"公开而热情地"是作者提倡的对待雄心的正确态度。 (2)把握作者的写作意图 Example No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word "amateur" does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom. (2001年 Passage 1) The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate. [A] the process of specialisation and professionalisation [B] the hardship of amateurs in scientific study [C] the change of policies in scientific publications [D] the discrimination of professionals against amateurs 前一段谈到，业余研究者进入专业领域很难的趋势在某些科学领域尤为突出，英国地质学的发展就说明了这一问题。后一段通过对19世纪英国地质学及其出版物的变化、研究方式的变化、非专业人员研究过程的困难等的陈述，说明专业人员和业余人员之间的分化越来越明显。因此可引申推理出作者的写作目的正是描述[A]选项 "职业化和专业化形成的过程"。 ◇ 编辑推荐·2014年考研复习：政治英语数学 专业课· 历年考研真题汇总 2014考研报考指南
·2014各高校招生简章 ·考研院校录取数据对比 复试信息相关热词：考研考研英语考研英语复习