新课标英语二级阅读理解

⑴ 求英语2013高考新课标全国卷2四篇阅读理解翻译，高三学党。

第一篇
医生是著名的糟糕“引航员”，他们不需要听命于别人因为他们早已全部知道。我很辛运：1970年我成为了一名引航员，差不多比我从药学院毕业早10年。我之前并没有意识到这些，但是成为一名引航员让我成为了一名更好的外科医生。我喜欢飞翔。当我开着更大更快的飞机，在更为恶劣的天气的时候，我学到了机组资源管理，或者称为CRM，一种可以飞得更安全的方法。这意味着机组成员应该听命并站出来为好的结果说话，忽略自己的地位
1980年我第一次接触到CRM。那不久之后，一名主治医师和我正在恶劣天气中飞行。控制员让我们准备着陆时已经太晚了。主治医生正在飞行，我是一个保证安全的引航员，由于一个糟糕的转弯他变得手忙脚乱，他忘记把起落架放下来。他是一个不错的引航员——还有我的上级——所以 为他们说好话会觉得很奇怪。但是我必须这么做：我们的生命处于危险之中。我把我的不容易抛到了一边然后说：“我们现在需要把起落架放下来！”这是我在CRM压力下第一堂真实的课程。从那之后我就开始在手术室使用这招了。
CRM要求引航员/外科医生鼓励他人站出来说话。这更要求当建议来自反方时，医生不会有可能阻止从属医生再次提出建议的过激反应。所以呢，当我在手术室的时候，我从他人那里获取想法和帮助。有时候他们不愿意站出来说话，但是我希望如果我继续鼓励他们，有一天某个人会组织我把起落架收起来。

第二篇
1947年一群由一位澳大利亚管理者率领的来自艺术世界的名人决定在爱丁堡举办一场国际化的音乐、舞蹈和喜剧盛会。在第二次世界大战之后，这个主意重组了欧洲。
在同一时间，“Fringe”这个单词作为官方节日的挑战出现了。1947年，在每个人都有表演的权力的信念促使下，八个戏剧团没有被邀请，在一间废弃了很多年的屋子里他们也是这么做的。
很快，几群学生先是来自爱丁堡大学的，后来是来自牛津和剑桥、达勒姆和伯明翰大学的学生，他们当时正在前往Scottish首都之旅中，每个夏天在小小的教堂里为爱丁堡人表演由不知名戏剧作者写的戏剧。
今天， “Fringe”，一度缺乏关注的艺术形式，已经极度地繁荣了这个包含1500多个戏剧、音乐和舞蹈表演的持续21天的节日盛会的每一天。追溯到1959年，只有19个戏剧表演团在表演，有人说它愈来愈壮大了。
1971年付费管理员才第一次被雇佣，今天八个管理员一整年都在工作，并且在八月份人数自动上升至150.2004年200个地方为来自50个不同国家600多个不同的剧团表演的1695个节目提供了场地。卖出的票超过125，000，000

第三篇
据说很多人的情绪会受巧克力的化学作用影响，巧克力店类似于中医药店可能只是时间的问题。这看起来就像是电影查理和巧克力工厂的背景。
新加坡的巧克力研究设备能生产100多种巧克力，它的创始人是Chris Lee， 一个成长在父母的comer 店里，一只手几乎总是伸在甜品罐里的人。
如果巧克力研究设备看起来是个不错的主意，那就是因为lee 不仅仅是有原则的销售人员，他更是一个与很多知名公司如Levi's和Sony有贸易关系的销售部门领袖。当开始制作不同口味的巧克力时，这个主意自然导致了工作时的想象力（？）
cpf的产品是“绿色的”。在乡村生产并且分了十条生产线。含酒精系列产品最受欢迎。Exotic系列——用四川辣椒、红豆、cheese和其他香料制成的——也做得很好并且尝起来很有趣。至于chocolate snobs（自认为很懂巧克力的人），这些自认为他们比别人更了解巧克力的人，Connoisseur系列用了来自Togo, Cuba, Venezuela , and Ghana的cocoa 豆，(among others,暂未理解）

第四篇
低成本的母亲节礼物

礼物第一名
主动成为你母亲健康的朋友。你要承诺无论是看一个还是所有医生，无论是一场病还是常规的药物检查你都会陪在她身边。大多数的母亲都会说“不需要”。当看医生时，另一双眼睛和耳朵总是个好主意（有人陪的意思）。最好的部分是什么？这个是免费的。

礼物第二名
帮助你的母亲整理她所有的药物记录，这包含检查结果和药物信息。把这些全部放到一个地方。确保给她列一张清单，上面包括她吃过的所有药以及她吃这些药的时间。“把这些信息放在一个地方最终就会节省你母亲的生命”Marie Savard医生说。

礼物第三名
足够的睡眠与一般的健康情况有关。“给你母亲买纯棉床单和舒服的枕头来促进她的良好睡眠”， Savard说，“我们知道好的睡眠对我们的健康很重要。”

礼物第四名
一些礼物公司比如Presents for Purpose允许你在母亲节取礼物前支付礼物钱，你所支付的礼物价格的百分之十将送给慈善机构。送礼物的人可以从一大堆实用但是不贵的东西中挑选——很多都是绿色的——然后从清单中选择一个有意义的慈善机构。当你的母亲收到这份礼物，她将被告知她已经帮助了一个被选择的慈善机构。

⑵ 2019年 高考英语 新课标2 阅读理解精析

A

OPENINGS AND PREVIEWS

Animals Out of Paper

    Yolo! Proctions and the Great Griffon狮鹫 宽纯 present the play by Rajiv Joseph, in which an origami (折纸术) artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio. Merri Milwe directs. In previews. Opens Feb. 12. (West Park Presbyterian Church, 165 W. 86th St. 212-868-4444.)

The Audience

    Helen Mirren stars（star v. 担任主角）  in the play by Peter Morgan, about Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ of the UK and her private meetings私人嫌液会议  with twelve Prime Ministers 首相大臣  in the course of 在...期间  sixty years. Stephen Daldry directs. Also starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey, Previews begin Feb. 14. (Schoenfeld, 236 W. 45th St. 212-239-6200.)

Hamilton

    Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical 音乐剧  about Alexander Hamilton, in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant 外来移民的  story. Thomas Kail directs. In previews. Opens Feb. 17. (Public, 425 Lafayette St. 212-967-7555.)

On the Twentieth Century

    Kristin Chenoweth and Peter Gallagher star in the musical comedy by Betty Comden and Adolph Green, about a Broadway 百老汇  procer who tries to win a movie star's love ring a cross-country train journey. Scott Ellis directs, for Roundabout Theatre Company. Previews begin Feb. 12. (American Airlines Theatre.227. W. 42nd St. 212-719-1300.)

B

    For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration激励,鼓舞 for Western creativity.

    " It's nо secret that China has always been а source (来源) оf inspiration fоr designers," says Amanda Hill, a chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion (时尚) shows .

 芹巧物   Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art 艺术品 , with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics (美学) on Western fashion and how China has fueled（fuel v. 加强,刺激） the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.

    "China is impossible to overlook," says Hill. "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns 运动,活动  that sell dreams to women all over the world , which means Chinese women are not just不仅仅  consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement." Of course , not only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China — some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese. "Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on（take on sth 接管） Galliano, Albaz, Mare Jacobs — and beating them hands down（beat sb hands down 轻松击败某人）  in design and sales," adds Hill.

    For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. "The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models , and s o are the consumers（so be/do/have/情态动词 sb/sth. ...也是）, " she says. "China is no longer just  不再仅仅是 another market; in many senses（在很多意义上） , it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China — its influences, its direction, its breathtaking（breathtaking adj. 激动人心的） clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging 承认,认可 that in many ways ."

C

    Before the 1830s, most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $10 a year. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money , but at that time these amounts were forbidding（forbidding adj. 可怕的，令人生畏的）  to most citizens. Accordingly 于是, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition , most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to（sth appeal to sb. 对...有吸引力；使感兴趣） a mass audience. They were ll and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place（take place 发生） in the 1830s would change all that.

    The trend, then, was toward the "penny paper" — a term referring to（refer to sth. 提到,谈到）  papers made widely available to the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street .

    This development did not take place overnight . It had been possible (but not easy) to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830, but this usually meant the reader had to go down to（go down to sw. 去往某地）  the printer's office to purchase a . Street sales were almost unknown. However, within a few years , street sales of newspapers would be commonplace 普遍的  in eastern cities. At first , the price of single copies was seldom a penny — usually, two or three cents was charged（charge v. 收费，要价） — and some of the older well-known papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase "penny paper" caught the public's fancy（catch/take sb's fancy 吸引某人，中某人的意） , and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.

    This new trend of newspapers for "the man on the street" did not begin well. Some of the early ventures (企业 ) were immediate failures . Publishers already in business在营业中 , people who were owners of successful papers, had little desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring（daring adj. 勇敢的,敢于冒险的）  businessmen to get the ball rolling（set/start/get the ball rolling 着手做，开始做，带头做）.

D

    Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.

    A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of（consist of sth 由...构成）  numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined — or added — the symbols to get the reward.

    Here's how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the experiment: In their cages, the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other side, two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the number 7 would flash（flash v. 快速地显示）  on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen, they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers — 17 in this example.

    After running hundreds of 数以百计的  tests, the researchers noted 指出,留意到  that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.

    When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to（tend to do sth 倾向于做某事）  underestimate (低估) a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value — sometimes choosing, for example , a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6. The underestimation was systematic 有条理的，成体系的 : When adding two numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two and then added only a fraction (小部分) of the smaller number to it.

    "This indicates 显示  that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains," Dr. Livingstone says. "But in this experiment what they're doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one." （pay attention to sth）

⑶ 阅读理解 公共英语二级

12 the farther the sight,the near the rain ,你看的越远，雨离你越近。当然选 c 视力。
13 a b c 分别描述了 视觉 味觉 听觉 预测天气。当然 a b c 都是正确的。
14 正确答案应该是 B odor 气味的意思。

⑷ 2020年高考英语全国卷2 - 阅读理解B

Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.
一些家长只要认为对孩子有益，他们就会购买任何高科技玩具，但研究人员认为拼图有助于提高孩子们的数学相关技能。

Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition after controlling for differences in parents’ income, ecation and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.
芝加哥大学儿童数学发展专家心理学家苏珊·莱文发现，在2岁到4岁之间玩拼图游戏的孩子们随后会发展出更好的空间技能。莱文说，在避免了父母收入、教育程度和父母交谈量的差异后，拼图游戏被认为是认知能力的一个重要预测因素。

The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs ring everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.
研究人员分析了53对父母与子女在家庭日常活动中的视频记录，发现26至46个月之间玩拼图游戏的孩子在54个月大时空间技能更好。

“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.
“玩拼图游戏的孩子在评估他们旋转和变换形状能力要比没有玩拼图游戏的孩子好，”莱文在一份声明中说。

The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active ring puzzle play than parents of girls.
研究人员要求父母像平时一样与孩子互动，研究中约有一半的孩子曾玩过拼图游戏。高收入的父母往往让孩子多玩些拼图，玩拼图的男孩和女孩都会有更好的空间技能。不过，男孩往往玩的拼图比女孩的更复杂，男孩的父母在玩拼图游戏时比女孩的父母提供了更多的空间语言，也更活跃。

The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science .
研究结果发表在《发展科学》杂志上。

⑸ 3月公共英语二级阅读理解真题解析

2015年3月公共英语二级阅读理解真题解析

明天就是公共英语三级考试开考的时间的，本次公共英语三级考试的级别是一到三级。下面是我整理的公共英语二级2015年的阅读理解真题，欢迎阅读!

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的[A]、[B]、[C]和[D]四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Text 1

William Kunz is a computer genius(天才).When he was just 11, Kunz started writing soft-ware programs, and by 14 he had worked out his own computer game.As a high school first-yearstudent in Houston, Texas, he won first prize in a science fair for a program he wrote.In his thirdyear, he took top prize in an international science and engineering fair for designing a program toanalyze and sort DNA patterns.

Kunz went to attend Carnegie Mellon, one of the nation' s highest-ranked universities in computer science.After college he got a job with Oracle in Silicon Valley, writing software used bycompanies around the world.

Three years later, Kunz is in his first year at Harvard Business School.He left software engineering partly because he earned much less than his friends who were going into law or business.

He also worried about job security(保障), especially as more companies move their programmingoutside the country to lower costs.

56.What does the first paragraph mainly tell us?

A.Kunz won several top prizes.

B.Kunz liked taking part in fairs.

C.Kunz designed several programs.

D.Kunz had a gift for programming.

57.What did Kunz study in Carnegie Mellon?

A.Business.

B.Engineering.

C.International law.

D.Computer science.

58.Why did Kunz decide to go to Harvard Business School?

A.to get a secured and better paid job.

B.to improve his working conditions.

C.to start a business with his friends.

D.to go outside the country to work.

原文翻译及答案解析

威廉·库兹是一个计算机天才。当他只有11岁的时候，库兹就开始编写软件程序，到l4岁的时候他已经开发出了自己的电脑游戏。作为德克萨斯州休斯敦的一位高中一年级学生，他编的程序在一次科学展览会中获得了一等奖。高三时，在一次国际科学和工程学展览会中他因为设计出能够分析和分类DNA模式的程序而获得最高奖。库兹上了卡内基梅隆大学，这是全美计算机科学领域最好的大学之一。大学毕业后，他在硅谷的Oracle工作，编写一些全世界许多公司都使用的软件。

三年后，库兹在哈佛商学院就读一年级。他离开软件工程领域一部分原因是他所赚的钱比他那些从事法律和商业的朋友们少得多。他也很担心工作保障，尤其是当更多的公司为了降低费用而把他们的编程公司搬往美国以外的地方时。

56.D【精析】细节题。题干意为“第一段主要告诉我们什么?”本文第一段列举的各个例子都想告诉我们，库兹在编程方面很有天赋。故D正确。

52.D【精析】细节题。题干意为“库兹在卡内基梅隆大学学的是什么?”从本文的第二段的第一句“…one of the nation’s highestranked universities in computer seienee.”可知，他学的是计算机科学，故D正确。

58.A【精析】细节题。题干意为“库兹为什么决定上哈佛商学院?”本文的最后一段告诉我们他后来去读哈佛商学院是因为他所赚的钱比他那些从事法律和商业的朋友们少得多。他也很担心工作保障，尤其是当更多的.公司为了降低费用而把他们的公司搬往美国。

Text 2

Can you imagine life without French fries(炸薯条) ? Potatoes are very popular today.But inthe past this was not true.Potatoes grew in south America five thousand years' ago.But they onlybecame popular in other places two hundred years ago.

In the 1500s, the spanish took the potato from south America to Europe.But the people inEurope did not like this strange vegetable.some people thought that if you ate potatoes your skinwould look like the skin of a potato.Other people could not believe that you ate the undergroundpart of the plant.so they ate the leaves instead.This made them sick because there is poison (毒性) in the leaves.

In the 1800s, people in other parts of the world started to eat potatoes.In Ireland, potatoes became the main food.Then, in 1845, a disease killed all the potatoes in Ireland.Two million people died of hunger.

Today, each country has its own potato dish.The German people eat potato salad, and theUnited States has the baked potato.And, of course, the French invented French fries, which arenow popular all over the world.

59.When did potatoes get well-known outside south America?

A.About 200 years ago.

B.About 300 years ago.

C.About 400 years ago.

D.About 500 years ago.

60.Why did some Europeans refuse to eat potatoes at first?

A.They did not trust the Spanish people then.

B.They were afraid of the poison in potatoes.

C.They were afraid it would cause skin problem.

D.They had never eaten food from abroad before.

61.Why did two million people died in Ireland in 18457

A.They had nothing to eat.

B.They ate the bad potatoes.

C.They ate the potato leaves.

D.They got a terrible disease.

62.What do we know from the last paragraph?

A.Baked potatoes are popular now.

B.People cook potatoes differently.

C.Potatoes are expensive nowadays.

D.The French eat potato dishes most.

原文翻译及答案解析

你能想象没有炸薯条的生活吗?当今薯条很受欢迎。但是过去并非如此。五千年前土豆生长在南美。但是直到两百年前土豆才在别的地方流行起来。

十六世纪，西班牙人把土豆从南美带到了欧洲。但是欧洲人们并不喜欢这种奇怪的蔬菜。一些人认为如果你吃土豆，你的皮肤会看起来像土豆。另一些人无法相信植物长在地下的那一部分也可以吃。因此他们吃土豆的叶子。因为土豆叶子有毒，所以他们都病倒了。十九世纪，世界其他地方的人开始吃土豆。在爱尔兰，土豆成了人们的主食。然后，在1845年，一种疾病杀死了爱尔兰所有的土豆。这使得两百万人死于饥饿。

当今，在每个国家都有土豆做成的菜肴。德国人吃土豆沙拉，美国人吃烤土豆。当然法国人发明了薯条，而现在薯条在全世界都很受欢迎。

59.A【精析】细节题。题干意为“土豆是什么时候开始在南美以外的地方流行的?”从本文第一段的最后一句“But they only became popular in other places two hundred years ago.”可知，直到两百年前土豆才在别的地方流行起来，故A正确。

60.C【精析】细节题。题干意为“为什么某些欧洲人最初拒绝吃土豆?”从文章第二段第三句“some people thought that if you ate pota—toes your skin would look like tlle skin of a potato.”可知，一些人认为如果你吃土豆，你的皮肤会看起来像土豆，故C正确。

61.A【精析】细节题。题干意为“在1845年，爱尔兰为什么会有两百万人死去?”从文章第三段第三、四句“Then，in l845，a disease killedall tlle potmoes in Ireland.Two million people died of hunger.”可知，1845年，一场疾病杀死了爱尔兰所有的土豆，这使得两百万人死于饥饿，故A正确。

62.B【精析】推理题。题干意为“从最后一段，我们可以得出什么?”由最后一段可知，土豆在各个国家都是一道菜，但是做法不同，故B正确。

Text 3

There are a growing number of pet owners who feed pets on raw, which means, "uncooked"

meat and bones.William Burk, a pet food specialist from the Food and Drug Administration(FDA), believes that feeding raw meat to pets is against its goal of protecting the public fromhealth dangers; besides, raw meat and bones do not have all the required nutrition (营养) that a petneeds every day.

Recognizing how popular these foods are, the FDA has provided guidelines for procers ofpet foods that contain uncooked meat for dogs, cats, and other pets.The guidelines give rules toprotect pet owners and pets from dangers about food safety and lack of nutrition.

Pet owners who feed raw meat and bones should deal with these procts very carefully toprotect themselves against possible dangers, says Burk.Just as when preparing foods for humans,use hot water and soap to wash hands, containers, and surfaces that come into contact(接触) withthe food.Don' t put your hands near your mouth until you' ve washed them, and don' t allow yourpet to touch your face right after it has eaten meat.

If owners choose to feed bones to their pets, they should watch their pet carefully when it iseating bones.Burk also says, "If the pet eats a big piece of bone that won' t pass through the digestive system(消化系统), it could kill the pet."

63.What does William Burk think of feeding pets on raw?

A.It'll make the pet owners sick.

B.It' 11 cause the death of other pets.

C.It' s against the policy of the FDA.

D.It' s dangerous and lack of nutrition.

64.Wiry did the FDA provide guidelines for procers of pet foods with raw meat?

A.The quality of pet foods has dropped.

B.Most pets have been lack of nutrition.

C.Pet safety has become a serious problem.

D.Feeding pets on raw has become popular.

65.Those who feed pets on raw should do all the necessary cleaning when

A.preparing raw meat for pets

B.preparing foods for humans

C.touching the food containers

D.bringing your pets for a walk

66.What advice is given to pet owners in the last paragraph? A.Pets should be kept away from raw meat.

B.Pets should be watched when eating bones.

C.Pets should be fed with small pieces of bone.

D.Pets should be checked on the digestive system.

原文翻译及答案解析

有越来越多的宠物主人用未加工的，也就是未煮过的肉和骨头来喂他们的宠物。威廉·伯克，一位来自美国食品与药品管理局的宠物食品专家，认为用未经加工的肉喂宠物违背了保护公众防止其受到健康威胁的目标。此外，未经加工的肉和骨头不能提供宠物每天所需的所有营养物质。

知道这些食物有多么受欢迎之后，美国食品与药品管理局为宠物食品的生产商们提供了指导方针，这些食品包括狗、猫和其他宠物吃的未经加工的肉。这些指导方针列出了一些规则来保护宠物主人和宠物以免遭受有关食品安全和缺乏营养的危险。

伯克说，喂未经加工的肉和骨头的宠物主人应该非常小心地处理这些食品以保护自己免遭可能的危险。正如为人类做饭一样，要用热水和肥皂去洗手、洗容器，并洗一些可能与食物有接触的表面。洗手之前不要把手放在嘴边，在宠物刚刚吃过肉之后不要让宠物碰到你的脸。如果主人选择喂宠物骨头，那么在宠物吃骨头时，一定要在旁边看着。伯克还说，“如果宠物吃一大块不能通过它的消化系统的骨头的话，那会要了它的命。”

63.D【精析】推理题。题干意为“威廉·伯克如何看待喂宠物未煮熟的东西这件事?”由本文第一段可知，伯克认为用未经加工的肉喂宠物有违保护公众防止遭到健康威胁的目标。此外，未经加工的肉和骨头不能提供给宠物们所有它们所需要的营养物质，故D正确。

64.D【精柝】推理题。题干意为“为什么美国食品与药品管理局为宠物食品的生产商提供指导方针?”由本文第二段可知，知道这些食物有多么受欢迎之后，美国食品与药品管理局为宠物食品的生产商们提供指导方针，这些食品包括狗、猫和其他宠物吃的未经加工的肉。这些指导方针列出了一些规则保护宠物主人和宠物以免遭受有关食品安全和缺乏营养的危险，故D正确。

65.A【精析】推理题。题干意为“那些喂宠物吃没有经过加工的食物的主人们需要在什么时候做些必要的清理?”由本文第三段可知，喂未经加工的肉和骨头的宠物主人应该非常小心地处理这些食品以保护自己免遭可能的危险。正如为人类做饭一样，要用热水和肥皂去洗手、洗容器，并洗一些可能与食物有接触的表面。洗手之前不要把手放在嘴边，在宠物刚刚吃过肉之后不要让宠物碰到你的脸，故A正确。

66.B【精析】细节题。题干意为“最后一段作者给宠物主人什么建议?”根据文章最后一段第一句“…they should watch their pet carefully when it is eating bones.”可知，在宠物吃骨头时，主人一定要在旁边看着，故B正确。

Text 4

There are some objects in the sky that move so quickly that sometimes you only see them outof the comer of your eye.These are some of the huge number of bits of rock and st that are floating around in space, called meteoroids.Normally, we cannot see them at all, but if they travel tooclose to the Earth, they get caught by the pull of the Earth, and begin to fall towards us.They fallfaster and faster, until they hit our atmosphere (大气层), by which time they are going so fast thatthey begin to bum up, and all that you see is a flash of light that moves very quickly across the skyand disappears.These shooting stars, or meteors as they are properly called, are quite common,and sometimes you may see several in a night.

Most meteoroids are very small bits indeed, and they bum up long before they get to theEarth.However, a very few do manage to get all the way through the atmosphere, and actually fallto the ground.usually they do not do much damage, although this is not always the case.

Meteoroids that actually manage to reach the Earth are called meteorites.Most countries haveplaces where meteorites have struck the Earth.some of these places are very large indeed and aretourist attractions.

67.Why do some objects from outer space fall to the ground?

A.They are too big.

B.They are hit by huge rocks.

C.They move too fast.

D.They are pulled by the Earth.

68.What do we know about meteors from the text?

A.They become a star in the sky.

B.They are too small to be seen.

C.They disappear very quickly.

D.They do damage to the Earth.

69.What happens to most meteoroids coming into the atmosphere?

A.They bum up.

B.They fall to earth.

C.They explode.

D.The float in the air.

70.The word "meteorites"( Line 1, Para.3)refers to pieces of rock that

A.move fast in outer space

B .have been found at a tourist centre

C.flash through space at a high speed

D.have fallen onto the Earth from space

原文翻译及答案解析

天空中许多物体移动速度如此之快,以至于有时它们在你眼前转瞬即逝.它们是漂浮在空中被称为流星体的许多巨大的岩石和灰尘的碎片.通常我们根本看不见它们,但是如果它们太靠近地球,就会被地球引力吸住,开始向我们掉落.它们下降的速度越来越快,直到它们穿过大气层,那时它们的速度如此之快以至于它们开始燃烧,你所能看到的只是一道光划过天空,然后消失不见.这些疾驰的星星,或称流星(他们恰当的称谓),是十分常见的.有时候一晚上就可以看见好几个.

事实上大多数流星体都非常小,在它们到达地球之前就已经燃烧了很久.然而只有很少的能够一路穿过大气层,真正地掉落到地面.通常它们不会造成什么伤害,虽然也有例外.

真的到达地面的流星被称为陨石.大多数国家都有一些地方有陨石掉落.事实上某些地方的陨石如此之大,已经成了旅游景点.

67.D【精析】细节题.题干意为“为什么外太空的一些物体会掉落到地面?”根据文章第一段第三句“Normally,we cannot see them at a11.but if they travel too close to the Earth.they get caught by the pull of the Earth,and begin to fall towards US.”可知,作者认为通常我们根本看不见它们,但是如果它们太靠近地球,它们就会被地球引力吸住,开始向我们掉落,故D正确.

68.C【精析】细节题.题干意为“从文中我们对流星有哪些了解?”从文章第一段第四句话可知,那时它们的速度如此之快以至于它们开始燃烧,你所能看到的只是一道光划过天空,然后消失不见.由此推出,流星消失得非常快,故C正确.

69.A【精析】推理题.题干意为“大部分流星在穿过大气层时会发生什么?”由文章第一段可知,那时它们的速度如此之快以至于它们开始燃烧,你所能看到的只是一道光划过天空,然后消失不见.由此推出,流星穿过大气层时会燃烧,故A正确.

70.D【精析】细节题.题干意为“‘meteorites’(第三段第一行)是指那些__________的石头碎片.”根据本文第三段第一句话“Meteoroids that actually manage to reach the Earth are called meteorites.”可知,真的到达地面的流星被称为陨石,故D正确.

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⑹ 《义务教育英语课程标准》（2022版）Day4

（文  刘俊芳）

Many a little makes a mickle.积少成多，积沙成塔。

阅读内容：P22-P34

【导读问题】

️一、请大家认真阅读并学习语言知识中的语篇知识、语用知识两个方面的概念以及表格中的具体要求。

        语篇知识是有关语篇如何构成，如何表达意义以及人们如何使用语篇达到交际目的的知识。

        语用知识指在特定语境中准确理解他人和得体表达自己的知识。

二、语言技能分为哪两个方面的技能？请大家重点关注一级，一级+，二级及二级+的具体要求。

      语言技能分理解性技能（听、读、看）和表达性技能（说、写）。

      （ 在理解性技能方面，我发现：一级、一级+的内容要求中有这样两条“课外试听活动每周不少于30分钟。”“课外阅读量累计达到1500～2000词。” 二级、二级+的课外阅读量则高达“4000～5000词”。这样的课外试听训练和阅读训练我们的学生目前根本无法做到。在没有专门的课外阅读书籍的情况下，作为教师，我们怎么引导学生多听多读？

        一、我们的“学习与巩固”上、报纸上有一些听力板块和阅读板块，除了作为课堂训练素材外，也可以作为课外试听、阅读的材料。二、尽可能地为学生推荐一些适合他们的英文绘本、英文动画电影等，供学生有选择性地学习。同时，定期举办观影、阅读交流活动，促进更多有条件、有能力又有兴趣的学生参与进来。）

      （ 作为小学生家长，我们又怎样帮助孩子加强英语课外阅读训搏中练呢？首先我们应为孩子挑选购买适合的英语绘本，在孩子学习之余，尤其是在星期天、节假日、寒暑假，陪伴孩子阅读或亲子阅读，培养孩子的阅读兴趣。有了阅读的兴趣，孩子就会愿意主动阅读。当然，最开始应以兴趣培养为主，少约束，少关注生词。有些词汇大量反复出现，孩子就会在图画的帮助下理解或有积极的意愿去学习。等孩子有了一定的英语阅读能力和水平，我们就可以循序渐进地提高阅读的难度和深度。

      我的孩子现在上三年级，目基清山前，我为她准备的英文绘本主要是外研社的正埋丽声北极星分级绘本，与现行人教版教材配套，难度不高。家里也有适合初中生阅读的书虫系列书籍。相信她将来可以用得上。）

三、学习策略主要包括哪几个方面？每一种学习策略的侧重点又都是什么？每一级在各个策略方面的侧重点有所不同，请大家在阅读表格当中的重点关注。同时，注重策略间的关联性和递进性。

      学习策略包括元认知策略、认知策略、交际策略和情感策略。

      元认知策略有助于学生计划、监控、评价、反思和调整学习过程，提升自主学习能力。

      认知策略有助于学生采用适宜的学习方式、方法和技术加工语言信息，提高学习效率。

      交际策略有助于学生发起、维持交际，提高交际效果。

      情感策略有助于学生调控学习情绪，保持积极的学习态度。