考研英语历年经典阅读

A. 2010考研英语阅读理解精读200篇的目录

第一部分 基础80篇
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第二部分 模拟60篇
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第三部分 冲刺40篇
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第四部分 新题型20篇
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B. 历年考研英语真题与答案(完美打印)

2021年考研英语（电子书）（独家提供）

链接：https://pan..com/s/1enDwqLLExCZ9Bp4iYZaDxg

若资源有问题欢迎追问~

C. 2007考研英语时文阅读(5)

印度向外资有限开放零售市场

India sets out its stall for global retailers

锐步(Reebok)、诺基亚(Nokia)、路易威登(Louis Vuitton)和古姿(Gucci)等全球品牌，将首姿尘次得以在印度拥有并经营自己的店铺，因为共产党支持的印度政府昨晚批准放宽外国直接投资法规。

Global brands such as Reebok, Nokia, Louis Vuitton and Gucci will for the first time be able to own and operate their own stores in India after the country’s communist-backed government last night approved a liberalisation of foreign direct investment rules.

印度政府同意外资在单一品牌零售企业中占据51%的股权，这是一揽子措施中最为引人注目的一点。这些措施旨在表明，印度政府决心启动停滞的经济改革计划。

Consent to permit 51 per cent foreign investment in single brand retail operations was the most striking among a package of measures aimed at signalling the Indian government’s determination to kick-start a stalled programme of economic reforms.

然而，此次政策的有限放松，并没有将印度的零售业全面开放。全球大的一些零售集团一直在私下要求这种全面开放。包括沃尔玛(Wal-Mart)和特易购(Tesco)在内的公司大力游说，试图获准进入印度市场。目前，印度市场上占据支配地位的是900万家“夫妻老婆”店。

However, the limited relaxation fell short of the wholesale opening of India’s retail sector that has been privately demanded by the world's most powerful retail groups. Companies including Wal-Mart and Tesco lobbied hard to be allowed into a market dominated by 9m “mom and pop” corner stores.

尽管如此，在达沃斯世界经济论坛前夕，昨晚的一揽子改革措施将被视为一种强有力的推动。在该论坛上，一个庞大的印度代表团将大力推介印度经济。这个代表团的成员包括印度私企信迹指禅心工业(Reliance Instries)的董事长穆克什·安巴尼(Mukesh Ambani)，以及印度第二大高科技公司信息系统公司(Infosys)的逗轿首席执行官南丹·尼勒卡尼(Nandan Nilekani)。

Last night's package of reforms will nonetheless be seen as a notable boost on the eve of the World Economic Forum at Davos, where a large Indian delegation, including Mukesh Ambani, chairman of Reliance Instries, India’s largest private sector company, and Nandan Nilekani, head of Infosys, the country's second biggest technology company, will be cheerleading for the Indian economy.

“这是15年来外国直接投资首次得到通盘考虑，以消除反常与前后不一致的情况，”印度工商部长卡迈勒·纳特(Kamal Nath)对《金融时报》表示。“各公司将被允许在单一品牌下，出售在世界各地销售的商品。拥有多个品牌的零售商将不会被允许这么做，即便这些品牌商品是同一家公司生产的，”他补充说。

“This is the first time in 15 years that FDI has been reviewed in an integrated manner to remove anomalies and inconsistencies,” Kamal Nath, India's commerce minister, told the Financial Times. “Companies will be allowed to sell goods sold internationally under a single brand. Retailers of multiple brands, even if they are made by the same company, will not be allowed,” he added.

迄今为止，在印度市场，海外零售商只有与本土伙伴进行合作，通过专卖安排才能经营，这与中国形成了对比。中国已向外国投资者开放零售业。【您现在阅读的文章来自“中国学习考试网”，请记住我们的永久域名：www.stu88.com 】

International retailers have until now been able to operate in India only through franchise arrangements with local partners, in contrast to China, which has thrown open its high streets to foreign investors.

目前，印度商务部还未清楚说明，它将如何实施上述谨慎的新政策。尽管印度产业机构进行了许多努力，以维持零售业在尽可能长的时间里不对外国竞争开放，但政府还是出台了这些新政策。

India’s commerce ministry has yet to spell out how it will apply the cautious new policy, which has emerged despite an intense campaign by Indian instrial houses to keep the retail sector closed to foreign competition for as long as possible.

2006年1月26日 星期四

知名企业拟推“红色”品牌 帮助抗击艾滋

Bono sees Red as way to fight Aids scourge

美国运通(American Express)、匡威(Converse)、Gap和乔治·阿玛尼(Giorgio Armani)公司正与摇滚歌星波诺(Bono)联手，创立一个名为“红色”的新品牌，并推出一系列“红色”商品，其部分营收将用于帮助非洲抗击艾滋病。

American Express, Converse, Gap and Giorgio Armani are joining Bono, the rock star, to sell procts under a new brand – “Red” – that would dedicate some of its revenues to the fight against Aids in Africa.

其中，美国运通将推出一种“美国运通红色”(Amex Red)信用卡 ，首发地选在英国。这种信用卡的发行对象是预估数量达150万的“良知消费者”(conscience consumers)，这些人被视为最有可能购买与社会公益相关的产品。

The effort will include the creation of an Amex Red credit card that will be marketed first in the UK, aimed at an estimated 1.5m “conscience consumers” who are seen as more likely to buy procts that are associated with a social benefit.

其它将于今年春季上市的“红色”品牌产品，包括由非洲泥布制作的匡威运动鞋，一系列包括红色和其它颜色的经典风格新款Gap T恤衫，以及带有“红色”压纹标识的面罩型Emporio Armani太阳镜。

Other Red procts to be sold this spring will include Converse sports shoes made with African mud-cloth, a new line of Gap vintage-style T-shirts – in red and other colours – and wraparound Emporio Armani sun glasses embossed with a Red logo.

“红色”品牌的拥有者波诺表示：“‘红色’是一个21世纪的创意。我认为，从事‘红色’事业，做善事，将成为企业的优质业务。”

Bono, the owner of the brand, said: “Red is a 21st century idea. I think doing the Red thing, doing good, will turn out to be good business for them.”

有关各方计划今日在瑞士达沃斯世界经济论坛(World Economic Forum)上公布“红色”项目。此举是那些担心电视广告正在失效的大公司发起的一系列激进营销实验中最新的举措。

The venture, scheled to be announced today at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, is the latest in a series of radical marketing experiments by big companies worried that television advertising is losing its punch.

这些大公司采取这些措施，例如宝洁公司(Procter & Gamble)推出Pampers.com信息网站，很多是利用公益事业来吸引顾客关注，这就是一些人所称的“企业社会机遇”(corporate social opportunity)。

Many of these efforts, such as Procter & Gamble’s Pampers.com information web site, are based on the idea of using good works or services to gain consumer attention – a notion some people are calling “corporate social opportunity”.

“红色”项目的部分收入将捐给全球基金(Global Fund)。后者作为一家政府、民间社会、私营部门和相关社区的合作联盟，自2002年创建起，已向艾滋病、肺结核和疟疾项目提供了45亿美元的资金。“红色”项目的捐赠，将主要针对为妇女和儿童服务的抗艾滋病项目。

The money from Red will go to the Global Fund, a public-private partnership that has committed $4.5bn for Aids, tuberculosis and malaria programmes since it was creating in 2002. The focus of the Red donations will be on Aids programmes for women and children.

美国运通已同意捐出“红色”信用卡交易额的1%。此外，对于年消费额超过5000英镑的帐户，美国运通还将捐出超额部分的1.25%。

Amex has agreed to contribute 1 per cent of Red card transactions, plus 1.25 per cent of any spending above ￡5,000 a year.

以“红色”为品牌，是因为这种颜色代表紧急情况。波诺有一句的歌词：艾滋病不是事业、而是危机。

Red was picked as the brand name because it is the colour of emergencies, echoing Bono’s well-known refrain that Aids is not a cause, but an emergency.

2006年1月27日 星期五

美国拟改革针对外资的审查程序

US plans reform of scrutiny panel to reassure investors

美国政府将在全球范围发起一轮宣传攻势，说服外国投资者相信：美国一直致力于“开放的投资政策”。而仅在数月前，由于美国国会的巨大政治压力，中国石油公司中海油(CNOOC)被迫放弃了对美国能源集团优尼科(Unocal)接近200亿美元的竞购。优尼科总部位于加利福尼亚州。

The US administration is launching an international campaign to persuade foreign investors that it is committed to an “open investment policy”, just months after intense political pressure in Congress forced CNOOC, the Chinese oil company, to abandon its multi-billion dollar bid for California-based Unocal.

美国财政部副部长罗伯特·金米特(Robert Kimmitt)在今日的《金融时报》上撰文称，政府将对美国外国投资委员会(CFIUS)进行改革。这是一个由美国财政部领导的跨部门小组，行事隐秘。它以国家安全为宗旨，对外国收购美国资产的交易进行审核。改革的目的是提高审查过程的确定性和透明度。

Robert Kimmitt, the deputy Treasury secretary, writes in today’s FT that the administration will implement reforms to the Committee on Foreign Investments in the US, the secretive inter-agency panel chaired by the Treasury department that vets foreign takeovers of assets on national security grounds. The reforms are aimed at bringing greater certainty and transparency to the process.

金米特今天还将在达沃斯召开的世界经济论坛(World Economic Forum)上，就这一问题发表讲话。

Mr Kimmitt will also speak on the issue today at the World Economic Forum in Davos.

尽管美国国会压力是迫使中海油放弃竞购优尼科的主要原因，但此次华盛顿的反华风暴，引发了对于美国外国投资委员会角色的新疑问。该委员会有权阻止其认为可能危及国家安全的外国收购。

Although pressure from Congress was largely responsible for forcing CNOOC to withdraw its bid for Unocal, the anti-China storm in Washington prompted new questions about the role of CFIUS, which has the power to block foreign takeovers deemed a risk to US security.

担心中海油的竞标可能招致美国外国投资委员会的审查，是优尼科决定接受美国石油公司雪佛龙(Chevron)出价的重要原因。

Fears that the CNOOC bid would be tied up in the CFIUS review were a significant factor in Unocal’s decision to accept a competing offer from Chevron, the US oil company.

一位美国财政部高级官员表示，行政方面的改革包括：指派更多资深政策人士监督美国外国投资委员会的审核，增强国会对审核过程的了解程度，并要求相关企业在过程早期，与美国外国投资委员会就拟议中的交易进行非正式接触，以便尽早就潜在问题展开讨论。

A senior Treasury official said the administrative changes involve dedicating more senior policy staff to oversee CFIUS reviews, enhancing transparency to Congress about the process, and asking companies to approach CFIUS informally with their proposed deals earlier in the process in order to begin talks about potential issues as soon as possible.

但这些举措似乎无法限制美国外国投资委员会在审查外国收购方面所拥有的广泛权力，而且在某些方面还有可能扩大这种权利。

But the moves do not appear to curb the broad powers that CFIUS has to review foreign takeovers, and may expand them in some ways.

例如，这位官员表示，美国对涉及外国政府补贴贷款的外国交易进行额外审核是合理的。在优尼科之争中，雪佛龙就提出了这个问题，称中海油存在不公平的竞争优势，因为该公司能够获得国家提供的资金。

The official said, for instance, that it was legitimate for the US to subject foreign deals that involve subsidised loans by a foreign state to extra scrutiny. Chevron raised the issue ring the Unocal debate, saying that the CNOOC approach had an unfair advantage because of its access to state financing.

D. 新编考研英语阅读理解150篇的目录

UniT 1
TexT 1 英国铁路现状
TexT 2 艺术批评家的品质
TexT 3 有意识的梦境
TexT 4 膳食指南金字塔
UniT 2
TexT 1 新闻如何吸引读者
TexT 2 电信业的变革
TexT 3 教师资格认证新方法
TexT 4 食物里程和环境保护
UniT 3
TexT 1 基因检测用于案件侦破
TexT 2 企业绿色外衣现象
TexT 3 美国拟解除飞机上的手机禁令
TexT 4 进阶数学的复兴
UniT 4
TexT 1 鸟的预警信号
TexT 2 美国现行校历已经过时
TexT 3 索尼公司的管理
TexT 4 贫富与健康
UniT 5
TexT 1 手机引起爆炸的传说
TexT 2 社交网站的商务用途
TexT 3 女性较少出现在游戏领域
TexT 4 美国小学的绿色教育UniT 6
TexT 1 经济行为是进化的结果
TexT 2 开放存取科学出版的兴起
TexT 3 搭便车文化行将消失
TexT 4 中产阶级消费新趋势
UniT 7
TexT 1 美国专利制度的弊端
TexT 2 美国子女的回巢现象
TexT 3 性格的可变性及影响因素
TexT 4 编辑应学会接受困惑
UniT 8
TexT 1 老年人消费群体中大有商机
TexT 2 医疗服务信息利弊
TexT 3 生态恐怖主义
TexT 4 英国的教育制度改革
UniT 9
TexT 1 鸡蛋中培养流感疫苗
TexT 2 加拿大的劣质服务
TexT 3 视频游戏不应遭禁
TexT 4 美国大学进入资本市场
UniT 10
TexT 1 开源软件的发展和挑战
TexT 2 广告业是经济晴雨表
TexT 3 预防原则的合理运用
TexT 4 如何管理知识工人
UniT 11
TexT 1 报纸走向低俗的原因
TexT 2 学业间断期
TexT 3 英国拟推出全新身份证
TexT 4 资本主义无需为幸福负责
UniT 12
TexT 1 美国名校成特权堡垒
TexT 2 生活方式管理的利弊
TexT 3 “无纸化”办公
TexT 4 道德准则的进化
UniT 13
TexT 1 青少年积分卡制度的缺点
TexT 2 新闻通讯社经营模式改变
TexT 3 隔离产生新物种
TexT 4 赔偿文化
UniT 14
TexT 1 飞机上的碳排放
TexT 2 美国的社会保障私有化
TexT 3 英国大学扩招
TexT 4 全球化影响工人收入份额
UniT 15
TexT 1 平等社会中女性的绝对优势增强
TexT 2 美国广播公司开拓网络业务
TexT 3 饮食性疾患
TexT 4 “基因组大战”的结束
UniT 16
TexT 1 英国人为何缺乏工作积极性
TexT 2 转基因作物不被接受
TexT 3 报纸的社会责任
TexT 4 数据安全问题亟待解决
UniT 17
TexT 1 美国福利改革取得成功
TexT 2 经济鞭策手段是备用的制裁手段
TexT 3 在线医疗遭到质疑
TexT 4 未来电脑智能化发展的预测
UniT 18
TexT 1 未来网络——语义万维网
TexT 2 理工科人才的需求现状
TexT 3 美国经济形势与债券市场现状
TexT 4 美国教师绩效付酬制度
UniT 19
TexT 1 经济危机故事的自我应验
TexT 2 传媒利润与公众利益
TexT 3 阿拉斯加湖扩张之谜
TexT 4 对比欧美的社会流动性
UniT 20
TexT 1 气候变化影响农业
TexT 2 解决器官捐赠短缺问题的方案
TexT 3 英国道路收费系统
TexT 4 人才短缺现象
UniT 21
TexT 1 食物影响情绪和思维
TexT 2 “黑天鹅”事件
TexT 3 美国的养老金制度
TexT 4 质疑美国的国家课程计划
UniT 22
TexT 1 悲伤有益
TexT 2 科学研究与公共安全
TexT 3 报纸的前途
TexT 4 对待维多利亚人的正确态度

E. 求，历年考研英语一真题阅读mp3音频发，给百度网盘地址，或其他方式也可以，谢谢

家里网速不给力明早去公司给你发2001—2010考研英语真题全文朗读MP3压缩后有310兆用 邮箱重新发了一遍给你注意查收记得先转存到中转站在文件中转站里下载还可以保存30天

F. 考研英语阅读出自哪

一般源自于两个途径的：
一、文章来源
考研英语阅读理解A部分的四篇文章一般都是来自英美国家一些享有较高声誉的权威报刊杂志，如Newsweek（《新闻周刊》）, Now York Times（《纽约时报》）, U.S. News and World Report（《美国新闻与世界报道》）, The Economist（《经济学家》）, Times（《时代周刊》）等等。
文章内容既包罗万象又具有相当的时效性，大多涉及当年的热门话题，包括了社会科学、自然科学、人文科学等各个领域。其中，社会科学领域的题材囊括了经济、心理、教育、传播、家庭、人口、交通、环境、能源、法律、体育等各个方面，自然科学则包括了医学、生物、大气、地质、海洋、遗传、空间、信息、工程、农业等，而人文科学包括了语言学、哲学、文化、历史、艺术、文学评论、散文等。
从体裁上看，大纲要求考生能够顺利读懂四类文章，分别为议论文、说明文、记叙文和应用文。不过，考研阅读理解的文章大多为说明文或者议论文。正对这两类文章，考生应该有不同的阅读重点和策略。对于说明文来说，最重要的是抓住文章的说明对象、事实和数据；对于议论文来说，最重要的是总结作者的观点和结论、抓住作者的态度，以及作者的观点和态度与其他人的观点和态度之间的关系等等。由历年真题可见，社会科学是考研英语阅读的主要和重点选材，自然科学一直保持在1篇文章左右的分量，人文科学的重要性则有上升的趋势。
考生在准备考研的过程中，应该充分重视上述的一些英美报纸杂志，平时要多看这些刊物，尤其是其中的议论、评论、报道和分析文章等。现在在国内买到英美国家原版报刊杂志的过刊还是比较容易的。如果考生想掌握最新文章，可以登陆这些刊物的官方网站去阅读，通常这些文章都是免费的，但有的需要交费订阅才可以，考生可以灵活把握。笔者在这里主要推荐The Economist（《经济学家》）的网站，不仅因为The Economist是考研选材的重点刊物之一，同时，考生在上面可以免费阅读近一两年的印刷版文章，非常方便实用。如果考生有着广泛阅读的兴趣和习惯，能紧跟时代步伐、了解全球的重大事件、信息和资讯，就能够为考研阅读准备丰富厚实的背景材料，因而在阅读时可以充分利用自己的相关知识来帮助理解原文。考生应特别重视加强对于美国文化背景知识的了解，因为美国报纸杂志以及关于美国的报道是近几年考研阅读文章选材的重点。
二、部分英美权威报刊杂志的网站地址：
The Economist（《经济学家》）：www.economist.com
Newsweek（《新闻周刊》）：www.newsweek.com,id
Times（《时代周刊》）：www.timesonline.co.uk,tol,news
U.S. News and World Report《美国新闻与世界报道》）：www.usnews.com
New York Times（《纽约时报》）：www.nytimes.com

G. 08年考研英语阅读理解第三篇翻译

08年考研英语阅读理解第三篇翻译：
在20世纪60年代早期，Wilt Chamberlain是美国国家篮球协会中仅有的身高超过7英尺的三个人之一。可是如果他参加了上个赛季的话，他就变成了42分之一了。这些年来在较大的职业体育运动中的运动员的身体状况发生了很大的改变，而他们的经理人也更愿意调整队员的运动服来适应队员们更大，更高的身材。
虽然体育界的这种趋势可能蒙蔽了一个没有被承认的现实：美国人基本上停止生长了。虽然现在人们比140年前高了2英寸，特别是那些出生在已移民美国很多代的那些人，但是明显的，在二十世纪60年代早期，已经到达了他们的身高的极限。他们已经不可能再长得更高了。“在这个基因和环境的条件下，现在整体的人们已经长到我们能够达到的范围了，”Wright州大学的人类学家William Cameron Chumlea说道。拿NBA球员来说，他们身高的增加主要由于从世界各地招募到了球员。
身高的增长一般在20岁以后就停止了，而发育是需要能量和营养的，其中的蛋白质用来供给组织的生长。在20世纪初，营养不良和儿童疾病妨碍了整体的发育。但是当饮食和健康的促进，儿童和青少年平均每20年都增长了大概1.5英寸，这就是长高的趋势。根据疾病防治中心，从1960年开始，人们的平均身高，男性5英尺9英寸，女性5英尺4英寸，就没有怎么改变了。
总的说来，避免太高的身高是有很多优点的。在生产时，较大的婴儿通过产道是有更多的问题的。而且，就算人类已经直立行走已经几百万年了，我们的脚和背部继续对抗着巨大的压力，这些压力来源于双足直立的姿势和巨大的肢体。“有一些限制是个体器官的基因结构导致的。”西北大学的人类学家William Leonard说道。
基因的最大化可以改变，但是不要期待它会马上就能发生。Mass州的Natick的军队研究中心的高级人类学家Claire C. Gordon确信百分之九十的入伍新兵不需要更换新的制服和工作站。她说，不像那些篮球制服，军队的制服长度很长时间都没有改变了。如果你需要在不远的将来预测人类的身高而去设计一款新的设备，Gordon说基本上，“你都能够使用现在的数据并且觉得非常地自信。”
Text 3
In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.
The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing. Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, today’s people – especially those born to families who have lived in the U.S. for many generations – apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s. And they aren’t likely to get any taller. “In the general population today, at this genetic, environmental level, we’ve pretty much gone as far as we can go,” says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright State University. In the case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.
Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients – notably, protein – to feed expanding tissues. At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way. But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height. Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height – 5′9″ for men, 5′4″ for women – hasn’t really changed since 1960.
Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height. During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal. Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. “There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the indivial organism,” says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.
Genetic maximums can change, but don’t expect this to happen soon. Claire C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass., ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration. She says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time. And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, Gordon says that by and large, “you could use today’s data and feel fairly confident.”

H. 考研英语一阅读历年难度

考研英语一阅读历年难度讲解如下：

考研英语介绍：

硕士研究生教育按照培养目标的不同，分为学术型研究生和专业学位研究生。学术型研究生的培养目标是高层次学术研究型专门人才，专业学位研究生的培养目标是具有扎实理论基础，并适应特定行业或职业实际工作需要的应用型高层次专门人才。

具有较强的解决实际问题的能力，能够承担专业技术或管理工作，具有良好的职业素养的高层次应用型专门人才。

从2010年开始，全国硕士研究生入学考试的英语试卷分为了英语（一）和英语（二）。

英语（一）即原研究生入学统考“英语”，所有学术型硕士研究生（英语专业选考其他语种）（十三大门类，110个一级学科）和部分专业型硕士（法律硕士、临床医学硕士、口腔医学硕士、建筑学硕士、护理硕士、汉语国际教育硕士、公共卫生硕士等）必考英语（一）。

英语（二）主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收不考英语（一）的专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的统考科目。

I. 考研英语阅读理解翻译全文

考研英语阅读是考研英语的关键,所以平时要多做并总结考研英语阅读技巧。下面就是我给大家整理的考研英语阅读理解翻译全文，希望对你有用!
考研英语阅读原文
Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely——though by no means uniformly——glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.

Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.

But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have enred for millions of years —— so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years. Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."

So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organizations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.

Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.

But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.

This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to rece many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.
考研英语阅读翻译
几十年前，我们对于未来的看法尽管并不一致，但总的来说颇为乐观。我们相信科学和技术将会治愈人类的一切疾病，使所有人都过上充满机会和成就感的生活。

如今，随着我们对自己所面临的一系列威胁有了更深刻的认识，比如从小行星撞击，到流感，再到气候变化，乌托邦式已经不合时宜。你甚至可能会禁不住要想：人类几乎前途渺茫。

然而，这种担忧不合时宜。化石记录表明，许多物种已经存活了数百万年之久，那么人类为何就不可以呢?从一个更宏观的视角来看一看人类在宇宙中的地位，就会清楚明白，即使人类生存不了几十万年，至少再存活几万年的机会还是很大。在国际自然保护联盟的濒危物种 "红色名录"上查阅"智人"这一条目，你会读到："由于该物种分布非常广泛，适应性强，目前数量持续上升，且不存在导致其整体数量下降的重大威胁，故被列为最无危物种"。

那么，我们的遥远未来会是什么景象呢?越来越多的研究者和组织机构正在认真思考这个问题。比如，今日不朽基金会的旗舰项目是一台机械时钟，该时钟的设计目标是能够在几千几万年后保持计时功能。

这样做或许有些一意孤行，但推想久远的未来要比思考即将发生的未来更为容易。当今技术的可能发展及它的社会影响结果非常复杂，或许最好的办法是让科幻小说家和未来学家去探索我们能想象到的种种可能。这正是我们发行《弧》的原因之一，该新刊物旨在探索不远的未来。

但是，如果采用一个更为长远的视角，我们便能对惊人数量的事情做出很有把握的预测。通常，过去掌握着通向未来的钥匙：目前，我们已经充分了解有关地球历史和人类历史的长期发展模式，这使我们能对子孙后代的生存环境做出有根据的预测。

这种长远的视角使我们对未来的悲观态度更像是一股短暂的风潮。诚然，未来绝非一片光明。不过，我们已经有足够的知识去降低许多曾经威胁前人生存的危险，以及去改善后人的命运。
考研英语阅读词语解析
dedicated['dedi.keitid]adj. 专注的，献身的，专用的

overall[əuvə'rɔ:l]adj. 全部的，全体的，一切在内的

strike[straik]n. 罢工，打击，殴打 v. 打，撞，罢工，划

adaptable[ə'dæptəbl]adj. 能适应的，适应性强的，可改编的

planet['plænit]n. 行星

immediate[i'mi:djət]adj. 立即的，即刻的，直接的，最接近的

pessimistic[.pesi'mistik]adj. 悲观的，悲观主义的

population[.pɔpju'leiʃən]n. 人口 ，(全体)居民，人数

opportunity[.ɔpə'tju:niti]n. 机会，时机

evolution[.i:və'lu:ʃən]n. 进化，发展，演变

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J. 05——07年考研英语阅读及译文

回答字数在10000字以内，所以就放了2005年希望对你有用。

2005 Passage 1

Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it all too monkey, as well.

The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food tardily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.

Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan's and Dr. de waal's; study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.

In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers) So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber .Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to rece resentment in a female capuchin.

The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions, in the wild, they are a co-operative, groupliving species, Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone, Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems form the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.

21. In the opening paragraph, the author introces his topic by
[A]. posing a contrast.
[B]. justifying an assumption.
[C]. making a comparison.
[D]. explaining a phenomenon.

22. The statement “it is all too monkey” (Last line, paragraph l) implies that
[A]. monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals.
[B]. resenting unfairness is also monkeys' nature.
[C]. monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other.
[D]. no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions.

23. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are
[A]. more inclined to weigh what they get.
[B]. attentive to researchers' instructions.
[C]. nice in both appearance and temperament.
[D]. more generous than their male companions

24. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys
[A]. prefer grapes to cucumbers.
[B]. can be taught to exchange things.
[C]. will not be co-operative if feeling cheated.
[D]. are unhappy when separated from others.

25. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
[A]. Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.
[B]. Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.
[C]. Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.
[D]. Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.

重点词汇：

assumption  （假定；承担；呈现）是assume的名词形式；见1997年Text 2。.参consumption，2002年Text 3。assumption — the mother of screw-up 臆断——把事情弄糟的根源。underlying assumption 潜在的假定。
grievance /n.委屈冤情不平。申诉人提出不满意见交付仲裁者。悲痛伤心事不幸忧伤。因为有冤情（）而满怀悲痛（）向申诉人申诉。

tardily  adv.缓慢。形容词形式拖拉的。（谐音记忆：他地，工作是他的，所以我可以拖拉）

counterpart （相似或对应的人或物）即counter+part，counter-前缀“对等”，part部分，“对等的部分”。见2000年 Passage 4 。
token  n. 表示, 向征, 记号, 代币 adj. 象征的, 表意的。Tears are queer tokens of happiness. 眼泪是快乐的一种奇怪的表示。
reluctant  （不愿的，勉强的）即re+luct+ant，re-看作“反复”，luct可看作词根lect“选择”，-ant形容词后缀，人们都不愿反反复复地作选择，所以“反复选择”→不愿的。Suggestion systems can work — don't be reluctant to use them.建议制度是有效的——不要不愿使用它们。
indignation  n. 愤慨, 义愤。 记忆：in-dig挖（坑）-nation，挖坑藏在里面的民族，能不愤慨吗？比如老萨，呵呵。形容词形式 indignant  adj. 愤怒的, 愤慨的

难句分析：
①Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.
前一分句是句子的主句，其中使用了短语regard…as…的被动形式；with加名词作状语，即“带有潜在的假定”，其中assumption后接有that引导的同位语从句解释说明假定的内容。
翻译：这种行为被看作是“人之长情”，他潜在的假定就是其他动物不可能有这种高度发达的不公平意识。
②when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.
该句子的主句是their behaviour became markedly different.前面是when引导的时间状语从句，其中包含了so that引导的目的状语从句。
翻译：当两个猴子被安置在隔开但相邻的两个房间里，能够互相看见对方用石头换回来什么东西时，猴子的行为就会变的明显不同。

试题解析：
这篇文章是讲猴子有一种天然的公平意识，文章本身难度不是太大，一开始做了一个类比，讲人的公平意识。然后根据这个类比，文章重点谈猴子们的公平意识。这篇对比性的文章两个方面要理解，第一，人类和猴子之间都有一种近似的表现，当受到不公正待遇的时候，都有义愤填膺的感觉，如果把握这个逻辑，就是类比的逻辑。第二, 最后两段关于选择的实验的对象以及实验的结果。

21题，我们应该选择C，考察第一段的写作手法，明显用的是猴和人之间的相似形的比较关系。
22题答案是B，也是在把猴子和人做类比，指出猴子与人一样都抱怨不公平
23题答案选A，这个是事实细节题，答案是根据文章第三段第一句话得到的，雌性的猴子被选择做研究，是因为她们更加注重她们获得的东西。
24题答案选择C，他们最终的发现是什么，篇章最后两段反复重复，如果没有受到公平的话，
25题选择B.这篇文章第一段和最后一段都出现一个词，"假设"为什么猴和人都有这种心理反应，这个问题没有得以解决。

全文翻译：
人人都喜欢大幅加薪，但是当你知道一个同事薪水加得比你还要多的时候，那么加薪带给你的喜悦感就消失的无影无踪了。如果他还以懒散出名的话，你甚至会变得怒不可遏。这种行为被看作是“人之长情”，其潜在的假定其他动物不可能具有如此高度发达的不公平意识。但是由佐治亚州亚特兰大埃里莫大学的Sarah Brosnan 和Frans de Waal进行的一项研究表明，它也是“猴之常情”。这项研究成果刚刚发表在《自然》杂志上。

研究者们对雌性棕色卷尾猴的行为进行了研究。它们看起来很可爱，性格温顺，合作，乐于分享食物。最重要的是，就象女人们一样，它们往往比雄性更关注“商品和服务”价值。这些特性使它们成为Brosnan 和 de Waal理想的研究对象。研究者们花了两年的时间教这些猴子用代币换取食物。正常情况下，猴子很愿意用几块石头换几片黄瓜。但是，当两个猴子被安置在隔开但相邻的两个房间里，能够互相看见对方用石头换回来什么东西时，猴子的行为就会变的明显不同。

在卷尾猴的世界里，葡萄是奢侈品（比黄瓜受欢迎得多）。所以当一只猴子用一个代币换回一颗葡萄时，第二只猴子就不愿意用自己的代币换回一片黄瓜。如果一只猴子根本无需用代币就能够得到一颗葡萄的话，那么另外一只就会将代币掷向研究人员或者扔出房间外，或者拒绝接受那片黄瓜。事实上，只要在另一房间里出现了葡萄（不管有没有猴子吃它），都足以引起雌卷尾猴的怨恨。

研究人员指出，正如人类一样，卷尾猴也受社会情感的影响。在野外，它们是相互合作的群居动物。只有当每只猴子感到自己没有受到欺骗时，这种合作才可能稳定。不公平而引起的愤怒感似乎不是人类的专利。拒绝接受较少的酬劳可以让这些情绪准确无误地传达给其它成员。但是这种公平感是在卷尾猴和人类身上各自独立演化而成，还是来自三千五百万前他们共同的祖先，这还是一个悬而未决的问题。

2005 Passage 2

Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.
There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel's report “Science never has all the answers .But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that out nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”
Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it's Ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.
Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it's obvious that a majority of the president's advisers still don't take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research-a classic case of “paralysis by analysis”.
To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won't take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures .A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private instry is a promising start Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.
26. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that
[A]. there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death.
[B]. the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant.
[C]. people had the freedom to choose their own way of life.
[D]. antismoking people were usually talking nonsense.
27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as
[A]. a protector.
[B]. a judge.
[C]. a critic.
[D]. a guide.
28. What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis” (Last line, paragraph 4)
[A]. Endless studies kill action.
[B]. Careful investigation reveals truth.
[C]. prudent planning hinders.
[D]. Extensive research helps decision-making.
29. According to the author, what should the Administration do about
[A]. Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.
[B]. Raise public awareness of conservation.
[C]. Press for further scientific research.
[D]. Take some legislative measures.
30. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because
[A]. they both suffered from the government's negligence.
[B]. a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former.
[C]. the outcome of the latter aggravates the former.
[D]. both of them have turned from bad to worse.

重点词汇：
prudent adj. 谨慎的。It's prudent to take a thick coat in cold weather when you go out. 在寒冷的天气下外出时带上件厚外套是谨慎的。名词形式prudence n. 审慎。记忆：rude 粗鲁的，无礼的，p不-rude粗鲁的-ent形容词后缀
paralysis n. 瘫痪, 麻痹。 para-侧面。参见2003年Text 2。
paraphrase  （n.v.释意）即para+phrase，para-前缀表“在旁边、辅助”，phrase即“短语；用短语表达”，故“用短语辅助表达”→释意。以para-为前缀的单词还有paragraph（文章的段、节；短评）←para+graph写；parameter（参数）←para+meter计量；parasite（寄生虫）←para+site地点。
analysis  n. 分析, 分解。记忆：an-a-lysis，后缀同上，分析成一个an,a。联想：反义词synthesis n. 综合, 合成

take the legislative initiative
take the initiative 带头,开始着手 took the initiative in trying to solve the problem.开始着手试图解决这个问题
initiative  n. 主动。 名词形式initiate vt. 开始, 发动, 传授 v. 开始, 发起
legislative  adj. 立法的, 立法机关的 n. 立法机关。参见1999 Passage 4 。legislation  （立法；法规）看作leg+is+lat(e)+ion，leg词根“法律”（参allegation宣称，2003年Text 2），is是，late迟的，-ion名词后缀，“法律是迟的”→旧法律难以适应新事物→所以要不断“立法”→“立法”之产物即“法规”。

难句解析：
①The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made.
主干部分是The latest was a panel，表语panel后接有两个定语成分：from的介词短语和含enlisted的过去分词，即“白宫召集的、来自国家科学院的专家团”，其中第二个定语成分中又包含一个不定式结构，表目的，即“为了告诉我们……而召集的（专家团）”。
翻译：最近的行动是由白宫召集了一批来自国家科学院的专家团，他们告诉我们，地球气候毫无疑问正在变暖，而这个问题主要是人为造成的。
②But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that out nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”
该句子的主干是由and连接的两个并列从句，前一分句的主干是science…provide us with…guide；后一分句的主干是it is critical，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。从句的主干是our nation and the world base…policies on…judgments，judgments后接有两个定语结构，一是that引导的定语从句，一是concerning分词结构。
翻译：但是科学确实为我们的未来提供了最好的指导，关键是我们的国家和整个的世界在做重要决策时，应该以科学能够提供的关于人类现在的行为对未来影响最好的判断作为依据。
③Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it's Ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure。
该句子的主干是voices now come from many quarters；句首Just as结构做比较状语，意为“正如…一样”；insisting 引导的分词结构做定语修饰主语voice，分词结构中含有两个并列的由that引导的宾语从句，第二个宾语从句的真实主语是不定式结构to keep…
翻译：就象吸烟问题一样，来自不同领域的声音坚持认为有关全球变暖的科学资料还不完整。
试题解析：
第二篇文章是一篇一般的时事性文章，这也是一篇类比，考完了以后很多考生说这篇文章讲抽烟，其实不是的，作者讲抽烟是想说明现在的温室效应，也是一种类比，许多人抽烟没有人去管，因为缺乏足够的证据,咱们各国政府也不管温室效应, 也是同样的原因。中心讲的是世界各个政府对温室效应的解决的态度，篇章的关键词围绕这样三个问题展开，第一个就是证据不充足。第二是科学的意义。第三是制定法律，尤其最后三段大量出现立法和法规的现象，
26题选C，
27应该选D，科学应该作为一个指导性，是答案是根据文章第2段的最后两句话。
28题是猜单词题，单词所在的句子的意思是有些人总要科学证据，结果抹杀了行动。所以选A。29答案选择D，采取某种法律措施，法律在最后的段落重复的最多。
30题作者谈的抽烟的教训对我们温室处理也是一样的，选B。
全文翻译：
还记得科学家们认为吸烟会致人死亡，而那些怀疑者们却坚持认为我们无法对此得出定论的时候吗？还记得怀疑者们坚持认为缺乏决定性的证据，科学也不确定的时候吗？还记得怀疑者们坚持认为反对吸烟的游说是为了毁掉我们的生活方式，而政府应该置身事外的时候吗？许多美国人相信了这些胡言乱语，在三十多年中，差不多有一千万烟民早早的进了坟墓。
现在出现了与吸烟类似的令人感到难过的事情。科学家们前仆后继，试图使我们意识到全球气候变暖所带来的日益严重的威胁。最近的行动是由白宫召集了一批来自国家科学院的专家团，他们告诉我们，地球气候毫无疑问正在变暖，而这个问题主要是人为造成的。明确的信息表明是我们应该立刻着手保护自己。国家科学院院长Bruce Alberts在专家团报告的前言中加上了这一重要观点：“科学解答不了所有问题。但是科学确实为我们的未来提供了最好的指导，关键是我们的国家和整个的世界在做重要决策时，应该以科学能够提供的关于人类现在的行为对未来影响最好的判断作为依据。
就象吸烟问题一样，来自不同领域的声音坚持认为有关全球变暖的科学资料还不完整。在我们证实这件事之前可以向大气中不断的排放气体。这是一个危险的游戏；到了有百分之百的证据的时候，可能就太晚了。随着风险越来越明显，并且不断增加，一个谨慎的民族现在应该准备一份保单了。
幸运的是，白宫开始关注这件事了。但是显然大多数总统顾问并没有认真看待全球气候变暖这个问题。他们没有出台行动计划，相反只是继续迫切要求进行更多的研究――这是一个经典的“分析导致麻痹案例”。
为了成为地球上有责任心的一员，我们必须积极