欺人者自欺英语阅读答案
❶ 2019年英语六级阅读理解试题库及答案(11-12)
2019年英语六级阅读理解裂饥试题库及答案(11)
In the 1962 movie Lawrence of Arabia, one scene shows an American newspaper reporter eagerly snapping photos of men looting a sabotaged train. One of the looters, Chief Auda abu Tayi of the Howeitat clan, suddenly notices the camera and snatches it. "Am I in this?"贺谨 he asks, before smashing it open. To the dismayed reporter, Lawrence explains, "He thinks these things will steal his virtue. He thinks you're a kind of thief."
As soon as colonizers and explorers began taking cameras into distant lands, stories began circulating about how indigenous peoples saw them as tools for black magic. The "ignorant natives" may have had a point. When photography first became available, scientists welcomed it as a more objective way of recording faraway societies than early travelers' exaggerated accounts. But in some ways, anthropological photographs reveal more about the culture that holds the camera than the one that stares back. Up into the 1950s and 1960s, many ethnographers sought "pure" pictures of "primitive" cultures, routinely deleting modern accoutrements such as clocks and Western dress. They paid men and women to re-enact rituals or to pose as members of war or hunting parties, often with little regard for veracity. Edward Curtis, the legendary photographer of North American Indians, for example, got one Makah man to pose as a whaler with a spear in 1915--even though the Makah had not hunted whales in a generation.
These photographs reinforced widely accepted stereotypes that indigenous cultures were isolated, primitive, and unchanging. For instance, National Geographic magazine'肆拍返s photographs have taught millions of Americans about other cultures. As Catherine Lutz and Jane Collins point out in their 1993 book Reading National Geographic, the magazine since its founding in 1888 has kept a tradition of presenting beautiful photos that don't challenge white, middle-class American conventions. While dark-skinned women can be shown without tops, for example, white women's breasts are taboo. Photos that could unsettle or disturb, such as areas of the world torn asunder by war or famine, are discarded in favor of those that reassure, to conform with the society's stated pledge to present only "kindly" visions of foreign societies. The result, Lutz and Collins say, is the depiction of "an idealized and exotic world relatively free of pain or class conflict."
Lutz actually likes National Geographic a lot. She read the magazine as a child, and its lush imagery influenced her eventual choice of anthropology as a career. She just thinks that as people look at the photographs of other cultures, they should be alert to the choice of composition and images.
练习题
1. The main idea of the passage is ______________.
[A] Photographs taken by Western explorers reflect more Westerners’ perception of the indigenous cultures and the Western values.
[B] There is a complicated relationship between the Western explorers and the primitive peoples.
[C] Popular magazines such as National Geographic should show pictures of the exotic and idealized worlds to maintain high sales.
[D] Anthropologists ask the natives to pose for their pictures, compromising the truthfulness of their pictures.
2. We can infer from the passage that early travelers to the native lands often _________.
[A] took pictures with the natives
[B] gave exaggerated accounts of the native lands
[C] ask for pictures from the natives
[D] gave the natives clocks and Western dresses
3. The author mentions the movie Lawrence of Arabia to ___________.
[A] show how people in the indigenous societies are portrayed by Westerners.
[B] illustrate how people from primitive societies see cameras as tools of black magic that steal their virtues.
[C] show how anthropologists portray untruthful pictures of native people.
[D] show the cruel and barbarian side of the native people.
4. “But in some ways, anthropological photographs reveal more about the culture that holds the camera than the one that stares back.” In this sentence, the “one [culture] that stares back” refers to _______.
[A] the indigenous culture
[B] the Western culture
[C] the academic culture
[D] the news business culture
5. With which of the following statements would Cat
herine Lutz most probably agree?
[A] Reporters from the Western societies should routinely delete modern elements in pictures taken of the indigenous societies.
[B] The primitive cultures are inferior to the more advanced Western culture.
[C] The western media are not presenting a realistic picture of the faraway societies.
[D] People in the Western news business should try not to challenge the well-established white middle-class values.
答案及解析
1. 答案是[A] Photographs taken by Western explorers reflect more Westerners’ perception of the indigenous cultures and the Western values.
解析:本文的主题是,西方的媒体,为了迎合西方读者猎奇的心理,同时,为了不与西方读者的中产阶级价值观发生冲突,在他们拍摄的照片中,并不是真正客观公正地反映经济发展水平较为落后的社会中人们的生活。他们经常有意删除照片中反映西方文明烙印的成分,甚至摆布照片中的主人公,以描绘出一个西方读者想象中的,经济不发达的,有异域风情的,没有痛苦和阶级斗争的经济落后社会的画面。他们甚至避免刊登那些反映饥荒,战争,灾害的照片,以满足西方媒体“只刊登外国社会美好一面的照片”的默契。
2. 答案是[B] gave exaggerated accounts of the native lands
解析:文章第二段说,When photography first became available, scientists welcomed it as a more objective way of recording faraway societies than early travelers' exaggerated accounts.可见早期到原始社会旅行回来的人往往对当地的情况夸大其词。在照相机发明之后,科学家能更好地客观反映那些远方地区的真实情况。
3. 答案是[B] illustrate how people from primitive societies see cameras as tools of black magic that steal their virtues.
解析:文章的第一段介绍的是著名的1962年获得7项奥斯卡大奖的电影《阿拉伯的劳伦斯》(导演:DAVID LEAN)中的一个片段。该电影本来与作者要讲的题目并无直接关系。作者仅仅通过一个电影中描述的场景来说明一个论点。那就是比较原始,开化较晚的社会,那里的人们对现代的文明,和从没见过的现代文明的产物容易产生误解。电影中的土著抢走了LAWRENCE的照相机,因为他怀疑,那从未见过的玩意儿会偷走他的“美好品德(VIRTUE)”。但是,作者在下文说,那些土著居民的担心并非全无道理。因为西方的记者和学者们,为了描绘一个西方人心目中固有的土著社会(或者经济发展欠发达社会)的形象,故意篡改照片,满足西方读者的好奇心,并且有意迎合西方中产阶级的趣味。在短文中,作者有时候并不开宗明义,直奔主题,而是利用人们都熟悉的文化元素,例如诗歌,书籍,电影,歌曲等,引起读者对其讨论话题的兴趣,然后再引入主题。并不是每一篇文章都会开门见山,读者不应该把每篇文章的首尾句都当成对文章大意的总结。
4. 答案是[A] the indigenous culture
解析:But in some ways, anthropological photographs reveal more about the culture that holds the camera than the one that stares back.本句是文章切入主题的重点句。考生应该格外注意在阅读文章靠前部分出现的,以转折词(例如,HOWEVER, BUT,NEVERTHELESS, NONETHELESS等)开头的句子。那往往是作者叙述传统论点,或者普遍看法的关键地方。本句可以理解为:但是,在某些方面,人类学家拍摄的照片展现的与其说是那个盯视着照相机的(被拍摄的)文化,不如说是反映了拿着照相机的(西方)文化。作者暗示,照片反映了西方摄影者的偏见和对落后文化固有的看法,反映的是西方的价值观,并不是完全真实客观的那些不发达社会的写照。这句话基本上是对文章中心意思的总结。如果对文章的主题有大致的认识,就不会将本题选错。
5. 答案是[C] The western media are not presenting a realistic picture of the faraway societies.
解析:Catherine Lutz是文章中提到的1993年出版的READING NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC的作者之一。她们在书中写道,《国家地理》杂志自从1888年创刊以来,就一直刊登那些不和美国中产阶级白人的价值观发生冲突的照片。照片中可以表现袒露胸部的黑色皮肤的妇女,但是白人妇女的胸部就是禁止刊登的对象。她们认为,这样做的后果就是,在那些西方主流杂志中展现的,似乎是相对而言没有痛苦的,也不存在阶级斗争的社会。因此答案C The western media are not presenting a realistic picture of the faraway societies(西方媒体并没有展现落后地区的真实画面)最能表现该作者的观点。
2019年英语六级阅读理解试题库及答案(12)
The British Medical Journal recently featured a strong response to what was judged an inappropriately lenient reaction by a medical school to a student cheating in an examination. Although we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon, its prevention, or its effective management, much can be concluded and acted upon on the basis of common sense and concepts with face validity.
There is general agreement that there should be zero tolerance of cheating in a profession based on trust and one on which human lives depend. It is reasonable to assume that cheaters in medical school will be more likely than others to continue to act dishonestly with patients, colleagues, insurers, and government.
The behaviours under question are multifactorial in origin. There are familial, religious, and cultural values that are acquired long before medical school. For example, countries, cultures, and subcultures exist where bribes and dishonest behaviour are almost a norm. There are secondary schools in which neither staff nor students tolerate cheating and others where cheating is rampant; there are homes which imbue young people with high standards of ethical behaviour and others which leave ethical training to the harmful influence of television and the market place.
Medical schools reflect society and cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society. The selection proce
ss of medical students might be expected to favour candidates with integrity and positive ethical behaviour—if one had a reliable method for detecting such characteristics in advance. Medical schools should be the major focus of attention for imbuing future doctors with integrity and ethical sensitivity. Unfortunately there are troubling, if inconclusive, data that suggest that ring medical school the ethical behaviour of medical students does not necessarily improve; indeed, moral development may actually stop or even regress.
The creation of a pervasive institutional culture of integrity is essential. It is critical that the academic and clinical leaders of the institution set a personal example of integrity. Medical schools must make their institutional position and their expectations of students absolutely clear from day one. The development of a school's culture of integrity requires a partnership with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and nurturing. Moreover, the school's examination system and general treatment of students must be perceived as fair. Finally, the treatment of infractions must be firm, fair, transparent, and consistent.
练习题
1. What does the author say about cheating in medical schools?
[A] Extensive research has been done about this phenomenon.
[B] We have sufficient data to prove that prevention is feasible.
[C] We are safe to conclude that this phenomenon exists on a grand scale.
[D] Reliable data about the extent, prevention and management of the phenomenon is lacking.
2. According to the author, it is important to prevent cheating in medical schools because ____________.
[A] The medical profession is based on trust.
[B] There is zero tolerance of cheating in medicine.
[C] The medical profession depends on the government.
[D] Cheating exists extensively in medical schools.
3. What does the author say about the cause(s) of cheating?
[A] Family, culture and society play an active part.
[B] Bad school environment is the leading cause of student cheating.
[C] Parents are always to blame for their children’s cheating behaviour.
[D] Cheating exists primarily because students learn bad things from TV.
4. According to the author, what precautions should medical schools take to prevent students from cheating?
[A] Medical schools should establish a firm moral standard to weed out applicants with low integrity.
[B] Medical schools should make efforts to remedy the ills of a society.
[C] Medical schools should teach future doctors integrity and ethical values.
[D] There is nothing medical schools can do to improve the ethical behaviour of their students.
5. The author will probably agree with which of the following statements?
[A] Medical schools should make exams easier for the students to alleviate the fierce competition.
[B] Prominent figures in the medical institution should create a set of moral standards to be applied in medical schools.
[C] Medical students should play an active role in the creation and preservation of a culture of integrity.
[D] Those students who cheat in the exams should be instantly expelled from school.
答案及解析
1. 答案是[D] Reliable data about the extent, prevention and management of the phenomenon is lacking.
解析:文章第一段说,Although we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon, its prevention, or its effective management, much can be concluded and acted upon on the basis of common sense and concepts with face validity.可见,到目前为止,我们还不很了解医学院作弊现象的严重程度,也不甚明了如何对该类现象进行预防和管理。既然目前所掌握的DATA是insufficient(不充足的),那么[A][B][C]所说的都不符合文章的原意,故均为错误选项。只有[D]的叙述正确。
2. 答案是[A] The medical profession is based on trust.
解析:作者在第二段说,人们一致认为,医学的基础就是诚信。在医学院就作弊的学生通常比其他人更容易做出欺骗病人,同事,和政府的事情。因此,医学以诚信为本的性质就决定了, 对医学院的作弊行为应该坚决打击。[B]项说的是打击作弊行为的结果,而不是原因。[C]医学依靠政府,[D]医学院中作弊行为普遍存在,都不符合文章内容。
3. 答案是[A] Family, culture and society play an active part.
解析:[A]的内容符合文章的原意。作者在讨论作弊现象的根源时,结论是,作弊现象存在,原因是多方面的。学生在上医学院之前受到的家庭,社会和文化的熏陶在很大程度上决定他们是否会在考试中作弊。也就是选项[A]的内容。[B][C][D]的说法虽然都有道理,但是都过于绝对。学校的环境,家长的教育,电视的影响,虽然都起一定作用,但是都不能说是决定性的。Leading,always,primarily之类的用词决定了它们都不是最佳选项。
4. 答案是[C] Medical schools should teach future doctors integrity and ethical values.
解析:[A]“医学院应该确立明确道德标准,淘汰道德素质低下的申请者”是错误选项。因为文章谈到如何甄别申请医学院学生的道德素质的时候,作者用的是虚拟语气have的过去式had(if one had a reliable method for detecting such characteristics in advance):如果能有可靠的标准,能预先了解学生的道德水平,医学院在录取的时候应该照顾那些恪守道德准则的学生。可见目前并没有这样的标准可循。[B] Medical schools should make efforts to remedy the ills of a society.和文章的内容相反。因为文章明确地说Medical schools...cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society.[C]项错,因为文章的本意是,医学院的学生在学期间,道德素质不仅不会提高,而且可能下降(regress)。但是作者并没有说,医学院在提高学生素质方面无计可施,而是敦促学校采取相应措施,imbuing future doctors with integrity and ethical sensitivity,(增强未来的医师们的道德感)。
5. 答案是[C] Medical students should play an active role in the creation and preservation of a culture of integrity.
解析:[C]项和文章最后一段的The development of a school's culture of integrity requires a partnership with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and nurturing相呼应。[A]错,因为作者没有建议医(转载自中国教育文摘http://www.edUzhai.net,请保留此标记。)学院应该降低考试难度。[B]的叙述不准确,因为作者的本意是医学界的要人应该树立楷模,而不是让他们设定一套人人遵循的行规。[D]错,作者仅提议医学院对有违反道德准则学生的处罚应该是坚决,公正,透明和统一的。作者并没有明确倡议一旦有作弊行为就将其开除出校。
❷ 英语周报2015-2016高二外研综合第34期答案
英语周报2015-2016高二外研综合第34期答案
高二英语下学期期中综合复习(一) 参考答案及部分解析
[参考答案]
1-5 BBCDC 6-10 BDBDA
11-15 CDBCB 16-20ECABG
21-25 CBABD 26-30ADCBC
31-35 DACBD 36-40ACBAD
41. successfully 42. to pack
43. decision 44.that / which
45. in 46.increases
47. sold 48. the
49. are sent 50.taking
短文游滚陪备链改错:
51. ... has been organized ... has → have
52. ... provide students for ... for → with
53. ... role in improve ...
improve→ improving
54. ... their heavily scheles ...
heavily→ heavy
55. ... enjoyed a colorful life.
enjoyed→ enjoy
56. Beside ... Beside→ Besides
57. ... to get in the touch ... 去掉the
58. ... take part these activities ...
part后加in
59. ... an important mean ... mean → means
60. ... but in turn ... but→ and
One possible version:
Dear Jack,
I'msorry to hear that you have been in low spirits recently. All of us have lowspirits for known or unknown reasons sometimes, so don't be discouraged. Cheerup and do something to change your situation.
Hereare my suggestions. First, take some time to rest and think. Set your workaside temporarily, and try to find what has led you to be in low spirits. Thenface the problems. Second, talk to your parents, relatives and friends. Thatwill help remove your pressure. Besides, you can spare more time to do somesports such as running and walking, which will help raise your spirits and giveyou inspiration.
Iwill always be ready to give you a hand when necessary.
Yours,
LiHua
部分解析
阅读理解:神蠢
第一节:
A篇 (个人情况)
本文是记叙文。文章主要介绍了第一位单独飞越大西洋的美国女飞行员Amelia Earhart。
1. B。细节理解题。由第二段中的In 1920 Earhart went to her first air show and was attracted. Shetook flying lessons and bought her first plane可知,Amelia Earhart在第一次观看了飞行表演之后就被深深吸引了。
2. B。段落大意题。由第三段中的Earhart will be mainly remembered for being the first woman to flysolo non-stop across the Atlantic可知,该段主要讲述了AmeliaEarhart最伟大的成就。
3. C。推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的while she was crossing the Pacific, contact was lost. The USgovernment spent $4 million looking for her, but she was never found可知,Amelia Earhart在飞越太平洋时失去了联系,再也没有找到。
B篇 (兴趣与爱好)
本文是应用文。文章是一则吸引读者参加“家庭友好绘画派对”的通知。
4. D。细节理解题。由第二段中的Families with children aged 7 and older are invited to enjoypainting together and have some fun和We are offering the opportunity to get out, enjoy lunch and apainting party afternoon with your child可知,Family Friendly Painting Parties给有小孩的家庭提供一起学习绘画的机会。
5. C。细节理解题。由第五段中的The tickets to the party are normally $30 per person and include acanvas for each person, all painting supplies, apron and instruction可知,派对的门票包含了每人一块画布和绘画用品,故参加者不需要自带画布和画具。
6. B。细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的Follow this link to win a chance to win 2 free tickets ...可知,点击这个链接有机会获得两张免费门票。
7. D。文章体裁题。通读文章可知,本文是一则吸引读者参加“家庭友好绘画派对”的通知,该通知主要介绍了主办机构Lola's Brush和派对的具体信息。
C篇 (历史)
本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了早期航海中水手们是如何确定航向而不会在海上迷路的。
8. B。细节理解题。由第二段中的Sailors had to rely on memory and on written guides called pilotbooks可知,航海书是手写的指南。
9. D。细节理解题。由第三段中的sailors used maps, charts, and information from other explorers和Experienced sailors learned ... warn others about dangers可知,早期的探险家和水手为彼此提供信息、警告危险。
10. A。段落大意题。由第四段中的Early sailors used a tool called the astrolabe ... determine theirlocation和They also used patternsof wind ... as directional clues以及Sailors evenfound a way that clouds and seabirds could help them可知,本段主要介绍了早期的水手如何在海上确定航行的方向。
11. C。观点态度题。由最后一段中的Although their techniques were simple, they were able to achievegreat things ring their adventures at sea可知,尽管过去水手们用的技术很简单,但是他们在海上探险中也取得了伟大的成就,由此可以推断,作者对过去水手们持赞扬的态度。
D篇 (旅游)
本文是议论文。文章讲述了旅游和旅行的不同。
12. D。细节理解题。由第一段中的Travellers go for the experience and their journeys are usually muchlonger and more challenging可知,与游客不同的是,旅行者去体验,他们的旅程通常更长、更具挑战性。
13. B。猜测词义题。由第一段中对旅行者的描述以及avoid tourist traps和to discover newplaces可知,旅行者总是打破常规去发现新的地方,由此推断,go off the beaten track意为“打破常规”。
14. C。推理判断题。由最后一段中的People can visit distant corners of the world or even little knownparts of their own country without leaving their living rooms可知,armchair traveller指的是足不出户的旅行者。
15. B。细节理解题。由最后一段中的Perhaps soon people will use interactive computer programmes andvirtual travel will become common可知,也许在不久的将来,人们将使用计算机交互程序,虚拟旅游将变得很普遍。
第二节:
话题:学校生活
本文是议论文。文章主要讨论了学校是否有权惩罚发生在校外的网络欺凌。
16. E。由该空前的Supporters say that the psychological effects of cyberbullying ...可知,设空处指反对者的态度,E项“然而,批评者认为这项法律赋予学校太大的权力”符合此处语境。
17. C。由该段中的being bullied online makes school unbearable可知,Hanna DiMassimo对这项法律持支持的态度,又由该空前的Cyberbullying may not always happen while you're at school, but italways makes school a living nightmare可知,C项“这就是为什么我们需要在学校里有更严肃的影响”符合此处语境。
18. A。由上文的描述以及该段中Hanna DiMassimo讲述的自己的经历可知,HannaDiMassimo支持这项法律,A项内容符合此处语境。
19. B。由上文中的However, Natalie Eng holds the opinion ...以及该空后的If we allow schools to punish online bullies who operate afterschool hours, then where do we draw the disciplinary line?可知,Natalie Eng反对这项法律,故B项“但是我觉得这些法律是危险的”符合此处语境。
20. G。由上文中Natalie Eng的观点以及该段中的描述可知,NatalieEng认为,“如果有了这样的法律,那我们就在我们的个人生活中给予学校太多的权力了。”
英语知识运用:
第一节:
话题:个人情感
本文是记叙文。和堂妹一起捉萤火虫的经历让作者意识到要让自己的生命闪光。
21. C。由该空后的my baby boy on my lap可知,“我”坐在椅子上,“抱着(holding)”小孩放在膝上。
22. B。由下文中的the two girls raced around the yard可知,我们租了一套带“院子(yard)”的房子。
23. A。由上文中的dropped by可知,他们一起来“拜访(visit)”我们。
24. B。由下文中的caught two of the little shiners可知,两个小女孩努力去“抓(catch)”萤火虫。
25. D。由文中的描述可知,几十只萤火虫“自由地(freely)”在院子里闪动。
26. A。由上文中的moving slowly, but always just和该空后的their pursuers可知,萤火虫总是能“躲开(avoiding)”捕捉它们的人。
27. D。由下文中的We watched them blink on and off可知,我们逮到了两只萤火虫,它们“没有受到伤害(safely)”。
28. C。由下文中的I slowly ... the cover可知,我们把萤火虫放入一个有“盖子(cover)”的罐子里。
29. B。由下文中的We should let them go可知,小女孩说:“它们看起来很‘悲伤(sad)'”。
30. C。31. D。由上文中的We should let themgo可知,“我”慢慢“打开(opened)”盖子,看着萤火虫“飞走(flew away)”。
32. A。此处指“当(As)”“我”想起那天晚上。
33. C。34. B。由下文中的Fear, anger, anddoubt have made me ... my light可知,有好多次“我”把自己的“光(light)”密封在灵魂的罐子里,“而不(insteadof)”与其他人分享。
35. D。由上文中的kept my own ... sealed in the jar of my soul可知,恐惧、嫉妒和怀疑让“我”在这几年里一直“隐藏(hide)”自己的光。
36. A。37. C。由下文中的keep you fromshining your light可知,“我”意识到,这个世界想让我们所有的人都“闪耀(shine)”光芒,抓住每一次“机会(chance)”去闪耀我们的光。
38. B。由上文中的Fear, anger, and doubt have made me ... my light可知,不要让“恐惧(fear)”阻止你闪耀你的光。
39. A。由上文中的 ... sharing it with the world可知,不要让这个世界阻止你“分享(sharing)”你的爱。
40. D。要善良、帮助别人,并带来“快乐(joy)”。
第二节:
41. successfully。考查副词。设空处作状语修饰谓语,故填successfully。
42. topack。考查不定式作主语补足语的用法。beforced to do sth.意为“被迫做某事”。
43. decision。考查名词。设空处作宾语,且其前有this限定,故填decision。
44. that/ which。考查关系词。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰law,且在从句中作主语,故填that / which。
45. in。考查介词。result in ...意为“导致”。
46. increases。考查一般现在时。possibility与increase之间是主谓关系,且由从句时态可知,此处应用一般现在时,故填increases。
47. sold。考查动词-ed形式作定语的用法。设空处作后置定语修饰cigarettes,且sell与cigarettes之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故填sold。
48. the。考查定冠词。“one of the +形容词最高级+名词复数”表示“最……之一”。
49. aresent。考查一般现在时的被动语态。450,000people与send之间是被动关系,且由Every year可知,此处应用一般现在时,故填aresent。
50. taking。考查动词-ing形式作宾语的用法。设空处作介词from的宾语,且people与take up之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,故填taking。
[选做题参考答案及解析]
[参考答案]
1-5 CDABC 6-10 BCBCD
解析
A篇 (社会)
本文是应用文。文章是对美国女作家AliceMcDermott的采访。
1. C。细节理解题。由Is there a book you read as a kid that has stayed with you?一节中的I think they must have appealed not just to my romantic adolescentsoul, but I suppose there's also an appealing darkness in both of them可知,《呼啸山庄》和《吕蓓卡》吸引Alice McDermott的是这两部作品中充满的浪漫和黑暗。
2. D。细节理解题。由Do you often have readers ... in the book?一节中的Some readers sort of suspect that you have another book that youdidn't publish that has even more information in it和They have this idea that there's a takeaway from a novel rather thanjust being there可知,在Alice McDermott看来,读者总是怀疑作者没有给出全部的信息。
3. A。推理判断题。由What’s terrible for youngwriters these days?一节中的 ... ratherthan books and sentences and characters that writers are supposed to beconcerned with可知,Alice McDermott认为年轻的作家应该更加关心书本身和作品人物,而不是他们的公众形象。
4. B。推理判断题。由What do you owe readers?一节中的that doesn't mean I avoid writing anything that's subtle. I alsohave to respect their ability to understand everything I write可知,Alice McDermott尊重读者能读懂她作品的能力。
5. C。文章出处题。由文章的内容及格式可知,本文是一则访谈。
B篇 (健康)
本文是说明文。受伤以后,应该用冷敷法处理还是用热敷法呢?这得看情况。
6. B。细节理解题。由第二段中的This helps limit the amount of swelling that occurs immediatelyafter the injury可知,冷敷法适宜用来消肿。
7. C。细节理解题。由第二段中的Neither ice nor cold packs should be used for longer than 30 minutes可知,使用冷敷法时,时间应该不超过半小时。
8. B。细节理解题。由最后一段中的When heat is applied over an area of serious damage, activeinflammation (swelling and pain in part of your body) can get worse可知,受伤严重时不宜使用热敷法。
9. C。推理判断题。由第二段中的Ice or cold packs should never be put directly on the skin e tothe risk of frostbite和最后一段中的Severallayers of towels are used between the hot pack and the skin可知,冷敷袋和热敷袋都不能直接接触皮肤。
10. D。文章结构题。通读全文可知,第一段概括全文,第二段讲的是冷敷法,第三、四两段讲的是热敷法。故D项准确地描述了本文结构。
❸ 跪求以下英语阅读理解的正确答案
c d c
鉴于楼主多次提出阅读理解的问题,在下可给楼主一点小建议,希望能对你有用。
【新东方的保密资料】六级的规律,不懂照样过!给所有准备...
稳馨提示: 请认真理解【新东方的保密资料】, 如果你连这些规律也不想记那么直接看最后面一句话:
深层剖析解的特征
每道都由题干(即问题)与四个选项组成。我对四个选项这样划分:其中一个是答案的选项称为解,其余三个选项不称为选项,而称为干扰项,因为几乎每个选项都被命题者加上了十足的功力,麻痹考生,以达到不容易被考生答对的目的。这样由命题难度梯度决定,解必然有如下特点:
“中心思想是解”
对一主题题型“中心思想是解”非常好理解。但大家一定要注意到大多数细节题也符合“中心思想是解”,因为很多细节刀是围绕中心的细枝末节。
“隐蔽处有解”
指方章中的或一名话的隐蔽之,常见有同位语、插入语、定语、长句后半句、从句、副词、不定式等。
“合理项不是解;不合理项是解;无关项是解;事实是解”
问:“狗是干什么的?
答:“狗是看门的”
在各类英语考试中,这种选项显然是错误的因为人人都知道狗是看门的,狗是看门的是常识,是典型的合理项,合理项不是解。那么,狗是干什么的?我给大家举个例子:狗是锻炼身体的。很多同学不理解,觉得没有道理。其实文章中很可能六我们家养了一条狗,每天早上我和狗都去跑步,狗跑多快,我就跑多快,后来我身体就越来越好,所以狗就成了锻炼身体的了。但问题问狗是干什么的,干扰项中必然出现诸如狗是看门的选项,那是给那些想瞎猜的人准备的,理由很简单,就是不能让考生不看文章答对题。
总之合理项是指合理的选项,合理项主要分为两种情况:一种是生活常识,另一种是在不看文章的前提下,问题与答案极其吻合。
但想想看,反其道而行之呢?对策:“合理项不是解;不合理项是解;无关项是解;事实是解”。
“照抄原文不是解;同义替换是解”
如果选项中出现照抄原文的情况,有时选项同文章中的某句话一模一样,此选项高度可疑,而某选项通过同义替换,或词类转换如由名词转换成动词,则“同义替换是解”。
“含义肯定的不是解,含义不肯定的是解”
“人之初,性本善。”人类的本质是善良、这一点在考试上也一样,很多同学出于善良、朴实的天性喜欢得出一个确定的结论。“文章我看就要看懂懂,结论一定要明确”,很多同学就是这样想的,但一选就容易错误。命题者从加大题目难度的考虑,当考到对一个问题的结论的时候,通常不会让您得到肯定的一个结论,即使有非常明确结论的东西他也不喜欢考,要不怎么达到15%~18%通过率哪?这样我们很同学答题很不对路,而我则不一样,一见到含义不肯定的、模模糊糊的东西就喜欢,就觉得心潮澎湃,因为我知道不但我能答对此题,而且还知道别人错在那里,这里提醒大家一定要从思维上战胜考试。
“can是解” “could是解”“may是解” “usually是解” “Right是解” “most是解”
“more or less是解” “relatively是解” “be likely to是解” “whether or是解” “not definitely是解” “possible是解” “suspicion是解” “not necessarily是解” “bious是解” “hesitate是解” “suggest是解” …
“潜在的是解” “potential是解” “trend是解” “threat是解” ...
“未知是解” “unknown是解”…
“绝对的不是解” “must不是解” “always不是解” “never不是解”“the most不是解”
“all不是解” “only不是解” “any不是解” “none不是解” “entirely不是解” “absolute不是解”
“最高级不是解” …
*例外:在表示原因,表示方式、方法时。
“具体的不是解,概括性的是解”
只见树木,不见森林,这是很多学生阅读的一个阶段,命题者常利用这一点“欺负”考生,将解做成概括性的选项,干扰项使用具体的内容,使同学犯瞎子摸象的错误。
❹ 高中英语阅读理解的解题技巧与方法是什么
英语在高考中非常重要,阅读理解更是是重中之重,所占分数比例大。阅读理解考验学生单词量,还考验学生的句型应用于时态。下面是我分享的高中英语阅读理解解题技巧,一起来看看吧。
高中英语阅读理解解题技巧
阅读积累
要提高阅读水平,词汇量与短语量非常重要。所以要提高阅读水平,我们就得学会积累词语。我们不妨这么做:在通读全文后看第二遍,遇到生词尽可能根据上下文来猜,仍猜不出意思的,就查词典,然后将这些词抄写在一本可随身携带的小本子上。
每当有空时,就拿出这个小本子来背诵记忆。这样做不但不费时,而且效果也很好。因为不时地接触、反复地记忆,词汇量会增加得很快。
根据上下文猜测词义
猜测词义也是一种英语阅读能力。英语阅读理解试题中有不少这样的题目。任何一个实词,只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。
上下文的作用就是帮助确定上下文中的词、短语或句子的意义。据此,我们可以尽可能地利用上下文来猜测词义,即从已知推求未知,也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义。
猜测词义时,我们可以从三个方面来考虑:
1)根据上下文已知部分进行逻辑上的推理。根据上下文猜测词义的方法有下列几种:根据定义或解释猜测词义;根据并列、同位关系猜测词义;根据同义、反义、因果关系猜测词义。
2)运用语法知识进行语法分析。
3)依靠常识和经验做出判断。
寻找出处,对号入座
由于阅读填表题要以所读材料为依据,在通常情况下,每个空格的所填内容一般可从给定材料中找到出处或依据,在做题时要充分利用这一特点,将“空格”与“出处”对号入座,然后根据表格中已有信息的表现形式,准确填出所缺内容。
同时,值得注意的是,如果表格所填信息与原文中的“出处”基本相同,则可直接对号入座;如果表格信息与原文中的“出处”有较大出入,则要进行适当的转换。
逻辑推理,做好深层理解题
在实际阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,阅读者要根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理,不能就事论事,以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。
高考英语阅读理解的解题思路
解答阅读理解题的总体思路是:单句人手。语篇突破,着眼整体,归纳推断。一般有以下两种阅读顺序(P=Passage,Q=Question):
(1)P-Q-P:即先看文章,后看问题,再通过阅读文章来解答问题。这是考生常用的按部就班的阅读方式。其特点是有利于考生把握文章的主旨和作者的态度。但采用这种阅读方式的考生往往阅读速度较慢,因此难以在阅读时积极主动地预测文章内容。
(2)Q-P-Q:即先将问题看一遍,然后带着问题去阅读文章,最后答题。其特点是针对性强,节省答题时间,比较适用于解答事实性和细节性的问题,但是解答主旨性和推断性问题的效果不明显。
P-Q-P方式或Q-P-Q方式的采用因人而异,无优劣之分。当然,题型不同,解题的方法也应有所不同。
常用的解题技巧有以下几种:
1.正选法与排除法
正选法即根据所读材料内容从正面选择最佳答案。如果在有些情况下从正面选择答案有困难,考生则可以考虑选用排除法,即排除四个选项中的三个错误选项,那么剩下的选项即为正确答案。排除法是解答阅读理解题的常用方法,对于那些不合情理或荒谬的选项、与短文内容相反的选项、与短文内容不相关的选项、虽在短文中出现但答非所问的选项,以及不是问题的主要因素的选项等,都可以采用排除法。
考生可以遵循如下三级思考的方法排除干扰项:
(1)如果干扰项明显与文章相矛盾,即为误,可以直接排除。
(2)如果干扰项与文章内容不矛盾,但在原文中没有依据,这种脱离原文的虚的选项也可以排除。
(3)有些干扰项似乎很有道理,文中也能找到相关的依据,但它并不能完全满足题目的要求,未能以文章的主题、作者的思维模式为出发点,未能充分体现严谨性和最大的合理性,这种虽没错但不是最佳答案的偏选项也可以排除。
只要考生经过是否矛盾?(误否)--是否有依据?(虚否?)--是否以偏概全
(偏否?)的逐级思考过程来分析和甄别每一个选项,那么解题的正确率就会得以提高。正确的答案应该是与原文意义一致的选项,或是经过三级思考仍不能排除的选项。请看2006年广东卷第64题:
?
A.-skilledworkers.
B..
C..
D..
此题为事实细节题,可以采用排除法。由文章第一段第一、二句-collar
jobs.Theyareconstructionworkers,truckdrivers,mechanics,steelworkers,
electricians,andthelike.可知,蓝领阶层的薪水不高这个事实,据此先排除B项;由第一段最后一句Theyconsider
thelowerclass,whomtheyoftenconsidertobelazy,dishonest,andtooready
toexploitpublic
assistance.可知,蓝领阶层是受人尊敬的、勤劳的群体,他们看不起那些懒惰、欺诈别人、依靠别人捐款生活的阶层,故排除C、D两项,正确答案为A项。
2.定位法与跳读法
定位法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息直接从原文中找到相应的句子(即定位),然后进行比较和分析(尤其要注意一些同义转换),从而找出正确答案。跳读法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息跳读原文,并找到相关的句子(有时可能是几个句子)或段落,然后进行分析和推理等,从而找出正确答案。请看2006年湖南卷第71题:
Whenshewasstillinherearly30s,
magazinesasPartisanReview,
life,,filmandart.
,
worldculture.
_____________.
A.
B.developedworldliterature,filmandart
C.
D.
解答本题可以用定位法。与题干意思相近的句子是上一句
life,,filmand
art。许多考生误选了A项,他们忽略了原文中出现的appearedas,意为似乎,好像,增加了句意的不确定性。故D项为最佳答案。
3.画图与列表法
画图法就是以时间、地点、事件或因果等为线索,找出关键词语,勾画出一幅完整、清晰的关于文章主题和细节的图示的方法。请看2006年浙江卷第48题:
Howisthetextorganized?
A.Inorderoftime.B.Inorderoffrequency.
C.Inorderofpreference.D.Inorderofimportance.
在解答此题时考生只要列一个表(见下表),按短文叙事的顺序展开故事发展的过程,正确答案就会一目了然。
thecartowork
另外,有些文章的信息点可能较为分散,涉及的内容比较多,此时考生若能恰当运用列
表的方法也会将难题化解。请看2006年安徽卷第61题:
both________.
A.popularalltheirfivesB.famousactresses
C.successfulwhenveryyoungD.richandkind-hearted
根据文章内容,考生可以列出以下四个相同的信息点(见下表):
--thestoryofVelvet
Brown,.(短文首句)
achildactress.(第一段末句)
,Taylorhadnotrouble
.(第二段)
,shehasbeenlucky:she
hasbeauty,fameandwealth.(末段第二句)
.
通过此表,考生可以清楚地得出本题的答案为C项。
4.概括法与推理法
概括法指根据所读材料概括文章主题、要点、标题和中心思想等;而推理法则指根据所读材料的字面意思,通过语篇的逻辑关系以及各个细节的信息和暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓意,悟出作者的言外之意和弦外之音。考生在运用推理法时首先要吃透文章的字面意思,从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索;然后再对文字的表面信息进行挖掘和加工,由表及里,由浅人深,从具体到抽象,从特殊到一般,通过分析、综合和判断等思维活动对文章进行深层处理以及合乎逻辑的推理。此时切忌就事论事、以偏概全,也不能主观臆想、随意揣测,更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。请看2006年浙江卷第55题:
AccordingtoWhite,
computers?
A..
B..
C..
D..
文章最后两段提到,接受调查的三个国家的妇女更有可能使用旧电脑,而英国比法国和德国使用up-to-date
computers的人更多,最后一段分析了其中的原因
,orcouldbe,a
maincauseof
dissatisfaction。由此可以推断,不断更新的技术也会使人产生焦虑,导致负面情绪的产生,所以被调查的妇女更喜欢使用旧电脑。
5.常识法与背景法
常识法是考生利用已有的常识进行识别和判断的方法。背景法与常识法相似,指考生充分运用所读材料的信息答题。请看2006年安徽卷第69题:
fireisallexampleof____________.
A.separatingthefireB.recingtheheat
C.removingthefuelD.cuttingofftheoxygen
本题为一道常识题,考生根据自己学过的化学知识可知,燃烧要具备三要素:可燃物、氧气和温度,这有助于理解第二段首句Sincefuel,oxygen
,oneormoreofthesethings
的意思;另外,通过第三段内容Anothermethodof
.Thisisusuallydoneby
coveringthefirewithsand,steamorsomeother
things.可以推断出:用cover的方法来灭火属于cuttingofftheoxygen的范畴。
高考英语的备考建议
1.理解与速度
考生要处理好理解与速度的关系。答题时要力求情绪平稳,不要一味追求速度而影响理解的准确性;不要拘泥于一词一句的理解;不要遇到不懂的地方就反复读,影响阅读速度。比较好的阅读方法是边看边想边理解。遇到生词或看不懂的地方先做个记号,继续看下去,因为一些疑难点往往会在下文中得到解决。
关于阅读速度,难度中等的文章应为每分钟60个单词左右;难度较低、生词不超过总词汇量20%的材料,阅读速度应为每分钟70个单词左右。一般来说,超纲而又影响阅读理解的词汇都会用中文标出词义。只有保证了阅读的速度才有可能在规定时间内完成阅读、复读及答题的任务。
2.阅读训练方式
在训练方式方面要力求多样化。常见的阅读训练方式有:掠读、寻读、精读和泛读等。在掠读、寻读时要掌握查阅的技巧。查阅时考生应迅速找到某一特定信息在短文中的位置,并以这个位置为中心,扩展到上文和下文,寻求正确答案。考生要学会用扫视的方法寻找信息。扫视时,眼睛要纵向而不是横向移动。运用扫视来扩大视觉范围能帮助考生又快又准确地捕捉到想要查找的信息。
考生应根据阅读目的选择阅读方式,调整阅读速度,合理分配阅读时间。
3.生词处理
考生在阅读时一定会碰上生词或记不清楚的词汇。遇到这种情况时,考生可以通过上下文猜测词义。具体方法如下:
(1)根据生词前后词汇的意思或整个句子的意思来猜测生词。例如:
.
根据句子后部分begantoread可以猜出spectacle的意思为眼镜。
(2)根据语法知识和标点符号来猜测生词。例如:
Theywillbeonthenightshift---frommidnightto6a.m.---nextweek.
此句两个破折号之间的部分表明nightshift是夜班的意思。
(3)根据说明词义的定语从句来猜测生词。例如:
Thetypeofmeteriscalledmulti-meter,whichisusedtomeasure
electricity.
从上句中的定语从句可以推断出multi-meter是万能表的意思。
(4)根据已知事实细节来猜测生词。例如:
melancholyonthatSundayinMay.Afterall,itwasMothersdayand800miles
.
根据上下文的陈述,刚刚搬家,远离父母,正好是星期天,又是母亲节,而两代人却天各一方等事实,可以推断出年轻妻子当时忧郁、伤感的心情,并由此猜测出生词melancholy的意思。
(5)学会只猜测生词的大概意思,而不必追求其准确含义。例如:
TheAsiangibbon,likeotherapes,.
在这句话中,考生只要猜出自gibbon是apes(类人猿)的一种就行了,毋须知道其准确意思。
(6)运用构词法判断生词的词义,也是提高阅读速度的一种技巧。考生可以通过已知的
词缀(包括前缀和后缀)和词根就能猜测生词的含义。例如,单词telescope由前缀tele(意思是far)和scope(意思是instrument
forseeingorobserving)构成,整个单词的意思是望远镜。为了熟练使用构词法知识猜测生词,考生在平时应多积累词缀以及词根方面的知识。
4.利用信号词进行预测和推测
在阅读过程中,为了既迅速又准确地理解文章的含义,利用信号词预测非常重要。信号词可以揭示句子内在关系或文章各部分之间的关系(见下表)。特别是在快速阅读时,它能帮助考生预测文章信息,提高阅读速度。
部分信号词及其所预示的信息
信号词预示的信息
however,onthecontrary,although等信号词引出的内容是与上文相反的论述,或作者不同的观点
similarly,equally,also,besides,furthermore,inotherwords等
下文与前面所讲内容相同或相似
forexample,forinstance等具体例证,说明上文中的论点
foronething,ontheotherhand等下文还有另外一方面
inaword,inshort等后面的句子是对上文的总结
actually,infact,thepointis,astudysurveyfound/showed/provedthat
等后面的句子往往是作者想要表达和强调的内容或观点
此外,在利用信号词进行预测时,考生还需注意以下三点:
(1)遇到预示前后内容相同或相近,或者补充说明的信号词时,可以适当加快阅读速度,或借此推测生词的词义。
(2)文中出现的频率较高的实词可以帮助考生确定文章的主旨大意。
(3)出现代词I,we,my,our,转折词but,however,yet,情态动词must,should,oughtto,
连词although,