江苏英语阅读理解顺序
英语在高考中非常重要,阅读理解更是是重中之重,所占分数比例大。阅读理解考验学生单词量,还考验学生的句型应用于时态。下面是我分享的高中英语阅读理解解题技巧,一起来看看吧。
高中英语阅读理解解题技巧
阅读积累
要提高阅读水平,词汇量与短语量非常重要。所以要提高阅读水平,我们就得学会积累词语。我们不妨这么做:在通读全文后看第二遍,遇到生词尽可能根据上下文来猜,仍猜不出意思的,就查词典,然后将这些词抄写在一本可随身携带的小本子上。
每当有空时,就拿出这个小本子来背诵记忆。这样做不但不费时,而且效果也很好。因为不时地接触、反复地记忆,词汇量会增加得很快。
根据上下文猜测词义
猜测词义也是一种英语阅读能力。英语阅读理解试题中有不少这样的题目。任何一个实词,只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。
上下文的作用就是帮助确定上下文中的词、短语或句子的意义。据此,我们可以尽可能地利用上下文来猜测词义,即从已知推求未知,也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义。
猜测词义时,我们可以从三个方面来考虑:
1)根据上下文已知部分进行逻辑上的推理。根据上下文猜测词义的方法有下列几种:根据定义或解释猜测词义;根据并列、同位关系猜测词义;根据同义、反义、因果关系猜测词义。
2)运用语法知识进行语法分析。
3)依靠常识和经验做出判断。
寻找出处,对号入座
由于阅读填表题要以所读材料为依据,在通常情况下,每个空格的所填内容一般可从给定材料中找到出处或依据,在做题时要充分利用这一特点,将“空格”与“出处”对号入座,然后根据表格中已有信息的表现形式,准确填出所缺内容。
同时,值得注意的是,如果表格所填信息与原文中的“出处”基本相同,则可直接对号入座;如果表格信息与原文中的“出处”有较大出入,则要进行适当的转换。
逻辑推理,做好深层理解题
在实际阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,阅读者要根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理,不能就事论事,以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。
高考英语阅读理解的解题思路
解答阅读理解题的总体思路是:单句人手。语篇突破,着眼整体,归纳推断。一般有以下两种阅读顺序(P=Passage,Q=Question):
(1)P-Q-P:即先看文章,后看问题,再通过阅读文章来解答问题。这是考生常用的按部就班的阅读方式。其特点是有利于考生把握文章的主旨和作者的态度。但采用这种阅读方式的考生往往阅读速度较慢,因此难以在阅读时积极主动地预测文章内容。
(2)Q-P-Q:即先将问题看一遍,然后带着问题去阅读文章,最后答题。其特点是针对性强,节省答题时间,比较适用于解答事实性和细节性的问题,但是解答主旨性和推断性问题的效果不明显。
P-Q-P方式或Q-P-Q方式的采用因人而异,无优劣之分。当然,题型不同,解题的方法也应有所不同。
常用的解题技巧有以下几种:
1.正选法与排除法
正选法即根据所读材料内容从正面选择最佳答案。如果在有些情况下从正面选择答案有困难,考生则可以考虑选用排除法,即排除四个选项中的三个错误选项,那么剩下的选项即为正确答案。排除法是解答阅读理解题的常用方法,对于那些不合情理或荒谬的选项、与短文内容相反的选项、与短文内容不相关的选项、虽在短文中出现但答非所问的选项,以及不是问题的主要因素的选项等,都可以采用排除法。
考生可以遵循如下三级思考的方法排除干扰项:
(1)如果干扰项明显与文章相矛盾,即为误,可以直接排除。
(2)如果干扰项与文章内容不矛盾,但在原文中没有依据,这种脱离原文的虚的选项也可以排除。
(3)有些干扰项似乎很有道理,文中也能找到相关的依据,但它并不能完全满足题目的要求,未能以文章的主题、作者的思维模式为出发点,未能充分体现严谨性和最大的合理性,这种虽没错但不是最佳答案的偏选项也可以排除。
只要考生经过是否矛盾?(误否)--是否有依据?(虚否?)--是否以偏概全
(偏否?)的逐级思考过程来分析和甄别每一个选项,那么解题的正确率就会得以提高。正确的答案应该是与原文意义一致的选项,或是经过三级思考仍不能排除的选项。请看2006年广东卷第64题:
?
A.-skilledworkers.
B..
C..
D..
此题为事实细节题,可以采用排除法。由文章第一段第一、二句-collar
jobs.Theyareconstructionworkers,truckdrivers,mechanics,steelworkers,
electricians,andthelike.可知,蓝领阶层的薪水不高这个事实,据此先排除B项;由第一段最后一句Theyconsider
thelowerclass,whomtheyoftenconsidertobelazy,dishonest,andtooready
toexploitpublic
assistance.可知,蓝领阶层是受人尊敬的、勤劳的群体,他们看不起那些懒惰、欺诈别人、依靠别人捐款生活的阶层,故排除C、D两项,正确答案为A项。
2.定位法与跳读法
定位法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息直接从原文中找到相应的句子(即定位),然后进行比较和分析(尤其要注意一些同义转换),从而找出正确答案。跳读法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息跳读原文,并找到相关的句子(有时可能是几个句子)或段落,然后进行分析和推理等,从而找出正确答案。请看2006年湖南卷第71题:
Whenshewasstillinherearly30s,
magazinesasPartisanReview,
life,,filmandart.
,
worldculture.
_____________.
A.
B.developedworldliterature,filmandart
C.
D.
解答本题可以用定位法。与题干意思相近的句子是上一句
life,,filmand
art。许多考生误选了A项,他们忽略了原文中出现的appearedas,意为似乎,好像,增加了句意的不确定性。故D项为最佳答案。
3.画图与列表法
画图法就是以时间、地点、事件或因果等为线索,找出关键词语,勾画出一幅完整、清晰的关于文章主题和细节的图示的方法。请看2006年浙江卷第48题:
Howisthetextorganized?
A.Inorderoftime.B.Inorderoffrequency.
C.Inorderofpreference.D.Inorderofimportance.
在解答此题时考生只要列一个表(见下表),按短文叙事的顺序展开故事发展的过程,正确答案就会一目了然。
thecartowork
另外,有些文章的信息点可能较为分散,涉及的内容比较多,此时考生若能恰当运用列
表的方法也会将难题化解。请看2006年安徽卷第61题:
both________.
A.popularalltheirfivesB.famousactresses
C.successfulwhenveryyoungD.richandkind-hearted
根据文章内容,考生可以列出以下四个相同的信息点(见下表):
--thestoryofVelvet
Brown,.(短文首句)
achildactress.(第一段末句)
,Taylorhadnotrouble
.(第二段)
,shehasbeenlucky:she
hasbeauty,fameandwealth.(末段第二句)
.
通过此表,考生可以清楚地得出本题的答案为C项。
4.概括法与推理法
概括法指根据所读材料概括文章主题、要点、标题和中心思想等;而推理法则指根据所读材料的字面意思,通过语篇的逻辑关系以及各个细节的信息和暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓意,悟出作者的言外之意和弦外之音。考生在运用推理法时首先要吃透文章的字面意思,从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索;然后再对文字的表面信息进行挖掘和加工,由表及里,由浅人深,从具体到抽象,从特殊到一般,通过分析、综合和判断等思维活动对文章进行深层处理以及合乎逻辑的推理。此时切忌就事论事、以偏概全,也不能主观臆想、随意揣测,更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。请看2006年浙江卷第55题:
AccordingtoWhite,
computers?
A..
B..
C..
D..
文章最后两段提到,接受调查的三个国家的妇女更有可能使用旧电脑,而英国比法国和德国使用up-to-date
computers的人更多,最后一段分析了其中的原因
,orcouldbe,a
maincauseof
dissatisfaction。由此可以推断,不断更新的技术也会使人产生焦虑,导致负面情绪的产生,所以被调查的妇女更喜欢使用旧电脑。
5.常识法与背景法
常识法是考生利用已有的常识进行识别和判断的方法。背景法与常识法相似,指考生充分运用所读材料的信息答题。请看2006年安徽卷第69题:
fireisallexampleof____________.
A.separatingthefireB.recingtheheat
C.removingthefuelD.cuttingofftheoxygen
本题为一道常识题,考生根据自己学过的化学知识可知,燃烧要具备三要素:可燃物、氧气和温度,这有助于理解第二段首句Sincefuel,oxygen
,oneormoreofthesethings
的意思;另外,通过第三段内容Anothermethodof
.Thisisusuallydoneby
coveringthefirewithsand,steamorsomeother
things.可以推断出:用cover的方法来灭火属于cuttingofftheoxygen的范畴。
高考英语的备考建议
1.理解与速度
考生要处理好理解与速度的关系。答题时要力求情绪平稳,不要一味追求速度而影响理解的准确性;不要拘泥于一词一句的理解;不要遇到不懂的地方就反复读,影响阅读速度。比较好的阅读方法是边看边想边理解。遇到生词或看不懂的地方先做个记号,继续看下去,因为一些疑难点往往会在下文中得到解决。
关于阅读速度,难度中等的文章应为每分钟60个单词左右;难度较低、生词不超过总词汇量20%的材料,阅读速度应为每分钟70个单词左右。一般来说,超纲而又影响阅读理解的词汇都会用中文标出词义。只有保证了阅读的速度才有可能在规定时间内完成阅读、复读及答题的任务。
2.阅读训练方式
在训练方式方面要力求多样化。常见的阅读训练方式有:掠读、寻读、精读和泛读等。在掠读、寻读时要掌握查阅的技巧。查阅时考生应迅速找到某一特定信息在短文中的位置,并以这个位置为中心,扩展到上文和下文,寻求正确答案。考生要学会用扫视的方法寻找信息。扫视时,眼睛要纵向而不是横向移动。运用扫视来扩大视觉范围能帮助考生又快又准确地捕捉到想要查找的信息。
考生应根据阅读目的选择阅读方式,调整阅读速度,合理分配阅读时间。
3.生词处理
考生在阅读时一定会碰上生词或记不清楚的词汇。遇到这种情况时,考生可以通过上下文猜测词义。具体方法如下:
(1)根据生词前后词汇的意思或整个句子的意思来猜测生词。例如:
.
根据句子后部分begantoread可以猜出spectacle的意思为眼镜。
(2)根据语法知识和标点符号来猜测生词。例如:
Theywillbeonthenightshift---frommidnightto6a.m.---nextweek.
此句两个破折号之间的部分表明nightshift是夜班的意思。
(3)根据说明词义的定语从句来猜测生词。例如:
Thetypeofmeteriscalledmulti-meter,whichisusedtomeasure
electricity.
从上句中的定语从句可以推断出multi-meter是万能表的意思。
(4)根据已知事实细节来猜测生词。例如:
melancholyonthatSundayinMay.Afterall,itwasMothersdayand800miles
.
根据上下文的陈述,刚刚搬家,远离父母,正好是星期天,又是母亲节,而两代人却天各一方等事实,可以推断出年轻妻子当时忧郁、伤感的心情,并由此猜测出生词melancholy的意思。
(5)学会只猜测生词的大概意思,而不必追求其准确含义。例如:
TheAsiangibbon,likeotherapes,.
在这句话中,考生只要猜出自gibbon是apes(类人猿)的一种就行了,毋须知道其准确意思。
(6)运用构词法判断生词的词义,也是提高阅读速度的一种技巧。考生可以通过已知的
词缀(包括前缀和后缀)和词根就能猜测生词的含义。例如,单词telescope由前缀tele(意思是far)和scope(意思是instrument
forseeingorobserving)构成,整个单词的意思是望远镜。为了熟练使用构词法知识猜测生词,考生在平时应多积累词缀以及词根方面的知识。
4.利用信号词进行预测和推测
在阅读过程中,为了既迅速又准确地理解文章的含义,利用信号词预测非常重要。信号词可以揭示句子内在关系或文章各部分之间的关系(见下表)。特别是在快速阅读时,它能帮助考生预测文章信息,提高阅读速度。
部分信号词及其所预示的信息
信号词预示的信息
however,onthecontrary,although等信号词引出的内容是与上文相反的论述,或作者不同的观点
similarly,equally,also,besides,furthermore,inotherwords等
下文与前面所讲内容相同或相似
forexample,forinstance等具体例证,说明上文中的论点
foronething,ontheotherhand等下文还有另外一方面
inaword,inshort等后面的句子是对上文的总结
actually,infact,thepointis,astudysurveyfound/showed/provedthat
等后面的句子往往是作者想要表达和强调的内容或观点
此外,在利用信号词进行预测时,考生还需注意以下三点:
(1)遇到预示前后内容相同或相近,或者补充说明的信号词时,可以适当加快阅读速度,或借此推测生词的词义。
(2)文中出现的频率较高的实词可以帮助考生确定文章的主旨大意。
(3)出现代词I,we,my,our,转折词but,however,yet,情态动词must,should,oughtto,
连词although,
『贰』 2010年4月江苏自考英语二的阅读理解题顺序打乱没有
都说是被打乱的,
考都考了,等结果吧
『叁』 2020年 高考英语 江苏卷 阅读理解精析
B
Sometimes it's hard to let go 放手 . For many British people, that can apply to 应用于 institutions and objects that represent their country's past — age-old 古老的 castles, splendid华丽的 homes ... and red phone boxes 红色电话亭 .
Beaten first by the march of (the march of sth ...的稳步发展) technology and lately by the terrible weather in junkyards (废品场) , the phone boxes representative of(be representative of sth/sb 典型的;有代表性的) an age are now making something of a comeback 再度流行 . Adapted in imaginative ways, many have reappeared on city streets and village greens housing tiny cafes, cellphone repair shops, or even defibrillator machines (除颤器).
The original iron boxes with the round roofs first appeared in 1926. They were designed by Giles Gilbert Scott, the architect 建筑师 of the Battersea Power Station in London. After becoming an important part of many British streets, the phone boxes began disappearing in the 1980s, with the rise of the mobile phone sending most of them away to the junkyards.
About that time, Tony Inglis' engineering and transport company got the job to remove phone boxes from the streets and sell them out (sell out 售空) . But Inglis ended up(end up doing sth 以...结束) buying hundreds of them himself, with the idea of repairing and selling them. He said that he had heard the calls 听到召唤 to preserve the boxes and had seen how some of them were listed as historic buildings 历史性建筑 .
As Inglis and, later other businessmen, got to work, repurposed(repurpose v. 为适应新用途对...稍加修改) phone boxes began reappearing in cities and villages as people found new uses for them . Today, they are once again 再一次 a familiar sight 熟悉的场景 , playing roles 扮演角色 that are often just as important for the community as their original purpose.
In rural areas在农村地区, where ambulances救护车 can take a relatively long time to arrive, the phone boxes have taken on 承担 a lifesaving role. Local organizations can adopt 采用 them for 1 pound, and install安装 defibrillators to help in emergencies在紧急情况下 .
Others also looked at the phone boxes and saw business opportunities 看到了商机. LoveFone, a company that advocates提倡 repairing cellphones rather than 而不是 abandoning them, opened a mini- workshop 车间 in a London phone box in 2016.
The tiny shops made economic sense 有经济意义 , according to 根据 Robert Kerr, a founder 创始人 of LoveFone. He said that one of the boxes generated around $13,500 in revenue收益 a month and cost only about $400 to rent.
Inglis said phone boxes called to mind 使想起 an age when things were built to last. "I like what they are to people, and I enjoy bringing things back," he said. (enjoy doing sth )
C
For those who can stomach (v. 能吃,吃得下) it, working out(work out 运动,锻炼) before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity .
Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance. However, far less has been known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health 整体健康状况 .
To find out, British scientists concted a study 进行了一项研究. They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us. They tested the men's fitness and resting metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates and took samples (样品) of their blood and fat tissue 脂肪组织.
Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists' lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed that, in theory理论上 , should allow his body to rely mainly on 主要依靠 fat for fuel. Before one of these workouts , the men skipped breakfast 不吃早餐 , meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast (禁食) . On the other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking.
Just before and an hour after each workout, the scientists took additional samples of the men's blood and fat tissue.
Then they compared the samples. There were considerable differences 巨大的差异 . Most obviously, the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of 在...的开始 their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten. As a result 结果 , they burned more fat 燃烧更多的脂肪 ring walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first. On the other hand 在另一方面 , they burned slightly more calories (卡路里), on average 平均 , ring the workout after breakfast than after fasting.
But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant, the researchers found.(强调句式) Multiple genes behaved differently, depending on whether 取决于是否 someone had eaten or not before walking. Many of these genes proce proteins (蛋白质) that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin (胰岛素) levels throughout the body and so are associated with 与...相联系 improved metabolic health 代谢健康 . These genes were much more active when the men had fasted before exercise than when they had breakfasted.
The implication应用 of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first.
D
I was in the middle of the Amazon (亚马逊) with my wife, who was there as a medical researcher. We flew on a small plane to a faraway village偏远乡村 . We did not speak the local language 说本地话 , did not know the customs, and more often than not 常常 , did not entirely recognize the food. We could not have felt more foreign 陌生的 .
We were raised on books and computers, highways and cell phones, but now we were living in a village without running water自来水 or electricity . It was easy for us to go to sleep at the end of the day feeling a little misunderstood.
Then one perfect Amazonian evening, with monkeys calling from beyond the village green, we played soccer 踢足球. I am not good at soccer, but that evening it was wonderful. Everyone knew the rules. We all spoke the same language of passes and shots. We understood one another perfectly. As darkness came over the field and the match ended, the goalkeeper 记分员 , Juan, walked over to me and said in a matter-of-fact way 平静地 , "In your home, do you have a moon too?" I was surprised.
After I explained to Juan that yes, we did have a moon and yes, it was very similar to 与... 非常相似 his, I felt a sort of awe (敬畏) at the possibilities that existed in his world. In Juan's world, each village could have its own moon. In Juan's world, the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous 令人惊讶的 . Anything was possible.
In our society 在我们的社会, we know that Earth has only one moon. We have looked at our planet from every angle and found all of the wildest things left to find. I can, from my computer at home, pull up satellite images of Juan's village. There are no more continents and no more moons to search for, little left to discover. At least it seems that way.至少看上去是如此。
Yet, as I thought about思考 Juan's question, I was not sure how much more we could really rule out 不考虑 . I am, in part 某种程度上 , an ant biologist, so my thoughts turned to what we know about了解 insect life and I knew that much in the world of insects remains unknown . How much, though? How ignorant (无知的) are we? The question of what we know and do not know constantly bothered me 一直困扰着我.
I began collecting newspaper articles about new species, new monkeys, new spiders..., and on and on 不停地 they appear. My drawer quickly filled. I began a second drawer for more general discoveries: a new cave system discovered with dozens of 许多 nameless species, four hundred species of bacteria found in the human stomach. The second drawer began to fill and as it did, I wondered whether there were bigger discoveries out there, not just species, but the life that depends on things thought to be useless, life even without DNA. I started the third drawer for these big discoveries . It fills more slowly, but all the same 依旧 , it fills.
In在做...的过程中 looking into the stories of biological discovery, I also began to find something else, a collection of scientists, usually brilliant, occasionally half-mad, who made the discoveries . Those scientists very often see the same things that other scientists see, but they pay more attention to them, and they focus on them to the point of exhaustion (穷尽) , and at the risk of the ridicule 嘲笑 of their peers. In looking for the stories of discovery, I found the stories of these people and how their lives changed our view of the world.
We are repeatedly willing to (be willing to do sth 愿意做某事) imagine we have found most of what is left to discover. We used to (used to do sth 过去常做某事) think that insects were the smallest organisms (生物) and that nothing lived deeper than six hundred meters. Yet, when something new turns up 出现, more often than not , we do not even know its name.
『肆』 高考英语(江苏)阅读理解解题技巧
我高考阅读没错,总分正好100
我自己是先看题目的,注意除了true,false的其他不要专看选项
不理解属的先跳过
生词不要纠结,大胆跳!
但是长难句(多个从句,有倒装,强调等)一定要好好分析
平时练习可以试着做段落大意的概括
高三初期不忙可以每天2篇阅读和别的完型,任务型阅读,忙起来要保证三天五篇
每星期要抽出连续的时间限时做4篇阅读
还有别忘了基础,要扩大词汇量,不仅仅3500,常见的超纲词汇也要记住
其实也没有捷径的
『伍』 2010江苏高考英语第一篇阅读
此题问的是:姓氏中“不”包含下列那个方面:生活地点;人的性格(character);人拥有的才干;人的职业。
第五段第一句说:最早的姓氏取自地名,比如Brook(布鲁克)取自地名brook(小写意思是小溪)
第六段第一句说:另一些早期姓氏取自职业名称,比如Smith(史密斯)取自smith(小写意思是铁匠)
第八段说:有些人相貌与众不同,或才干突出,于是姓氏中加入了这些元素。如同一村中有两个John,头发呈灰色的那个,就叫John Gray,音译成约翰格雷,意思是“约翰灰色”
另比如一个人叫John Fish,就是指那个擅长游泳的John,像鱼一样擅长游泳的John。证明C被提到。
我想你不理解的是character的准确意思---这里意思是“(内在)性格”, 不是外貌特征(looks)。
英汉字典上有的把character译成“特征”,指的是“性格特点,特征”
英英字典例句:主要体会下边例句,都是指性格方面的,抽象的,非外貌方面的。
1.
N-COUNT (可数名词)The character of a person or place consists of all the
qualities they have that make them distinct from other people or places. 性格;
特性
例:
Perhaps there is a negative side to his character that you
haven't seen yet.
或许他性格中有你还未看到的消极一面。
2.
N-COUNT(可数)You use character to say what kind of person someone is. For
example, if you say that someone is a strange character, you mean they
are strange. (具有某种特性的) 人
例:
It's that kind of courage and determination that makes him
such a remarkable character.
正是那种勇气和决心使他成为这样卓越的人。
参考资料:http://www.zxxk.com/article/302230.html
『陆』 江苏高考英语试卷的阅读篇 abcd是不是难度逐步增加
D篇难它是阅读文章的最后一题(毕枯有时候是问答题),而E篇的应该是段落的大手斗洞意理解的选择,销郑基本上E篇应该是做到一分不失~
『柒』 江苏高考英语阅读理解的解题技巧
2017江苏高考英语阅读理解的解题技巧
江苏省高考英语试卷总分120分,阅读题(泛指完形、任务型等)占据60分,其中阅读理解占据一半。因此,提高阅读理解能力成了学生考得好成绩的关键。同时,其命题特征以及解题技巧也成为高中师生的重点研究对象之一。下面是我为大家带来的高考英语阅读理解的解题技巧,欢迎阅读。
一、解读课程标准,回顾五年高考
普通高中英语课程标准指出,基础教育阶段英语课程的总体目标是培养学生的综合语言运用能力。本着着重培养高中生在人际交往中得体运用英语,提高学生用英语处理信息、分析、解决问题的能力及批判思维能力, 2011年到2015年江苏高考英语阅读理解选材呈现体裁多样,话题广泛,语言地道、内容新颖且贴近生活、时代感强的特点。
1. 从体裁、题材与题型方面解读
如下图,江苏近五年高考阅读理解还具以下特征:应用文、议论文、说明文居多,记叙文向夹叙夹议过渡并逐渐被取缔;常考题型有细节理解题;推理判断题;主旨/段落大意题;词义/句意猜测题。细节理解题及推断题比例较大;对文化背景知识的考查已成为阅读D篇的首选。
2. 从篇幅、字数及阅读速度方面解读
如下图,近五年阅读理解命题稳中求新。近三年阅读理解题目设计风格相似,设置题数均为A篇2题,B篇3题,C篇4题,D篇6题,而且D篇文章篇幅均比2011年、2012年长。此外,语篇字数逐步增加,阅读量渐大,近五年阅读速度达每分钟73词~79词,平均每篇文章要在6分钟~8分钟内完成。这就需要学生有较强的基本功,才能做到既有速度又有准度。由此可见,提高阅读理解时效性是取得高分的突破口。
二、把握特点,克服障碍,探究技巧
1. 准确定位,推敲细节
细节理解题需要学生对文章中的特定细节进行辨认和判断,多为直接性提问,难度相对较小,得分率较高,在近五年高考阅读理解题中所占比重较大,因此是学生夺取高分的基础。题干中常见考查信息有六点:时间、地点、人物、原因、事件和方式,简称为“5W1H”。5个W代表 when,where,who,what,why;1个H即how。常见提问方式有:According to the passage,5W or 1H(when, where, who, what, why, how)________?Which of the following is typical of…?What is unique of…?例如:What are you encouraged to do when travelling in New Zealand?(2015江苏高考57题)Which of the following is typical of offensive anger?(2014江苏高考63题)题干中常出现一些表示人名、地名的专有名词;表示年份、数字、百分数等数词;大写的名词等定位词。例如:Why is June 6,1990 a special day for Mommy?(2014江苏高考65题)What can we learn from the Florida study?(2015江苏高考62题)解题时,学生可采用读题干、选项→读文章→做题目的方式,通过题干定位词,找出原文中与正确选项匹配的同义表述,确定正确选项。
2. 忠实原文,理性推理
推理判断题常要求学生推断文章隐含意思、作者写作意图、观点态度、目标读者、文章出处等,其中推断文章隐含意思题较多。推断隐含意思的题干中常用到infer,imply,suggest,conclude,indicate,learn,intend,mean,describe,purpose等词。例如:By mentioning the Swiss study, the author intends to tell us that ________.(2015江苏高考58题)What can be inferred from Mommy's Anglo family life?(2014江苏高考68题)解题原则为立足原文推论,忌掺杂主观臆断。注意四个不选:对阅读材料简单重复而非推理的选项不选;文中没有谈及却又符合常识的选项不选;对文中提及的内容故意增减的选项不选。属于原文信息但并非题干要求内容的选项不选。对于其他考题,学生可根据文体特征,结合主旨推知文章出处、作者写作意图;结合内容判断作者观点;根据措辞口吻判断目标读者及作者态度(主观、客观、肯定、否定、中立)。
3. 理清篇章结构,归纳主旨/ 段落大意
理清文章结构,不仅有助于学生把握文章脉络结构,理解作者的观点在文中提出、展开的途径,还可帮助学生理解记忆文章的主要信息,学会有选择地阅读文章,从而提高阅读理解速度和准确度。文章的主旨大意常可以通过文章的常见写作方法体现出来。学生阅读文章时,可边分析写作方法,边寻找主题词或主题句,而后总结文章主旨。“三维设计高考总复习”把文章的写作方法分为以下几种:倒三角形写作法(▽),即“总-分”结构。开门见山提出主题,用细节支撑和发展主题句;正三角形写作法(△) ,即“分-总”结构。先表述细节,再归纳要点、结论、建议等,以概括主题思想;圆形写作法(○),常称为“总-分-总”结构。作者先提出主题,结尾时再次点出主题,对文首主题进一步引申;菱形写作法(?)开头先呈现一种社会现象或事例,然后引申出文章的中心或主题,而后对其作进一步的解释或发展。主题句常在文章中间出现;正方形写作法(□)的主题隐含在全文之中,没有明确的'主题句。建议无论主旨大意题在什么位置出现,把主旨大意题放在最后做,因为对另外几题的解题过程会帮助学生加深对文章的理解。
4. 突破生僻词汇,剖析长句难句,猜测词义/句意
高考对词汇句意的考查并非简单考查学生的词汇量,而是要求学生根据上下文进行合理推测。可以常识采取以下方法:
(1)“跳过去”“猜出来”。文中出现的生僻词,不影响理解的,学生大胆选择“跳过去”;需要准确理解含义的,则借助情景和上下文“猜出来”。例如:Consider that most famous economic rule of all:There's no such thing as a free lunch. Even if someone offers to take you out to lunch for free,the time you will spend in the restaurant still costs you something in terms of forgone opportunities. (2014江苏高考阅读B节选)分析:围绕“天下无免费的午餐”这一原则,文中举例说即使有人请你吃免费餐,你花时间吃免费餐也是有某些代价的。同时,结合全文核心词“机会成本”的含义推测,forgone opportunities指的是为某一机会而放弃的另一个机会。
(2)提取主干。阅读理解中出现的长句难句常带有较多修饰成分,即带有定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句等。理解长句难句的核心思想就是“提取主干”。抓住主干,理清成分有助于对句子的理解。例如:A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste, the concentration(含量) of gold and other precious metals was higher in so-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.(2015江苏高考阅读B节选)分析:整句主干:“A Swiss study reported that…”(剩余部分为that引导宾语从句)宾语从句中主干:“the concentration of gold…occurring minerals.”“while the weight…to total waste”为宾语从句中的让步状语从句。其中“represented by precious metals”为定语修饰“the weight of electronic goods”“in comparison to total waste”为比较状语。
此外,做阅读理解题时,考生要牢记“顺序原则”。高考阅读理解题目通常是严格按照文章的先后顺序,如果考试时发现某道题在原文定位不准,可先定位下一道题的原文出处,再按照顺序原则倒推本题出处。
三、结束语
普通高中英语课程标准指出:文化意识是得体运用语言的保证。学生要完胜高考阅读理解,就需要在平时就注重对词汇和语法知识的积累并强化多元文化背景材料的阅读,多读国外著名人物演讲稿、科普读物、简装版英文小说、各种适合高三学生的英语阅读刊物,提高对中外文化异同的敏感性和鉴别力,确保解题游刃有余。
;『捌』 江苏英语高考阅读理解总共有几篇文章
北京卷每年考四篇阅读理解,总词数不固定,但每年大致差不多。以2011年为例,四篇阅读理解(含题目)共1,985个词,平均每篇文章(含题目)500词左右。
『玖』 江苏高中英语考试有那几个部分分值分别是多少总分呢
从今年高考来看,主要有:
第一部分:听力,1*20=20分。
第二部分:英语知识运内用。1、单项选择,容1*15=15分。2、完形填空,1*20=20分。
第三部分:阅读理解,2*15=30分。
第四部分:任务型阅读,1*10=10分(填空)。
第五部分:书面表达(作文),25分。
满分120分。仅供参考,明年高考可能有所变化,因为江苏是新课改实验区。