高考生态类英语阅读理解

Ⅰ 六篇英语阅读理解

Unit 8 生态环境类
Passage 1
Green peace has identified global climate change as one of the greatest threats to the planet. Governments and scientists alike have agreed that the problem is real and serious.
Last year at the climate summit in Kyoto, instrialized countries agreed, at least on paper, to rece the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases they pump into the atmosphere. But crucial details, upon which the success or failure of the agreement rests, are still under negotiation, and in the meantime little real action is being taken to address the problem.
Greenpeace is therefore campaigning for governments to face up to their responsibilities and urgently address this problem. The longer action is delayed, the more drastic it will need to be in order to avoid dangerous interference with the planet’s climate from the so-called greenhouse gases.
Governments should be leading the way to a fundamentally new energy direction based on clean renewable energy, like wind or solar power. But at present many governments instead use taxpayers’ money to support the agenda of the companies, which continue to spend billions of dollars on development of coal, oil or gas—the climate-damaging fossil fuels.
Scientists estimate that we can only afford to release a limited amount of carbon into the atmosphere, otherwise, we pass the “safe” limits of climate change. It is at this point that climate change happens so last that ecosystems are unable to adapt. Greenpeace believes that a temperature increase of 1℃ is the absolute maximum that should be at-lowed. The amount of carbon that we can release to keep within these limits can be calculated and is in the range of 112.5 to 337.5 billion tons of carbon over the next 100 years.
But instry already has around four times this amount of carbon—over one thousand billion tons—in existing reserves of oil, coal and gas. This means that three quarters of the oil, coal and gas already found cannot be burned if we want to avoid dangerous climate change. If we continue burning fossil fuels at present levels, the “safe” limit of 1℃will be reached in just 40 years. That is why we have to start recing carbon dioxide emissions immediately and prepare for an orderly phase out of fossil fuels. Greenpeace calls this the “carbon logic”.
The oil companies alone have already found enough oil to cause dangerous climate Change. Yet they continue to look for more. And of course once they have invested in finding the oil, they will not be prepared to give up their right to pump it out and sell it. The effects on the climate could be catastrophic.

1. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Both governments and scientists have realized that global climate change is one of the
greatest threats to the planet.
B. At the climate summit in Kyoto, many countries planned to protect the atmosphere.
C. The atmosphere protection is still in the air.
D. Instrialized countries have reced the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouses they pump into the atmosphere.
2. According to the author, governments should_______.
A. support the companies to continue their development of coal, oil or gas
B. advocate the use of clean renewable energy like wind of solar power
C.not waste taxpayers’ money to develop new energy
D.prohibit the further exploration of the fossil fuels, only allowing the companies to burn the existing reserves already found
3. A suitable title for the passage is________.
A. Green peace’s International Campaign to Save the Climate
B. The Carbon Logic
C. Climate Change
D. Fossil Fuels
4. The author has a（n）________attitude towards our climate.
A. worried B. critical C. negative D. objective
5. What does the word “catastrophic” in Line 4 of the last paragraph mean?
A. far-reaching B. irresponsible
C. disastrous D. irrespective

【答案与解析】
1.D 本文第一段讲到，绿色和平组织认为全球气候变化是对地球的最大威胁之一，政府和科学家都已认识到这一问题非常严重。去年在京都的最高级会议上，发达国家至少在书面上都同意减少二氧化碳和其他引起温室效应的气体在大气中的排放量，可是涉及这一协议成败的关键细节仍在谈判中，同时未见解决这一问题的具体行动。由此可见，A、B、C正确，D不正确。
2.B 第三段第一句话说，政府应该带头使用全新的能源，如风能、太阳能这些清洁、可再利用的能源。故本题选B。
3.A 全文主要讲了绿色和平组织对全球气候变化的担忧，以及呼吁政府承担起自己的责任，立即解决这一问题。因此文章标题应为A。

Ⅱ 高考英语阅读理解题

英语的阅读理解题在考试里占据着半壁江山。下面是我网络整理的高考英语阅读理解题以供大家学习。

高考英语阅读理解题(一)

Most rain forests lie close to the equator(赤道), where the climate is often mild and there are long hours of sunshine. The warmth of the land heats the air above, causing it to rise and tiny drops of water to fall as rain. The rainfall can reach at least 98 inches a year. This wet, warm world with plenty of sunlight is perfect for plants to grow, so the trees grow fast with green leaves all the year round. The trees themselves also have an effect on the climate. They gather water from the soil and pass it out into the air through their leaves. The wet air then forms clouds, which hang over the treetops like smoke. These clouds protect the forest from the daytime heat and night-time cold of nearby deserts, keeping temperatures fit for plant growth.

Rain forests slightly farther away from the equator remain just as warm, but they have a dry season of three months or more when little rain falls. Tree leaves fall ring this dry season and new leaves grow when the wet season or monsoon(雨季) begins. Thus these areas are known as the "monsoon forest".

Another type of rain forest grows on tropical mountains. It is often called the "cloud forest" because clouds often hang over the trees like fog.

The rain forest is the ideal place for the growth of many different trees. Most of them depend on animals to eat their fruits and spread their seeds. When the fruits are eaten, the seeds inside them go undamaged through animals' stomachs and are passed out in their droppings. The seeds lying on the forest floor then grow into new trees.

64. The climate of the rain forests near the equator is ______.

A. mild, wet and windy B. hot, rainy and foggy C. hot, wet and cloudy D. warm, wet and sunny

65. We can learn from the passage that ______.

A. tree leaves are green all the time in the monsoon forest

B. there is a dry season in the cloud forest on tropical mountains

C. clouds help the plants in the rain forests near the deserts to grow

D. the formation of climate in the rain forest has little to do with the trees

66. According to the passage, ______ play the most important role in the spreading of seeds.

A. animals B. droppings C. fruits D. winds

67. This passage is most likely to be found in _______.

A. a travel guide B. a story book C. a technical report D. a geographical book

高考英语阅读理解题(二)

Danielle Steel, America's sweetheart, is one of the hardest working women in the book business. Unlike other proctive authors who write one book at a time, she can work on up to five. Her research time before writing takes at least three years. Once she has fully studied her subjects, ready to dive into a book, she can spend twenty hours nonstop at her desk.

Danielle Steel comes from New York and was sent to France for her ecation. After graation, she worked in the public relations and advertising instries. Later she started a job as a writer which she was best fit for. Her achievements are unbelievable: 390 million copies of books in print, nearly fifty New York Times best-selling novels, and a series of "Max and Martha" picture books for children to help them deal with the real-life problems of death, new babies and new schools. Her 1998 book about the death of her son shot to the top of the New York Times best-selling list as soon as it came out. Twenty-eight of her books have been made into films. She is listed in the Guinness Book of World Records for one of her books being the Times best-seller for 381 weeks straight.

Not content with a big house, a loving family, and a view of the Golden Gate Bridge, Danielle Steel considers her readers to be the most important resource(资源) and has kept in touch with them by e-mail. While she is often compared to the heroines(女主人公) of her own invention, her life is undoubtedly much quieter. But, if she does have anything in common with them, it is her strength of will and her inimitable(独特的) style. There is only one Danielle Steel.

60. Danielle Steel is different from other writers in that ____.

A. she can write several books at the same time

B. she often does some research before writing a book

C. she is one of the most popular American women writers

D. she can keep writing for quite a long time without a break

61. Children who have read "Max and Martha" picture books may know ______.

A. how to deal with affairs at school

B. what to do if Max and Martha die

C. what to do when new babies are born into their families

D. how to solve the difficult problems in their writing classes

62. One of Danielle Steel's achievements is that ______.

A. some TV plays were based on her books B. her picture books attracted a lot of young men

C. one of her books became a best-seller in 1998 D. she wrote the Guinness Book of World Records

63. We can learn from the passage that Danielle Steel _____.

A. lives an exciting life B. values her readers a lot

C. writes about quiet women D. is pleased with her achievements

Ⅲ 2021年高考英语全国卷2 - 阅读理解C

You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, foreing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic procts.
你听说过塑料正在污染海洋——每年有480万到1270万吨塑料进入海洋生态系统。但是，一根塑料吸管或杯子真的能带来变化吗？艺术家本杰明·冯·黄想让你知道这是真的。他用塑料垃圾建造了巨大的雕塑，让观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料制品的关系。

At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called“Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
今年年初，这位艺术家创作了一幅名为“Strawpocalypse”的作品，这是一对10英尺高的塑料波浪，凝结在半空，由从几次海滩清理志愿者中收集的168,000根塑料吸管制成，首次出现在越南胡志明市的埃斯黛拉广场购物中心。

Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that' s part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
全球只有9%的塑料垃圾被回收利用。塑料吸管绝不是的塑料污染的最大来源，但最近它们受到了猛烈抨击，因为大多数人不需要用吸管喝饮料，而且由于它们体积小、重量轻，无法回收。冯·黄作品中的每一根吸管都可能来自一种只喝了几分钟的饮料。一旦饮料消失，吸管需要几个世纪才能消失。

In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload's worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled "Truckload of Plastic, "Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been mped from a truck all at once.
在2018年的一篇文章中，冯·黄想举例说明具体的统计数据：每60秒，一卡车的塑料进入海洋。在这项名为“一卡车塑料”的作品中，冯·黄和一群志愿者收集了1万多块塑料，然后将它们绑在一起，看起来像是突然从卡车上被倾倒了下来。

Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to rece their plastic footprint.
冯·黄希望他的工作也能帮助大公司减少塑料足迹。

Ⅳ 一篇高考英语阅读题 高手进 谢谢

A. Experts say that it would take approximately $433,600,000 and more than 20 years to repair the island. This will probably never happen
D 磷酸制盐矿被毁坏了(这是不符合文章的，磷酸盐被开采完了，造成的结果是环境被破坏）

Ⅳ 2020年高考英语全国卷1 - 阅读理解D

The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study concted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more proctive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
人与植物之间的联系一直是科学研究的主题。最近的研究发现了一些积极影响，例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦市进行的一项研究发现，该市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。另一项研究显示，当员工的工作场所装饰有室内植物时，工作效率会提高15%。

The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology（MIT）have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. ＂We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,＂explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
麻省理工学院的工程师们研究更进一步，他们改变了植物的实际成分，以便让它们实现多种多样，甚至不寻常的功能。其中包括在叶子上印上传感器，当它们缺水时可以显示的植物，还有一种可以检测地下水中有害化学物质的植物。麻省理工学院化学工程教授迈克尔·斯特拉诺解释道：“我们正在考虑如何设计出取代我们每天使用的物品功能的植物”。

One of his latest projects has been to make plants grow in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light, about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps.
他最近的一个项目是在实验中使用普通蔬菜让植物生长。斯特拉诺的团队发现，他们可以创造出持续三个半小时的微弱光线。光大约是阅读所需的千分之一，这只是一个开始。斯特拉诺说，这项技术有一天可以用来照亮整个房间，甚至可以把树变成自供电的路灯。

in the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off＂switch＂where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
研究小组希望在未来开发出一种技术，一次性喷洒在植物叶子上，却可以持续植物的一生。工程师们还试图开发一种开关，当暴露在日光下时，光会消失。

Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source — such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway — a lot of energy is lost ring transmission.
照明用电约占美国总用电量的7%。因为照明通常远离电源—例如，从发电厂到偏远公路上路灯的距离——在传输过程中会损失大量能量.

Glowing plants could rece this distance and therefore help save energy.
发光植物可以缩短这种距离，从而有助于节约能源。

Ⅵ 2021高考英语全国乙卷阅读理解D篇优劣辨析

2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试D篇

原文链接：

https://hbr.org/2017/10/why-you-can-focus-in-a-coffee-shop-but-not-in-your-open-office

2021全国乙卷D篇文本

During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction(干扰) in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street —so I can focus. "His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout (布局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.

The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels(分贝),70 decibels, and 85decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however,the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop-significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.

But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise—not too loud and not total silence—may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of"distracted focus"appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.

So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.

32. Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space?

A. It helps him concentrate.

B. It blocks out background noise.

C. It has a pleasant atmosphere.

D. It encourages face-to-face interactions.

33. Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability?

A. Total silence.

B. 50 decibels.

C. 70 decibels.

D. 85 decibels.

34. What makes an open office unwelcome to many people?

A. Personal privacy unprotected.

B. Limited working space.

C. Restrictions on group discussion.

D. Constant interruptions.

35.What can we infer about the author from the text?

A. He's a news reporter. B. He’s on office manager.

C. He's a professional designer. D. He's a published writer.

答案：ACDD

解读：

文章大意：办公环境“噪音”对环境当中的“人的大脑”的影响。“带入式”噪音和“非带入式噪音”是有差别的。文本词数：394。

本文本因为对原文进行了大量的删减。所以可以看出删除部分包含以文章main idea为核心的相关research, 也就是缺少了连贯的科学研究过程的阐述，且以作者第一人称来叙述，研究并非作者亲自参与，所以文章style属于叙事体，高考当中的文本体裁趋近界定为nonfiction范畴的类科普说明文（事实上是缺少科普文所应该具备的要素的）。

文章当中有一个关键信息词汇coworking space。

拓展信息：

联合办公（共享办公）是一种为降低办公室租赁成本的办公模式，来自不同公司的个人在联合办公空间中共同工作，在特别设计和安排的办公空间中共享办公环境，彼此独立完成各自项目。同样的，其应该具有以下四个要素：轻服务——免费提供公共办公空间、网络、茶水、打印、安保服务等够灵活——即租即用，租期灵活，领包入住分割式——一个办公场地被划分为许多小块，按照自身需求寻找相应共享式——来自不同公司的个人共享一个办公环境，更加强调空间与人之间的连接。国内的联合办公行业，各品牌已经开始有自己较为明晰对的定位和细分客群， 优客工场和氪空间拥有现如今国内最大的空间数量以及经营面积，主张便捷高效的办公理念，在引入多元化投资机构的同时，已逐步完成了自身生态圈体系的搭建。

2.1第一段当中During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction(干扰) in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street —so I can focus. "His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout (布局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.

本段命题人对原文有一定的改编，首句起到一个引入主题的作用，但对文章整体核心信息并没有密切的关联性，所以篇章首句并非都是文本信息具有main idea 有提示作用的关键句（如很多文本解读所述）。整体看，第一段内容属于中式思维改编，具有一定的跳跃性，但整体信息可以理解。第一段最后两句的转折从信息摄入角度看，因信息不足显得牵强。此处，命题人命制了第一题：

32. Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space?

A. It helps him concentrate.

B. It blocks out background noise.

C. It has a pleasant atmosphere.

D. It encourages face-to-face interactions.

其实本题的信息提示点遍布全文。只要读懂全文，回答这个问题就比较容易。但是仅仅从第一段信息来看，试题的答案的文本信息支持是不足的。而本文当中如本题题干提示题境的the interviewer的选择仅仅在第一段中提到，因此判断其相关性很牵强。作为考试题答案选择A。第一段最后一句是一个过渡句，引起下文提到的研究。但是命题人改编删减后，下文提到的研究所表述的内容和原文的核心信息发生了偏离，同时“开放办公环境”和“联合/共享区域办公”的差异性没有体现出来。使得文章主体信息发生了偏离。但是不影响做题。

2.2文本第二段：The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels(分贝),70 decibels, and 85decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however,the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop-significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.

但在70分贝噪音环境中（和咖啡厅里的噪音水平非常接近）的那一组在创造性思维测试中的表现是远超过其它组的表现的。此外，我们的创造性思维水平在完全安静的环境中和在85分贝的背景噪音环境中其实并没有多大差别。此处阐述研究发现人们工作环境的噪音分贝对人们创造性思维的影响。信息直观陈述。下一题：33. Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability?

Total silence. B. 50 decibels. C. 70 decibels. D. 85 decibels. 因为题干信息提示非常具体—— promote creative thinking ability，回读文章however,the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop-significantly outperformed the other groups.既可以选择答案为C。此处，从做题角度需要考生读懂几个关键数字（分贝）相关联的信息。上句是一个复杂巨，把破折号部分去掉，理解outperform基本就可以理解此处信息点，选择正确答案。

2.3 文本第三段和第四段

But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise—not too loud and not total silence—may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of"distracted focus"appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.

So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.

这两段信息也是经过命题人以自己的思维模式删减改编的。整体上已经偏离了原文所要传递的科学规范的逻辑思路和信息。变成了命题人自己的thoughts。所以从文章精准信息传递上比较欠缺严谨性。第三段所表达的内容基本属于相关研究结果。属于对“开放式办公环境”噪音影响思维的一个研究作证，但并非是“开放式”办公环境思维能力受干扰的直接相关因素。直接因素是：熟悉环境下人们交谈等内容对听者所引发的代入感才是真正的“干扰”。此处命题：

34. What makes an open office unwelcome to many people?

A. Personal privacy unprotected.

B. Limited working space.

C. Restrictions on group discussion.

D. Constant interruptions.

题干提示下的四个备选答案ABC三个选项在文中基本没有出现相关信息。只有D可以被选为正确答案。此题的问题在于背离真实科学信息而设立的情境。那么这种阅读理解以及阅读理解考查就是虚假的理解测评。

35.What can we infer about the author from the text?

A. He's a news reporter. B. He’s on office manager.

C. He's a professional designer. D. He's a published writer.

最后一个题目设置的比较头重脚轻，需要回到文章首句。基本就可以选择答案了。这个题目从测试目标看效果不太理想。

总结：本文内容特色提及了关于“人脑对于噪音”的影响反应。属于科普知识。但是文章语境涉及的是办公环境，是学生所不熟悉的信息。与学生生活学习相关性不大。同时，此类研究并非学术界主流话题研究，非热点话题。文章经过删减改变后信息传递发生了本质变化，违背了传递真实信息的原则，也就是，读者摄取的可能是不真实的信息。这是本文文本所变现的问题。本篇高考阅读理解难度从考场答题角度来说属于中等或中等偏下。题目设置以及干扰项并非很完整。

A few years ago, ring a media interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still ponder often. Ranting about the level of distraction in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street — so I can focus.”

While I fully support the backlash against open offices, the comment struck me as odd. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout.

But I recently came across a series of studies examining the effect of sound on the brain that reveals why his strategy works.

From previous research, we know that workers’ primary problem with open or cubicle-filled offices is the unwanted noise.

But new research shows that it may not be the sound itself that distracts us…it may be who is making it. In fact, some level of office banter in the background might actually benefit our ability to do creative tasks, provided we don’t get drawn into the conversation. Instead of total silence, the ideal work environment for creative work has a little bit of background noise. That’s why you might focus really well in a noisy coffee shop, but barely be able to concentrate in a noisy office.

One study, published in the Journal of Consumer Research, found that the right level of ambient noise triggers our minds to think more creatively. The researchers, led by Ravi Mehta of the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking.

Participants were randomized into four groups and everyone was asked to complete a Remote Associates Test (a commonly used measurement that judges creative thinking by asking test-takers to find the relationship between a series of words that, as first glance, appear unrelated). Depending on the group, participants were exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group (those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop) significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking doesn’t differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise — the equivalent of a loud garbage disposal or a quiet motorcycle. Since none of us presumably want to work next to a garbage disposal or motorcycle, I found this surprising.

But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise — not too loud and not total silence — may actually boost one’s creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may disrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This type of “distracted focus” appears to be the optimal state for working on creative tasks. As the authors write, “Getting into a relatively noisy environment may trigger the brain to think abstractly, and thus generate creative ideas.”

In another study, researchers used frontal lobe electroencephalographic (EEG) machines to study the brain waves of participants as they completed tests of creativity while exposed to various sound environments. The researchers found statistically significant changes in creativity scores and a connection between those scores and certain brain waves. As in the previous study, a certain level of white noise proved the ideal background sound for creative tasks.

So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The quiet chatter of colleagues and the gentle thrum of the HVAC should help us focus. The problem may be that, in our offices, we can’t stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations or from being interrupted while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the EEG researchers found that face-to-face interactions, conversations, and other disruptions negatively affect the creative process. By contrast, a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of ambient noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.

Taken together, the lesson here is that the ideal space for focused work is not about freedom from noise, but about freedom from interruption. Finding a space you can hide away in, regardless of how noisy it is, may be the best strategy for making sure you get the important work done.

原文翻译：

相信很多人都有这样的感受：在很吵的咖啡厅能够非常专注地工作，但在开放式的办公室却很难做到专注。究竟为什么会出现这种现象呢？研究表明，适当水平的环境噪音能激发我们的思维进行更有创造性地思考。让我们在工作中分心的可能并不是噪音本身，而是是谁制造的这些声音。在开放式的办公室，我们通常无法阻止自己被其他人的谈话内容所吸引和带入，或是当我们想集中注意力时却经常被其他人打断和打扰。适合专注工作的理想工作环境并不是没有一点噪音的安静环境，而是一种不会受到他人打断和干扰的环境。

几年前，有一位媒体记者朋友针对我刚出版的一本新书对我做了一次专访，专访期间，这位媒体记者说的一段让我至今都经常思考的话。他说，他所在的开放式办公环境的噪音让他非常容易分心，对此他已经忍无可忍，于是他在公司办公楼街对面的一个联合办公空间办了一个会员，他在那里能更加专注地工作。

开放式的办公环境的各种噪音容易让人分心，对于这一点我非常认同，也深有体会。但是这位记者朋友说到的联合办公空间能够让他更加专注地工作，这一点却让我很难理解。毕竟联合办公空间通常采用的也是开放式的办公布局。

但是最近当我看了一系列研究声音对大脑的影响方面的文章后，我才开始理解为什么我的那位媒体朋友为了能专注地工作而选择在联合办公空间工作而不愿在自己的开放式办公室工作。

根据之前的研究，我们知道，开放式办公环境让大家最头疼的一个问题就是有各种大家不想听到的噪音。

但是最新的研究发现，让我们在工作中分心的可能并不是声音本身，而是是谁制造的这些声音。实际上，适度的办公室幽默和闲言笑语对我们完成一些创造性的工作是有帮助的，只要我们自己不被这种闲言笑语带进去就行。适合创造性工作的理想工作环境其实并不是那种一点噪音都没有的绝对安静的环境，而是有那种有适度水平的背景噪音的环境。这也是为什么你能够在一个有点吵的咖啡厅里专注工作，而在一个嘈杂的办公室里却很难集中精力工作。

《消费者研究周刊》发布的一份研究报告显示，适当水平的环境噪音能激发我们的思维进行更有创造性地思考。伊利诺伊大学香槟分校的Ravi Mehta教授带领一些研究人员做了这样一项研究：研究了不同水平的噪音是如何影响那些正在进行创造性思维测试的研究对象的。

研究对象被随机分为四组，每个人都被要求完成一项远距离联想测试（注：研究创造力问题的一种测验方法。通常，提供几个相隔较远的词组，猜测它们共同的关联词。如，“盐 、 深 、 沫”，它的关联词是“海”。创造性思考是将联想得来的元素重新整合的过程。新结合的元素相互之间联想的距离越远，这个思维的过程或问题的解决就更有创造力。有创造力的人的联想不同于一般人。有创造力的人他们有广泛的联想，一个元素可以与许多其他元素连接；而一般人的元素连接则比较少）。以组为单位，我们会为研究对象在测试过程中设置不同水平的噪音，从完全的静音到50分贝、70分贝和85分贝的噪音。大部分分组之间的差异其实并不是太大，但在70分贝噪音环境中（和咖啡厅里的噪音水平非常接近）的那一组在创造性思维测试中的表现是远超过其它组的表现的。此外，我们的创造性思维水平在完全安静的环境中和在85分贝的背景噪音环境中其实并没有多大差别。

因为在70分贝的噪音环境中的那一组的研究对象在创造性思维测试中的表现明显好于其它组，因此研究认为，恰当水平的背景噪音（噪音不是太大，也不太过安静）实际上是有助于提高一个人的创造性思维能力的。恰当水平的背景噪音可能会打乱我们正常的思维模式，使我们的想象力得以漫游，但又不至于会让我们无法集中注意力。这种“分心式的专注”能够让我们以最佳状态完成创造性任务。正如作者所写的的那样：“在一个相对嘈杂的环境中可能会刺激我们的大脑进行更加抽象性地思考，从而产生创造性的想法。”

在另一项研究中，当研究对象在不同水平的噪音环境下完成创造性思维测试的时候，研究人员使用额叶脑电图（EEG）机器来研究研究对象的脑电波。研究人员发现，研究对象的创造性思维的表现分数在不同噪音环境下的变化是非常大的，同时还发现这个分数与特定的脑电波是有紧密联系的。和此前的研究结果一样，一定水平的白噪音环境是完成创造性任务的理想环境。

所以问题来了：为什么我们中的大部分人都讨厌在开放式的办公室里办公呢？同事们之间小声安静的交谈和空调系统制造的柔和声音应该是能帮助我们集中注意力的。但问题是，在我们所处的开放式办公室里，我们通常无法阻止自己被其他人的谈话内容所吸引和带入，或是当我们想集中注意力时却经常被其他人打断和打扰。事实上，脑电图研究人员发现，面对面的交流、交谈和其他干扰会对人们的创造性工作过程产生负面影响。相比之下，联合办公空间或咖啡馆提供了一定程度的陌生环境噪音，同时也能让自己免受他人的打扰，不会有人在你努力集中注意力工作的时候走过来打断你、干扰你。

总的来说，我们通过上述这些研究成果学到的是：适合专注工作的理想工作环境并不是没有一点噪音都没有的决定安静的环境，而是一种不会受到他人打断和干扰的环境。因此，找到一个你可以沉浸进去专注工作的环境，不管这个环境有多嘈杂，这才是确保你能完成重要工作的最佳策略。

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Ⅶ 2021年高考英语全国卷 - 阅读理解C

When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly recing waterfowl habitat.
当探险家们第一次踏上北美洲大陆时，天空和大地上到处都是各种各样的野生动物，美洲土著人智慧地保护了这些宝贵的自然资源。然而仅仅几十年，探险家和定居者们就夺走了这些资源中的大部分。数百万只水鸟在市场猎人和一些野心勃勃的运动员手中被杀。上百万英亩，用于喂养和容纳不断增加的水禽种群的湿地干涸，水禽栖息地大大减少。

In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, Iowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
1934年，随着《候鸟狩猎邮票法案》的通过，越来越受到关注的国家采取了坚定的行动，制止对候鸟水禽以及对它们的生存至关重要的湿地的破坏。根据该法案，所有16岁及以上的水禽猎手每年都必须购买并携带联邦鸭票。第一张联邦鸭票是由J.N.“丁”达林设计的，他是爱荷华州得梅因的一位政治漫画家，当时被富兰克林·罗斯福总统任命为生物调查局局长。猎人愿意购买鸭票，可以确保我们自然资源的生存。

About 98 percent of every ck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
每一张鸭票的98%直接进入候鸟保护基金，用于购买湿地和野生动物栖息地，纳入国家野生动物保护区系统——确保这片土地得到保护，提供给子孙后代。自1934年以来，已有超过5亿美元的资金投入该基金，用于购买超过500万英亩的栖息地。难怪联邦鸭票计划被称为有史以来最成功的保护计划之一。

Ⅷ 高三英语阅读理解题答案

高三英语阅读理解题答案

作为高考英语试卷中题量最大、分值最多、难度最高的题型，高考英语阅读理解题在整个高中英语中至关重要。下面是我给大家准备的高三英语的阅读理解习题以及参考答案，欢迎大家阅读练习!

第一篇：

It was a village in India. The people were poor. However, they were not unhappy. After all, their forefathers had lived in the same way for centuries.

Then one day, some visitors from the city arrived. They told the villagers there were some people elsewhere who liked to eat frog's legs. However, they did not have enough frogs of their own ，and so they wanted to buy frogs from other places.

This seemed like money for nothing. There were millions of frogs in the fields around，and they were no use to the villagers. All they had to do was catch them. Agreement was reached，and the children were sent into the fields to catch frogs. Every week a truck arrived to collect the catch and hand over the money. For the first time, the people were able to dream of a better future. But the dream didn't last long.

The change was hardly noticed at first, but it seemed as if the crops were not doing so well. More worrying was that the children fell ill more often, and, there seemed to be more insects around lately.

The villagers decided that they couldn't just wait to see the crops failing and the children getting weak. They would have to use the money earned to buy pesticides (杀虫剂) and medicines. Soon there was no money left.

Then the people realized what was happening. It was the frog. They hadn't been useless. They had been doing an important job—eating insects. Now with so many frogs killed, the insects were increasing more rapidly. They were damaging the crops and spreading diseases.

Now，the people are still poor. But in the evenings they sit in the village square and listen to sounds of insects and frogs. These sounds of the night now have a much deeper meaning.

1. From Paragraph 1，we learn that the villagers________.

A. worked very hard for centuries

B. dreamed of having a better life

C. were poor but somewhat content

D. lived a different life from their forefathers

2. Why did the villagers agree to sell frogs?

A. The frogs were easy money.

B. They needed money to buy medicine.

C. They wanted to please the visitors.

D. The frogs made too much noise.

3. What might be the cause of the children's sickness?

A. The crops didn't do well.

B. There were too many insects.

C. The visitors brought in diseases.

D. The pesticides were overused.

4. What can we infer from the last sentence of the text?

A. Happiness comes from peaceful life in the country.

B. Health is more important than money.

C. The harmony between man and nature is important.

D. Good old days will never be forgotten.

第二篇：

Somali pirates (海盗) robbed three Thai fishing ships with 77 sailors on board nearly 1,200 miles off the Somali coast, the farthest-off-shore attack to date, an officer said Tuesday.

Pirates have gone farther south and east in answer to increased patrols(巡逻) by warships off the Somali shore. The robbing of the three ships Sunday was about 600 miles outside the normal operation area for the international force, said a spokesman.

The spokesman said the attack so far out at sea was a clear sign that the international patrols against pirates were having a “marked effect on pirate activity in the area”.

“Once they start attacking that far out, you're not even really talking about the Somali basin or areas of water that have any connection with Somalia.” said an officer, Roger Middleton. “Once you're that far out, it's just the Indian Ocean，and it means you're looking at trade going from the Gulf to Asia, from Asia to South Africa.”

“This is the farthest robbing to date. They are now operating near the Maldives and India.” said another officer.

The three ships-the MV Prantalay 11,12，and 14-had 77 members on board in total. All of them are Thai, the spokesman said. Before the Sunday robbing, pirates held 11 ships and 228 sailors.

Pirates have increased attacks over the past year in hopes of catching more dollar payments. Because of increased patrols and defenses on board ships, the success rate(率) has gone down, though the number of successful attacks has stayed the same year over year.

1. The pirate attack reported in the text happened________.

A. far out in the Indian Ocean

B. in the normal patrol area

C. near the Somali coast

D. in the south of Africa

2. According to the text, which can best describe the situation of the pirate problems?

A. More goods on board are lost.

B. Pirate attacks happen in a larger area now.

C. The number of attacks has stayed the same these years.

D. Pirate attacks are as serious as before along the Somali coast.

3. Which is TRUE about the warship patrols according to the text?

A. The patrols are of little effect.

B. The patrols are more difficult.

C. More patrols are quite necessary even in Asia.

D. The patrols only drive the pirates to other areas.

4. How many sailors were held by the pirates up to the time of the report?

A. 228.

B. 77.

C. 383.

D. 305.

>>>>>>答案与解析<<<<<<

第一篇：

本篇文章为记叙文。主要讲述印度一个小村庄的人们在外乡人的诱导下为了追求金钱收益捕杀青蛙，结果破坏了生态平衡。意识到这个问题后，他们及时停止了捕杀，重新回到了宁静的乡村生活。

1.C细节理解题。第一段中有“The people were poor.However, they were not unhappy.”和C项意思一致。

2.A细节理解题。根据第二段的.“This seemed like money for nothing.”句中for nothing 是“免费的”意思，说明青蛙容易得到，并能赚到钱，村民才答应卖。

3.B推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“They had been doing an important job—eating insects. Now with so many frogs killed, the insects were increasing more rapidly. They were damaging the crops and spreading diseases.”可以推断出庄稼收成不好，孩子生病与青蛙减少、害虫增多有关。

4.C推理判断题。最后一句说明人们过度捕杀造成生态失衡，由此也影响了人类，因此，可以推断人与自然的和谐是重要的。

第二篇：

本篇文章为新闻报道类文体。报道索马里海盗抢劫三艘泰国渔船，并引用了官员的话，让读者了解当前的索马里海盗的形势。

1.A细节理解题。“The robbing of the three ships Sunday was about 600 miles outside the normal operation area for the international force”以及“Once you're that far out, it's just the Indian Ocean...”句意为“这次海盗袭击发生在国际护卫部队正常保护区域六百英里外”，“一旦你到了那么远，那就是印度洋了”可知正确答案为A项。

2.B主旨大意题。文章主要报道发生在周末的对泰国渔船的袭击，就此事件引出索马里海盗的袭击已超越国际保卫队的正常护卫范围，而进入了更远的海域。

3.B细节理解题。依据...the international patrols against pirates were having a “marked effect on pirate activity in the area”及Once you're that far out, it's just the Indian Ocean, and it means you're looking at trade going from the Gulf to Asia, from Asia to South Africa. 可知应是巡逻难度加大了。

4.D推理计算题。由文章首句“Somali pirates robbed three Thai fishing ships with 77 sailors on board...”及“Before the Sunday robbing, pirates held 11 ships and 228 sailors.”可知，到发报道为止，索马里海盗应劫持水手77+228=305人。

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Ⅸ 2020年高考英语全国卷2 - 阅读理解C

When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion enthusiast are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria.
当你想给环保人士的假日购物清单增加些什么时，你可能不会想到皮毛。但是一些生态学家和时尚发烧友们正试图恢复海狸鼠皮毛的市场。

Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur – unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,” says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
新奥尔良和布鲁克林的不同寻常时装秀展示了海狸鼠皮毛制成的不同风格的服装。“谈论没有罪恶感的皮毛听起来很疯狂——除非你知道海狸鼠每年都在破坏大片湿地，”Righteous Fur（正义皮毛）项目总监克里·麦克里说。

Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
路易斯安那州的科学家非常担心，他们决定付给猎人每尾5美元。一些皮毛最终出现在时装秀上，比如上个月布鲁克林的时装秀。

Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species. It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us,” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
海狸鼠是皮毛农场主从阿根廷带到这里并放生的。“那里的生态系统无法应对这种非本土物种，它正在破坏环境”，这一领域的专家迈克尔·马西米说。

The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
几十年来，皮毛贸易一直控制着海狸鼠数量，但是20世纪80年代末海狸鼠市场崩溃后，这些猫一样大小的动物疯狂繁殖。

Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince people that people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.
生物学家埃德蒙·莫顿负责路易斯安那州的海狸鼠控制。他说要让人们相信海狸鼠皮是绿色的并不容易，但他对此毫无疑问。猎人们每年带来超过30万条海狸鼠尾巴，所以莫顿现在的部分工作就是推广皮毛。

Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions. Model Paige Morgan says,“To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them – I think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She’s trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.
还有Righteous Fur和它不同寻常的时尚。模特佩奇·摩根说，“给人们一个没有罪恶感的选择，让他们可以穿着，而不用被人往身上泼油漆——我认为这将是一件大事，至少在纽约是这样。”设计师詹妮弗·安德森承认，她花了一段时间才意识到，用海狸鼠皮制作作品在道德上是可以接受的。她正尝试给海狸鼠时尚贴上环保标签。

Ⅹ 高考英语阅读理解试题及答案分享

高考英语阅读理解试题及答案分享

高考英语阅读文章使用的语言都较为正式，结构复杂的长句及省略和插入语等较复杂的`语言现象在文章中随处可见。影响了考生对文章内容的理解和判断。为了帮助大家备考高考英语，我整理了一些高考英语阅读理解，希望能帮到大家!

高考英语阅读理解【1】

Why do we have in a camera a lens(镜头)instead of a simple hole?

The reason can be seen from the figures(图像).

In Figure 1, the hole is small. Rays of light from a point (P1)outside reach a very small part of the wall opposite, and we see there a small point. But when the hole is bigger, as in Figure 2, rays from the point(P2)can cover a larger part of the wall opposite, and we don’t see a clear point, Rays from other points(Q) outside can also fall on the same place inside. Therefore the picture is not clear when the hole is big and it is not bright when the hole is small because very very little light can pass through it.. We can get better result with a lens. If the lens is made in the shape shown in Figure 3, all the rays of light from the point(P3) are thrown on point(P’) inside. The picture which we see, therefore, is clear, and it is also bright because more light can pass through a lens than through a small hole.

1. In Figure 1 we see a faint small point on the wall because .

A. the point(P1) is very small B. the hole isn’t big enough

C. light rays don’t travel in straight lines D. light rays can’t pass through a small hole

2. Figure 2 shows that the bigger the hole is, .

A. the more light can pass through B. the clearer the picture will be

C. the better result we will get D. the faster the light rays travel

3. From figure 3, we can see a lens .

A. can form a clear picture B. can make light go in a straight line

C. can help light rays to go faster D. cannot give the picture more light than in Fig. 2

4. The main idea of the second paragraph of the article is that .

A. a smaller hole is better than a bigger one

B. big holes are better than small ones

C. both a big hole and a small one have their weak points

D. light rays are sure to pass through a hole no matter it is big or small

5. Which of the following statements is true?

A. Light can go through all kinds of materials

B. A camera can’t be made without a lens

C. The lens is only used in a camera

D. Most of the light we get is from the lens

高考英语阅读理解【2】

Overhead bridges are found in many parts of Beijing, especially in places where traffic is very heavy and crossing the road is dangerous.

The purpose of these bridges is to enable pedestrians (行人) to cross roads safely. Overhead bridges are used to very much the same way as zebra crossings. They are more efficient (效率高的) although less convenient because people have to climb up a long flight of steps. This is inconvenient especially to older people. When pedestrains use an overhead bridge, they do not hold up traffic. However, when they cross a busy road using a zebra crossing, traffic is held up. This is why the government has built many overhead bridges to help pedestrians and to keep traffic moving at the same time.

The government of Beijing has spent a large amount of money on building these bridges. For their own safety, pedestrians should be encouraged to use them instead of risking (冒…危险) their lives by dashing across the road. Old people , however , may find it a little difficult climbing up and down the steps, but it is still much safer than walking across the road with all the danger of moving traffic.

Overhead bridges serve a very useful purpose. Pedestrians, both old and young, should make it a habit to use them. This will prevent unnecessary accidents and loss of life.

1. What is the advantage of overhead bridges mentioned in this passage?

A. Taller trucks can pass under them.

B. Pedestrians can climb up and have a view of the city.

C. They are safer for pedestrians and can keep traffic moving at the same time.

D. They are easier and more convenient for the pedestrians.

2. Why were overhead bridges built in Beijing?

A. Because they prevent traffic from being held up.

B. Because they provide an easy way for the drivers to cross the road.

C. Because they save money for the government.

D. Because they save time for the pedestrians.