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江苏高考英语阅读理解特点

发布时间: 2023-07-11 04:39:56

⑴ 2019江苏高考英语任务型阅读

江苏这种任务型阅读题型属于概括填空题,也就是对原文篇章结构信息概括,取空多为关键要考查的信息词,这种题型和四选一的完形填空还不一样,这个没有备选,而且是原文很多信息的paraphrase ,所以不一定是取空处一定 确切对应原文哪个信息。19年高考这篇任务文本设计的比较揉杂。因为原文叙述不好总结出栏目式且两栏三栏这样的层次分明的特征性的信息。

原文从标题开始引出作者想要表达的信息——the cost of thinking ,这个标题所要表达的就是,人类intelligence 进化所经历的痛苦和艰难历程。

第一段,提出问题。这个基本符合写作规律,整体也是表层概括。取空比较套路,且原文原词就可以提示填写,这样的概括填空的命题效度是很低的。此空原则上并非仅仅局限于characteristics ,而与之相关的其他词汇都可以,或者还有更好的表达法。我称它开放空。

接下来第二段,介绍第一个特征,且给出了细节描述,但是重点在于段末的转折句unfortunately ,that’s not the case 。语义否定了之前的描述——……brain power more must be better 。

接下来,第三段围绕大脑在人类进行各种活动中的能量耗费,此处把进化后的人类大脑和和类人猿的大脑能量消耗,以及把人类大脑所占身体总重的比例等进行对比,旨在突出大脑在进化过程当中的负重和承担的责任,呼应标题cost。此处取空energy,也是随处可见的同词复现。好的归纳总结和paraphrase 一定会有更好的地道的表达。接下来继续介绍了early large brains 所承担的cost,具体见原文叙述。

下面一段并列前面的characteristic 1提出characteristic 2——关于直立行走。一些具体细节信息的描述,等同于生物课上老师的讲义。所以读懂英语就可以了。或者能够完全翻译过来,这部分就不难理解。74空取空又是套路空,答案也是类似的词汇填写上都不能算错误。75空不看原文,也可以填写几个合适的词汇。76空比较特殊,它属于命题人主观定论一类的,也就是,我出题,就想让你填other,那你就填好了,否则,木有分数啊……。77空,很有争议的一个空,假如抛开原文,直立行走的进化过程是大脑随着身体能量和技能需求而在size上变小的一个过程,一个关键思维信息点是此处的大脑指的是它的“大小”变化,不是它的智力程度进化,文中信息也表明在漫长的直立行走进化过程中,因为人体骨骼等所能够承受的重量和功能等原因,在直立行走前所需承重相对较小,直立行走后最初人体需要承重更大的大脑重量和消耗更多大脑所需能量,慢慢的人类形态和生理发生演化,祖先的extra large skull 逐渐变小,注意,这里用词skull ,所以事实上,所要强调的是直立行走后人类大脑变得越来越小,这个词相关的表达应该都是对的,至于答案给的limit原理同上面的other。最后一段,原文作者给出了比较含蓄的conclusion ,同时呼应文章标题,侧重cost。直白来说brain is powerful ,physically weak。且这个过程是一个漫长而并不愉快(根据本文写作基调)的过程。

原本想写个针对此题的命题总结,省略了吧。其实本分析,精力允许,应该可以做出几倍于此的内容来。至于市面上很多的试题数据信息统计和归类,个人并不看好,数据和归类往往是科学的研究方法,一旦使用就是可靠依据,可是哪些会是原理上可靠的呢?还有就是此题型改改名字吧,不伦不类,云里雾里的名字。

⑵ 2019年江苏高考英语试卷试题及答案解析(WORD文字版)

高考英语卷进行评析。阅卷专家们认为,江苏高考英语卷紧扣高中英语课程标准的教学要求,对考生在英语听力、词汇、语法、英语知识综合应用、阅读理解、书面表达等知识和能力进行了全面、深入的考察。

任务型阅读要求结合心理学分析新闻受众反应

第一部分的听力理解继续采用对话和独白等呈现方式,强调考生在常见语境中理解英语对话意义的能力,需要考生迅速建立话语交际的语境概念,分析讲话人的意图和含义,考察形式有细节信息、语音辨析、意图推测、结论判断等题型。

第二部分的英语知识运用包括单项填空和完型填空题,在题型和题量方面继续了近年的风格,覆盖高中阶段课程标准的教学重点和难点。完形填空的文章内容理解较为容易,但选项部分仍需要认真思考才能准确作答。

第三部分阅读理解部分的第一篇文章为配图的应用文体,内容涉及游客须知等旅游信息,第二篇为涉及旧的电子产品等工业废弃物与环保的关系,第三篇为涉及志愿者服务的动机分析文章,第四篇为关于“自由”与“责任”的议论文,题量分别为2、3、4、6。

任务型阅读的文章结合弗洛伊德心理学理论,分析了不同人群对新闻报道的接受习惯和反应特征,从新闻类别、读者反应、异类互渗等角度考察了考生在信息检索、内容归纳、语言结构等方面的知识与能力。

书面表达部分属于给材料作文的类型,提供了文字和图表相结合的三份材料,要求考生在概要叙述材料的基础上,分析导致交通问题的主要原因,并从社会规范和个人行为两方面讨论得到的启示。

凸显对考生思维能力和交往能力的考查

2015江苏高考英语卷体现了近年来鼓励学生扩大以英语为载体的知识面的导向性特征,继续突显了对外语思维能力和交际能力的考察,具体题型也呈现出改革和创新的特点。试卷第27题涉及到我国正在实施的“一带一路”国家战略,第29题涉及知名足球明星“C罗”,体现出英语教学与考生实际生活之间的关联。

书面表达延续了去年开始出现的新题型,总字数要求不变,但是增加了概要写作的任务,还凸显了考生分析材料和理解图表信息的能力,写作便于考生写出紧扣主题的个性化内容。

⑶ 2020年 高考英语 江苏卷 阅读理解精析

B

    Sometimes it's hard to let go 放手 . For many British people, that can apply to 应用于 institutions and objects that represent their country's past — age-old 古老的 castles,  splendid华丽的  homes ... and red phone boxes 红色电话亭 .

    Beaten first by the march of (the march of sth ...的稳步发展)  technology and lately by the terrible weather in junkyards (废品场) , the phone boxes representative of(be representative of sth/sb 典型的;有代表性的)  an age are now making something of a comeback 再度流行 . Adapted in imaginative ways, many have reappeared on city streets and village greens housing tiny cafes, cellphone repair shops, or even defibrillator machines (除颤器).

    The original iron boxes with the round roofs first appeared in 1926. They were designed by Giles Gilbert Scott, the architect 建筑师  of the Battersea Power Station in London. After becoming an important part of many British streets, the phone boxes began disappearing in the 1980s, with the rise of the mobile phone sending most of them away to the junkyards.

    About that time, Tony Inglis' engineering and transport company got the job to remove phone boxes from the streets and sell them out (sell out 售空) . But Inglis ended up(end up doing sth 以...结束) buying hundreds of them himself, with the idea of repairing and selling them. He said that he had heard the calls 听到召唤  to preserve the boxes and had seen how some of them were listed as historic buildings 历史性建筑 .

    As Inglis and, later other businessmen, got to work, repurposed(repurpose v. 为适应新用途对...稍加修改)  phone boxes began reappearing in cities and villages as people found new uses for them . Today, they are once again 再一次 a familiar sight 熟悉的场景 , playing roles 扮演角色  that are often just as important for the community as their original purpose.

    In rural areas在农村地区, where ambulances救护车 can take a relatively long time to arrive, the phone boxes have taken on 承担 a lifesaving role. Local organizations can adopt 采用  them for 1 pound, and install安装  defibrillators to help in emergencies在紧急情况下 .

    Others also looked at the phone boxes and saw business opportunities 看到了商机. LoveFone, a company that advocates提倡  repairing cellphones rather than 而不是 abandoning them, opened a mini- workshop 车间 in a London phone box in 2016.

    The tiny shops made economic sense 有经济意义 , according to 根据  Robert Kerr, a founder 创始人  of LoveFone. He said that one of the boxes generated around $13,500 in revenue收益 a month and cost only about $400 to rent.

    Inglis said phone boxes called to mind 使想起 an age when things were built to last. "I like what they are to people, and I enjoy bringing things back," he said. (enjoy doing sth )

C

    For those who can stomach (v. 能吃,吃得下)  it, working out(work out 运动,锻炼)  before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing  and physical activity .

    Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance. However, far less has been known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health 整体健康状况 .

    To find out, British scientists concted a study 进行了一项研究. They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us. They tested the men's fitness and resting metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates and took samples (样品) of their blood and fat tissue 脂肪组织.

    Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists' lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed  that, in theory理论上 , should allow his body to rely mainly on 主要依靠  fat for fuel. Before one of these workouts , the men skipped breakfast 不吃早餐 , meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast (禁食) . On the other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking.

    Just before and an hour after each workout, the scientists took additional samples of the men's blood and fat tissue.

    Then they compared the samples. There were considerable differences 巨大的差异 . Most obviously, the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of 在...的开始  their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten. As a result 结果 , they burned more fat 燃烧更多的脂肪   ring walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first. On the other hand 在另一方面 , they burned slightly more calories (卡路里), on average 平均 , ring the workout after breakfast than after fasting.

    But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant, the researchers found.(强调句式) Multiple genes behaved differently, depending on whether 取决于是否  someone had eaten or not before walking. Many of these genes proce proteins (蛋白质) that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin (胰岛素) levels throughout the body and so are associated with 与...相联系  improved metabolic health 代谢健康 . These genes were much more active when the men had fasted before exercise than when they had breakfasted.

    The implication应用 of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first.

D

    I was in the middle of the Amazon (亚马逊) with my wife, who was there as a medical researcher. We flew on a small plane to a faraway village偏远乡村 . We did not speak the local language 说本地话 , did not know the customs, and more often than not 常常 , did not entirely recognize the food. We could not have felt more foreign 陌生的 .

    We were raised on books and computers, highways and cell phones, but now we were living in a village without running water自来水 or electricity . It was easy for us to go to sleep at the end of the day feeling a little misunderstood.

    Then one perfect Amazonian evening, with monkeys calling from beyond the village green, we played soccer 踢足球. I am not good at soccer, but that evening it was wonderful. Everyone knew the rules. We all spoke the same language of passes and shots. We understood one another perfectly. As darkness came over the field and the match ended, the goalkeeper 记分员 , Juan, walked over to me and said in a matter-of-fact way 平静地 , "In your home, do you have a moon too?" I was surprised.

    After I explained to Juan that yes, we did have a moon and yes, it was very similar to 与... 非常相似  his, I felt a sort of awe (敬畏) at the possibilities that existed in his world. In Juan's world, each village could have its own moon. In Juan's world, the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous 令人惊讶的 . Anything was possible.

    In our society 在我们的社会, we know that Earth has only one moon. We have looked at our planet from every angle and found all of the wildest things left to find. I can, from my computer at home, pull up satellite images of Juan's village. There are no more continents and no more moons to search for, little left to discover. At least it seems that way.至少看上去是如此。

    Yet, as I thought about思考 Juan's question, I was not sure how much more we could really rule out 不考虑 . I am, in part 某种程度上 , an ant biologist, so my thoughts turned to what we know about了解 insect life and I knew that much in the world of insects remains unknown . How much, though? How ignorant (无知的) are we? The question of what we know and do not know constantly bothered me 一直困扰着我.

    I began collecting newspaper articles about new species, new monkeys, new spiders..., and on and on 不停地  they appear. My drawer quickly filled. I began a second drawer for more general discoveries: a new cave system discovered with dozens of 许多  nameless species, four hundred species of bacteria found in the human stomach. The second drawer began to fill and as it did, I wondered whether there were bigger discoveries out there, not just species, but the life that depends on things thought to be useless, life even without DNA. I started the third drawer for these big discoveries . It fills more slowly, but all the same 依旧 , it fills.

    In在做...的过程中  looking into the stories of biological discovery, I also began to find something else, a collection of scientists, usually brilliant, occasionally half-mad, who made the discoveries . Those scientists very often see the same things that other scientists see, but they pay more attention to them, and they focus on them to the point of exhaustion (穷尽) , and at the risk of the ridicule 嘲笑 of their peers. In looking for the stories of discovery, I found the stories of these people and how their lives changed our view of the world.

    We are repeatedly willing to (be willing to do sth 愿意做某事) imagine we have found most of what is left to discover. We used to (used to do sth 过去常做某事) think that insects were the smallest organisms (生物) and that nothing lived deeper than six hundred meters. Yet, when something new turns up 出现, more often than not , we do not even know its name.

⑷ 为什么09年江苏高考英语试卷这么难

(看下面就知道难就难在题量,内容,极其对学生的全面考察···而我们学生只是对英语不灵活什么的····所以或许会感到难吧~)
一、英语高考试题解读
1.阅读理解能力是重点检查的能力
高考对英语听说读写诸项能力的测试并非均衡对待,而是按照教学大纲的要求,突出了对阅读能力的测试。这不仅表现在阅读理解题在试卷中占的比重最大(40分)(含任务型阅读),还表现在阅读能力是决定听力、完形填空(也叫缺词阅读)、书面表达和单项填空等题型答题效果的最基本能力。阅读是学习英语的主要方式,强调对阅读的检测也符合我国学生学习英语的规律,阅读又是获取较综合、较复杂、较深刻信息的手段,突出考查阅读能力是完全正确的。
今年的高考阅读理解题涉及科普知识、文学作品、留学乘车指南等。阅读有利于考查考生快速获取信息、处理信息、分析信息等能力。短文中有少量生词出现,有的注了中文,有的则需猜测。短文后所附问题可分为四类,即概括主旨大意、推理判断、词义辨别以及对文章细节的理解。今年的阅读部分是学生觉得较难的题型,不要说其它题型,单就完成这几篇阅读的任务,没有大量的阅读体验和良好的阅读能力的确是不可能考出好的成绩。
阅读文章所编的考题考查考生的语言功底和领会文章旨意的能力,考查考生对文章、事件的细节理解,也考查了考生对篇章段意的整体理解,既考查了文章的表层意思,也考查了文章的深层含义。
值得注意是近几年来,江苏省一大批教师赴澳大利亚、加拿大进修,所以选材两篇涉及加拿大(B,D),一篇谈澳大利亚(C),而且非常贴近生活、工作、学习。所以,我们以后的选材既要注意运用,又要注意扩大选材面。
2.重视对思维能力和全面文化知识的考核
英语高考,不单单是考英语语言的应用和理解,同时也在考查学生观察、分析、判断、综合、记忆、推理和想象的能力以及全面文化知识的水平。今年的完形填空,以原书面表达题形式变成完形填空。完形填空论述了社区服务(service learning)作为高中毕业生的必备条件的不同观点及其作者的个人态度,围绕“中学生参加社区社会实践活动利与弊的争议”展开论述,体现了“读书是学习,实践也是学习,而且是更重要的学习”这一主题,同时说明了一个道理:主动选择可以激励人们产生自由的感觉和责任的意识,作为中学毕业生,必须做出明智的选择。无论是题材还是体裁,既贴近学生实际,学生又熟悉文章结构,匠心独具。
因此,学生容易对文章及内容产生认同感。该题目着重考查考生对语意、语境、语篇的深层次理解,并在掌握文章主旨大意的基础上,正确理解句与句、段与段之间的内在联系。这篇短文只有结合上下文的具体情况,经过仔细观察和分析,才可能判断准确。所设20个小题中半数需要考生逾越句子,联系上下文去理解和推断。又如阅读理解,设问的题目大部分是让学生概括中心、猜测词义、推断语气、分析结果等等。仅仅从文字上把文章看懂,而没有一定水平的思维能力是做不好阅读理解题的。语言是反映一定文化的。考生还应注意对英美文化的了解。关注英美地理历史、国际时事,了解最新的科技动态,否则难以读懂和听懂试题中的内容。
3.强调基础知识和基本技能的掌握
高考作为一种选拔性考试,特别是今年的英语虽然有难题,但主要考的仍是基础知识和基本技能。基础的东西掌握好了,才可能把试卷中的中低档题做对,也才有可能攻克由诸项基础知识综合而成的难题。高考成绩的高低,主要取决于基础知识和基本技能的掌握,也可以说取决于中低档题的成功率。那种在总复习中一味追求难题、怪题,而忽视基础知识的落实与基本技能训练的作法,实在是与高考命题的主导思想背道而驰。 以上是笔者对今年高考试题的宏观认识,下面再就各题型作一粗略分析:
听力仍采用全国卷的听力,语速比往年快,难度高于往年。听力测试的语言材料选材丰富,体现了在情景中交际的特点。考试中选用真实的口语材料,题材反映真实生活,这有利于考查考生生活实际中所需要的听的能力。
单项选择难度适中,很好地将“语法和词汇知识”有机地融入语段之中。知识覆盖面广,更加注重考查考生的实际运用能力,着重考查考生的一些基础语法,如名词性从句、非谓语动词和动词词组辨析等。今年共考语法题10题,词4题,其中词义辨析3题,词的用法1题,纯对话1题,以对话题形式出现5题。但今年单项选择有两个新动向:①未考冠词;②未考谚语。
任务型阅读的文章主题是关于如何与人沟通,文章篇幅长,需要考生在正确理解文章和表格的基础上,在文章中对所需要的信息进行定位,在哪一段的哪一行。信息定位后,对文章的信息进行转换,使之适合表格。有的考生在文中找到信息后,不知道如何转换。这类题目需要学生有扎实的基础知识和较强的阅读能力,如词性转换、同义词和反义词及概括能力。
书面表达形式和往年一样,是“控制性写作”,要求考生根据所给汉语文字提示,用英文把所要表达的内容阐述清楚。今年的“书面表达”大出人们意料,内容完全来自人人熟悉的实际生活:“鼠标是计算机时代最佳的人机交互工具之一,它极大地方便了人们对计算机的操作。但是,过分依赖鼠标的习惯也会带来一些不利影响。”请你以鼠标为切入点,根据表格提示的信息,用英语写一篇文字。题目相当新颖,和每一个学生的生活都密切相关且十分熟悉,学生感觉有话可说。但难度不小,提示的若干“动宾结构”难以流利写出,这不能不说是很多师生的遗憾,它的启示是:埋头做题,只顾盲目操练,要想在这种选拔性十分强的高考中取得高分,恐怕难上加难了。未来的教与学需要跳离题海注重实际。

⑸ 经历过江苏高考的英语学霸们,请告诉我:高考英语阅读理解如何拿满分

英语阅读题技巧,我个人的经验,三步:
1.迅速将整篇文章分解,理出文章结构;
2.迅速抓住文章叙述的主题;
3.迅速找出各部分的中心意思,并找出表达中心意思的句子。

做到这3步,基本上这篇文章不用逐字读完就可以答对接下来的题目。

先说一下,英语文章,尤其是用于考试的阅读文章,其结构都有非常明显的典型性,一般结构为主题段,论述段落,总结及结论段,乃至超长的江苏卷也不过是在这个大框架内。

以一篇文章5段为例:

一般第一段为主题段,也就是说,整篇文章要表达的主题一定会出现在这里,你要做的就是迅速把中心句找出来,一般来说,中心句会出现在倒数第2句或第1句,简单一点的文章会在第1句就出现,如果考题出得比较难,也可能需要自己总结,但就算需要自己总结中心句,也一定能在该段落中找出代表中心意思的词;

接下来第二、三、四段,各段将对第一段提出的主题意思进行论述或分步骤分析,也就是说,每个段落都会有进阶的主题,即个各分论点,所以你要做的同样是迅速把它们找出来,位置和方法相同;

最后一段为全文的总结,并会对结论进行进一步的分析,或做推测,或作评论,这也是一个出题点,你要做的就是抓住总结的主旨和对其进一步分析的结论。

当然并不会所有文章都是5段,例如有的主题段落会有2段甚至更多,论点段落可能只有2段或多达4段以上(但一般不超过3段),难一点的文章里每个分论点也可能不止一段,我这里只是以5段为例,解释的是文章的结构,或者说一般构成,通过这个规律可以迅速将文章进行分解,进而掌握各部分的要点。

下面分析一下出题要点,或者说出题规律(如果题不会出得很偏的话),以一篇阅读文5题为例,一般为1个主题、1个分论点、2个细节题、1个结论或对结论的分析、推测。

可见掌握文章主题、分论点及结论分析就可以答对3/5,这是不需要逐字逐句读完全文的,而2个细节题怎么办呢,就需要通过题目提供的信息迅速分析出其所在的分论点,然后回到该分论点段落找到与这题相符的句子,一般如果题出得简单的话会是原句照搬,难一点的话会换个表达方式,再难一点则会绕个圈设个陷阱,这就需要非常小心,一定要舍得多花2秒钟把这句话和前后两句反复阅读,挖出陷阱。这样的话5道题都可以迎刃而解了,这就叫针对性解题。

说一下我的阅读答题习惯吧,一般我第一时间会先看题,并且非常认真的理解每道题的意思,提取有用的信息,虽然一般并不容易只通过问题一下子就找出文章主题,但一定能找到跟主题有关的词和信息,并且至少知道文章是在讨论某个东西还是在叙述某件事,也就是说是议论文、说明文,还是叙述文,然后迅速按上面的三步走,这样带着问题扫读全文,连细节题也可以非常迅速的找出来,最后将问题一一对应,全部解决!

方法交给你了,接下来就是多多练习,只有多练才能练到炉火纯青的地步,最后做阅读题简直是轻松+愉快!

好了,说了这么多,希望对你有所帮助!

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