高中英语阅读词义猜测题专练

㈠ 高考英语语法:高中英语语法-通过上下文猜测词义的技巧之一

《高中英语语法-通过上下文猜测词义的技巧之一》由留学liuxue86.com我整理。本内容整理时间为05月12日，如有任何问题请联系我们。
通过上下文猜测词义的技巧之一

所谓猜测词义，是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某一生词、难词、关键词的词义，它是大隐一种非常有用的阅读技巧，获得这种技巧之后，读者在阅读过程中能很快通过上下文提供的线索或生词本身的结构特点推断出词义来，从而提高阅读速度和阅读能力。

猜词技巧也是一种很重要的应试技巧。在诸多的英语测试中，几乎都包含有判断生词或关键词词义的题目。如：

1） In Line…the word“…”could best be replaced by which of the following？

2） According to the author the word “…”means __________.

3） By word “…” the author means __________.

4） Which of the following is nearest/ closest in meaning to “…” ？

那么，怎样来猜测和推断生词的词义呢？这种技巧大体可分为两大类：一类是通过上下文推测词义，另一类是根据生词本身的特点推测词义。本文着重介绍通过上下文猜测词义的技巧。通过上下文猜词就是根据一个词所处的具体的语言环境，运用有关线索，如同义词﹑反义词﹑举例﹑重述或定义等推测词义，也可以运用逻辑推理和其他的知识，如生活经验、普通常识等推断词义。

1. 以定义为线索猜测词义

根据上下文以生词的定义为线索猜测词义是进行快速阅读时最常见、最直接的一种猜词方法。

（1）以to be（是），mean（意指），refer to（指的是）为线索猜测词义。

[例] Ventilation，as you know ，is a system or means of providing fresh air . It plays a very important part in the field of engineering.

此句中“ventilation” 可能是个生词，但 is后面是对该词的明确定义。是什么东西或什么手段才能提供新鲜空气呢？所以不难看出 “ventilation” 这个词的意思是“通风”。

（2）以“be defined as ”（被定义为），“be known as ”（被称为），“be called ”（被称为），“be termed ”（被定义为）等结构为线索猜测生词词义。

在这些结构中，主语与主语补足语相互提供生词的词义，读者可以通过已知部分推断出未知部分的意思来。

[例] A person or thing beyond comparison，a model of excellence，is known as a paragon.

在此句中，“paragon”一词的词义由句子的主语给提供出来了。一个人或物是无与伦比的，即优秀的典范，这不就是“模范、优秀的人或物”吗？很明显“be known as”前面的主语给出了后面“paragon”的词义。

（3）以定语从句为线索猜测词义。

在很多情况下，定语从句直接给出了某一生词的定义，所以，以定语从句为线索猜测词义也是一个行之有效的猜词方法。

[例] He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of hats，swallowing fire，and other similar tricks.

此句中，who引导的定语从句对生词“prestidigitator”的词义给出了非常清楚的定义。根据这一定义，读者就不难猜测出prestidigitator的词义。能从帽子里拉出兔氏毕子、吞火和玩其他类似的把戏的人不就是变戏法的人吗？因此，“prestidigitator”一词的词义就应是“变戏法者”。

（4）以标点符号为线索猜测词义。

作者有时利用标点符号，如括号、冒号、破折号等为一些生词直接提供定义或解歼仿芹释，这些符号无疑为读者理解或猜测生词词义提供了很好的线索。

[例] Tornadoes（violent and destructive whirl wind）normally occur on hot，humid（a little wet）day，but not necessarily in the summer.

此句中，“tornado”和“humid”两词的词义都在括弧里被清楚地表述出来。“tornado”即一种非常剧烈的、破坏性很大的旋转的风。很明显，这是“旋风﹑飓风”；humid即有点湿，其词义很清楚是“潮湿的”意思。在这种情况下，利用括号作为猜词线索，在一瞬间就能猜出其词义来，阅读可继续进行，不会因生词而影响阅读速度。

2. 以同义词、近义词为线索猜测词义

有时作者为了使他的意思表达得更清楚明白，通常用一个同义词或近义词来解释另一个比较难的词或关键词，这些同义词或近义词为读者推断生词词义提供了线索。另外有些作者在表达同一概念时喜欢用两个或更多的同义词或近义词，其中必定有读者所熟悉的词，根据已知的词语，就不难推断出生词的词义来。

（1）or有时可作为识别同义词或近义词的信号词。

[例] The new tax law supersedes，or replaces，the law that was in effect last year.

此句中，作者考虑到“supersede”一词可能是生词，紧接着用or引出该词的同义词“replace”，此词是一比较常用的词，读者可根据“replace”一词的词义能很容易地推断出“supersede”一词的大概意思来，即“取代，接替”。

（2）like（像……一样），as……as（如同……一样），the same as（与……相同）等也可作为识别生词的同义词或近义词的信号词，以这些词为线索，有时也可推断出生词的词义来。

[例] Mother was tall，fat and middle-aged. The principal of the school was an older woman，almost as plump as mother，and much shorter.

此句中，作者把学校的校长和他的母亲相比，有相同之处和不同之处。校长比母亲年纪大些，个子矮些，但有一点是相同的，并用“as……as”结构表示出来。从这一对比中，可以看出fat和plump是近义词。fat是读者熟悉的词即“肥胖的”，那么，plump一词的意思就能猜个大概了。

3. 以反义词和对比关系为线索猜测词义

有时作者运用对比的手法来表现事物之间的差异。在进行对比的过程中，作者必然会用一些互为对应、互为反义的词语，使不同事物的特点更为突出。通过上下文的逻辑关系，从对两种事物或现象进行对比的描述中，读者可以根据其中一个熟悉的词推断出另一个生词的词义来。

另外，在表示这种对比关系时，作者通常会用一些信号词来表明另一个词语与前面的词语互为反义。这些信号词无疑为读者理解和猜测生词词义提供了非常好的线索。常用来表示对应关系和提供相反信息的信号词有：

but，yet，however，while，whereas，otherwise，in spite of，despite，even though，although，though，unlike，instead（of），rather than，nevertheless，nonetheless ，on the other hand，still，none the less，by contrast，on the contrary，in the end，compared to

[例] In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now，however，everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.

此句中，以信号词however为线索，可以看出作者把现在的事情与过去相比。过去是“in an orderly way”，而现在是“in a state of turmoil”，过去是秩序井然，那么现在则是相反，那就是一片混乱。

4. 以列举的句子为线索猜测词义

为了阐明某一种重要观念或者讲清某一抽象概念，作者往往采取举例的方式对这一观点或概念进行具体的说明和解释，从而使读者理解得更具体些。那么文中的例子自然也就成了读者理解文章生词的线索。表示列举关系的信号词有：

like，for example，for instance，such as，especially，include，consist of，specially

[例] Defined most broadly，folklore includes all the customs，belief and tradition that people have handed down from generation to generation.

此句中，includes后面的例子基本上表示出了“folklore”的内容范围，即人们一代传一代的那些风俗、习惯、信仰和传统的东西。这些东西都属于通常所说的“民俗学，民俗传统”，这也就是“folklore”一词的基本含义。

5. 以重述为线索猜测词义

有时作者在阐述某个概念或某一事情时，为了把它讲述得更清楚，他可能采取另一种方式重述一下前面的内容。这种重述往往用比前面一种表达更为简单易懂的词语。后面这种简单易懂的词语无疑为前面较难的词语提供了猜测的线索。因此，读者在阅读的过程中如遇到生词时，不要停下来，不妨看一下该生词后面是否有另一种阐述或解释。表达重述，作者也经常使用一些信号词，这些信号词有：

in other words，to put it another way，that is to say，or 《高中英语语法-通过上下文猜测词义的技巧之一》由留学liuxue86.com我整理

㈡ 如何做好英语阅读理解词义猜测题

猜测词义题
在阅读中我们经常会遇到许多生词。这时许多同学立即翻阅词典，查找词义。这样做不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度、影响对语篇的整体把握。事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。近年来全国统一高考中加大了对考生猜词义能力的考查，因此，掌握一定的猜词技巧，对突破高考阅读理解、提高我们的英语语言能力都有非常重要的意义。
常见的题干有：
1) Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word？
2) The word... could best be replaced by.
3) In the... paragraph, the word... means (refers to).
4) According to the passage,... probably means.
5) The author uses the word... to mean.
猜测词义时，一般可利用以下四个方面的线索：
一是针对性的解释
针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或高深的词汇等所做的通俗化的解释。这些解释提供的信息明确具体，所使用的语言通俗易懂，利用它们来猜测词义就非常简单。
1.根据定义（definition）猜测词义
如果生词有一个句子（定语从句或是同位语<同位语前常有 that="" is="" to="" in="" other="" or="" i.g.="">或是同位语从句）或段落来定义,或使用破折号，冒号，分号后的内容和引号括号中的内容加以解释和定义，那么理解这个句子或段落本身就是推断词义。定义常用的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, be called, define, represent, refer to, signify 等。
例1.Do you know what a territory is ? A territory is an area that an animal ,usually the male, claims（声称）as its own.（2005年湖北卷）
[分析]由定义可推知，这里territory指的是：动物的地盘。
例2.In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today．（2005年浙江卷）
[分析]由同位语an endangered wild cat我们很快猜出生词ocelots的义域：一种濒临灭绝野猫。
例3. Here is The Pines ,whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou ,wild boar ,and reindeer with surprising sauces . （2004年福建卷）
According to the passage ,The Pines is a .
A．place in which you can see many mobile homes
B．mountain where you can get a good view of the valley
C．town which happens to be near the Banff National Park
D．restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food
[分析]通过whose引导的定语从句，我们可以推测到：The Pines 是一家餐馆的名字，由此不难推出理解题的答案为：D。
2.根据举例猜测词义
恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索。
例4. The course gives you chances to know great power polities between nation states. It will provide more space to study particular issues such as relationship among countries in the European Union, third world debt, local and international disagreement, and the work of such international bodies as the United Nations, the European Union, NATO, and the World Bank.（2004年辽宁卷）
[分析]根据such as 后面列举的一系列例子，我们应该能推断出句中的issue 是指议题。
二是内在逻辑关系
根据内在逻辑关系推测词义是指应用语言知识分析和判断相关信息之间存在的逻辑关系，然后根据逻辑联系推断生词词义或大致义域。
1.根据对比、比较关系猜测词义
在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词的反义词猜测其词义。表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有：unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast 等。表示对比关系的句子结构：while 引导的并列句。同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。表示比较关系的词和短语主要有：similarly, like, just as, also, as well as 等。
例5.A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun.
What does the underlined word hassle (paragraph 1) probably mean? （2002年NMET）
A.a party designed by specialists B.a plan requiring careful thought
C.a situation causing difficulty or trouble D.a demand made by guests
[分析]根据对比关系，这里hassle 和 a basket of fun 是相反的意义，很容易判断理解题的答案为C。
例6.Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
该句中副词similarly表明短语loves to talk和loquacious 之间的比较关系，其意义相近。由此我们可推断出loquacious的意思是健谈的。
2.根据因果关系猜测词义
在句子或段落中，若两个事物现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推测生词词义。
例7.feel that since you are my superior , it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .
（2005年上海卷）
The word presumptuous in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to .
A．full of respect B．too confident and rude C．lacking in experience D．too shy and quiet
[分析]根据since 引导的原因状语从句的内容（既然你是我的上司），我们可以推断这里presumptuous的意思是：冒失的，放肆的意思，后半句的意思是：我告诉你怎么做会是一种放肆/冒失的行为。对应的理解题答案为：B。
例8.Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots,or young leaves.（2005年江西卷）
根据原因状语从句的内容，我们可以判断Pruning的意思是：修剪（树枝等）的意思。
3.根据说明、并列、同等同义近义、、反义等关系猜测词义
在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境所表面的关系猜测词义。
例9.William Shakespeare said. The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（纱线），good and ill together. （2005年江苏卷）
The underlined word mingled in the last paragraph most probably means .
A．simple B．mixed C．sad D．happy
[分析]句中good and ill together 更具体地说明了a mingled yarn的意义，据此我们不难推测mingled的意思是：混合的，交织的。
例10.Is it possible to beat high blood pressure without drugs ? The answer is yes, according to the researchers at Johns Hopkins and three other medical centers. （2004年湖北卷）
[分析]根据and three other medical centers 这种并列关系，我们很容易推断出：Johns Hopkins是一家医疗中心。
例11.There is no reason to insult and defame the man simply because you do not agree with him.
[分析]根据与insult侮辱的同等关系猜测defame为诋毁 ，中伤或诽谤
例12.The game Americans call soccer is known around the world as football.
[分析]运用与football的同义关系推断为足球。
例13.The house stood at the end of a quiet neat street. The little dwelling,however,looked neglected and cheerless.
[分析]运用与The house近义关系可以推断dwelling与住所有关
例14.Most women in China ---ecated and illiterated, urban and rural, the young and old-----work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers.
[分析]后面的urban and rural, the young and old之间都有反义关系，运用这个关系可以推断illiterated为未接受过教育的，即文盲
三是通过构词法
在猜测词义过程中，我们还可以依靠构词法方面的知识，从生词本身猜测词义。
1.根据前缀猜测词义
例15.Do you have any strong opinion on co-ecational or single-sex schools?
根据词根ecational （教育的），结合前缀co-（共同，一起），我们便可以猜出co-ecational的意思是：男女同校教育的意思。（2005年江西卷）
2.根据后缀猜测词义
例16. It's a quiet, comfortable hotel overlooking (俯瞰) the bay in an uncommercialized Cornish fishing village on England's most southerly point．（2005年广东卷）
后缀 -ise/ize意思是使成为；使化，结合词根commercial（商业的），不难猜出 uncommercialized 的意思是：未被商业化的。
3.根据复合词的各部分猜测词义
例17.Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well – designed tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward（别扭的）hand positions.（2005年北京卷）
Well-designed 或许是个生词，但我们分析该词的结构后，就能推测出其含义。它由well （好，优秀）和design （设计）两部分组成，合在一起便是设计精巧的意思。
例18. We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-proced by unskilled labor. Because of this, most people that craft (手艺) no longer exists. （2004年浙江卷）
根据合成词中的mass （大量的）和proce （生产），我们可以推测 mass-proce的意思是：大批量生产；规模生产的意思。
4.猜测词性变换新词含义
例19.The other teams, disappointed, were on the bus heading home. （2004年山东卷）
head本为名词，表头。由the bus和home的语境逻辑可以推断，该句head为动词，表方向，结合全句可译为开往、驶向。
例20.I had first known she was wrong, that her anxiety had clouded her judgment. （2004全国卷Ⅱ）
cloud本为名词，表云。分析语境逻辑可知，忧虑会影响一个人的判断，因此该句clouded应译为使难以。

㈢ 高中英语阅读题

高中英语阅读题

练习是提高英语阅读理解的一个硬办法，下面是我整理的高中的英语阅读练习题以及答案，有需要的朋友可以阅读参考一下哦!

第一篇：

Ever since news of widespread food recalls caused by a carcinogenic dye broke, there has been confusion over possible links to the country of the same name, but Sudan officials say thereis no connection whatever.

Sudan?1 is a red instrial dye that has been found in some chilli powder, but was banned in food procts across the European Union (EU) in July 2003.

Since the ban was put in place, EU officials have been striving to remove some food procts from the shelves. So far 580 procts have been recalled.

Last week Sudan‘s Embassy in the United Kingdom asked the Food Standards Agency (FSA) for clarification of the origin of the dye‘s name.

Omaima Mahmoud Al Sharief, a press official at Sudan‘s Embassy in China, explained the purpose of the inquiry was to clear up any misunderstanding over links between the country and the poisonous dye.

"We want to keep an eye on every detail and avoid any misunderstanding there," she said. "Our embassy to Britain asked them how the dye got that name and whether the dye had something to do with our country. But they told us there was no relationship."

The FSA, an independent food security watchdog in Britain, received a letter from the Sudanese embassy last week.

"They asked us why the dye is named Sudan, however, we also do not know how it got the name," she said. "People found the dye in 1883 and gave it the name. Nobody knows the reason, and we cannot give any explanation before we find out."

Sudan dyes, which include Sudan?1 to 4, are red dyes(颜料) used for colouring solvents(溶剂), oils, waxes, petrol, and shoe and floor polishes. They are classified as carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.

1. What does the underlined word mean in paragraph one?

A. Causing cancer. B. Having side effect. C. Containing poison. D.Poisonous

2. How did the Sudan?1 get its name?

A. The dye is often proced in Sudan.

B. The dye has something to do with the country named Sudan.

C. Nobody is sure of the origin of the name.

D. Many foods proced in Sudan contain the dye.

3. We can infer from the passage that.

A. the Sudan government is paying much attention to the food safety

B. Sudan?1 is often used to be added to the food

C. people didn’t realize the danger of Sudan?1 until 2003

D. many food shops will be closed down

4. Which of the following is the best title? A. Keep away from Sudan?1

B. No Sudan?1 dye links to the country C. How Sudan?1 dye got its name?

D. Pay attention to the food safety

第二篇：

During the fourth China Beijing High-tech Instries Week, exhibitions, feature presentations, technological exchanges and trade talks, and other events are organized.

Exhibitions

•China International Exhibition Centre

*Section for China‘s key science and technology achievements of the Ninth Five Year Plan (1996-2000)

*Environmental protection and energy section

*Section for exhibitors from other provinces and municipalities(自治市) and regions of China

·China World Trade Centre

*Exchange and Trade Fair for Science and Technology Books and Sports Information Media *The Trade Fair for Modern Intelligent Houses and Beijing Urban Real Estate ·China Millenium Monument

*Forum(论坛)and Exhibition of Foreign Sci-tech Universities ·China Agricultural Culture Centre

*High-tech Construction Procts Exhitibion Feature Presentation ·Science and Ecation

*Scientists Forum on the New Century ·High-tech Instry

*Forum on Environmental Protection

*2001 Forum on Bio-technology on Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Medicine Technical Exchanges and Trade Talks

·Trade talks on financial capital transformation

· Sino-Italian Forum and Trade Fair for the Development of IT and Com munications Technology

1.If you want to know more about the high-tech achievements of different parts of China, you should go to______.

A. China World Trade Centre B. China Millenium Monument

C. China International Exhibition Centre D. China Agricultural Culture Centre

2.These sessions mark the achievements of mankind in the fields of______.

A. electronic communications, energy and ecation

B. sports technology, film-instry and environmental protection C. network technology, high-tech instries and traffic D. medicine, weather broadcast and finance

3.The advertisement is mainly about______.

A. the major activities of the high-tech week B. the time-table of high-tech week C. the names of the meeting places D. the topic of trade talks

第三篇：

In East Africa there is a bribe(部落) of people called the Masai. They are tall and slim(苗条的) and carry long spears to guard their cattle against an attacking lion or leopard(豹). These Africans move from place to place on the rolling(绵延起伏的) grasslands looking for suitable grazing(牧场) and water. Mboto is twelve years old. He helps his father drive the cattle. If the family decides to remain in one spot for a while, he helps gather sticks and thin branches to build a simple house. The sticks are placed in the ground in a circle. They are then bent inwards and joined at the top. Small branches and leaves fill the spaces. If it looks as if the family will stay longer than usual, then the inside walls are often plastered with cattle manure(粪). For a door there is only a small opening to allow a person to enter. A thorn(刺) fence is built around the small house to keep cattle safe at night. Lions, leopards and hyenas prowl(觅食) around after dark. So the cattle would be easily killed and eaten.

When Mboto grows up into a man, he will become a true Masai warrior(勇士). He will have to join other warriors in the strange custom of drinking blood. The blood is taken from the neck of one of their cattle. It is mixed with milk and together with meat. It becomes the main food for the men.

The Masai have lived this way for thousands of years. The only change that seems to have affected their lives is the use of the transistor(晶体管) radio. It is quite common to see a young warrior with a pair of earphones listening to music while has is with his cattle.

1.The underlined word plastered in the first paragraph means______.

A. painted B. covered all over C. put up D. dotted

2.What do the Masai spend most of their time doing?

A. Hunting B. Fighting against wild animals C. Grazing their cattle D. Building small houses

3.It can be learned from the text that______.

A. a Masai warrior drinks blood mixed with milk B. Mboto is a strong Masai warrior

C. a thorn fence is built to keep the cattle out

D. the Masai has nearly a thousand years of history

4.Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?

A. The Masai wander over the rolling African grasslands.

B. A Masai‘s simple house has a small opening as a door to allow a person to enter.

C. A Masai‘s simple house is made of branches and strong sticks.

D. Modern inventions don‘t affect the Masai‘s lives at all.

>>>>>>参考答案<<<<<<

第一篇：

1. A词义猜测题。根据They are classified as carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. 可知这个词与癌症有关，故可推出carcinogenic意为"致癌的."。

2. C细节题。根据People found the dye in 1883 and gave it the name. Nobody knows the reason, and we cannot give any explanation before we find out.可知还没有人知道"苏丹红"名称的由来。

3. B推断题。根据EU officials have been striving to remove some food procts from the shelves. So far 580 procts have been recalled.可知某些食品因含有"苏丹红"而被召回。故可推断"苏丹红"经常用作食品添加剂。

4. B主旨大意题。根据there has been confusion over possible links to the country of the same name, but Sudan officials say there is no connection whatever. 可知本文主要讲"苏丹红"与苏丹这个国家是否有联系的问题，故B最佳。

第二篇：C A A

第三篇：B C A D

;

㈣ 英语周报高三外研2015-2016第38期阅读理解专练答案

英语周报高三外研2015-2016第38期阅读理解专练答案
阅读理解专练（四）
参考答案
1-5 DAABC 6-10 CBDAB
11-14 CBDC
解析
A篇（社会）
本文是记叙文。彬彬有礼、慈祥和蔼的英国女王伊丽莎白二世曾经还是一位会调试引擎、修理轮胎的“女汉子”。
1. D。细节理解题。由第一段中的women worked at jobs traditionally held by men, who were nowoverseas fighting可知，二战期间的英国妇女被允许在男性岗位上工作。
2. A。细节理解题。由第二段中的King George VI, thought it was too dangerous. But Princess Elizabethwould not take no for an answer可知，起初乔治六世国王拒绝了伊丽莎白公主想要参加A.T.S.的请求。
3. A。细节理解题。由第四段中的she learned to take apart an engine and then assemble it和第五段中的Princess Elizabeth worked oncar, truck, and even tank engines 可知，在A.T.S.服役期间，伊丽莎白公主学会了拆卸各种汽车引擎，俨然变成了一位汽车修理工。第四段的I'm a mechanic at last也是提示。
4. B。推理判断题。由第二段伊丽莎白公主经过数月说服父母同意她参军可知，她意志力坚定；再根据第五、六段描述伊丽莎白公主独自开卡车可知，她胆子很大。
5. C。推理判断题。由最后一段可知，年届八旬的伊丽莎白女王依然开车、骑马、管理农庄，由此推知，她的身体非常健朗。
B篇（自然）
本文是说明文。文章介绍了科学家对野生狒狒饮食情况的研究结果。
6. C。篇章结构题。由第一段中的it seemed as if they ate everything. But did they really? ...Baboons should be picky eaters可推断，划线部分指代野生狒狒是否挑食这个谜。
7. B。细节理解题。由第二段中的the monkeys ate whatever they could find as long as the foods had alot of protein and fat可知，野生狒狒喜欢富含蛋白质和脂肪的食物。
8. D。细节理解题。由第三段中的baboons were smart ... remember a lot of things ... easily remembertheir friends and enemies可知，野生狒狒记性好。
9. A。段落大意题。第四段主要讲作者研究野生狒狒寻找食物的过程和方法。
10. B。推理判断题。由最后一段中的baboons did not find ... walked quickly and directly to baobab trees可推断，野生狒狒知道猴面包树的位置。
C篇（个人情感）
本文是议论文。文章论述了同理心的重要性。
11. C。细节理解题。由第二段末的They afterwards developed a friendship based on their commoninterest in Aristotle's ethics可知。
12. B。细节理解题。由第四段Furthermore, it's about recovering the curiosity everyone had as achild ... be an interested inquirer可知，成年人应该像孩子一样对他人感到好奇。
13. D。细节理解题。由第五段中的you borrow a person for conversation ... people you may not get tomeet in everyday life可知，在真人图书馆，你可以和比较特别的人聊天。
14. C。推理判断题。由最后一段中的without empathy a person is “emotionally tone deaf ”可推断，培养对他人的同理心很重要。

阅读理解专练（五）
参考答案
1-4 DAAC 5-9 BDCDA
10-14 CBBDB
解析
A篇（体育）
本文是记叙文。文章讲述了棒球泥的故事。
1. D。细节理解题。由第一段末的a deadly game及第三段开头的Back then ... hard to control和末句的One batter was even killed可知，在1938年前棒球是危险的运动。
2. A。推理判断题。由第四段中的improving the grip without damaging the leather可推断，这种泥使棒球更容易控制。
3. A。推理判断题。由第四段末的they gave his mud a thumbs-up. By the 1950s, every major-league teamwas using it可推断，裁判们认为Blackburne的方法很好。
4. C。标题归纳题。文章主要讲了棒球泥被发现和使用的历史，这种泥的位置目前仍是秘密，故C项最适合作本文的标题。
B篇（自然）
本文是说明文。文章介绍了江鳕的外貌、饮食、生活习性及生存现状。
5. B。推理判断题。由第二段中的The fish is ... not exactly pretty及最后一段中的unattractive ones可推断，江鳕长得比较丑。
6. D。细节理解题。由第二段中的They're a very greedy animal ... they really will eat anything theycan get可知，江鳕吃很多种食物。
7. C。细节理解题。由第三段中的burbot can be trapped under ice — they need cold temperatures to lay eggs可知，江鳕需要到冰下产卵。
8. D。句意理解题。由上文中的the only burbot in England ... preserved in jars可推断，悬赏的奖金一直无人领取说明江鳕已经在英国的海域消失了。
9. A。推理判断题。由最后一段中的But what about the unattractive ones ... speak up for the burbot可推断，作者对江鳕的现状很担忧。
C篇（人际关系）
本文是记叙文。一个阿斯伯格综合症患者被同学欺凌后的反应让人称赞。
10. C。细节理解题。由第一段中的Gavin, a teenager with Asperger's Syndrome ... affects a person'sability to socialize ... appears distant from his schoolmates可知。
11. B。词义猜测题。由第二段中的it's weird及 he wanted to be friends with people he didn't know可推断，一些孩子认为Gavin想和陌生人交朋友的行为很奇怪。
12. B。细节理解题。由第一段中的was beaten up just for being different及第二、三段可知，Gavin仅仅因为和别人不同而被打。
13. D。细节理解题。由倒数第二、三段可知，Gavin想让欺凌他的孩子们从这次事件中学到东西。
14. B。推理判断题。Gavin在被欺凌后不仅没有粗暴地报复，反而想办法让欺负他的孩子们从这件事上有所收获。再由文章开头的the end results are much more optimistic及第四段末的Gavin's reaction speaksvolumes可推断，他对待欺凌的方式值得称赞。

阅读理解专练（六）
参考答案
1-5 DCBCD 6-10 BADBC
11-14 BDAB
解析
A篇（家庭）
本文是记叙文。文章围绕父亲的礼物讲述了父子之情。
1. D。篇章结构题。由第二段开头的Dad made it及第三段开头的He gave me the little man in the bathtub可知，划线词指代父亲送给作者的礼物。
2. C。推理判断题。由第二段中的Carved out of ... hollow可推断，这个礼物制作精巧。
3. B。推理判断题。由第三段中的I cried while reading that ... how could Dad even think that?可推断，当作者读父亲的信时，他感到既伤心又惊讶。
4. C。细节理解题。由倒数第二段末的We both matured, and our relationship as alts was far better thanwhen I was younger可知。
5. D。细节理解题。由最后一段中的While I will forever treasure it, the little man in the bathtub willnever be finished可知，父亲走了，音乐盒永远都不可能完成了，作者为此深感遗憾。
B篇（文娱）
本文是记叙文。文章讲述了糖果乐园游戏的历史。
6. B。推理判断题。由第一段中的The kids were lonely and sad, and Abbott ... the perfectentertainment可推断，Abbott试图用这种游戏使患小儿麻痹症的孩子们高兴起来。
7. A。细节理解题。由第二段中的they loved it可知。
8. D。段落大意题。第三段中的It's possible that polio helped make Candy Land famous是主题句。小儿麻痹症在全国范围内传染期间，人们为避免被传染尽量不和别人接触。该疾病的影响加上其它的因素，共同为糖果乐园游戏的流行创造了极佳的条件。
9. B。细节理解题。由第三段可知，受二十世纪五十年代早期小儿麻痹症的影响，糖果乐园游戏流行起来。
10. C。推理判断题。由第一段可知，Abbott看到生病的孩子们孤独而伤心便想办法让他们高兴起来；再由最后一段可知，Abbott将自己得到的第一笔版税中的很多钱送给了当初在病房见到的孩子们。据此可推断，她是一个善良的人。
C篇（文学）
本文是应用文。文章是一则诗歌比赛的通知。
11. B。细节理解题。由第二段中的The poem must be about a specific person可知。
12. D。细节理解题。由第四段开头的E-mail entries to ... fax to可知。
13. A。细节理解题。由倒数第三段中的Include your real name ... 可知。
14. B。文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文是一则诗歌比赛的通知。

阅读理解专练（七）
参考答案
1-5 CCBAC 6-10 ACCDB
11-14 DACD
解析
A篇（饮食）
本文是记叙文。文章主要介绍了SlushPuppie这种冷饮的由来。
1. C。细节理解题。由第一段中的One evening, Radcliff ... brainstorm some names for his would-beslushy drink可知C项说法正确。
2. C。细节理解题。由第三段中的An eight-ounce Slush Puppie contains 119 calories ... it has a verypleasant taste可知，SlushPuppie这种冷饮热量高，但很可口。
3. B。词义猜测题。由该词前后的by 1999 sales had reached $25 million a year和he eventually pushed his idea intoa global phenomenon可知，Radcliff非常机敏，他趁着饮料热销的势头将其推向国外市场。
4. A。细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的he built a large farm and became a fierce advocate for landconservation可知，Radcliff之所以购买那片湿地是为了保护土地，这说明他是个关爱大自然的人。
5. C。标题归纳题。总览全文可知，文章主要介绍了Slush Puppie这种冷饮的由来，故选C项。
B篇（健康）
本文是说明文。研究表明过度降低食物盐分对身体有害。
6. A。推理判断题。由第二段中的1,500 for groups considered at greater risk, like alts older than50可知，美国政府建议健康的老人每天食用1500毫克钠。
7. C。词义猜测题。由第三段该词所在句中的but可知，scant与considerable（相当多的）意思相反，故选C项。
8. C。细节理解题。由第四段中的Consumption below that level showed increased risk of death andcardiovascular events可知，该研究认为，每天食用少于3000毫克的钠对健康不利。
9. D。推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的the new McMaster data are among the best available and that no studyhas shown a benefit from recing sodium consumption to below 2,300 milligramsa day可知，Strom支持该研究结果。
10. B。细节理解题。由最后一段可知，这些加拿大科学家建议高血压患者适当降低钠的摄入量。
C篇（社会）
本文是应用文。KarlaL. Miller就读者在工作上遇到的问题给出了她的建议。
11. D。细节理解题。根据信中的my boss has freely called me ... ring my off-hours and vacation可知，Sam的老板经常在非工作时间给他打电话或发邮件。
12. A。推理判断题。根据Sam信中的描述，尤其是最后一段的Iam ready to lose it可知，对于老板的行为，Sam感到很不开心。lose it情绪失控。
13. C。句意理解题。根据划线部分下文的but then continues to contact you以及Sam信中的Each time Iask, she apologizes and stops for a while, but ... 可知，此处的意思是“你的老板好像明白她所做的事情有些不妥，但是仍旧那样做，即在非工作时间给员工打电话或发邮件”。
14. D。细节理解题。根据Karla L. Miller回信中的最后一段内容You could ask her ... so you can be paid for it可知，Karla建议Sam好好和老板谈谈。

㈤ 高中英语阅读理解的词义猜测题怎么做

阅读理解能力测试的主要要求及应试策略 王俊 高中英语阅读理解能力测试的主要要求： 1．读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节。 2．既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念。 3．既理解字面的意思，也理解深层的含义，包括作者的态度，意图等。 4．既理解某句，某段的含义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断。 5．既能根据所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。根据这五项要求，我们可将阅读理解多项选择题归纳为以下几种题型：细节理解题，词句理解题，主题、主旨题，猜测词义题，推理判断题。下面作者结合平时教学中的经验体会，谈一谈做英语 阅读理解题的技巧与策略。 一、 先看题干，带着问题读文章。 即先看试题，再读文章。阅读题干，首先要掌握问题的类型，分清是客观信息题还是主观判断题。客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调，作者未加陈述的观点以及贯穿全文的中心主旨的理解等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率，节省了宝贵的时间。特别适用于对 图形表格类题材的理解。 二、 速读全文，了解大意知主题。 阅读的目的是获取信息。一个人的阅读能力的高低决定了他能否快速高效吸收有用信息。阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力。没有一定的阅读速度就不能顺利地输入信息，更谈不上运用英语。近几年的高考阅读速度大约是每分钟40个词左右。考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情 节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。 抓主题句这是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主题句一般出现在文章的开头和结尾。用归纳法撰写的文章，都是表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子居后。此时主题句就是文章的最后一句。通常用演绎法撰写的文章，大都遵循从一般到个别的写作程序，即从概述开始，随之辅以细说。这时，主题句就是文章的第一句。当然也有些文章没有主题句，需要读者自己去归纳。主题句往往对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用，主旨大意题，归纳概括题，中心思想题往 往直接可从主题句中找到答案。 试试看，你能找出下面一段文章的主题句吗？ The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops. 不难看出，文章的第一句是主题句，后面的句子都围绕这个句子展 开。 三、 详读细节，理顺思路与文章脉络。 文章绝不是互不相干的句子杂乱无章的堆砌。作者为文，有脉可循。如记叙文多以人物为中心，以时间或空间为线索，按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事；论述体则包含论点、论据、结论三大要素，通过解释、举例来阐述观点。你可根据文章的特点，详读细节，以动词、时间、地点、事件、因果等为线索，找出关键词语，运用"画 图列表法"，勾画出一幅完整清晰的文章主题和细节的认知图。 例如：SEFC 3A Feed the World(2) 本文通过四个不同的国家和地区，总结了世界饥荒的主要原因。运 用图表，文章的结构和思路就一目了然了。 Reasons for world hunger In EU: 1) Food is bought from farmers and thrown away. 2) Farmers are paid not to grow crops. In India: Most land is owned by rich land owners. In less developed countries: Farmers are forced to plant cash crops. In western countries: Grain is fed to beef cattle. 四、 逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。 在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。这就是通常所说的深层理解。深层理解主要包括归纳概括题（中心思想，加标题等）和推理判断题，是阅读理解中的难点。深层理解是一种创造性的思维活动。它必须忠实于原文；要以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知推断未知，不能凭空想象，随意揣测；它要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。只有吃透文章的字面意思，推理才 有前提和基础。推理题在提问中常用的词有： infer, imply, suggest, indicate等。例如高考题： Annealing Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. If metal is heated and then cooled very quickly, for example by dipping (浸) it in water, it will be very hard but also very brittle-that is, it will break easily. Metal that has been annealed is soft but does not break as easily. It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as it is wished, by annealing it. The metal is heated, and allowed to cool slowly for a certain length of time. The longer the heated metal takes to cool slowly, the softer it becomes. Annealing can also be used on other material, such as glass. 1. Why do people put hot metal in water? A. To make it hard. B. To make it soft. C. To make it cool. D. To make it brittle. 2. In annealing, the required hardness of metal depends on __. A. the quantity of water used B. the temperature of the metal C. the softness of the metal D. the timing of the operation 3. As suggested by the text, how can glass be made less brittle? A. It can be heated and then cooled quickly. B. It can be cooled and then heated slowly. C. It can be heated and then cooled slowly. D. It can be cooled and then heated quickly. 1、答案为A，此题属推断归纳题。文中第二句说如果把金属加热，然后迅速放到水里冷却，也就会变得非常硬，但也变得脆。hard 是工艺的主观目的。brittle是伴随的客观结果，故选A而不选D。B 项明显错误；C项是手段不是目的，因此，都可排除。 2、答案为D,此题属概括归纳题。timing 是时间的选择。本答案的依据是5和6两句，"The metal is heated,…length of time.","The longer…the softer it becomes."cool 的时间是可以控制的，时间越长越 soft,即硬度就越低。由此我们可得出结论：在退火过程 中，金属的硬度是受到冷却的时间长短影响的。 3、答案为C此题属推理判断题。文中提到"metal"。最后一句说退 火工艺同样可用于象玻璃一类的其他材料。文中我们已知"annealing"就是先"heat"后"cool slowly"。由此推断C是正确的。 五、 猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。 猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同 位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。 a. 定义法 如：Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.句子给予annealing 以明确的定义，即"退火"。 It will be very hard but also very brittle------that is , it will break easily.从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是"脆"的意思。 The herdsman , who looks after sheep,earns about 650yuan a year.定语从句中 looks after sheep 就表明了 herdsman 的词义为"牧人"。 b 同位法 如:They traveled a long way , at last got to a castle, a large building in old times.同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了 castle 的确切词义，即"城堡"。 We are on the night shift----from midnight to 8 a.m.---this week.两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明night shift 是"夜班"的意思。 c. 对比法 如:She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. but 一词表转折，因此but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是她今天"第一节上了一半才来"，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向"准时"的结论。 d. 构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等） Perhaps, we can see some possibilities for next fifty years. But the next hundred? possibility 是 possible 的同根名词， 据此可以判断定 possibility 意思是"可能性"。 e. 因果法 如:The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken。Sometimes the weakness was permanent。So the player could never play the sport again.从后面的结果"永远不能再运动"中，可以推测 permanent 的意思为"永远的，永久的"。 六、 养成习惯，潜移默化结硕果。 1、养成默读习惯，使注意力集中的文字符号上，纠正唇读，心读，喉读等做法，以免分散精力，影响阅读速度。 2、克服指读、回视、重读等不良习惯，因为这样容易使理解只停留在某个词或句子上，使获得的信息支离破碎。要善于抓住句子中的核心词，从一个句子快速地扫视到另一个句子，进行连贯性理解。 如:"Would you like to do some shopping together with me? If you are free, please ring me back to tell me about it."这个句子，只要扫视划线的核心词，其语义就基本上清楚了。 英语阅读能力的培养是一个渐进的复杂过程，要养成每天阅读英语的习惯，循序渐进，持之以恒，精泛结合，广泛猎奇。在潜移默化 中你会感觉到你的阅读能力又有了长足的提高。
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