英语阅读理解记叙文的主旨大意
⑴ 英语阅读中的主旨大意怎么读记叙文
一）重视英语词汇和习惯用法的积累
美国语言学家Driller (1978)根据词汇统计特征指出：如果我们认得25个最常见的英文单词，平均每页纸上的词我们会认得33%；如果认得135个常用词，则为50%；如果认得2500个，则为78%；如果认得5 000个，则为80%；一旦记得10 000个，可达92%。可见，阅读能力的高低和词汇量的大小是分不开的，目前大部分学生的词汇量偏少, 这是影响阅读能力提高的主要因素。那么怎样才能提高学生的词汇量呢？
1． 构词记忆法
据估计，英语词汇有100万到120万，但大部分单词是由构词法构成的。构词法包括派生、合成和转化。在教学中，让学生掌握常用的前缀（un/dis/im/il /super.）、后缀( ly/ less/ ful/ ment…)的含义及用法，就可以根据已知词猜出它的派生词，从而达到扩大词汇的目的。如：前缀super 有超过，超越的含义，就可以猜出supermarket （超级市场）supernatural (超自然的)、 superman （超人）、superstar （超级明星）等词的含义。。
2． 联想记忆法
由一个词联想到和它有关或无关的词，如看到live vi 生活，联想到其他词性及用法，如，直播的、活的等词义。
3． 广泛阅读记忆法
“To read well, you need a strong vocabulary.. To build a strong vocabulary, you need to read well.” 这句名言道出了阅读和词汇量的关系。要有流利的阅读，就必须有丰富的词汇。大量的阅读可以丰富你的词汇。
（二） 牢固掌握语法知识
近年来的NMET阅读理解短文的句式结构趋向复杂，语法知识在阅读中的作用已经突显出来。如在阅读中遇到另人费解的长句、难句，就可以借助语法，对句子进行适当的分析，搞清各部分的关系，从而准确理解整句的意思。以Decision-thinking is not unlike poker-it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think.(NMET 2000) 为例。该句的29个词中包含了主语从句，宾语从句、并列句和破折号连接的附加说明等多种关系。其中并列句中又有复合句，复合句中又有并列句。只有把句子的成分一一理清，才能掌握其意思。
（三）、积累一定的文化背景知识和生活知识
英语阅读能力的提高不仅需要一定的语言知识，还要有一定的文化背景知识和生活知识。例如在NMET2003的阅读理解A篇，该篇选材涉及地理，介绍了两座farthest/ most distant inhabited islands，一个为Guinness Book of Records 所认定的Tristan da Cunha;另一为复活岛（Easter Island）文章中出现了较多的专有名词，对于阅读经验不足的同学会形成干扰，而对于那些对Easter Day 等背景知识了解的同学，相对就会好些。另外在C篇中，出现了书刊号，如果熟悉这些，就会减少好多阅读困难。
（四）培养良好的阅读习惯，掌握有效的阅读技巧
要养成良好的阅读习惯，就要求平时多朗读，背诵精彩段落和文章，以培养语感。另外，有的同学在阅读时出声读、点读或回读，这些不良习惯都会影响阅读速度和对文章的理解。所以要克服这些不良习惯，作到不回读，不声读，不点读等。只有这样，阅读速度才能加快，理解的准确率才能提高。
除了良好的阅读习惯外，也要掌握正确的阅读技巧。教师要指导学生形成正确的思维方法。一般阅读时应注意以下几点：
1、略读（Skimming）即迅速浏览全文，抓住文章大意和主题句，明确作者的态度和意图。
2、跳读（Skipping） 即快速查找某一相关信息，读时要一目十行，对不相关的内容一带而过。
3、猜测生词(Guessing the new words) 在阅读过程中，不可避免的会遇到生词。如果一遇到生词就去查字典，或跳过去不看，都会影响对文章的理解。这样就要猜测生词的意思。不同的语境，单词的意思也就不一样。所以要根据上下文线索和构词法等知识去猜测。 快速阅读四大法则
在阅读英语材料时或是在考试过程中有很多人感到自己的阅读速度实在是跟不上需要，有些朋友就认为是自己的英语基础不行，然后就拼命的背单词，其实如果能够用正确的方法进行快速阅读训练的话，即使在原有的基础上也可以在阅读速度方面取得显著的提高，更何况很多情况下根本就不是英
语基础的问题。现在就让我们来看看练习快速阅读的四种方法。
1. 快速泛读（fast extensive reading）
平时要养成快速泛读的习惯。这里讲的泛读是指广泛阅读大量涉及不同领域的书籍，要求读得快，理解和掌握书中的主要内容就可以了。要确定一个明确的读书定额，定额要结合自己的实际，切实可行，可多可少。例如每天读20页，一个学期以18周计算，就可以读21本中等厚度的书(每本书约120页)。
2. 计时阅读 (timed reading)
课余要养成计时阅读的习惯。计时阅读每次进行5～10分钟即可，不宜太长。因为计时快速阅读，精力高度集中，时间一长，容易疲劳、精力分散，反而乏味。阅读时先记下“起读时间”(starting time)，阅读完毕，记下“止读时间”(finishing time)，即可计算出本次阅读速度。随手记下，长期坚持，必定收到明显效果。
3. 略读 (skimming)
略读又称跳读(reading and skipping)或浏览(glancing)，是一种专门的，非常实用的快速阅读技能。所谓略读，是指以尽可能快的速度阅读，如同从飞机上鸟瞰(bird's eye view )地面上的明显标志一样，迅速获取文章大意或中心思想。换句话说，略读是要求读者有选择地进行阅读，可跳过某些细节，以求抓住文章的大概，从而加快阅读速度。据统计，训练有素的略读者(skimmer)的阅读速度可以达到每分钟3000到4000个词。
阅读时，先把文章粗略地浏览一下，看看文章中是否有自己工作和学习需要的或自己感兴趣的资料和信息，然后确定这篇文章是否值得细读。在查找资料时，如果没有充分时间，而又不需要高度理解时，就可以运用略读技巧。“不需要高度理解”并非指略读时理解水平可以很低，而是说略低于一般阅读速度所取得的理解水平是允许的。
一般阅读的目标是在保持一般阅读速度的条件下，获得尽可能高的理解水平，通常达到70%或80%。略读时，理解水平略低一些是预料之中的事，平均理解率达50%或60%就可以了。
略读有下列四个特点：
(1)以极快的速度阅读大量材料，寻找字面上或事实上的主要信息和少量的阐述信息。
(2)可以跳过某个部分或某些部分不读。
(3)理解水平可以稍低一些，但也不能太低。
(4)根据文章的难易程度和达到的目的，不断灵活地调整阅读速度。
略读可以运用下列技巧：
(1)要利用印刷细节(typegraphical details)，如书或文章的标题、副标题、小标题、斜体词、黑体词、脚注、标点符号等，对书和文章进行预测略读(preview skimming)。预测略读要了解作者的思路、文章方式(模式)，以便把握大意，有关的细节及其相互关系。 ??
(2)以一般阅读速度(200～250wpm)，阅读文章开头的一、二段，力求抓住文章大意、背景情况、作者的文章风格、口吻或语气等。 ?
(3)阅读段落的主题句和结论句。抓住主题句就掌握了段落大意，然后略去细节不读，以求得略读速度。
(4)注意转折词和序列词。转折词如however, moreover, in addition等；序列词firstly, secondly等。
(5)若无需要，不必阅读细节
⑵ 英语阅读题主旨大意题解题技巧
英语阅读题主旨大意题解题技巧
由于大纲要求读懂议论文和说明文，而真正的考研当中大概95%都是议论文，而考议论文的话，最重要的就是考议论文最具有标志性的东西，也就是说议论文主要考的就是论点和论据，那论点表现在题目上最有标志性的就是主旨大意题。很多同学反应文章的主旨比较难抓，那我从文章的结构入手，旨在给学生梳理清楚!
【英语阅读题主旨大意题解题技巧】
(一)主旨大意题的命题规律
1.从考查的对象上划分，主旨大意题可分为两种：
(1)篇章主旨：针对全文的主题进行提问。主题句出现在首段的居多，其次是末段或为几段主题的综合。
(2)段落主旨：针对某一段或几段的主题提问。主题句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能不在此(几)句，需要从上下文中寻找或总结。
2.从考查的内容上划分，还可分为主题类(内容)(考查文章或段落的主旨大意)、目的类(考查文章或段落的写作目的)和标题类(要求考生选出文章的最佳标题)三种。
主旨大意题经常用main idea, main point, key point, maintopic, mainly discuss, mainly explain, is mainly about; purpose; best title等词语来表达。
(二)主旨大意题的常考点
1.段首、段尾句常考：段首、段尾句一般表达了文章的.中心思想，或者就是该段的主题句，对全文或全段起着提纲挈领的作用。
2.语义转折处常考：尤其是段首的语义转折，其后面往往是作者真实的写作目的或基本观点，即文章的中心思想所在。
3.因果句常考：因果句通常可以表现出作者的意图、观点甚至全文的主题，因此成为考点。
(三)主旨大意题的7招技巧
一篇文章的主旨往往会在文章的第一段或开头部分找到。作者会通过“首段提问法”、“转移重心法”、“独句段开头”、“类比开头”、“事例开头法”等约定俗称的方式暗示或引入主题。因此，解答主旨题时，大家要首先重点研读文章第一段和第二段的段首句。
1. 首段提问法
如果文章第一段的第一句话、最后一句话或者第二段第一句是一个疑问句，那么本文的主旨就很可能是对该问题的一个解答。在这里同学一定要注意的一点就是并列问句不是主旨。
2. 喜新厌旧类
如果文章第一段先描述一件事情，然后在本段或第二段首句出现转折词，进而表述另一件事情，那么本文主旨就是转折词之后的另一件事。这类题目多会考的一种题型是写作意图题。
3. 事例开头类
如果文章开头引用、叙述个人经历、讲述故事、描写一起事故等方式举例。其目的显然是要通过举例的方法引出文章主题。通常情况下，这类文章的主题都会在首段末句或第二段的首句。
4. 类比开头法
如果一篇文章开头或第一段涉及一项内容A，随后或者第二段开头用到“Now the same thing is happening to B”等表示类比的句型，那么，这时可以确定本文主旨是B内容。
5. 独句段法
如果一篇文章的第一段是一句话，那么本文的主旨就是本句话所表达的内容。
6. 大众观点法
如果作者在文章的开头引用大众的或他人的观点，其目的显然是要通过大众或他人引出自己的观点。通常情况下，这类文章的主题会在表述大众观点或他人观点的句子之后。
7. 各段分述法
有些文章的第一段可能并没有采用上述方法来引入主题，这时可以考虑本篇文章是否采用了“各段分述，围绕主题”的方法。
总而言之，主旨类题在考研英语阅读理解中占据着相当重要的位置，能否正确理解文章主旨，对于作对阅读题具有绝对的指导性意义。而且，尤为关键的是，掌握了文章的主旨，对于其他题目的选择有着相当强的指导作用。
;⑶ 高考英语阅读:主旨大意题的解题技巧
高考英语阅读:主旨大意题的解题技巧
马上就要高考了，我整理了一些比较有针对性的高考英语复习技巧资料给大家参考，希望可以帮助同学们提高自身综合英语能力，战胜高考。
一、主旨大意题的命题形式
主旨大意题旨在考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，亦即考查考生的归纳概括能力。这类试题包括要求考生选出短文的标题(title, headline)、短文或段落的主题(subject)、中心思想(main idea)、作者的写作目的(purpose或为传递信息、或为愉悦读者、或为阐述某一道理)等。这类题的设问方式主要有：
(1)The subject of the passage/paragraph is ______.
(2)The main idea of the passage/paragraph is______.
(3)The text is mainly about ______.
(4)The passage mainly centers on ______.
(5)The passage mainly tells about ______.
(6)What is the subject discussed in the text?
(7)What is the main idea of this passage?
(8)What is the passage mainly about?
(9)What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?
(10)What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?
(11)Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
(12)Which title best gives the idea of the passage?
(13)What would be the best title for the text?
(14)What might be the most suitable title for the passage?
(15)The best headlines for this newspaper article would be______
(16)The main purpose of announcing the above events is to give information about ______.
(17)The writer's purpose in writing this story is ______.
(18)What is the author's main purpose?
(19)What does the writer really want to tell us in this passage?
(20)The writer wrote the story in order to______.
(21)What is the advice given in the text / passage / article?
二、寻找主题句的方法
正确的解答这类题目的关键是准确地找出文章的主题句。一般来说，一篇文章常常会围绕着一个中心思想或一个主要话题展开，而这个话题又常常通过一个能比较全面地覆盖或概括文章意思的句子，即所谓的“主题句”来体现。那么，主题句通常在哪里呢?(1)主题句在文首;(2)主题句在文中;(3)主题句在文末;(4)主题句以首尾呼应的形式出现在文首和文末。
1. 主题句在文首
这类文章写法上的特点是：文章的第一句起着点题的作用，概括了文章的主要内容或信息，下文接着对主题句所涉及的话题进行具体的`阐述。如：(全国高考题)
A JINTAN, JIANGSU: The 20 students — 18 boys and 2 girls —had a thousand reasons to beproud of themselves. They had just climbed their way to the top rung(阶梯)out of 4 millionstudents taking part in the Fifth National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest (竞赛)onTuesday evening.
The 20 gold medal winners are all primary and middle school students under the age of 14.
"Many of the problems are of college level and these pupils can figure them out. It is justunbelievable!" said a teacher from Guangdong province.
Named after China's most famous mathematician, Hua Luogeng, the contest started in 1986,one year after his death. In less than 10 years, it has been recognized by the State EcationCommission(国家教委) as the country's biggest and best contest of its kind.
This news story is mainly about ______.
A. when the contest started
B. how the contest got its name
C. the 20 pupils who have won gold medals in the contest
D. the 5th National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest
【分析】这是一篇报道，文章的第一段只有两句话：“20个学生(2女18男)有充分的理由为自己感到自豪，因为他们夺得了第五届华罗庚杯数学竞赛的金奖，是4百万参赛学生中的佼佼者”，下文接着对竞赛的有关情况进行报道，因此，第一段实际上就是这篇报道的主题句。A、B、C分别只包含了报道的部分信息，显然不合题意;D选项与主题句的意思完全一致，因此是正确答案。
2. 主题句在文中
这类文章写法上的特点是：开始部分是引题，接着是点题，最后是对主题进行叙述，主题句常常起着承上启下的作用。如：(全国高考题)
Fat on human beings is distributed in different ways.Some fat people have a large stomach and nowaistline—which makes them look round, rather likeapples. Others are fatter below the waist, whichmakes them appear pear-shaped.
There are two types of fat: external fat (fat underthe skin) and internal fat (fat inside the body wall). Doctors, who have been examining therelationship between health and fatness, have found that the 'pears' have less internal fat, butthe 'apples' have more internal fat than external fat. This seems to be what causes the healthproblems.
The best treatment for fatness is to rece the internal fat. But unfortunately it seems thatdieting (节食) simply makes an apple-shaped person into a smaller apple and a pear-shapedperson into a smaller pear. At the moment there is no known way of recing the internalrather than external fat.
⑷ 怎样做好高考英语阅读理解的主旨大意题
主旨大意题是高考阅读理解的主要题型之一， 旨在考查考生对锻炼大意或者文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力。
解题前先要了解主旨大意题的分类。
大部分情况下，主旨大意题可分为两种，①篇章主旨：针对全文的主题进行提问。主题句出现在首段的居多，其次是末段。②段落主旨：针对某一段或几段的主题提问。主题句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能需要从上下文中寻找或总结。
所以对于说明文和论述文这2中问题，如果问篇章主旨的话，解题重点在于看首段；段落主旨重点在于看该段首句。
而如果是记叙文，就需要通读全文，看懂全文在讲什么？然后进行回答。
最后必须了解关注主旨大意题干扰项的特点。我们了解干扰项的特点,有助于迅速、果断地排除这些干扰项,从而确定正确的答案.通常情况下,干扰项具有如下五个特点：
1.主题变大.干扰项所归纳、概括的范围变大,超过文章实际所提及的内容.
2.断章取义.干扰项常以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的设计内容,或者以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点.
3.以偏概全.干扰项只表述了文章的部分内容,也就是文章的局部信息.
4.无中生有,似是而非.有的干扰项中的关键词语好似在文章中谈到了,但认真分析之后会发现这类干扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系.
5.张冠李戴.命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上,构成一个干扰项.我们不注意的情况下,会造成错选答案.
⑸ 英语阅读理解主旨大意解题技巧
英语阅读理解主旨大意解题技巧
主旨大意题是高考阅读理解的主要题型之一， 旨在考查考生对锻炼大意或者文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力。此类题数量较大，在15个题中约占3-4个。下面就跟着我一起来详细了解一下主旨大意题的解题技巧吧!
◆主旨大意题的分类
⑴从考查对象上划分，主旨大意题可分为两种
①篇章主旨：针对全文的主题进行提问。主题句出现在首段的居多，其次是末段或为几段主题的综
②段落主旨：针对某一段或几段的主题提问。主题句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能需要从上下文中寻找或总结。
⑵从考查内容上划分，主旨大意题可分为三种
①主题类(内容)，考查文章或段落的主旨大意;
②目的类，考查文章或段落的写作目的;
③标题类，要求考生选出文章的最佳标题。
◆设问特点：
1. 考查全文主旨或段落大意。
2. 正确选项概况范围大小恰当，主旨判断准确。
3. 错误选项的特点常常是太大、太窄或者偏离主题，主观臆断。
4. 常以main idea, best idea, subject, mainly discuss 等词提问。
◆常考问题：
1). 中心思想类
The main point /idea of the passage is…
The passage is mai nly about…
The passage mainly discusses…
The last but one paragraph is chiefly concerned with…?
Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?
2).标题类
Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
The best title for the passage would be …
3).目的类
The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to …
The passage is meant to ….
In writing this passage, the author mainly intends to…
【技巧点拨】
1. 寻找主题句:
抓住段落或文章主题的捷径之一就是在段落或文章中寻找主题句。主题句是指能表达或概况段落主题或文章主要内容的句子， 通常是一个简洁、完整、具有概况性的句子，较多出现在说明文和议论文中，而其他句子则围绕着主题句展开进行说明解释或扩展。
主题句在文中的位置:
1)开门见山：提出主题----细节支撑阐明主题
2)段末点睛：细节描述----归纳要点---概括主题
3)段中点旨：细节描述---归纳主题---进一步解释
4)无主题句:考生需根据文章中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括和总结文章的大意
2. 捕捉关键词：
略读是概括和归纳文章或段落大意的基本方法。略读时要快，把注意力集中在关键词(即实词)上，非关键词(即虚词)则一带而过。注意出现频率高的词可能是蕴涵中心思想的关键词，分析归纳筛选出最能表达主旨或这这意图 的`关键词，继而确定文章的主旨大意。
3. 仔细推敲选项：
1)主旨大意题的干扰项的特点有：
①以偏概全：只阐述了文章的部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息;
②无中生有或似是而非：有的干扰项中的关键词语好像在文章中谈到了，但认真分析之后你会发现这类干扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。
③主题扩大：归纳概括的范围过大，超过文章实际讨论的内容;
④张冠李戴：命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上，构成一个干扰项。在我们不注意的情况下，会造成错选答案。
2)主旨大意题的正确选项特征
①含有抽象名词和概括性词语的选项往往是正确答案;
②较全面、有针对性地表达文章中心思想的选项一般是答案项。
;⑹ 英语阅读理解技巧主旨
英语阅读理解技巧主旨
主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。下面我给大家整理有关英语阅读理解主旨大意题的解题技巧，欢迎大家阅读学习!
【主旨大意题解题技巧】
主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。
常见的设题方式有:
1 标题类常见的标题型题干
1)The best title/ headline for this passage might be_____________.
2)The text (passage) could be entitled ______________.
3)What is the best title for the passage?
4)Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage?
2 大意类常见的主题型题干
5) This passage chiefly deals with____________.
6) What‘s the topic of the article?
7) What is the subject discussed in the text?
8) With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned?
3 目的主旨大意题
The author‘s main purpose in writing the passage is______. The passage is meant to _____ The purpose of this article is _______
这类题通常围绕一个中心思想展开。不少文章一开头便展示出文章的中心思想。第一段常常是内容的梗概，同时又表达了中心思想，但是不少文章的中心思想贯穿全文，并没有用一句话明确表达出来。这就要求学生学会归纳概括。每个段落往往也由一个主题句或几个陈述句构成，它们在句中的位置不同，有时在开头,首先点明本段大意; 有时在结尾, 总结本段大意。
做这类题，首先要找出文章的主题句。找出文章的主题句，也就明确了文章要讲什么，再通过速读全文，就可以把握文章的中心思想了。另外在许多文段中，没有可以概括全段意义的主题句，必须根据文章中所提供的事实细节，进行全面分析，然后归纳成一般概念。但必须注意，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。
A.主题句呈现的形式
1?文首开门见山, 提出主题, 随之用细节来解释, 支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想. 最常见的演绎法写作方式. 例1.The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops.
例2.Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious. The world population is rising, so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, human life on earth will not survive.
2).文尾?在表述细节后, 归纳要点, 印象, 结论建议或结果, 以概括主题. 这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式
3).文中通常前面只提出问题， 文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出, 而后又作进一步的解释, 支撑或发展.
例4.Nothing is as useful as a flashlight in a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand a camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.
4).首尾呼应?为突出主题, 作者先提出主题, 结尾时再次点出主题, 这种首尾呼应的'写作方式较为多见. 但前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复, 后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。
例5.?首段?Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes, “ It was seeing people with snakes bites that led me to the career.“she said„
?尾段?“The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes.‖Shu said.
5).无主题句?即主题句隐含在全文中, 没有明确的主题句. 必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节?进行全面考虑?综合分析?然后找出共同的东西?归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是?既不能以偏概全?也不能在概括时过于宽泛?要恰如其分。
例6.Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.
Q: What is the main idea of the passage? ????
A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer. B. Bingham is a diligent student.
C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent ecation. D. A good lawyer needs good ecation.
[分析]此文没有主题句。全篇共四句?只陈述了四个细节(detail)性的事实。因此就答案本身看?个个都对。读者只能将所有的details综合起来?进行逻辑推理?才能构成一个没有言明的主题思想(unstated main idea)。由于文中主要涉及了Joshua Bingham接受教育的情况?即作者想告诉我们的是?Joshua Bingham接受过良好的教育?所以答案是 ?
除了以上主题句呈现的常见形式外还要注意标志词 文章或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标志性的提示后。如?on the whole, as a result, in short, therefore, thus„..I agree with the opinion that„.;Given all these points above, I would support the idea that„.; For all the reasons mentioned above, I would prefer„.
;⑺ 主旨大意的英文
主旨大意的英文:Main idea
考生对这袜蠢一构造的掌握，有助于迅速掌握文章的主题，把告禅陪握文章的脉络，从而快捷而准确地抓住文章或段落的中心思想。解答此类题目的关键在于迅速抓住阅读文章的主题句。
考生只要找准了主题句，对于阅读理解中的主旨大意题就迎刃而解了。
主题句的显著特点：主题句所表达的意思具有明显的概括性；句子构造简单精练；文章或段落中的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步解释、说明、论证或扩展。
⑻ 高中英语阅读理解之主旨大意的解题方法
高中英语阅读理解之主旨大意的解题技巧
典例剖析1.[2015·江苏高考，C篇]Suppose you become a leader in an organization. It's very likely that you'll want to have volunteers to help with the organization's activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.
Let's begin with the question of why people volunteer. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved. For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.
People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift people's wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g., “I volunteer because it's important to me.”) to an external factor (e.g. ，“I volunteer because I'm required to do so.”). When that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.
Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question, researchers have concted followup studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. Although this result may not surprise you, it leads to important practical advice. The researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”.
Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on indivial differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role. It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work. Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.” Consistent with the researchers' expectations, they found a positive correlation (正相关) between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results, once again, lead to concrete advice: “Once an indivial begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity... Items like Tshirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity.”
QWhat is the best title of the passage?
A.How to Get People to Volunteer
B.How to Study Volunteer Behaviors
C.How to Keep Volunteers' Interest
D.How to Organize Volunteer Activities
[答案]A主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要阐述了人们为什么要做志愿者，和持续进行志愿活动与志愿者身份认同之间的正比关系，并强调要加强对志愿者身份的认同。A项“如何让人们参与志愿者活动”能概括文章中心，适合做标题。故选A。
2.[2015·天津高考，B篇]Whether in the home or the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years. Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way, said Cynthia Breazeal, chief scientist at the robot company Jibo.
While household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools. For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad. This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.
...
QWhat does the passage mainly present?
A.A new design idea of household robots.
B.Marketing strategies for social robots.
C.Information on household robots.
D.An introction to social robots.
[答案]D主旨大意题。第一段第一句“Whether in the home or the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years.”开篇点题并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，本文是一篇说明文，主要对社交机器人进行了简要的介绍。故选D。
技能演练
CHICAGO (Reuters)Smoking not only can wrinkle (皱纹) the face and turn it yellow—it can do the same to the whole body, researchers reported on Monday.
The study, published in the Archives of Dermatology, shows that smoking affects the skin all over the body—even skin protected from the sun.
...
Smoking can also damage the connective tissue (组织) that supports both die skin and the internal organs.
QThe best title for this passage would be ________.
A.The Danger of Smoking
B.Smoking Causes Skin Aging
C.Quit Smoking for Health
D.A Survey of Smokers
答案：B主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了吸烟影响皮肤，使皮肤衰老。所以选B。
2.British pupils taught by Chinese are better than their peers in maths and science, a new study has found.
In a study aimed at comparing the British and the Chinese school systems, pupils taught by Chinese teachers outperformed the rest of their peers in a series of exams set by an independent research body (The Institute of EcationIOE).
In an experiment for BBC Two's “Are Our Kids Tough Enough? Chinese School”， five teachers from China were responsible for the ecation of 50 students for four weeks at Bohunt School in Hampshire. Learning together in one classroom, the students of mixed abilities were taught in a Chinese style ecation system, with 12 hour days and a stricter learning regime (制度).
...
QWhat's the test mainly talk about?
A.The British students guided by the Chinese teachers behave better than their mates in some aspects of schooling.
B.Chinese teachers are better than American teachers in maths and science.
C.The school systems between China and Britain are so different.
D.The Chinese teachers show a stricter learning to the British students.
答案：A主旨大意题。本文主要讲述由中国老师指导的英国学生在学校的表现比其他学生要好。所以选A。
3.In an incredible feat (技艺) of memory, college lecturer Li Yan, 51, recited every word of an EnglishChinese dictionary, a total of 220,000 words.
The 51yearold business English lecturer at Xi'an Jiaotong University in Xi'an, started to recite the entire content of an EnglishChinese dictionary on August 6, 2013, and completed the task 19 days later. Since that first recitation, she has performed the task 28 times.
“I tried to remember every word in the dictionary in order to make it easier for me to teach my classes，” Li said.
Her perseverance (坚持) comes from a hard life that taught her to keep going forward no matter how many difficulties she encountered.
...
QWhat could be the best title for the text?
A.A Responsible Mother
B.An Effective Teaching Method
C.An Extraordinary Female
D.A Living Dictionary
答案：D主旨大意题。本文主要讲述的是一个大学讲师，通过努力把一部英汉词典全部背过，堪称一部“活词典”。
4.[2016·青岛联考]I work in a nursing home and my job is to take care of the elderly.
This year, a very sweet old lady that I cared for, Alice, had gone through a difficult time. She got dementia and so she had been in the hospital twice. In November I was finally able to get her back to her “home”.
Alice had thought her daughter was coming to visit her on Christmas Day and that they were going to have the whole family together like the old days. When she finally realized that that happy moment was not going to happen, she was very sad. Knowing that her daughter was coming after Christmas was not enough to make her feel happy. I hated the idea of her being alone on the holiday!
On Christmas Eve, I gave her a surprise by asking if she would like to go to a candlelight service at church that night.
Instead of taking her to my church, I took her to her old neighborhood church where all her friends were. We got there early and I got her a seat where her friends could see her as they came in. Then soon some of her friends came to the church and they rushed over to greet her and sit with her.
The candlelight service was beautiful and Alice got a lot of love from her old and new friends there.
The truth of the story is that I am the one who got the best gift: the smile on Alice's face.
QWhat is the best title for this passage?
A.A Special Candlelight Christmas Eve
B.The Dream of All Old Lonely Ladies
C.My Special Job
D.The True Love
答案：A主旨大意题。本文讲述了作者帮助一位老人过了一个特别的烛光平安夜的故事，故选A项。
高中英语阅读理解之指代对象题的解题技巧
典例剖析[2015·浙江高考，C篇]If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars, we would go in darkness happily, the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal (夜间活动的) species on this planet. Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night: We've engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
...
QWhat does “it”(Paragraph 1) most probably refer to?
A.The night. B.The moon.
C.The sky. D.The planet.
[答案]A指代判断题。根据第一段中的“even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night: We've engineered it to receive us by filling it with night.”可知，事实上，虽然我们并不承认自己是白昼生物，但很多时候我们总是用光来照亮夜晚，故此处it指代前面的“the night”。故选A项。
2.[2015·湖南高考，A篇]...
Cyclists jump on and off pavements (which are meant for pedestrians), ride at speed along the pavements, and think they have a special right to go through traffic lights when they are on red.
I was almost knocked down recently by a cyclist riding on the pavement when there was a cycle lane right next to him.
Other road users, including horse riders, manage to obey the rules so why not cyclists?
It's about time they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident, at least they can be traced and there might be an opportunity to claim.
——JML
Write to Viewpoints of the newspaper.
QThe underlined word “they” in the third letter refers to ________.
A.accidents B.vehicles
C.pedestrians D.cyclists
[答案]D指代判断题。根据第三封信第一段第一句的主语“Cyclists”可知，该信主要是对骑自行车者的抱怨和建议;结合画线词所在句中的“they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident”可知，骑自行车者应该注册登记并购买保险，这样当他们撞上行人或车辆，引发事故时，可以被查出，承担责任。由此可推知，“they”指代的是“cyclists”。故D项正确。
3.[2015·福建高考，B篇]...
Papa, as a son of a dirtpoor farmer, left school early and went to work in a factory, for ecation was for the rich then. So, the world became his school. With great interest, he read everything he could lay his hands on, listened to the town elders and learned about the world beyond his tiny hometown. “There's so much to learn，” he'd say. “Though we're born stupid, only the stupid remain that way.” He was determined that none of his children would be denied (拒绝) an ecation.
Thus, Papa insisted that we learn at least one new thing each day. Though, as children, we thought this was crazy, it would never have occurred to us to deny Papa a request. And dinner time seemed perfect for sharing what we had learned. We would talk about the news of the day; no matter how insignificant, it was never taken lightly. Papa would listen carefully and was ready with some comment, always to the point.
QThe underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to “________”.
A.one new thing B.a request
C.the news D.some comment
[答案]C指代判断题。根据画线词前面的“We would talk about the news of the day; no matter how insignificant”可知，吃晚饭的时候，作者一家人会谈论这一天所发生的新闻，不管这些事是多么的无关紧要。由此可推知，“it”指代的是这句话中的“the news”。故答案选C。
技能演练Have you heard of the term “tweenager” ? It's a new word being used in the UK to describe children between the ages of about 10 and 12. Why are the media suddenly referring to kids in this way?
Well, more and more companies are beginning to create procts and services for tweenagers. The Disney company sells the Hannah Montana television show, music, films and procts to tweenagers and their parents. You can get everything from branded lunchboxes and cellphones, to fan magazines and clothing. The High School Musical series of films is also intended for a tweenage audience. So, it's all about sales, which tells us tweenagers must have more money, freedom and influence upon their parents than they have ever had before.
...
QThe underlined word “they” in the second paragraph most probably refers to “________”.
A.companies B.sales
C.tweenagers D.their parents
答案：C指代判断题。现在的孩子比以前的孩子有更多的零花钱、更多的自由，以及对家长的影响更大了。这里是拿现在的孩子跟以前的孩子对比，所以选C。
2....
Like Schmid, the editors of several selfpublished art magazines also champion (捍卫) found photographs. One of them,_called simply Found, was born one snowy night in Chicago, when Davy Rothbard returned to his car to find under his wiper (雨刷) an angry note intended for some else：“Why's your car HERE at HER place?” The note became the starting point for Rothbard's addictive publication, which features found photographs sent in by readers, such a poster discovered in our drawer.
...
QThe underlined word “them” in Paragraph 4 refers to ________.
A.the readers
B.the editors
C.the found photographs
D.the selfpublished magazines
答案：D指代判断题。根据第四段第一句“Like Schmid, the editors of several selfpublished art magazines also champion (捍卫) found photographs.”以及第二句中画线后的“called simply Found”可推知，them指代“self-published art magazines”，所以选D。
3.[2016·山西联考]...
The latest Chinese “god song” (an Internet term to describe pop songs that spread virally through the Internet) is still stirring up fierce debates between those who view it as a milestone for Chinese pop music going global and those who regard it as a bad image of China.
Last week, Little Apple, written and performed by the Chopsticks Brothers, won the AMA International Song Award and the_o performed the song at the 2014 American Music Awards in Los Angeles. Another Chinese pop singer, Zhang Jie, won the International Artist Award.
...
QWhat do the underlined words “the o” refer to?
A.Little Apple.
B.Chopsticks Brothers.
C.Zhang Jie.
D.American singers.
答案：B指代判断题。根据第二段的第一句“Last week, Little Apple, written and performed by the Chopsticks Brothers, won the AMA International Song Award and the_o performed the song at the 2014 American Music Awards in Los Angeles.”可推知，the o的意思是“一对表演者”，此处代指《小苹果》的表演者“筷子兄弟”，故选B项。
4.[2016·南昌一模]...
Even if trees cannot walk, they are still on the move.
In parts of the Arctic, entire forests are moving northward. Across the Arctic, temperatures are rising faster than anywhere else in the world. As that happens, the tree line that marks where forests stop and the treeless tundra (冻原) starts has been shifting northward. Trees growing along the tree line must protect themselves from the cold wind. To do this,_plants tend to grow horizontal (水平的) branches low to the ground. The energy it takes for trees to grow this way means they don't have enough energy to make seeds.
QWhat does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A.To proce more seeds.
B.To move northward
C.To respond to the climate change.
D.To protect themselves from the cold wind.
⑼ 高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧
高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧
导语：高考复习的重点一是要掌握所有的知识点，二就是要大量的做题，以下是我为大家精心整理的高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧，欢迎大家参考！
阅读理解之主旨大意题
我们阅读一篇文章， 首先是要了解其大意， 明确其主旨。因此， 主旨大意题是常考题。主旨大意题包括：主要内容(main idea, mainly about)型、文章标题(title)型、写作目的(purpose)型。广东高考近几年来考查过的题目中mainly about只考过4题，title题考了5题， purpose题考了5题。
解题技巧
1.弄清文章的大意， 关键是找到主题句。
主题句的位置：主题句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼应， 有时也在文中，或没有主题句，需根据文章所述内容进行归纳。各段的主题句也常在该段的首句或尾句。议论文和说明文一般有主题句，但记叙文通常没有主题句，需要归纳。
2.找主题句的方法：用浏览法(skimming)，即
快速阅读文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主题线索和主题信息。找主题句的四个小窍门：
(1)段落中出现表转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, actually等)时， 该句很可能是主题句。
(2)首段出现疑问句时， 对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
(3)作者有意识地反复重复的观点，通常是主旨;反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
(4)表示总结或结论的话常有therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等。
3.关于干扰项和正确答案。
(1)干扰项可能属文中某个具体事实或细节;可能属文中某些 (不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论;可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。
(2)正确答案：是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的;但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。
4.在阅读理解中，主旨大意题常有以下几种命题方式： (1)Main idea型：选择项多为陈述句，要求考生选择表达作者思想或观点的.句子。题干多为如下形式：
①What's the main idea/point of the passage?
②The passage is mainly about________.
③The passage is mainly concerned about________.
④Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?
⑤Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea/theme of the passage?
⑥In this passage the author discusses primarily______.
⑦The subject discussed in this text is________.
⑧The general/main idea of the passage is about________.
(2)Main purpose型：选择项多为动宾结构，要求考生找到主要的写作目的，常见以下几种题干形式：
①What's the purpose of the passage?
②The passage is meant to________.
③The purpose of the article is to________.
④In this passage the writer tries to tell us that________.
⑤The passage tells us that________.
⑥The author's main purpose in writing the passage is to ...
(3)标题型：选择文章标题是另一类对主旨大意题考查的形式，命题形式：
①The best title of the passage is________.
②Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
③The best title for the passage is________.
④The most appropriate title of the passage is________.
In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animal. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy.
典型例析
From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people...Often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness...But only when we stop
pretending we're brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness that's in them.
30.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A.A Wheelchair Experience.
B.Weakness and Kindness.
C.Weakness and Strength.
D.A Driving Experience
解析：主旨大意题。在第一段中，出现了表转折的But...可知，“But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people”便是主题句，再根据第二段最后一句可以确定，这句的确是主题句。又因标题要简明、醒目，故选B。
答案：B
In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources (资源), the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. Actually, the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持续的)ways. That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable
procts.In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.
Today, sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries....In recent years the markets for sustainable procts have grown by more than 50%.
45.What is the main purpose of the passage?
A.To introce a new business model.
B.To compare two business models.
C.To predict a change of the global market.
D.To advocate sustainable development.
解析：主旨大意题。在第一段中，出现了转折的Actually，其后的“People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed，and that we must be able to develop in sustainable(可持续的)ways”是主题句，随后的两句话都是对这一句进
行解释;句中两个must清楚表明了作者“提倡可持续发展”，第二段首句“Today，sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries”进一步说明，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是“提倡可持续发展”。故选D。
答案：D
Although the use of the expression is an insincere, meaningless social custom at times, there is nothing wrong with the sentence except that it is little uninteresting. The salesgirl, the waitress, the teacher, and all the countless others who speak it without thinking may not really care about my day. But in a strange and comfortable way, it's nice to know they care enough to pretend they care when they really don't care all that much. While the expression may not often
be sincere, it is always spoken. The point is that people say it all the time when they like.
30.What is the best title of the passage?
A.Have a Nice Day — a Social Custom
B.Have a Nice Day — a Pleasant Gesture
C.Have a Nice Day — a Heartwarming Greeting
D.Have a Nice Day — a Polite Ending of a Conversation
解析：主旨大意题。由该段的第一句(特别是custom一词)可知。
答案：A
(2013年高考)Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear.Children know this very well. Fred Epstein，in his book If I Make It to Five，tells a story he heard from one of friends about Tom，a fouryearold boy with a cancer in his back bone.He came through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imagination
…
It doesn't mean that you should dress as a superhero for you next job interview. But，next time you are tested in a way that seems impossible, imagine what it would take to overcome it. Become the person you need to become to win over your challenge and do it in your mind first. So，let your imagination run wild，and dare to dream.
30.What is the purpose of the passage?
A.To tell us an interesting story.
B.To help us make right decisions.
C.To advise us to care about children.
D.To encourage us to use our imagination.
解析：主旨大意题。由文章首句Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear和全文末句So, let your imagination run wild, and dare to dream可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励我们运用我们的想象力。
答案：D
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