15科技英语阅读解析
Unit 1 Life Science Text A Human Cloning Text B Are We 10 Yea Away from Artificial Life？
Unit 2 Biological Engineering Text A How Stem Cells Work？ Text B Taking Your Genes in Hand
Unit 3 New Energy TextA Ethanol, Schmethanol Text B The Coming Wave
Unit 4 Traportation Text A Intelligent Highways Text B Making Waves
Unit 5 New Facilities Text A Facial Recognition Systems Text B GPS--the Most Precise Navigation System Ever Invented
Unit 6 Telecommunication Text A Video Conferencing Cell Phones Text B You Are Your Cell Phone
Unit 7 Space Text A Stahip Enterprise: the Next Generation Text B Phoenix to Go Digging on Red Planet
Unit 8 Health and Medicine Text A Telemedicine Comes Home Text B Would a \Fat Tax\ Save Lives？
Unit 9 Internet Text A The Internet Is Sick... But We Can Make It Better Text B Watching While You Surf
Unit 10 VR Technology Text A The Military Applicatio of Virtual Reality Text B Reality, Only Better
Unit 11 Robots Text A Rise of the Rat-brained Robots Text B Nothing to Lose But Their Chai
Unit 12 Environment Text A Future Crops: the Other Greenhouse Effect Text B The Methane Mystery
Unit 13 Animals Text A Jellyfish Invasion Text B Who Belongs in the Zoo？
Unit 14 Computer Science Text A Software That Makes Software Better Text B From Blueprint to Database
Unit 15 Automobile Text A How Hydrogen-Boosted Gasoline Engine Works？ Text B The Car Doctor Is In
⑵ 高考英语阅读理解答案
高考英语阅读理解答案
新的高中英语教学大纲明确规定："侧重提高阅读能力"。纵观近几年的高考英语试题，我们不难看出，阅读理解能力是高考考查的重点，自始至终占着主导地位，并且有逐年增加的趋势。可以毫不夸张地说，做好阅读理解题，是获得高考英语高分的关键!
第一篇：
Since the 1970s, scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers. Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines.
Recently, two researchers, Jose Millan and Michele Tavella from the Federal Polytechnic School in Lausanne, Switzerland, demonstrated (展示) a small robotic wheelchair directed by a person's thoughts.
In the laboratory, Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right hand. He could even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts.
“Our brain has billions of nerve cells. These send signals through the spinal cord (脊髓) to the muscles to give us the ability to move. But spinal cord injuries or other conditions can prevent these weak electrical signals from reaching the muscles.” Tavella says. “Our system allows disabled people to communicate with external world and also to control devices.”
The researchers designed a special cap for the user. This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp (头皮) and sends them to a computer. The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair. The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path. They help the computer react to commands from the brain.
Prof. Millan, the team leader, says scientists keep improving the computer software that interprets brain signals and turns them into simple commands. “The practical possibilities that BCI technology offers to disabled people can be grouped in two categories: communication, and controlling devices. One example is this wheelchair.”
He says his team has set two goals. One is testing with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from. And the other is to guarantee that they can use the technology over long periods of time.
1.BCI is a technology that can ________.
A. help to update computer systems
B. link the human brain with computers
C. help the disabled to recover
D. control a person's thoughts
2.How did Tavella operate the wheelchair in the laboratory?
A. By controlling his muscles.
B. By talking to the machine.
C. By moving his hand.
D. By using his mind.
3.Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph 5?
A. scalp→computer→cap→wheelchair
B. computer→cap→scalp→wheelchair
C. scalp→cap→computer→wheelchair
D. cap→computer→scalp→wheelchair
4.The team will test with real patients to ________.
A. make profits from them
B. prove the technology useful to them
C. make them live longer
D. learn about their physical condition
5.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A. Switzerland, the BCI Research Center
B. New Findings About How the Human Brain Works
C. BCI Could Mean More Freedom for the Disabled
D. Robotic Vehicles Could Help to Cure Brain Injuries
第二篇：
Homestay provides English language students with the opportunity to speak English outside the classroom and the experience of being part of a British home.
What to Expect
The host will provide accommodation and meals.Rooms will be cleaned and bedcovers changed at least once a week.You will be given the house key and the host is there to offer help and advice as well as to take an interest in your physical and mental health.
Accommodation Zones
Homestays are located in London mainly in Zones 2, 3 and 4 of the transport system.Most hosts do not live in the town centre as much of central London is commercial and not residential(居住的) .Zones 3 and 4 often offer larger accommodation in a less crowded area.It is very convenient to travel in London by Underground.
Meal Plans Available
◇Continental Breakfast
◇Breakfast and Dinner
◇Breakfast, Packed Lunch and Dinner
It's important to note that few English families still provide a traditional cooked breakfast.Your accommodation includes Continental Breakfast which normally consists of fruit juice，cereal (谷物类食品), bread and tea or coffee.Cheese, fruit and cold meat are not normally part of a Continental Breakfast in England.Dinners usually consist of meat or fish with vegetables followed by dessert, fruit and coffee.
Friends
If you wish to invite a friend over to visit, you must first ask your host's permission.You have no right to entertain friends in a family home as some families feel it is an invasion of their privacy.
SelfCatering Accommodation in Private Homes
Accommodation on a room-only basis includes shared kitchen and bathroom facilities and often a main living room.This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle and is more suitable for the long-stay student.However, it does not provide the same family atmosphere as an ordinary homestay and may not benefit those who need to practise English at home quite as much.
1.The passage is probably written for ________.
A.hosts willing to receive foreign students
B.foreigners hoping to build British culture
C.travellers planning to visit families in London
D.English learners applying to live in English homes
2.Which of the following will the host provide?
A.Room cleaning.
B.Medical care.
C.Free transport.
D.Physical training.
3.What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?
A.Zone 4 is more crowded than Zone 2.
B.The business centre of London is in Zone 1.
C.Hosts dislike travelling to the city centre.
D.Accommodation in the city centre is not provided.
4.According to the passage, what does Continental Breakfast include?
A.Dessert and coffee.
B.Fruit and vegetables.
C.Bread and fruit juice.
D.Cereal and cold meat.
5.Why do some people choose self-catering accommodation?
A.To experience a warmer family atmosphere.
B.To enrich their knowledge of English.
C.To entertain friends as they like.
D.To enjoy much more freedom.
>>>>>>答案与解析<<<<<<
第一篇：
1.B细节理解题。根据第一段可知，自20世纪70年代以来，科学家一直寻找途径能将人脑与电脑相连。BCI技术能帮助残疾人向机器发送指令。故此处B项正确。而C项只是部分正确，虽然能帮助残疾人，但却不能帮他们康复。
2.D细节理解题。根据第三段可知Tavella只是思考动他的左右手就能操作这个轮椅。甚至当他观察这台机器时就能进行交流，也能用他的思想指导机器人工作。因此机器人是在人脑的思想支配下进行工作的。故D项正确。
3.C细节理解题。根据第五段可知，首先研究人员为用户设计一种特殊的帽子，它会捕捉头皮发出的信号并将其传给电脑。电脑将这些信号进行分析翻译，给监控下的机器人轮椅发出指令。机器人轮椅装有两部摄像头能识别信号路径中的物体，从而帮助电脑对人脑的指令作出反应。故此处C项正确。
4.B推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“One is testing with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from”可知，在患者身上进行实验是他们团队工作的一个目标，旨在证明这项技术对他们有益。故正确答案选B项。
5.C主旨大意题。本文为科技说明文，开篇点题。介绍科学家研究的这项新技术BCI，对残疾人大有裨益。故正确答案为C项。
第二篇：
1.D主旨大意题。由第一段第一句可知，Homestay为学习英语的学生提供在课堂外说英语的机会和成为英国家庭成员的体验。再结合文章的内容可推知这篇文章不是为愿意接受英国学生的主人写的，也不是为那些希望建设英国文化的外国人以及计划参观伦敦家庭的参观者写的。大概是为那些申请在英国人家中居住的英语学习者写的。
2.A细节理解题。由第二段第二句可知A项的叙述符合题意。主人能够提供的东西主要在第二段进行论述，该段并没有告诉读者主人将为入住者提供医疗护理、免费交通和身体训练。
3.B推理判断题。由第三段倒数第二句可知Zone 3和Zone 4不像Zone 2那么拥挤，由此排除A项;第二句只说明人们不喜欢居住在市中心，并没有说人们不去市中心，由此排除C项;本段只是提到市中心拥挤，并没有说到居住在市中心的'家庭不为学生提供食宿，由此排除D项。
4.C细节理解题。由第四段中的Continental Breakfast which normally consists of fruit juice，cereal，bread and tea or coffee可知，A项、B项和D项的叙述是错误，只有C项中的Bread and fruit juice是里面的内容。故选C项。
5.D细节理解题。由最后一段第二句中的This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle可知Self-Catering Accommodation 能够为住宿者提供更多的自由，这与D项的叙述一致。A项、B项和C项的内容均没有在最后一段提及，故排除。
;⑶ 12月英语四级阅读解析：硅谷之所以为硅谷
2015年12月英语四级阅读解析：硅谷之所以为硅谷
2015年12月19日全国大学英语四级考试已结束，本次考试为多题多卷，以下是2015年12月英语四级阅读解析：
首先，我们通过文章可以了解到，该篇阅读的主要内容与之前四级考试所关注的阅读文章的`主题类似，也是关于科技话题的。在这篇文章中，作者主要阐释了硅谷之所以成为硅谷的不可替代和复制性。主要原因为：(1)rich people;(2)nerds。是这两个原因成就了硅谷。文章中，作者拿硅谷和迈阿密、康奈尔及波士顿进行了对比，总结得出：其他的三个城市之所以不能成为硅谷第二的原因。
接下来，我们就第一篇阅读的答案选项和各位同学一起分享下：
第56题，what do we learn about Silicon Valley from the passage? 这道题目直接可以定位到文中的第一段中：Could you please reproce Silicon Valley elsewhere， or is there something unique about it? 然后在下文中，作者又进一步的指出了硅谷不可代替性的原因。所以答案选项为：Its success is hard to anywhere else
第57题，what makes Miami unfit to proce a Silicon Valley? 这道题目可以定位到原文中的第五段，文中直接指出：it has few nerds。 It is not the kind of place nerds like。 这样就可以直接选出：Lack of the right kind of talents。
第58题，In what way is Carnegie-Mellon different from Stanford， Berkeley and MIT? 根据题干信息，我们可以直接定位到文中的第六和七段：the weather is terrible， particular in winter， and there ‘s no interesting old city to make up for it， as there is in Boston。 所以选项很明了：Its location is not as attractive to rich people
第59题，what does the author imply about Boston? 这道题的关键就在于the weather is terrible， particular in winter， and there ‘s no interesting old city to make up for it， as there is in Boston中的as一词，这里as 后引导的是 there is no interesting old city to make up for it in Boston。所以正确选项为：what does the author59.It is not likely to attract lots of investors and nerds
say about startup investors? 这道题在文中定位到最后一段：startup investors are a distinct 。。。。。。as well as money。 这样该题正确选项为：They can do more than providing money
希望以上答案能够给各位考生提供参考帮助，且预祝各位考生考试成功。
;⑷ 科技英语阅读的介绍
科技英语阅读，作者金焕荣，苏州大学出版社2002年出版。以开拓视野、扩充科技信息、提高英语阅读能力为宗旨，力求做到以下内容新颖、知识面广、趣味性强、提高英语水平。为此，在每课之后都安排了翔实的注释和一定量的练习，以帮助读者抓住重点，一步一个脚印，学得更加扎实。
⑸ 英语阅读理解一篇
1.T 文中说了they will turn themselves off and on again when you return
2.T 全文都是说的科技带来的便利。
3.F 最后说的You will open the door using your personal card。还是有钥匙的。
4.F 文中没说版人被电脑控制的事权
5.F 文章只说了科技带来的便利，没说科技的发展问题。此题容易混淆。
⑹ 谈阅读理解科技英语的技巧|高中英语阅读理解100篇
摘 要:英语教学中常会遇到科技英语文章,本文主要谈及了在时行科技英语文章阅读时常见的问题及解决办法。关键词:科技英语 阅读理解技巧中图分类号:G420 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1672-3791(2012)06(a)-0168-01
在英语教学中常会遇到科技英语文章,科技英语包含大量事实信息,因此学生即要从课文中获取信息又要透彻地理解课文。这就需要学生知识量要大,也要有方法。学生在阅读时会遇到迹知以下几点问题。
(1)词义的理解在阅读材料时一个棘手的问题就是遇到生词,下面就谈三个方法帮助学生理解。
1)查词典,这是最好的途径,因为查词典能找到词汇的精确含义,但教师必须教学生如何更有效地使用词典,查出生词的准确意思。这种方法的不足之处是拢乱阅读的连续性。
2)利用构词法破解,看看基本的词干,或前缀,后缀的基本含义猜出生词的大致含义。
3)根据上下文的线索找出含义,文法是从生词周围的词,词组、短词或标点符号中找,有四类。①定义:术语在文章中很容易被下定义。②经验:利用学生的经验来猜想词义。③对姿桐消照:当两个词对比时,其中一个词是已知的话,另一个词就容易得如了。④推断:足够的线索有助于猜出生词词义。
以上三种理解词义的方法很重要,要鼓励学生分析词汇,利用上下文线索获取生词词义,后两种方法行不通时,就需要了。
(2)句子的理解方法当学轮晌生阅读科技文章时,可能每个词都认识,但整个句却理解不通,特别是长句和复杂的句子,因此影响理解,以下是四种:1)句子分析:当遇不理解的句子时首先要拆解句子。识别出句型,找出主导动词,中心主语(不包含修饰语),如果动词后面跟宾语或补语时,必须找到中心宾语、补语。2)标点认识线索:象词汇一样,标点符号也能表达作者的思想,因此学生要通晓标点的含义及用法,用这些知识来判断词汇及全句的含义。3)认识相应词语:科技文章中常用相应词语,为了避免重复,这些相应词语包括人称代词,指示代名词,和名词method,technique,process等等。4)认知信号语:句子中的信号语是一个词或短语在句子与句子之间,段落与段落之间起一个承上启下的桥梁作用,学生会有时没认识到这些词语的重要性,结果阅读理解文章时就出现了困难,因此要彻底弄清这些词语表示或指示的含义。以下就是常见到的信号语。
①表附加的and,as well as,and also,besides,apart from,in addition to,moreover,furthermore。②表因果关系的accordingly,hence,e to,as a result,so , therefore,thus,as a consequence,so that,with the result that,because of,owing to,in view of,on account of。③表条件的if,when,unless,provided。④表对照的but,though,although,still,yet,despite,even though,in contrast。⑤表假设的possibly,probably,perhaps。⑥表对比的like,unlike,likewise,in the same way,in the same manner,similarly。⑦表强调的above all,particularly,especially,in particular。⑧表顺序的in the beginning,first,later,then,next,later on,eventually,ultimately。⑨表举例的for example,that is,namely,such as。
(3)段落分析学生们有时每句话能理解,但段落大意却说不清楚,这是因为对段落结构不太了解,因此必须弄清段落结构及给出的信息,有四种方法有助于理解段落的含义。
1)找论题目:学生要弄清段落是关于什么内容,很可能一句话或一个词汇就概括了本段的内容,那么这句话或这个词汇被称为论题,论题简洁准确。
2)找主题思想,如果一个段落没有主要的论题句,学生必须学会自己组织语言来描述段落大意。
3)找主要例证:学生要学会找到既能体现主题思想的例证,也应知道这些例证的作用,例证有许多种。①下定义例证:这些例证通过分类来展开主题思想,学生就掌握这种分类类型,信号词如下:as follows,furthermore,moreover,also,and,either…or,neither…nor,in addition,first,second,next,the other,another。②解释例证:这种例证展开主题思想是通过解释和描述,一般说来是说明程度大小,形式、性能和功能等。③举例例证:这种例证是通过事实例证,信号词如下:that is,for example, for instance,such as,include。④对例证:这种例证是通过比较物体或概念的异同,信号词如下:like,unlike,similarly,in the same way,in the same manner,likewise。⑤因果例证:通过因果关系展开主题思想,信号词如下if,in consequence,consequently,so,as a result,therefore,for this reason,thus,since,because,accordingly,hence,the cause,the effect,the result,that is why。⑥再陈述例证:通过另一种方式重复论证阐述主题思想,信号词:in other words,that is,in conclusion,in brief,in short,etc。
4)找次要例证:学生要学会找次要例证来补充加强主要论证:
⑺ 高考英语阅读理解训练题
高考英语阅读理解训练题
英语学习的基本目的是继续打好语言基本功，进一步扩大知识面，培养英语综合技能，充实文化知识，提高交际能力上。下面是我整理的高考英语阅读理解，希望能帮到大家!
阅读理解【1】
Five Ways to Work Smarter, Not Harder
No matter how hard we work, it seems that there is never enough time to get all the important tasks done. Rather than working longer, consider working smarter, not harder. Here are some ways to work smarter:
Make a careful plan. Just like every organization needs a business plan, an efficient worker needs a work plan. 36 Schele your tasks throughout the days, weeks, and months, but do it ahead of time.
Set your goals. As a part of your work plan, you should set clear and measurable goals. Goals should state which tasks are to be completed and when they get completed. Rather than setting firm deadlines, which can lead to pressure and stress, allow a period of time to reach goals. 37
38 Develop a consistent daily work schele and stick to it! If a typical workday consists of some writing tasks(emails, reports), one-on-one meetings, and processing data, set aside specific time each day to accomplish each kind of tasks.
Delegate(分派工作)effectively. 39 The person who tries to do everything himself or herself not only is overloaded and overstressed, but is bad for their colleagues, by not allowing them to be challenged and grow by taking on important ties.
Don’t make work harder than it actually is. Much of the pressure is proced by ourselves. __40 We feel like we should do more. Remember that tasks should be completed step by step. Focus on each step rather than on the entire project, which can help us cut down on feelings that we are overwhelmed.
A. Stick to your plan.
B. We set unrealistic goals or standards for ourselves.
C. Also, take time to reward yourself for achieving a goal.
D. Organize your workday.
E. We cannot expect to complete the tasks quickly.
F. Learn which tasks can be delegated and which need personal attention.
G. It is a well-thought-out plan to help guide and direct work activities.
【答案】GCDFB
【解析】36.本段主要是强调计划的重要性，前句提到工作需要计划，那么下句就是关于什么样的计划有用，It is a well-thought-out plan to help guide and direct work activities.符合上文。故选G。
37.本段主要是关于设定目标，下文应该是：实现一个目标的'时候，花些时间奖励自己。故选C。
38.根据下文“Develop a consistent daily work schele and stick to it!”可知，要组织好你的工作日。故选D。
39.根据本段中小标题Delegate(分派工作)effectively.可知，要知道哪些任务可以分派，哪些需要个别关注。故选F。
40.本段主要是关于不要对自己要求过高，工作过于努力，要符合实际。这里应该是：我们为自己设定了不合实际的目标或标准。故选B。
【点评】本文介绍了五个可以让你更加聪明地工作的方法。
阅读理解【2】
For centuries Stonehenge has mystified and enraptured archaeologists and visitors. So maybe it is not surprising that another monumental wonder from prehistory has been overlooked for so long – even though it is just a mile away.
Experts have discovered an ‘extraordinary’ line of giant stones that dates back more than 4,500 years. The area around Stonehenge is littered with prehistoric sights but the 90 or more stones, lying 3ft underground, have only just been discovered by sophisticated radar equipment towed by radar equipment.
The buried monoliths are each up to 15ft tall. Instead of being arranged in a circle as they are at Stonehenge, it is thought they once formed a long standing line.
‘We are looking at one of the largest stone monuments in Europe and it has been under our noses for something like 4,000 years,’ said Professor Vince Gaffney, from the University of Bradford, one of the archaeologists leading the research. ‘It’s truly remarkable. We don’t think there’s anything quite like this anywhere else in the world. This is completely new and the scale is extraordinary.”
Prof. Gaffney believes the stones may have been planted by the same people who built Stonehenge, but he doubts whether there is a direct link between the two monuments.
These stones were placed along a steep slope, cut into a natural dry valley to form a C-shaped feature.
Precisely why the stones were put there remains a mystery. The archaeologists believe that at some stage the stones were pushed over. This was not done to damage the monument but rather to preserve whatever it was about the stones that seemed so important. “There was a transformation in the landscape that we do not understand,” Prof. Gaffney said. “The stones had significance. These were special places. Societies were organized, as with the great cathedrals, to create these things.”
33. What have experts found according to Paragraph 2?
A. An observation post. B. Underground stones.
C. An ancient cemetery. D. A sacrificial site.
34. What can we know about Stonehenge from the passage?
A. A post history wonder confused archaeologists centuries.
B. The mystery of Stonehenge has been solved.
C. The stones might have some connections with the Stonehenge.
D. It is the largest stone monument all over the world.
35. Which sentence is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Such stone monument is common all around the world.
B. The stones might serve for a certain purpose.
C. The stones were ed into a plain.
D. The stones pushed over were to rece the height of the monument.
【答案】BCB
【解析】33.细节理解题。根据文章第二段的句子“The area around Stonehenge is littered with prehistoric sights but the 90 or more stones, lying 3ft underground,”可知，专家发现了一些地下的石头。故选B。
34.细节理解题。根据文章第五段的句子“Prof. Gaffney believes the stones may have been planted by the same people who built Stonehenge, but he doubts whether there is a direct link between the two monuments.”可知，这些石头有可能和巨石阵有某些联系。故选C。
35.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的句子“The stones had significance. These were special places. Societies were organized, as with the great cathedrals, to create these things.”可知，这些石头可能起着某种作用。故选B。
【点评】文章介绍离著名的巨石阵不远处专家发现一群地下的石头，它们的形状和规模让专家很惊讶，专家正在对它们的作用做研究。
阅读理解【3】
Marvin Minsky is often called the Father of Artificial Intelligence. His work helped inspire the creation of the personal computer and the Internet.
Artificial Intelligence
Before Minsky, computers were more like calculators, performing math operations at speeds much faster than humans. Minsky was the first to say that computers can one day be as intelligent as human beings. He was so convinced about this, that in 1959, he and his friend John McCarthy invented the term “Artificial Intelligence” at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Minsky wrote a book called Perceptrons, describing a particular type of “artificial neural(神经的) network”. Neural networks have made a comeback in a new field of Computer Science called Deep Learning. Deep Learning is used to recognize things and people in pictures , language translation( try Google Translate sometimes), and so on.
Robotics, Microscopes and Virtual Reality
How many of you have done Robotics at school and loved it? You have Minsky to thank again, for his work on Robotics. One of his biggest inventions was the confocal scanning microscope, an instrument that is still widely used today in medical and scientific research.
Minsky was really futuristic. He created one of the first head-mounted graphics displays(头戴式图形显示), which gave rise to the exciting area of Virtual Reality.
Minsky’s major prediction that computers will one day become as intelligent as humans is now called the Theory of Singularity.
29. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Minsky himself invented the term “Artificial Intelligence” in MIT.
B. Minsky transformed computer into a machine more intelligent than human beings.
C. Apart from Information Technology, Minsky’s invention is also used in medical field.
D. Minsky invented a headset, with which players can play games in a 3-D environment.
30. Which is NOT the function of Deep Learning?
B. Spot items in Google Photos.
C. Summarize main idea of a passage. D. Translate English into French.
31. Which is NOT one of Minsky’s characteristics according to the passage?
A. Farsighted. B. Creative. C. Pioneering. D. Considerate.
32. In which section of a newspaper can you read this passage?
A. Technology. B. Travel. C. Environment. D. Life.
【答案】CCDA
【解析】29.细节理解题。根据文章第四段的句子“One of his biggest inventions was the confocal scanning microscope, an instrument that is still widely used today in medical and scientific research.”可知，除了信息科技，Minsky的发明也用在医学领域。故选C。
30.细节理解题。根据文章第三段的句子“Deep Learning is used to recognize things and people in pictures , language translation( try Google Translate sometimes), and so on.”可知，Deep Learning包括ABD，不包括总结文章的大意。故选C。
31.细节理解题。根据文章第一段的句子“His work helped inspire the creation of the personal computer and the Internet.”可知，Minsky是有创造力的;根据第二段的“Minsky was the first to say that computers can one day be as intelligent as human beings.”可知，Minsky是有远见的和开创性的。文章没有提到Minsky是考虑周到的。故选D。
32.推理判断题。文章介绍被称为人工智能之父的Marvin Minsky在信息科技方面做出的贡献。所以是出自报纸的科技版面，故选A。
【点评】文章介绍被称为人工智能之父的Marvin Minsky在信息科技方面做出的贡献。
;⑻ 科技英语阅读段落翻译，力求信达雅 The Computer Revolution In 1900,
计算机革命
1900年,他们从未想过…
1944年Harvard-IBM马克我电脑
1946年,24-metre长ENIAC计算机
1964年,IBM大型机系统360
1965年,数字PDP-8通用微型计算机
1974 Altair 8800通用微型计算机和通信系统ARPANET
1981年,IBM个人电脑
1900年,他们从没想过…计算机和小型化。由于越来越多的记忆能力通过越来越小的硅片加工,大型计算机,需要一个大房间成了桌面计算机和工作站,最终甚至有更大的能力。
革命性的个人计算机的引入IBM的个人电脑(PC)在1981年,蔓延到2.45亿个人电脑用户,到本世纪末。电脑不仅是文字处理器、业务组织者,研究和教育工具,研究中心和游戏玩家,但允许通过互联网全球通信。
⑼ 科技英语翻译的客观性与目的性分析论文
科技英语翻译的客观性与目的性分析论文
在现实的学习、工作中，大家都不可避免地要接触到论文吧，通过论文写作可以提高我们综合运用所学知识的能力。还是对论文一筹莫展吗？下面是我整理的科技英语翻译的客观性与目的性分析论文，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。
科技英语翻译的客观性与目的性分析论文
科技人员在研究和解决科学技术问题时，总是要从客观事物出发，怎样浅析科技英语翻译的客观性与目的性?
引言
在日新月异的科技信息时代，绝大多数的科技文献都是英语文献，而科技英语是一种独立的文体，科技英语以议论文或者说明文为主，其行文简洁流畅，客观缜密，逻辑明确，清晰简练。科学英语涉及科学技术以及事物发展的客观规律，具有科研性与科普性两重性质。因此，在翻译过程中，为了是不同受众达到最有效的接收效果，翻译人员在进行科技英语文献翻译时，务必使用正确适宜的翻译方法与策略，准确反映原文，使从事科学技术研究人员尽可能得到最接近一手资料的信息;反之而言，在科普性英语翻译时，其受众为平常人，这时应注重目的性，宜使用通顺流畅，客观易于理解的翻译手段进行阐释说明。
一、科技英语的文体特点分析及其客观性
科学英语的文体语言特点决定了其翻译的客观性。文体学是一门运用现代语言学理论和方法研究文体的科学，是一门研究语言的表达效果的学问。20世纪70年代，韩礼德在他的系统功能文体学模式里，主张把语言连同社会和人一起加以考察和研究，提出了“语域”理论。韩礼德的"语域"是指使用特有的一种语言(如科技英语本文由、商务英语)的社会文化群体。由此可以推及科技英语是科学技术文化群体中所特有的一种英语，是现代英语的一种功能变体，其与普通英语( English for general purpose)的差异，不仅表现在目的和意义方面，而且表现在词语用法、句子组成和篇章的构建方面。而在科技英语中，普及科普知识，完整传递科技信息，清晰明确描述科学问题，准确表达客观规律是科技英语的基本要求与重大作用。其语言结构简洁凝练，客观准确。其语言文体特点如下，强调其客观性与准确性：
1.大量采用被动语态。科技人员在研究和解决科学技术问题时，总是要从客观事物出发，注重探索事物本身内在的客观规律，探寻和求证事实与方法、性能与特征等。这是由科学技术的本质决定的，因此，科技文献自然会大量采用以客观事物、研究对象为句子主语的句式，再翻译人员进行翻译操作时，要尽可能避免采用第一、二人称或施事者为主语的主动语句，以避免因过多使用这类“人称句”而造成主观臆断的印象。最大程度遵循科技英语翻译的客观性。
2.科技文章大量使用一般现在时，英语对客观现象的描述，而现在时的主要价值就在于表明句子或者段落中所陈述的命题内容的真实性。科技文章一般现在时贯穿始终，用来说明普遍真理，阐释科学定义与理论，解释方程式，公式及图表等，目的在于给人们以准确无误的“无时间性概念”，以排除任何与时间牵连的误解，使行文更加生动准确。
3.在修辞方面与专业术语方面，科技英语用于准确传达科学技术信息，使读者客观准确地接受理解，而不是产生无关的联想，因此在科技英语翻译中，不要经常出现各种修辞手法，翻译时语法以陈述为主，语言简明扼要，逻辑严密，规范严谨。当需要避免武断或要表述建议，命令，禁止等意义时，也经常使用虚拟语气或者祈使句。
英语科技术语的特点是词义繁多，专业性强，翻译时必须根据专业内容谨慎处理，稍不注意就会造成很大的错误。
综合以上三个方面，在科技英语翻译过程中，翻译人员需对时态语态，词汇语篇等方面重视，尊重原文的客观性，忠实原文，必须保持原文与译文的等值关系，科技文书，术语等书面文字作为科技事物中的重要文字依据在翻译过程中必须语义确切，论证周详，严格遵循客观准确原则。如有的人把“the newly developed picture tub”(最新研制成功的显象管)错译为“新近被发展了画面管”;又有人把“a unique instant-picture system”(独特的瞬时显象装置)错译为“独快的图象系统”等等。
二、从功能目的论角度分析科技英语翻译的目的性
功能派翻译理论20世纪70年代产生于德国.首先，凯瑟林娜.赖斯(Katharina REiss)在她1971年出版的《翻译批评的可能性与限制》(Possibilitiesand Limitationsin Translation Criticism)一书中提出了功能派理论思想的雏形。此后，赖斯的学生汉斯.威密尔(Hans Vermeer)摆脱以原语为中心的等值论的束缚，创立了功能派的奠基理论：翻译的目的论(Skopos Theory)。在整个翻译过程中，应优先考虑文本功能和文本接受者。
在科技翻译中，翻译目的可以指整体翻译行为，也可以指翻译行为的结果即译文，也可以指某一具体的翻译单位和翻译策略。科技英语这种信息型文本意在向读者告知真实世界的客观物体和现象，而语言和文本形式的选择必须服从于这一功能。而英汉两种语言，由于表达方式不尽相同，在具体英译汉时，有时往往需要转换一下句子成分，才能使译达到逻辑正确、通顺流畅、重点突出等目的'。如：
1.转译，此句中可以将句子的主语转译成汉语中的定语、宾语、状语等。
例如：The wings are responsible for keeping the sir plane in the air.
机翼的用途是使飞机在空中保持不坠。(转译成定语)
2.大量使用名词化结构
例如： The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night.
地球绕轴自转，引起昼夜的变化。
名词化结构the rotation of the earth on its own axis 使复合句简化成简单句，而且使表达的概念更加确切严密。
3.广泛使用被动语句
例如： Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.
应当注意机器的工作温度。
4.非限定性动词
例如：A body can more uniformly and in a straight line，there being no cause to change that motion.
如果没有改变物体运动的原因，那么物体将作匀速直线运动。
三、结语
综上所述，在信息革命时代，一方面，国外各种先进科技亟待我们去了解学习，另一方面，随着我国科技界在世界地位的不断提升，国内的技术成果正以前所未有的速度走向国际。科技翻译作为各国科技工作者沟通的工具，其重要作用毋庸置疑。准确掌握科技文体的特征与风格，遵循其客观性，尽可能使译文接近原文，严禁清晰;与此同时，掌握理解翻译理论，从目的性出发，译出具有针对性，实用性的译本。
拓展阅读：科技英语翻译的逻辑性和准确性论文
随着社会的发展，科技创新日新月异，新科技在社会经济建设中的运用达到了新的高度。随之而来的频繁的对外交流使得科技英语翻译受到越来越多的关注。科技英语翻译的准确性要求也越来越高。
一、科技英语的定义
科技英语(EST:English for Science and Technology)，是特殊用途英语(ESP:English for Special Purposes)的一个重要分支。它通常是指科学家、工程技术人员等为了客观记录自然现象的发展过程或交流专业意见、信息数据、实验报告等而使用的语言。内容上，经常包括数学语言、图表语言等。措辞上，经常使用典型句式及大量的专业术语。这两者也更加决定了其文体风格:准确、简明、严谨。
二、科技英语翻译的准确性
科技英语翻译的准确性是指要忠于原文，即准确表达原文内容，除此之外，还要求其文字准确无误，通顺易懂。我国著名翻译家严复一直倡导的“信、达、雅”中，“信” 即“忠实”，要准确完整地表达原作者的思想内容。科技文书多是书面语言，目的是使读者容易理解而不产生太多的想象，在翻译过程中必须严谨、简洁，决不可卖弄文字，随意堆砌华丽的辞藻，也不要求考虑朗读和吟诵。例如:Hot air rises(热空气上升)。如若译为“炽热空气上升”，虽然复合中文四六骈体的传统，但是却破坏了科技英语翻译的风格与规则。再如:
“Amplification means the transformation of little currents into big ones， without distortion of the shape of the current fluctuation.”
译文:(1)放大意味着由小电流到大电流的转变，而电流起伏的形状没有歪斜。
(2)所谓放大，就是把小电流变为大电流，而不使波形失真。
很显然，两种翻译都是与原文对应的，但是第二种翻译显得更加通顺、自然，贴切原作的精髓。
三、科技英语翻译的逻辑性
逻辑特质是翻译活动的重要思维特征之一，它是翻译活动不可或缺的。而科技英语的特点使得逻辑性在科技英语翻译中显得尤为重要的。
(一)复合句、长句的翻译
科技文章用语表达科学理论、规律、概述以及事物之间错综的关系，阐述事理逻辑性强，这样复杂的科学思维只能用语法结构复杂的长句来代替简单句。因此，在翻译过程中，可以按照汉语习惯破成适当的分句来理清思路，以达到严复的“达”、“雅”准则。例如:
The moon is a world that is completely and utterly dead， a sterile mountainous waste on which ring the heat of the day the sun blazed down with relentless fury， but where ring the long night the cold is so intense that it far surpasses anything ever experienced on the earth.
译文:月球完全是一个毫无生气的世界，是一片多山的不毛之地。在酷热的白昼，太阳向它倾泻着无情的热焰，而漫长的严寒却远远不是我们在地球上所能体验到的。
该句句子结构复杂，但关系清楚，逻辑性强。句子含有5个分句，其中一个主句，另外由关系词“that”、“which”、“where”引导三个定语从句，以及一个so…that结构的状语从句。主从句理顺后。本句想要说明的月球的特性就一目了然了。
(二)短句群的翻译
科技英语中也并非多是长句，短句群的出现更显精炼。但是在这一句型翻译过程中，尤其需要理解原句群的逻辑关系，句子与句子之间必须反复推敲，仔细斟酌，根据生活常识和客观道理来验证自己的理解是否有道理，有无纰漏。例如:
“The most powerful travelling telephones are the ones used on ships. Here there is no problem of wEight， as there is on an airplane”.
如果译成:“功率最大的旅行电话是在船上使用的。这里没有重量问题，像在飞机上那样”，则从逻辑上违背常识，很容易让人误解为船舶与飞机对重量的要求是一样的。正确的译文应为:“功率最大的旅行电话可在船上使用，因为船舶上不像飞机上那样存在着重量问题。”
(三)单词的翻译
在科技文章中，同一个英语常用词不仅被多个专业采用，而且含义也各不相同，因此单词词义的理解和选择，要结合整个句子情境，还要借助事理和逻辑关系，顺着作者的思维顺序去寻求等值的译意。现代英国语学派创始人Firth说过:“Each word when used in a new context is a new word.”说得就是要根据上下文正确理解词义。例如:
The colonial powers should first seek the interests of the colonized people and thus indirectly the interests of mankind.
本句由“and”一词连接前后两个部分，但结合上下，第二部分表示的是殖民国这样做之后的结果，所以这里不能简单的翻译为“和”，正确的译文应为:“殖民国应当首先寻求殖民地人民的利益，这样也就间接寻求了人类的利益。”
再如:Like any precision device， the monitor of methane requires careful treatment.
本句中的“treatment”不能简单理解为“待遇”，而要结合整个句子情境，译为:跟任何精密仪器一样，瓦斯监测仪也需要精心维护。
四、结语
如上分析，科技英语不像普通英语那样具有感性形象思维，能随便猜测大意就行。它的目的是要准确表达客观规律，按逻辑思维清晰地描述问题。在翻译过程中，只要把单词理解错，或把句法结构分析错，整个句子就有可能南辕北辙。轻则失去翻译的价值，重则出现巨大经济损失或影响科技发展。因此，在科技英语翻译过程中要严格把控准确性与逻辑性，再加上译者具备的相当的科技专业知识和背景，才能保障科技英语中的原文信息准确无误地表达出来。
功能对等理论视角下的科技英语翻译研究论文
一、引言
随着全球经济信息一体化进程的不断加快，中国与世界其他国家的技术交流日益密切。企业的发展也在不断地引进国外的先进技术和文献。作为一种非文学翻译，科技翻译逐渐成为很多翻译工作者的主要任务。科学家钱三强先生也曾提出:“科技英语在许多国家已经成为现代英语的一个专门的新领域。”随着时代的进步，在一些合资或外资公司甚至专门设有技术翻译(Technical Translation)的职位，可见科技翻译正在逐步占据着翻译市场。
二、功能对等理论与科技翻译的特点
从1953年里乌(R.V. Rieu)首次提出“对等”概念。到1965年，卡特福德(Catford)提出“篇章对等”概念。即翻译的目的就在于在所有潜在的对等译语中寻找与原语最匹配的对等语。原语和译语只要在所涉情景中可以互换,就可以视为翻译对等。“对等”一直都作为一种重要理念存在于西方现代翻译界。对于翻译对等概念做出较为全面论述的是奈达(Eugene Nida)，他认为所谓译文与原文的对等，主要指的是语义上的对等,其次才是是修辞和语言风格上的对等。
无论是汽车英语还是机械英语，都具备着科技英语的普遍特点，即选词和翻译都需要极其准确和严密。科技英语的语言特点非常明显，英语科技文献中多充斥着大量的术语。句式多为长句，无主句或被动语态
因而，科技翻译的难点在于原文巨大的信息量，译者专业知识的限制以及一些专有名词的处理。“英汉两种语言的行文结构、行文习惯完全+—样。英文是形合结构(hypotaxis),汉语则是意合结构(parataxis),两者在句法层面上往往很难兼容。”(何刚强)要实现译文与原文的对等，不仅要在句式和词汇上做必要的调整，一些必要的增删也是在所难免的。这些都是在科技翻译中必须要面对的问题。
三、增词与减词
中西方文化的差异往往会反映在语言上。例如,有很多概念或事物在中国人看来是理所当然的，无需解释，但对外国人来讲就有必要加以说明。更重要的原因是，如同傅雷先生曾经说过，汉民族与西方民族的"mentality"相差太远。“外文都是分析的，散文的;中文却是综合的，诗的。科技翻译中，运用增词和减词可以在一定程度上改善两种语言的差异。由于英文是形合结构，而汉语则是意合结构，翻译时需要补足一些词,或是删去一些词，才能更好的理解原文的意思。在增删的过程中，我们必须遵循的原则即是对等。例如，
⑴原文:For successful customer negotiations
译文:与客户进行价格谈判
⑵原文:Independent
译文:独立性
例一中的for successful是修饰性词语，这在汉语的技术文献中是不必要的，所以译文中删减掉了这一意思而添加了“价格”一词，以实现译文的完整。例二的译文在独立后面加了“性”，用以使译文更符合汉语的表达习惯，实现表意上的对等。
四、专业术语的处理
专业术语是科技英语翻译中的另一个难点。专业术语指的是某一学科领域内的一些惯例性统一固定的词汇。有一些专业术语在国际上是通用的，即其译文是固定统一的，在实际翻译过程中不能任意翻译。如：在科技领域中的“panel”通常表示“仪表板”的意思，而该词在法律领域则表示“陪审员”。又如同为机械领域，“Plant”在某些公司指下设工厂，而在另一些公司却指车间，所指范畴有大小的差异。要清楚文中专业词汇所属的学科领域以及在特定语境下的特殊含义，才能实现译文与原文在表意功能上的对等。
小型术语库的建立和平行文本的使用，是实现专业术语翻译功能对等的一个比较有效的方法。根据原语言文本的来源，在同一领域搜集相关或相似的平行文本，建立小型术语库或进行平行文本的比对，可以在最大程度上避免原文与译文的偏差，从而实现真正意义上的对等。
五、结语
中国与西方国家有着不同的历史文化和风土人情。这样的文化差异也同样反映在科技英语的翻译中。在严谨的科技文献中，如何在不影响原文的严谨性的前提下消除文化差异带来的影响，实现译文与原文的功能对等，对于译者是一个需要认真对待的课题。译者应遵循奈达与纽马克所提出的翻译理论，了解隐藏在科技文本中的文化差异，并设法在翻译过程中通过使译入语与原语的主要信息和功能对等，消除文化差异，从而在最大程度上实现译文的优化。
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