如何找英语阅读的文章主旨

1. 如何掌握英文文章的主旨

南昌一中外语组： 庄蓉芳摘要：语文和英语两门学科都是关于语言学习的，在掌握文章主旨的方法上有许多相同和相通之处。但尽管如此，不是每个学生都能顺利地进行知识迁移，用我们的母语经验去帮助掌握英文文章的主旨。本文将列举五个典型案例来探究如何掌握英文文章的主旨常用的方法。关键词：知识迁移 ，母语经验， 英文文章的主旨， 常用方法 在阅读任何一篇英文短文时，第一件要思考的事就是了解文章大意。英文短文有明显的特点，那就是每一自然段的开头或结尾句就是该段的主题句。可以说，绝大多数学生都知道这一特点，却依旧无法准确的理解文章主旨。为什么？因为了解这一特点仅仅是掌握文章主旨的初始阶段，如何能将主题句有机地联系在一起才是知识迁移的关键阶段——即用语文学科中掌握主旨的知识去指导掌握英文文章主旨。 方法1：重视第一自然段的作用。第一自然段主要有两个作用：第一：抛砖引玉，引出下文；第二：总括全文，即文章主旨段落。 例题一、2006年高考题重庆卷阅读C篇When a Swedish ship that sank in 1628 was recovered from the port of Stockholm, historians and scientists were overjoyed with the chance to examine the remains of the past. The ship construction showed how ships were built and operated ring the seventeenth century. In this way, artifacts ,objects made by human beings, provided a picture of daily life almost 400 years ago. Underwaterarchaeology-the study of ships, aircraft and human settlements that have sunk under large bodies of water-is really a proct of the last 50 years. The rapid growth of this new area of study has occurred because of the invention of better diving equipment .Besides the Swedish ship wreck(残骸），underwater archaeologists have made more exciting discoveries such as the 5000-year-old boats in the Mediterranean Sea. Underwater archaeology can provide facts abut the past. In ancient ports all over the world are ships sunken in the past 6,000 years. There are also sunken settlements in seas and lakes telling of peoples way of life and their systems of trade in ancient times. Underwater archaeologists want to study these objects to add to the world's knowledge of history, but they have to fight two enemies. One enemy is treasure hunters who dive for ancient artifacts that they can sell to collectors. Once sold, these objects are lost to experts. The second enemy is dredging machines(挖掘机）often used to repair ports. These machines destroy wrecks and artifacts or bury them deeper under sand and mud. By teaching the public about the importance of underwater “museums” of the past, archaeologists are hoping to get support for laws to protect underwater treasures. 全文共三段，第一自然段讲了发现了一艘1628的沉船，历史学家和科学家们欢呼雀跃有机会了解过去的遗迹；第二自然段讲了水下考古学的的定义；第三自然段讲了水下考古学的作用。如果，学生非常清楚第一自然段的主要作用，就很容易发现第一自然段是抛砖引玉引起下文而不是总括全文，全文主要讲的是水下考古学。 63. What purpose does Paragraph 1 serve in the passage? A. To provide background information of the topic B. To attract readers' attention to the topic C. To use an example to support the topic D. To offer basic knowledge of the topic 所以该考题答案应选择B。 例题二、2011年高考题福建卷阅读理解D篇 Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis was one of the most private women in the world, yet when she went to work as an editor in the last two decades of her life, she revealed (展现) herself as she did nowhere else.After the death of her second husband, Greek shipping magnate Aristotie Onassis laqueline’s close friend and former White House social secretary Letitis Baldrige made a suggestion that she consider a career in publishing. After consideration, Jacqueline accepted it. Perhaps she hoped to find there some ideas about how to live her own life .She became not less but more interested in reading. For the last 20 years of her life, Jacqueline worked as a publisher’s editor, first at Viking, then at Doubleday ,pursuing（追求）a late-life career longer than her two marriages combined. During her time in publishing, she was responsible for managing and editing more than 100 successfully marketed books. Among the first books were In the Russian Style and Inventive Paris Clothes. She also succeeded in persuading TV hosts Bill Moyers and Joseph Campbell to transform their popular television conversation into a book ,The Power of Myth. The book went on to become an international best-seller. She dealt too. with Michael Jackson as he prepared his autobiography(自传)，Moonwalk.Jaequeline may have been hired for her name and for her social relations, but she soon proved her worth.. Her choices, suggestions and widespread social relations were of benefit both to the publishing firms and to Jacqueline herself. In the books she selected for publication, she built on a lifetime of spending time by herself as a reader and left a record of the growth of her mind. Her books are the autobiography she never wrote, Her role as First lady, in the end, was overshadowed by her performance as an editor. However, few knew that she had achieved so much. 全文共三段。第一自然段的主旨是肯尼迪夫人Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis 在生命的最后二十多年作为一名编辑，在工作中表现比她以前做的任何事情都出色；第二自然段的主旨是在她第二任丈夫去世后，她接受了进入出版业的建议；第三自然段的主旨是她被雇佣也许是因为她的名声和社会关系，但很快她就证明了她的价值。很明显，第一自然段是总括段落。 The passage is mainly A. an introction of Jacqueline’s life both as Fist Lady and as editor. B. a brief description of Jacqueline’s lifelong experiences. C. a brief account of Jacqueline’s career as an editor in her last 20 years. D. an analysis of Jacqueline’s social relations in publishing 所以该考题答案是C. 方法2：利用分段理顺主题句之间的关系。这种方法很适用于篇幅较长，段落较多的传记、议论文和说明文。 例题一、2011年高考题浙江卷阅读理解C篇 ① In the more and more competitive service instry , it is no longer enough to promise customer satisfaction. Today , customer “delight” is what companies are trying to achieve in order to keep and increase market share.②It is accepted in the marketing instry , and confirmed by a number of researches, that customers receiving good service will promote business by telling up to 12 other people : those treated badly will tell their tales of woe to up to 20 people, 80 percent of people who feel their complaints are handled fairly will stay loyal ③ New challenges for customer care have come when people can obtain goods and services through telephone call centers and the Internet. For example , many companies now have to invest(投资)a lot of money in information technology and staff training in order to cope with the “phone rage”—caused by delays in answering calls ,being cut off in mid-conversation or left waiting for long periods.④“Many people do not like talking to machines ,”says Dr . Storey Senior Lecturer in Marketng at City University Business School.“Banks, for example, encourage staff at call centers to use customer data to establish instant and good relationship with them .The aim is to make the customer feel they know you and that you can trust— the sort of comfortable feelings people have ring face-to-face chats with their local branch manager.” ⑤ Recommended ways of creating customer delight include: under-promising and over-delivering (saying that a repair will be calmed out within five hours ,but getting it done within two );replacing a faulty proct immediately : throwing in a gift voucher(购物礼卷)as an unexpected “thank you” to rental customers ;and always returning calls ,even when they are complaints. ⑥ Aiming for customer delight is all very well , but if services do not reach the high level promised , disappointment or worse will be the result . This can be eased by offering an apology and an explanation of why the service did not meet usual standards with empathy (for example,“ I know how you must feel”) , and possible solutions (replacement , compensation or whatever fames suggests best meets the case). ⑦Airlines face some of the toughest challenges over customer care . Fierce competition has convinced them that delighting passengers is an important marketing tool, while there is great potential for customer anger over delays caused by weather ,unclaimed luggage and technical problems . ⑧For British Airways staff , a winning telephone style is considered vital in handling the large volume of calls about bookings and flight times . They are trained to answer quickly ,with their name , job title and a “we are here to help” attitude. The company has invested heavily in information technology to make sure that information is available instantly on screen. ⑨ British Airways also says its customer care policies are applied within the company and staff are taught to regard each other as customers requiring the highest standards of service. ⑩Customer care is obviously here to stay and it would be a foolish company that used slogans such as "we do as we please”. On the other hand , the more customers are promised, the greater the risk of disappointment. 这是一篇议论文，一共有十个自然段。十个主题句如果不加以进一步的整理，很难在短时间里看出全文的主旨。分段是整理多段落文章的一个很实用的方法。议论文分段要考虑论点、论据和论证，文章主要由提出问题（what）、分析问题(why)、和解决问题(how)几个部分构成这些因素。这篇文章根据提出问题（what）、分析问题(why)、和解决问题(how)等三个因素大体可以分成三大段，第一段包括①②自然段，提出问题，即尽力取悦顾客是很多公司保住或增加市场份额的方法，并讲述了原因；第二大段包括③④自然段，分析问题，即照顾好客人在出现电话和网络等购物方式时面临的新挑战；第三大段包括⑤-⑩自然段，解决问题，即在取悦顾客的多种方法中，特别要注意一项原则“许诺越多，失望的几率就越大，不要轻易许诺”。文章用了六个自然段放在解决问题这一块，用意非常明显。文章的主题应该是：现在，面临新的挑战，取悦顾客依然是好的经营策略，但具体使用不同方法时一定要注意一项原则“许诺越多，失望的几率就就越大，不要轻易许诺”，这样，才能真正实现取悦顾客的经营策略。 55. Which of the following is conveyed in this article? A. Face-to-face service creates comfortable feelings among customers. B. Companies that promise more will naturally attract more customers. C. A company should promise less but do more in a competitive market. D. Customer delight is more important for airlines than for banks. 所以，该考题答案应选择C。 例题二、20011年高考题江苏卷阅读理解A篇①We know the famous ones—the Thomas Edisons and the Alexander Graham Bells —but what about the less famous inventors? What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper(雨刮器)？Shouldn’t we know who they are?②Joan Mclean think so. In fact, Mclean, a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range, feels so strongly about this matter that she’s developed a course on the topic. In addition to learning “who” invented ”what”, however, Mclean also likes her students to learn the answers to the” why” and ”how” questions. According to Mclean,” When students learn the answers to these questions, they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try.”③Her students agree. One young man with a patent for an unbreakable umbrella is walking proof of McLean’s statement. “If I had not heard the story of the windshield wiper’s invention,” said Tommy Lee, a senior physics major, “ I never would have dreamed of turning my bad experience ring a rainstorm into something so constructive. “ Lee is currently negotiating to see his patent to an umbrella procer.④So, just what is the story behind the windshield wiper? Well, Mary Anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to Mew York City. The day was cold and stormy, but Anderson still wanted to see the sights ,so she jumped aboard a streetcar. Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield, she found herself wondering why there couldn’t be a built-in device for cleaning the window. Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birmingham, Alabama, Anderson started drafting out solutions. One of her ideas, a lever(操作杆)on the inside of a vehicle that would control an arm on the outside, became the first windshield wiper. ⑤Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations，It’s hard to imagine driving without Garrett A. Morgan’s traffic light. It’s equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J.Blodgett’s innovation that makes glass invisible, Can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses? 这篇文章在分析过程中有一点曲折之处，这要特别注意。其中①④⑤三个自然段能构成一个完整主题即“我们也应该去了解那些不知名的发明家，因为他们的发明是我们从中受益 ”。而且，①、⑤两段正好是文章的开头段和结尾段，是我们通常认为的最重要的两个段落。所以这个主题很容易被误解成这样。但是，如果考虑分段，就会发现一个矛盾，若按这样的主题，那②、③自然段，主旨是“老师Joan McLean和她的学生都认为要开关于不知名的发明家的课程”，放在文章的中间是不是有点问题？而且这个文章主旨显然没有包括②、③自然段。所以，这篇文章要重新考虑-----文章的开头段应是引出话题，然后进入正文，说要开Invention Courses这种课程，④、⑤自然段则是解释为什么开这种的课的原因。 59. Which of the following can best serve as the title of this passage? A How to Help Students to Sell Their Inventions to Procers? B How to Design a Built-in Device for Cleaning the Window? C Shouldn’t We Know Who Invented the Windshield Wiper? D Shouldn’t We Develop Invention Courses in Universities? 文章的主旨的我们为什么要开Invention Courses，所以，该考题答案为D。 方法3：找出内在的联系线索。 例题一、2011年高考题安徽卷阅读理解B篇 Think about the different ways that people use the wind . You can use it to fly a kite or to sail a boat . Wind is one of our cleanest and richest power source(来源), as well as one of the oldest . Evidence shows that windmills(风车) began to be used in ancient Iran back in the seventh century BC . They were first introced to Europe ring the 1100s, when armies returned from the Middle East with knowledge of using wind power. For many centuries, people used windmills to grind(磨碎) wheat into flour or pump water from deep underground . When electricity was discovered in the late 1800s, people living in remote areas began to use them to proce electricity. This allowed them to have electric lights and radio. However, by the1940s when electricity was available to people in almost all areas of the United States, windmills were rarely used. During the 1970s, people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to proce electricity . People also realized that the supply of coal and gas would not last forever . Then, wind was rediscovered , though it means higher coasts. Today , there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind. 文章共三段，第一段主旨是风能不仅仅是最干净丰富的资源还是最古老的能源之一；第二自然段的主旨是几个世纪以来，人们都使用风能，但在上世纪40年代，由于电力的发明，风能很少被利用；第三自然段的主旨是今天，全球都有利用风能发电的倾向。不要孤立每一段落，将三个主旨联系起来就可以看出文章在叙述风能利用的发展史。 63.What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows? A. The advantage of wind power. B. The design of wind power plants. C. The worldwide movement to save energy. D. The global trend towards procing power from wind. 后面作者会写什么？当然还是风能发展。所以该题答案为D. 在理解英文文章主旨中，灵活运用我们在学习语文中理解文章主旨的方法会有很多益处。首先，思维上轻车熟路，这会加快分析英文文章的速度；其次，加强了学生对文章重点涉及的问题的记忆。当学生回去寻找答案时，速度会更为迅速。再次，强化了学生的阅读记忆能力。这为提高了阅读速度和阅读质量打下了坚实的基础。我们知道，对语言文字的过度推理会引起了理解力的减弱。正如熊学亮先生（1999）所说的，“认知的加倍投入并不等于加倍的获得信息”。 高考阅读理解题中关于文章主旨题的提问角度也是在检查和督促学生将语文学科中获得的掌握主旨方法运用到英语学科中的知识迁移过程。 所以无论是从提高自身的英文阅读理解能力上说，还是从提高应试能力上说，掌握这些方法都是很有必要的。

2. 如何掌握英文文章的主旨

语文和英语两门学科都是关于语言学习的,在掌握文章主旨的方法上有许多相同和相通之处.但尽管如此,不是每个学生都能顺利地进行知识迁移,用我们的母语经验去帮助掌握英文文章的主旨.本文将列举五个典型案例来探究如何掌握英文文章的主旨常用的方法.关键词：知识迁移 ,母语经验, 英文文章的主旨, 常用方法 在阅读任何一篇英文短文时,第一件要思考的事就是了解文章大意.英文短文有明显的特点,那就是每一自然段的开头或结尾句就是该段的主题句.可以说,绝大多数学生都知道这一特点,却依旧无法准确的理解文章主旨.为什么?因为了解这一特点仅仅是掌握文章主旨的初始阶段,如何能将主题句有机地联系在一起才是知识迁移的关键阶段——即用语文学科中掌握主旨的知识去指导掌握英文文章主旨. 方法1：重视第一自然段的作用.第一自然段主要有两个作用：第一：抛砖引玉,引出下文；第二：总括全文,即文章主旨段落. 例题一、2006年高考题重庆卷阅读C篇When a Swedish ship that sank in 1628 was recovered from the port of Stockholm, historians and scientists were overjoyed with the chance to examine the remains of the past. The ship construction showed how ships were built and operated ring the seventeenth century. In this way, artifacts ,objects made by human beings, provided a picture of daily life almost 400 years ago.
Underwaterarchaeology-the study of ships, aircraft and human settlements that have sunk under large bodies of water-is really a proct of the last 50 years. The rapid growth of this new area of study has occurred because of the invention of better diving equipment .Besides the Swedish ship wreck(残骸）,underwater archaeologists have made more exciting discoveries such as the 5000-year-old boats in the Mediterranean Sea.
Underwater archaeology can provide facts abut the past. In ancient ports all over the world are ships sunken in the past 6,000 years. There are also sunken settlements in seas and lakes telling of peoples way of life and their systems of trade in ancient times. Underwater archaeologists want to study these objects to add to the world's knowledge of history, but they have to fight two enemies. One enemy is treasure hunters who dive for ancient artifacts that they can sell to collectors. Once sold, these objects are lost to experts. The second enemy is dredging machines(挖掘机）often used to repair ports. These machines destroy wrecks and artifacts or bury them deeper under sand and mud. By teaching the public about the importance of underwater “museums” of the past, archaeologists are hoping to get support for laws to protect underwater treasures. 全文共三段,第一自然段讲了发现了一艘1628的沉船,历史学家和科学家们欢呼雀跃有机会了解过去的遗迹

3. 英语阅读理解技巧主旨

英语阅读理解技巧主旨

主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。下面我给大家整理有关英语阅读理解主旨大意题的解题技巧，欢迎大家阅读学习!

【主旨大意题解题技巧】

主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。

常见的设题方式有:

1 标题类常见的标题型题干

1)The best title/ headline for this passage might be_____________.

2)The text (passage) could be entitled ______________.

3)What is the best title for the passage?

4)Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage?

2 大意类常见的主题型题干

5) This passage chiefly deals with____________.

6) What‘s the topic of the article?

7) What is the subject discussed in the text?

8) With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned?

3 目的主旨大意题

The author‘s main purpose in writing the passage is______. The passage is meant to _____ The purpose of this article is _______

这类题通常围绕一个中心思想展开。不少文章一开头便展示出文章的中心思想。第一段常常是内容的梗概，同时又表达了中心思想，但是不少文章的中心思想贯穿全文，并没有用一句话明确表达出来。这就要求学生学会归纳概括。每个段落往往也由一个主题句或几个陈述句构成，它们在句中的位置不同，有时在开头,首先点明本段大意; 有时在结尾, 总结本段大意。

做这类题，首先要找出文章的主题句。找出文章的主题句，也就明确了文章要讲什么，再通过速读全文，就可以把握文章的中心思想了。另外在许多文段中，没有可以概括全段意义的主题句，必须根据文章中所提供的事实细节，进行全面分析，然后归纳成一般概念。但必须注意，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。

A.主题句呈现的形式

1?文首开门见山, 提出主题, 随之用细节来解释, 支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想. 最常见的演绎法写作方式. 例1.The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops.

例2.Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious. The world population is rising, so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, human life on earth will not survive.

2).文尾?在表述细节后, 归纳要点, 印象, 结论建议或结果, 以概括主题. 这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式

3).文中通常前面只提出问题， 文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出, 而后又作进一步的解释, 支撑或发展.

例4.Nothing is as useful as a flashlight in a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand a camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.

4).首尾呼应?为突出主题, 作者先提出主题, 结尾时再次点出主题, 这种首尾呼应的'写作方式较为多见. 但前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复, 后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。

例5.?首段?Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes, “ It was seeing people with snakes bites that led me to the career.“she said„

?尾段?“The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes.‖Shu said.

5).无主题句?即主题句隐含在全文中, 没有明确的主题句. 必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节?进行全面考虑?综合分析?然后找出共同的东西?归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是?既不能以偏概全?也不能在概括时过于宽泛?要恰如其分。

例6.Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.

Q: What is the main idea of the passage? ????

A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer. B. Bingham is a diligent student.

C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent ecation. D. A good lawyer needs good ecation.

[分析]此文没有主题句。全篇共四句?只陈述了四个细节(detail)性的事实。因此就答案本身看?个个都对。读者只能将所有的details综合起来?进行逻辑推理?才能构成一个没有言明的主题思想(unstated main idea)。由于文中主要涉及了Joshua Bingham接受教育的情况?即作者想告诉我们的是?Joshua Bingham接受过良好的教育?所以答案是 ?

除了以上主题句呈现的常见形式外还要注意标志词 文章或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标志性的提示后。如?on the whole, as a result, in short, therefore, thus„..I agree with the opinion that„.;Given all these points above, I would support the idea that„.; For all the reasons mentioned above, I would prefer„.

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4. 英语阅读理解主旨大意解题技巧

英语阅读理解主旨大意解题技巧

主旨大意题是高考阅读理解的主要题型之一， 旨在考查考生对锻炼大意或者文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力。此类题数量较大，在15个题中约占3-4个。下面就跟着我一起来详细了解一下主旨大意题的解题技巧吧!

◆主旨大意题的分类

⑴从考查对象上划分，主旨大意题可分为两种

①篇章主旨：针对全文的主题进行提问。主题句出现在首段的居多，其次是末段或为几段主题的综

②段落主旨：针对某一段或几段的主题提问。主题句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能需要从上下文中寻找或总结。

⑵从考查内容上划分，主旨大意题可分为三种

①主题类(内容)，考查文章或段落的主旨大意;

②目的类，考查文章或段落的写作目的;

③标题类，要求考生选出文章的最佳标题。

◆设问特点：

1. 考查全文主旨或段落大意。

2. 正确选项概况范围大小恰当，主旨判断准确。

3. 错误选项的特点常常是太大、太窄或者偏离主题，主观臆断。

4. 常以main idea, best idea, subject, mainly discuss 等词提问。

◆常考问题：

1). 中心思想类

The main point /idea of the passage is…

The passage is mai nly about…

The passage mainly discusses…

The last but one paragraph is chiefly concerned with…?

Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?

2).标题类

Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

The best title for the passage would be …

3).目的类

The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to …

The passage is meant to ….

In writing this passage, the author mainly intends to…

【技巧点拨】

1. 寻找主题句:

抓住段落或文章主题的捷径之一就是在段落或文章中寻找主题句。主题句是指能表达或概况段落主题或文章主要内容的句子， 通常是一个简洁、完整、具有概况性的句子，较多出现在说明文和议论文中，而其他句子则围绕着主题句展开进行说明解释或扩展。

主题句在文中的位置:

1)开门见山：提出主题----细节支撑阐明主题

2)段末点睛：细节描述----归纳要点---概括主题

3)段中点旨：细节描述---归纳主题---进一步解释

4)无主题句:考生需根据文章中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括和总结文章的大意

2. 捕捉关键词：

略读是概括和归纳文章或段落大意的基本方法。略读时要快，把注意力集中在关键词(即实词)上，非关键词(即虚词)则一带而过。注意出现频率高的词可能是蕴涵中心思想的关键词，分析归纳筛选出最能表达主旨或这这意图 的`关键词，继而确定文章的主旨大意。

3. 仔细推敲选项：

1)主旨大意题的干扰项的特点有：

①以偏概全：只阐述了文章的部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息;

②无中生有或似是而非：有的干扰项中的关键词语好像在文章中谈到了，但认真分析之后你会发现这类干扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。

③主题扩大：归纳概括的范围过大，超过文章实际讨论的内容;

④张冠李戴：命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上，构成一个干扰项。在我们不注意的情况下，会造成错选答案。

2)主旨大意题的正确选项特征

①含有抽象名词和概括性词语的选项往往是正确答案;

②较全面、有针对性地表达文章中心思想的选项一般是答案项。

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5. 英语阅读题主旨大意题解题技巧

英语阅读题主旨大意题解题技巧

由于大纲要求读懂议论文和说明文，而真正的考研当中大概95%都是议论文，而考议论文的话，最重要的就是考议论文最具有标志性的东西，也就是说议论文主要考的就是论点和论据，那论点表现在题目上最有标志性的就是主旨大意题。很多同学反应文章的主旨比较难抓，那我从文章的结构入手，旨在给学生梳理清楚!

【英语阅读题主旨大意题解题技巧】

(一)主旨大意题的命题规律

1.从考查的对象上划分，主旨大意题可分为两种：

(1)篇章主旨：针对全文的主题进行提问。主题句出现在首段的居多，其次是末段或为几段主题的综合。

(2)段落主旨：针对某一段或几段的主题提问。主题句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能不在此(几)句，需要从上下文中寻找或总结。

2.从考查的内容上划分，还可分为主题类(内容)(考查文章或段落的主旨大意)、目的类(考查文章或段落的写作目的)和标题类(要求考生选出文章的最佳标题)三种。

主旨大意题经常用main idea, main point, key point, maintopic, mainly discuss, mainly explain, is mainly about; purpose; best title等词语来表达。

(二)主旨大意题的常考点

1.段首、段尾句常考：段首、段尾句一般表达了文章的.中心思想，或者就是该段的主题句，对全文或全段起着提纲挈领的作用。

2.语义转折处常考：尤其是段首的语义转折，其后面往往是作者真实的写作目的或基本观点，即文章的中心思想所在。

3.因果句常考：因果句通常可以表现出作者的意图、观点甚至全文的主题，因此成为考点。

(三)主旨大意题的7招技巧

一篇文章的主旨往往会在文章的第一段或开头部分找到。作者会通过“首段提问法”、“转移重心法”、“独句段开头”、“类比开头”、“事例开头法”等约定俗称的方式暗示或引入主题。因此，解答主旨题时，大家要首先重点研读文章第一段和第二段的段首句。

1. 首段提问法

如果文章第一段的第一句话、最后一句话或者第二段第一句是一个疑问句，那么本文的主旨就很可能是对该问题的一个解答。在这里同学一定要注意的一点就是并列问句不是主旨。

2. 喜新厌旧类

如果文章第一段先描述一件事情，然后在本段或第二段首句出现转折词，进而表述另一件事情，那么本文主旨就是转折词之后的另一件事。这类题目多会考的一种题型是写作意图题。

3. 事例开头类

如果文章开头引用、叙述个人经历、讲述故事、描写一起事故等方式举例。其目的显然是要通过举例的方法引出文章主题。通常情况下，这类文章的主题都会在首段末句或第二段的首句。

4. 类比开头法

如果一篇文章开头或第一段涉及一项内容A，随后或者第二段开头用到“Now the same thing is happening to B”等表示类比的句型，那么，这时可以确定本文主旨是B内容。

5. 独句段法

如果一篇文章的第一段是一句话，那么本文的主旨就是本句话所表达的内容。

6. 大众观点法

如果作者在文章的开头引用大众的或他人的观点，其目的显然是要通过大众或他人引出自己的观点。通常情况下，这类文章的主题会在表述大众观点或他人观点的句子之后。

7. 各段分述法

有些文章的第一段可能并没有采用上述方法来引入主题，这时可以考虑本篇文章是否采用了“各段分述，围绕主题”的方法。

总而言之，主旨类题在考研英语阅读理解中占据着相当重要的位置，能否正确理解文章主旨，对于作对阅读题具有绝对的指导性意义。而且，尤为关键的是，掌握了文章的主旨，对于其他题目的选择有着相当强的指导作用。

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6. 高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧

高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧

导语：高考复习的重点一是要掌握所有的知识点，二就是要大量的做题，以下是我为大家精心整理的高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧，欢迎大家参考！

阅读理解之主旨大意题

我们阅读一篇文章， 首先是要了解其大意， 明确其主旨。因此， 主旨大意题是常考题。主旨大意题包括：主要内容(main idea, mainly about)型、文章标题(title)型、写作目的(purpose)型。广东高考近几年来考查过的题目中mainly about只考过4题，title题考了5题， purpose题考了5题。

解题技巧

1.弄清文章的大意， 关键是找到主题句。

主题句的位置：主题句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼应， 有时也在文中，或没有主题句，需根据文章所述内容进行归纳。各段的主题句也常在该段的首句或尾句。议论文和说明文一般有主题句，但记叙文通常没有主题句，需要归纳。

2.找主题句的方法：用浏览法(skimming)，即

快速阅读文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主题线索和主题信息。找主题句的四个小窍门：

(1)段落中出现表转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, actually等)时， 该句很可能是主题句。

(2)首段出现疑问句时， 对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。

(3)作者有意识地反复重复的观点，通常是主旨;反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。

(4)表示总结或结论的话常有therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等。

3.关于干扰项和正确答案。

(1)干扰项可能属文中某个具体事实或细节;可能属文中某些 (不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论;可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。

(2)正确答案：是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的;但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。

4.在阅读理解中，主旨大意题常有以下几种命题方式： (1)Main idea型：选择项多为陈述句，要求考生选择表达作者思想或观点的.句子。题干多为如下形式：

①What's the main idea/point of the passage?

②The passage is mainly about________.

③The passage is mainly concerned about________.

④Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?

⑤Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea/theme of the passage?

⑥In this passage the author discusses primarily______.

⑦The subject discussed in this text is________.

⑧The general/main idea of the passage is about________.

(2)Main purpose型：选择项多为动宾结构，要求考生找到主要的写作目的，常见以下几种题干形式：

①What's the purpose of the passage?

②The passage is meant to________.

③The purpose of the article is to________.

④In this passage the writer tries to tell us that________.

⑤The passage tells us that________.

⑥The author's main purpose in writing the passage is to ...

(3)标题型：选择文章标题是另一类对主旨大意题考查的形式，命题形式：

①The best title of the passage is________.

②Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

③The best title for the passage is________.

④The most appropriate title of the passage is________.

In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animal. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy.

典型例析

From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people...Often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness...But only when we stop

pretending we're brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness that's in them.

30.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A.A Wheelchair Experience.

B.Weakness and Kindness.

C.Weakness and Strength.

D.A Driving Experience

解析：主旨大意题。在第一段中，出现了表转折的But...可知，“But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people”便是主题句，再根据第二段最后一句可以确定，这句的确是主题句。又因标题要简明、醒目，故选B。

答案：B

In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources (资源), the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. Actually, the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持续的)ways. That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable

procts.In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.

Today, sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries....In recent years the markets for sustainable procts have grown by more than 50%.

45.What is the main purpose of the passage?

A.To introce a new business model.

B.To compare two business models.

C.To predict a change of the global market.

D.To advocate sustainable development.

解析：主旨大意题。在第一段中，出现了转折的Actually，其后的“People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed，and that we must be able to develop in sustainable(可持续的)ways”是主题句，随后的两句话都是对这一句进

行解释;句中两个must清楚表明了作者“提倡可持续发展”，第二段首句“Today，sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries”进一步说明，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是“提倡可持续发展”。故选D。

答案：D

Although the use of the expression is an insincere, meaningless social custom at times, there is nothing wrong with the sentence except that it is little uninteresting. The salesgirl, the waitress, the teacher, and all the countless others who speak it without thinking may not really care about my day. But in a strange and comfortable way, it's nice to know they care enough to pretend they care when they really don't care all that much. While the expression may not often

be sincere, it is always spoken. The point is that people say it all the time when they like.

30.What is the best title of the passage?

A.Have a Nice Day — a Social Custom

B.Have a Nice Day — a Pleasant Gesture

C.Have a Nice Day — a Heartwarming Greeting

D.Have a Nice Day — a Polite Ending of a Conversation

解析：主旨大意题。由该段的第一句(特别是custom一词)可知。

答案：A

(2013年高考)Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear.Children know this very well. Fred Epstein，in his book If I Make It to Five，tells a story he heard from one of friends about Tom，a fouryearold boy with a cancer in his back bone.He came through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imagination

…

It doesn't mean that you should dress as a superhero for you next job interview. But，next time you are tested in a way that seems impossible, imagine what it would take to overcome it. Become the person you need to become to win over your challenge and do it in your mind first. So，let your imagination run wild，and dare to dream.

30.What is the purpose of the passage?

A.To tell us an interesting story.

B.To help us make right decisions.

C.To advise us to care about children.

D.To encourage us to use our imagination.

解析：主旨大意题。由文章首句Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear和全文末句So, let your imagination run wild, and dare to dream可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励我们运用我们的想象力。

答案：D

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7. 英语如何提炼主旨大意

1由点到面，构建知识网络
对所学的知识点分步地进行梳理、归纳和总结，理清知识回脉络。从一个简单的语法点答或一个核心句型开始延伸，理清它们的变化形式、变化规律以及与时态、语态等的关联。所谓由点到面，构建知识网络。
2由面到点，加深记忆，查漏补缺
回归课本，查缺补漏，打好基础。以单元为单位展开复习，回忆每单元所学的主要内容，包括核心单词、重点句型和语法，以及需要掌握的对话等。回忆时要有框架，由面到点，比如先通过目录页回忆每个单元的话题，然后再回忆细化的知识点。
3聚焦重难点，巩固易错点
对每单元中的重点内容（词汇、句型和语法）和在练习中易错的点作进一步的复习，解决重点、难点和疑点，加深理解。多看错题本，攻克错题。
4经典题目自测，检验复习效果
对复习效果进行检测，会产生成就感或紧张感，从而自觉主动地去学习，同时可以及时调整复习方法。在复习完成时，选取一定数量的题目进行检测非常有必要。多做典型题，摸清规律，学会举一反三，但不提倡题海战术。
想要考个好成绩，除了熟练掌握单词、语法、句型，还要有正确的答题技巧

8. 考研英语阅读如何找到主旨句

首先，看问句：如果文章以问句开头(并列问句不算)，那么问句就是文章议论的中心话题，找到问题的答案就是我们阅读文章的目的，找到答案了，这篇文章的中心主旨就明确了。而问题的答案要么出现在二段，要么出现在尾段，而且问答的答案应该是具有总结性概括性的句子。例如1996年第四篇阅读理解，文章以问句What accounts for the great outburst of major inventions in early America -- breakthroughs such as the telegraph, the steamboat and the weaving machine?开篇，本文讨论的就是美国早期重要发明爆发的原因，而且在文章的二段，作者就给出了问题的答案，即Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country’s excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal, “spatial” thinking about things technological.在接下来的段落里，作者分别论述了每一个原因。这篇文章的整体结构一目了然。

其次，看转折：我们都知道转折后面比转折前面的内容更重要，所以，如果文章开头(首段及二段首)提出某个论点，而后面紧跟着出现了转折内容，那么转折后内容才是文章的主旨。例如2003年第四篇阅读理解首段首句指出It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional.此句表明，美国的医疗水平很高，死亡在美国是可以选择的，而且从第二句开始就举各种实例力证美国的医疗水平到底有多高，但是在首段尾句，作者话锋一转，又说But not even a great health-care system can cure death -- and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.而且在二段首句也表明Death is normal;这就表明，这篇文章并不是要去歌颂赞扬美国高超的医疗水平的，而是要告诉我们，无论多么伟大的医疗体系都不能治愈死亡，我们要面对这个现实，死亡是正常的。本文的主旨句是首段尾句的转折句。

再次，看例子，俗语或者名人名言，文章开篇如果就举例子，那么一定是抛砖引玉，例子就是为了引出文章主旨的，同样，如果文章以名言开篇，也是一样。文章主旨句即例子、俗语或名言后面那一句话。例如2008年第三篇阅读理解，首段以NBA球员张伯伦的身高的例子开篇In the early 1960s, Wilt Chamberlain was one of the only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42…一直到段末结束，都在举例，二段首出现The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing.二段首句即首段例子结束后的那一句主旨句，这一句不仅是例子结束后那一句，而且还是一句表让步转折的句子，所以一定是文章主旨句，体育界的这种趋势正在掩盖一个不为人知的事实：即美国人已经停止生长了。

最后，如果文章开头没有问句，转折，例子，俗语和名言，那么文章的主旨句往往就是首段首句，因为西方人的写作方式及思维方式多是开门见山型的，所以一般首段首句就会交代中心论点，后面再举例论证。例如2003年第三篇阅读理解，文章开头部分并没有我们前面所说的问句转折等内容，而是再首段首句直接抛出讨论的话题In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into supersystems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly.即近些年来，铁路公司的不断合并引起了人们对垄断的普遍担忧。