高考英语阅读理解猜词义
Ⅰ 英语阅读时如何推测生词词义
实践证明，根据自己的英语基础和兴趣爱好选择恰当的材料，进行大量的阅读是学好英语的有效途径。但是，阅读中不免会遇到生词或熟词生义，不可能也没有必要每个生词都去插词典，这就需要掌握猜测词义的方法和技巧了。这里总结了17种词义推测的方法或技巧，但愿能对你有所帮助。
1. 根据转折关系 ：表示转折关系的有though, but、however等。例如：
Any fool can make soap, but it takes a genius to sell it. (广东卷)
由but可知genius是与fool(蠢才)相对的，由此推测其意为“有才能的人”、“天才”。
2. 根据对比关系 ：表示对比关系的有标志词有unlike、not、while、on the other hand, in spite of、in contrast等。例如：
If you agree, say “Yes”; if you dissent, say “No”.
根据前后的对比关系，不难猜出dissent是意思与agree相反，即：“不同意”。
3. 根据同类关系 ：比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。表示比较关系的词和短语有similarly，like，just as，also等。例如：
Mr. Green loves to talk，and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
句中similarly表明loves to talk与生词loquacious之间是同类关系。由此可以推断出loquacious词义为“健谈的”。
4. 根据因果关系 ：表示因果关系的有because, so that, so/such…that…等。例如：
The flowers in the vase withered because they had no water.
由“无雨水”之因，可推知花会“枯萎、凋谢”之果。因此，wither意为“枯萎、凋谢”。
5. 根据同位关系 : 因为同位语是对前面的名词的进一步补充说明，提供更为详细的情况，所以根据同位语也可推测前面名词的意思。例如：
Yes, that is the Tai Mahal, one of the most famous buildings in the world. (全国卷)
由后面的同位语的解释我们清楚地知道Tai Mahal就是一著名的建筑物。
6. 根据并列关系 ：一般由and, or等表示并列关系。例如：
In the ancient city of Rome, we visited every mansion, battle site, theatre and other public halls.
因为mansion与“战场遗址”、“剧院”、“其它公众厅”并列，所以mansion也应该属于建筑物或场所。
7. 根据比喻关系 ：一般由as…as, like等表示。例如：
The hot-air balloon took off. It was as buoyant in the air as a rose leaf in water.
根据“就像水中的玫瑰叶”这样的比喻可知，buoyant是“飘浮的”之意。
8. 根据定义关系 ：定义句的谓语动词多为be, mean, be considered, refer to, be called, be known as等。
Sociology is the term used to describe the scientific study of human society.
根据“是用来描述人类社会的科学研究的术语”的定义，可知sociology是“社会学”之意。
9. 根据所举实例 ：一般由for example, such as, like等来表示举例。例如：
Many United Nations employees are polyglot. Ms White, for example, speaks six languages.
由所举实例,不难推出polyglot的意思是“懂多种语言的”。
10. 根据同义关系 ：根据生词所处语境中的同义或近义词的.意思来推测它的意思。
Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful.
由语境可知， detrimental与harmful同义，意为“不利的，有害的”。
11. 根据转换说法 ：插入语that is, that is to say, in other words以及namely, i.e., or等都可以用来对前面的内容进行解释，意为“也就是说、即”。
The cinema is only open to alts, i.e. people over 18.
根据people over 18可知，alt是“成年人”之意。
12. 根据标点符号 ：冒号、破折号、括号等都可表示对前文的解释或说明。例如：
New houses, large schools, modern factories, more horses and sheep — everywhere we saw signs of prosperity.
根据破折号前面的具体描述，可猜测prosperity 意为“繁荣”。
13. 根据定语从句 ：由生词后起修饰限制或起补充说明的定语从句推测其意思。例如：
Jack is now a florist, who keeps a shop for selling flowers in our district.
由后面起补充作用的非限制性定语从句可推知生词florist是“花店主”之意。
14. 根据逻辑推理 ：根据生词前后的搭配关系和上下文的意思等来推测其意思。
Although the fisherman was wearing sou’wester, the storm was so heavy that he was wet through.
因生词sou’wester是wear的宾语，应当是一种“衣”或“帽”，又由although和后面一个分句，可以推知它是指“防雨的衣”。
15. 根据单词发音 ：有的英语词汇是通过音译进入汉语词汇中的，我们可以根据其读音来理解其意思。如：aspirin(阿斯匹林), nylon(尼龙), Olympic(奥林匹克), sofa(沙发), typhoon (台风)等。
16. 根据生活常识 ：有时根据生活经验和基本常识可以推测出生词的意思。
The snake slithered through the grass.
根据有关蛇的生活习性的知识，我们可以推断出slither的词义为“爬行”。
17. 根据构词方法 ：根据前缀、后缀、合成、转换等构词法来推测生词的意思。
After just a few days on the job, I began noticing that the other fellows were overcharging pas-sengers. (广东卷)
因同学们学过charge(收费、要价)，根据前缀over-的意思“过多、过分”，可推知overcharge是“索价太高”之意。
尽管我们介绍了这么多的生词猜测方法，但是，值得一提的是，我们阅读的目的在于理解文章的意思，从中享受快乐或者获取信息。那些并不影响对整篇文章的理解的生词，我们大可不必费太多的时间去猜测它们的意思，以免影响阅读的兴致。
Ⅱ 如何做好英语阅读理解词义猜测题
猜测词义题
在阅读中我们经常会遇到许多生词。这时许多同学立即翻阅词典，查找词义。这样做不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度、影响对语篇的整体把握。事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。近年来全国统一高考中加大了对考生猜词义能力的考查，因此，掌握一定的猜词技巧，对突破高考阅读理解、提高我们的英语语言能力都有非常重要的意义。
常见的题干有：
1) Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word？
2) The word... could best be replaced by.
3) In the... paragraph, the word... means (refers to).
4) According to the passage,... probably means.
5) The author uses the word... to mean.
猜测词义时，一般可利用以下四个方面的线索：
一是针对性的解释
针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或高深的词汇等所做的通俗化的解释。这些解释提供的信息明确具体，所使用的语言通俗易懂，利用它们来猜测词义就非常简单。
1.根据定义（definition）猜测词义
如果生词有一个句子（定语从句或是同位语<同位语前常有 that="" is="" to="" in="" other="" or="" i.g.="">或是同位语从句）或段落来定义,或使用破折号，冒号，分号后的内容和引号括号中的内容加以解释和定义，那么理解这个句子或段落本身就是推断词义。定义常用的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, be called, define, represent, refer to, signify 等。
例1.Do you know what a territory is ? A territory is an area that an animal ,usually the male, claims（声称）as its own.（2005年湖北卷）
[分析]由定义可推知，这里territory指的是：动物的地盘。
例2.In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today．（2005年浙江卷）
[分析]由同位语an endangered wild cat我们很快猜出生词ocelots的义域：一种濒临灭绝野猫。
例3. Here is The Pines ,whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou ,wild boar ,and reindeer with surprising sauces . （2004年福建卷）
According to the passage ,The Pines is a .
A．place in which you can see many mobile homes
B．mountain where you can get a good view of the valley
C．town which happens to be near the Banff National Park
D．restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food
[分析]通过whose引导的定语从句，我们可以推测到：The Pines 是一家餐馆的名字，由此不难推出理解题的答案为：D。
2.根据举例猜测词义
恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索。
例4. The course gives you chances to know great power polities between nation states. It will provide more space to study particular issues such as relationship among countries in the European Union, third world debt, local and international disagreement, and the work of such international bodies as the United Nations, the European Union, NATO, and the World Bank.（2004年辽宁卷）
[分析]根据such as 后面列举的一系列例子，我们应该能推断出句中的issue 是指议题。
二是内在逻辑关系
根据内在逻辑关系推测词义是指应用语言知识分析和判断相关信息之间存在的逻辑关系，然后根据逻辑联系推断生词词义或大致义域。
1.根据对比、比较关系猜测词义
在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词的反义词猜测其词义。表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有：unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast 等。表示对比关系的句子结构：while 引导的并列句。同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。表示比较关系的词和短语主要有：similarly, like, just as, also, as well as 等。
例5.A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun.
What does the underlined word hassle (paragraph 1) probably mean? （2002年NMET）
A.a party designed by specialists B.a plan requiring careful thought
C.a situation causing difficulty or trouble D.a demand made by guests
[分析]根据对比关系，这里hassle 和 a basket of fun 是相反的意义，很容易判断理解题的答案为C。
例6.Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
该句中副词similarly表明短语loves to talk和loquacious 之间的比较关系，其意义相近。由此我们可推断出loquacious的意思是健谈的。
2.根据因果关系猜测词义
在句子或段落中，若两个事物现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推测生词词义。
例7.feel that since you are my superior , it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .
（2005年上海卷）
The word presumptuous in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to .
A．full of respect B．too confident and rude C．lacking in experience D．too shy and quiet
[分析]根据since 引导的原因状语从句的内容（既然你是我的上司），我们可以推断这里presumptuous的意思是：冒失的，放肆的意思，后半句的意思是：我告诉你怎么做会是一种放肆/冒失的行为。对应的理解题答案为：B。
例8.Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots,or young leaves.（2005年江西卷）
根据原因状语从句的内容，我们可以判断Pruning的意思是：修剪（树枝等）的意思。
3.根据说明、并列、同等同义近义、、反义等关系猜测词义
在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境所表面的关系猜测词义。
例9.William Shakespeare said. The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（纱线），good and ill together. （2005年江苏卷）
The underlined word mingled in the last paragraph most probably means .
A．simple B．mixed C．sad D．happy
[分析]句中good and ill together 更具体地说明了a mingled yarn的意义，据此我们不难推测mingled的意思是：混合的，交织的。
例10.Is it possible to beat high blood pressure without drugs ? The answer is yes, according to the researchers at Johns Hopkins and three other medical centers. （2004年湖北卷）
[分析]根据and three other medical centers 这种并列关系，我们很容易推断出：Johns Hopkins是一家医疗中心。
例11.There is no reason to insult and defame the man simply because you do not agree with him.
[分析]根据与insult侮辱的同等关系猜测defame为诋毁 ，中伤或诽谤
例12.The game Americans call soccer is known around the world as football.
[分析]运用与football的同义关系推断为足球。
例13.The house stood at the end of a quiet neat street. The little dwelling,however,looked neglected and cheerless.
[分析]运用与The house近义关系可以推断dwelling与住所有关
例14.Most women in China ---ecated and illiterated, urban and rural, the young and old-----work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers.
[分析]后面的urban and rural, the young and old之间都有反义关系，运用这个关系可以推断illiterated为未接受过教育的，即文盲
三是通过构词法
在猜测词义过程中，我们还可以依靠构词法方面的知识，从生词本身猜测词义。
1.根据前缀猜测词义
例15.Do you have any strong opinion on co-ecational or single-sex schools?
根据词根ecational （教育的），结合前缀co-（共同，一起），我们便可以猜出co-ecational的意思是：男女同校教育的意思。（2005年江西卷）
2.根据后缀猜测词义
例16. It's a quiet, comfortable hotel overlooking (俯瞰) the bay in an uncommercialized Cornish fishing village on England's most southerly point．（2005年广东卷）
后缀 -ise/ize意思是使成为；使化，结合词根commercial（商业的），不难猜出 uncommercialized 的意思是：未被商业化的。
3.根据复合词的各部分猜测词义
例17.Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well – designed tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward（别扭的）hand positions.（2005年北京卷）
Well-designed 或许是个生词，但我们分析该词的结构后，就能推测出其含义。它由well （好，优秀）和design （设计）两部分组成，合在一起便是设计精巧的意思。
例18. We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-proced by unskilled labor. Because of this, most people that craft (手艺) no longer exists. （2004年浙江卷）
根据合成词中的mass （大量的）和proce （生产），我们可以推测 mass-proce的意思是：大批量生产；规模生产的意思。
4.猜测词性变换新词含义
例19.The other teams, disappointed, were on the bus heading home. （2004年山东卷）
head本为名词，表头。由the bus和home的语境逻辑可以推断，该句head为动词，表方向，结合全句可译为开往、驶向。
例20.I had first known she was wrong, that her anxiety had clouded her judgment. （2004全国卷Ⅱ）
cloud本为名词，表云。分析语境逻辑可知，忧虑会影响一个人的判断，因此该句clouded应译为使难以。
Ⅲ 英语阅读中如何根据上下文猜测词义
猜测词义也是一种英语阅读能力。英语阅读理解试题中有不少这样的题目。 任何一个实词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。所谓上下文(context),正如英语辞典所解释的，其作用就是帮助确定上下文中的词、短语或句子的意义。据此，我们可以尽可能地利用上下文来猜测词义，即从已知推求未知，也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义。猜测词义时，我们可以从三个方面来考虑：1）根据上下文已知部分进行逻辑上的推理。2）运用语法知识进行语法分析。3）依靠常识和经验做出判断。根据上下文猜测词义的方法有下列几种： (1)根据定义或解释猜测词义。例如下面的阅读材料： a bag is useful and the word “bag” is useful. it gives us some interesting phrases(短语). one is “ to let the cat out of the bag.” it is the same as “to tell a secret”…. now when someone lets out (泄漏)a secret, he “lets the cat out of the bag.” 短文后面有一个理解题目： john “lets the cat out of the bag” means he ________. a. makes everyone know a secret b. the woman bout a cat c. buys a cat in the bag d. sells the cat in the bag 在这篇文章里，“let the cat out of the bag”虽然是一个新出现的短语，但紧接着后面就给出解释it is the same as “to tell a secret.根据这一解释，我们就可判断出正确答案应为a。 (2)根据情景和逻辑进行判断。例如：2004年北京市海淀区中考试题阅读材料a。其中第三段是这样的： as they go around town, the police help people. sometimes they find lost children. they take the children home. if the police see a fight, they put an end to it right away. sometimes people will ask the police how to get to a place in town. the police can always tell the people which way to go. they know all the streets and roads well. 文章后面有这样一道题： 53. in the text, “put an end to” means “___________”. a. stop b. cut c. kill d. fly 根据文章所提供的情景，如果警察看到有人在打架，他们肯定会去制止。因为制止打架斗殴是警察的职责。根据这一推理，答案应该是a。 (3)根据并列、同位关系猜测词义。例如下面的阅读材料： there is a place on our earth where hot water and steam come up under the ground. it is on a large island in the pacific ocean. the island is north island in new zealand. 101. what does the word “steam” mean in chinese? a. 自来水b. 大气c. 冰川d. 蒸汽 从语法上看，steam和hot water是并列关系，我们就以断定这两种东西是相关的，是同一类第物质。在所给第四个选项中只有“蒸汽”有这种可能。 (4)根据背景和常识判断。请看2004年北京市海淀区中考试题的阅读材料c: watching some children trying to catch butterflies one august afternoon, i was reminded of an incident in my own childhood. when i was a boy of twelve in south carolina, something happened to me that made me never put any wild creature (living thing) in a cage(笼子). we lived on the edge of a forest, and every evening at sk the mockingbirds would come and rest in the trees and sing. there isn’t a musical instrument made by man that can proce a more beautiful sound than the song of the mockingbird. i decided that i would catch a young bird and keep it in a cage and in that way, i would have my own private musician. i finally succeeded in catching one and put it in a cage. at first, being scared, the bird fluttered(扑腾) about the cage, but finally it settled down in its new home. i felt very pleased with myself and looked forward to some beautiful singing from my little musician. on the second day of the bird’s captivity, my new pet’s mother flew to the cage with food in her mouth. the baby bird ate everything she brought to it. i was pleased to see this. certainly the mother knew better than i how to feed her baby. the following morning when i went to see how my captive (caged) bird was doing, i discovered it on the floor of the cage, dead. i was terribly surprised! what had happened! i had taken extremely care of my little bird, or so i thought. arthur wayne, the famous ornithologist, who happened to be visiting my father at the time, hearing me crying over the death of my bird, explained what had happened. “a mother mockingbird, finding her young in a cage, will sometimes bring it poison berries(毒莓). she thinks it better for her young to die than to live in captivity.” never since then have i caught any living creature and put it in a cage. all living creatures have a right to live free. 60. an ornithologist is probably a person who ____________ . a. studies birds b. loves creatures c. majors in habits d. takes care of trees ornithologist这个词从来没有见到过，但是通过他的语言我们可以判断出这是一个对鸟很有研究的人。我很爱鸟，把鸟装在笼子里，并细心照料，而且鸟的母亲也飞过来喂这只鸟，但这只鸟却死了，我很不理解。到我家来的这个人给我详细解释了鸟死的原因，说明这个人非常懂鸟。据此，我们可以断定答案影视a。
Ⅳ 2020高考英语阅读理解猜题技巧
2020高考英语晌友阅读理解猜题技巧俗话说，得阅读者得高考!猜词题是阅读理解中相对简单的一种题型。根据多年的高考英语教学经验，我将猜词题的类型进行了具体的分类，下面是我特意为大家整理了关于2020高考英语阅读理解猜题技巧的相关材料，希望对您的工作和生活有帮助。
1.构词法;2.同义词;3.反义词;4.上下文;
5.释义法;6.因果题;7.代词题;8.常识题
下面我来举例说明。
1.构词法:前缀、后缀、复合、派生等
Car rentals are becoming more and more popular as an inexpensive way of taking to the road.
Q: The underlined word “inexpensive” means _______.
A.cheap B.happy C.good D.painful
解析:划线单词inexpensive是一个派生词，由否定前缀in和单词expensive(昂搜缺贵的)构成，意思是“不昂贵的”，故选A (便宜的)。
2.同义词(列举法)
Signal words:for example, for instance, such as, like，as---as, etc.
Collins decided that she must go, although the hazards of the trip were many, for example, the unbearable heat, the possibility of getting lost, the presence of wild animals and poisonous snakes.
Q: The underlined word "hazard" means ___________________
A. pleasure B. problem C. danger D. attraction
解析:根据划线词hazard后面的举例，“无法忍受的炎热，可能迷路，野生动物和毒蛇的出现”世谨辩，这些都属于“危险的事情”(danger)，故选C。
3.反义词
转折词:though, although, still, but, yet, instead, instead of, however, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, unlike, rather than, for one thing, for another等
Achild's birthday party doesn't have to be a hassle; instead, it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months.
Q: What does the underlined word "hassle" probably mean?
A. a party designed by specialists B. a plan requiring careful thought
C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble D. a demand made by guests
解析:根据划线词hassle后的转折词instead(相反)，可以推断出hassle是与a basket of fun(一筐乐趣)意思相反。故选C (一种导致困难或麻烦的情形)。
4.上下文:利用上下文提供的情景和线索推测
Food Network procer Flay hopes the young cook will find a place on the network television. He says Lieberman’s charisma is key. “Food TV isn’t about food anymore,” says Flay. “It’s about your personality(个性)and finding a way to keep people’s eyeballs on your show.”
Q: What does the word “charisma” underlined in the text refer to?
A. A natural ability to attract others. B. A way to show one’s achievement.
C. Lieberman’s after-class interest. D. Lieberman’s fine cooking skill.
解析:charisma为非考纲词汇表上单词，其词义与下文的“It’s about your personality(个性)and finding a way to keep people’s eyeballs on your show.”有关。故选A(一种天然的吸引他人的能力)。
5.释义法:使用定语(从句)、表语、同位语、冒号、破折号、分号等解释说明
信息词: means, refers to, be called, be known as, can be defined as, in other words, that is, that is to say......
William Shakespeare said. "The web of our life is of a mingled yarn (纱线), good and ill together."
Q: The underlined word "mingled" most probably means?
A.simple B.mixed C.sad D.happy
解析:根据后文的释义，good and ill together，可以推断划线词mingled的意思是“混合的”(minxed)，故选B。
6.因果题
When some kind of pain killer (止痛药) was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the proct look weak and ineffective(无效的).
Q: The underlined part "the colours turned the customers off" means that the colours_______
A.Attracted the customers strongly B.Had weak effects on the customers
C.Tricked the customers into shopping D.Caused the customers to lose interest
解析:根据because后的解释，“因为他们使产品看起来软弱和无效”，可以推断出结果“导致顾客失去兴趣”。故选D。
7.代词题
信息词:one，it，that，he，him或them等指代上文提到的人或事物。
Demands for pigeon-delivered money stopped as soon as the press reported the story. And even if they start again, Chen holds little hope of catching the criminal. “We have more important things to do,” he said.
Q: The underlined word“they”in the last paragraph refers to____.
A. criminals B. pigeons C. the stolen cars D. demands for money
解析:代词指代必须符合就近原则，指代最近的上文提到的人或事物。复数代词they指代复数名词。故选D
8.常识题
Ifeel that since you are my superior (上司), it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do.
Q: The word "presumptuous" is closest in meaning to "____" .
A.full of respect B.rude and too confident
C.lacking in experience D.too shy and quiet
解析:常识题。在Kim看来，因为对方是自己的上司，告诉上司去做什么，会显得不礼貌(rude)、自负(too confident)。故选B。
经过分类整理，猜词题的命题思路就变得非常清晰，了解了命题思路，做题时就有了方向。
当然，要想真正掌握这些策略，还需要大量的训练实践，不断地吸收消化，最后融会贯通。
我是苗爸，“职业化家庭英语启蒙训练”推广人。我会每天分享英语启蒙和高考英语相关的原创文章。
今天的分享到此结束。我们明天再见!
Ⅳ 高考英语阅读理解中怎么分辨是词义题还是语义题
阅读有细节题，推断题，猜词义，概括大意几种。
1 细节题是送份的，就是原文中找，一定能找的着！切忌根据生活常识想当然。
2 推断题是根据文意自己理解出来的，这种题是原文中一定找不到的，所以题目中常常有原文的句子作干扰项，很多人一看这句话文中有就选了。。就错了！记住了，一定是推断出来的，原文中没有！
3 猜词义其实还不算太难，就是注重前后句，在文段中理解就还好。还有就是基本机会要过关，不然跟你的选项的词你都不认识怎么猜啊！对吧，就是比较用的普遍的形容词，不算太难。
4 概括大意有一点难度。主要要领就是要看他给的选项由那个能够概括第一段和最后一段。一定要选两段概括了的！一般有一个是很大很宏观的，一个是很具体的，这俩一定要先找出来，排除掉！
5一般还有一种体就是问你作者对文中叙事的事是什么态度，积极地，消极的，还是中立的什么的。这种就是看你对文章的理解了，没什么可说的。
哎哟，累死我了，这可是我牺牲了20分钟宝贵的高三时间一个字一个字打上去的，绝对是经验之谈，绝对可靠。希望对你有帮助。。加油咯
Ⅵ 词义猜测八法
词义猜测八法
猜测生词词义是高考英语阅读理解中的一个重要帆搭物考点，要想做好阅读理解猜测词义题，就必须要掌握一些猜词方法，具备一定的猜词能力。下面以2005年高考试题为例枝销，介绍几种行之有效的猜测生词词义的方法。
一、 同义解释法
同义解释形式多样，有的利用or, that is (to say), in other words, namely等进行解释，有的利用破折号，同位语（从句），定语从句或同义词、近义词等进行解释。例如：
1. （湖北，A篇）A territory is an area that an animal, usually the male, claims as its own.
由定义可知territory的意思是“领域”、 “领土”。
2. （江苏，E篇）The web of our life is of a min-gled yarn (纱线), good and ill together.
根据其后的同位语good and ill together可判断，mingled的意思是mixed。
3. （北京，C篇）This results in unusual and self- destructive behavior called zoochosis.
既然不正常的、自我毁灭的行为叫做zoochosis，那么可推断zoochosis的意思为：“行为古怪”。
二、前后对比法
有时作者对文章中的生词给出了一定的对比背景，以反义或对照方式出现态液。例如：
1. （广东，C篇）Waves are one of nature’s ways of picking up energy and then sending it off on a journey.
下文的sending off应与picking up意思相反，所以picking up应为collecting（聚积）。
2. （重庆，D篇）It is true that lighthouses were built in out-of-the-way places. But on a pleasant sunny summer day, this very isolation has a natural beauty that many people will love to experience.
根据But 后的内容可知，out-of-the-way与isola-tion意义相近，所以其义为faraway 或isolated。
3. （北京，D篇）However obvious these facts may appear at first glance, they are actually not so obvious as they seem except we take special pains to think about this subject.
由上文的they are actually not so obvious as they seem 及文中的except可知，take special pains应与该句意思相反，据此可推断它与try very hard意义相近。
三、 举例说明法
根据生词后举出的有关例子进行适当归纳，即使不能完全猜测生词的词义，也能猜出大致意义。例如：
1. （湖南，A篇）More American people take their troubles with them on holiday, according to a new survey. Although 40 percent said....
根据下文举出的数字可知，survey是research（调查）之意。
2. （广东，B篇）Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills can’t be easily swallowed down. They must be care-fully cultivated.
下文从三个方面论述了如何培养领导才能，所以cultivate的意思应与develop相似。
四、 上下文暗示法
根据上下文与生词密切相关的句子，对生词进行合情合理同时合乎上下文语境的推测。例如：
1. （湖南，B篇）“We’ve collected foreign coins for years—since our families went on holiday to Tenerife.” she explains. “That was before the Euro, so we put pe－setas in”. Lauren continues: “I find a coin in the road, go to get it and get run over...”
根据上下文可知pesetas是一种硬币。
2. （上海，D篇）Devoted birdwatchers are fast be-ing joined by a new breed of follower whose interest is satiated by watching a few finches（雀科鸣鸟） on a Sunday walk or putting up a bird-box in the back garden.
根据whose interest is satiated by watching...in the back garden.可知, satiated应该是“使……满足(satisfied)”之意。
3. （天津，B篇）Lack of parent willpower may contribute more to juvenile obesity than under-exercis-ing or overeating.
Research suggests that having overweight parents is a big influence upon a child’s weight...
由下文可知这一句的意思是“缺乏父母的意志力可能比缺乏锻炼或过量饮食更容易导致儿童时期的超重。”所以juvenile obesity意思是childhood overweight。
五、 因果推断法
有时对生词的词义需要结合上下文的因果关系进行推断，既可根据原因推测结果，也可根据结果推测原因。例如：
1. （江西，D篇）The plant is often pruned so that it remains only 60 to 90 centimeters high.
由so that后的句意,可推断prune意为“剪枝、修剪”。
2. （上海，B篇）“But,” said Kim, “I feel that since you are my superior, it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do.”
因为对方是上级，所以如果告诉对方做什么，自己会认为是冒犯了对方，是自以为是，所以presump-tuous与too confident and rude意义相近。
六、 经验常识法
有的生词的猜测要求利用自身的生活经验及科学常识进行分析推断。例如：
1. （福建，C篇）Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming.
结合下文helping to slow global warming与科学常识，不难知道mop up意为“吸收(take in)”。
2. （江苏，C篇）Towards the evening, there comes the grand finale of the opening day, an extremely ex-citing horserace.
根据生活常识及上文Towards the evening可知the horserace是这一天的最后一项活动，所以finale应为“last part”。
七、 基本构词法
根据基本的构词法知识（前缀、后缀、复合等）来推测生词的词义。例如：
（上海，B篇）But what I expect is for you to think independently and introce new ideas. I need more input from you—more feedback on how things are going.
初看起来，independently，input和feedback非常生疏，但利用构词法知识不难猜测它们的词义。in-dependently是depend加后缀-ent，加前缀in-，再加后缀-ly而成的，那就是“独立地”。input=in（进入）+put（放）, 故input的意思为“输入”。feedback=feed（输入）+back（回）, 由此可知feedback意为“反馈，反应”。
八、 音译法
对文章中的人名、地名、动物名、建筑物名以及山脉、河流、岛屿、海洋等专用名词及汉语中的外来词等，常可通过音译来解决。当然有的词甚至不需要音译，明白是人名、地名，并能理清之间的关系即可。
Ⅶ 高考英语阅读理解的猜词题之短语类
学生做英语阅读时往往很怕遇到生词。但遇到生词又是很普遍的，第一是有些文章的主题就是介绍新事物，而这个新事物是学生未曾接触过的，自然感到陌生；第二是学生平时掌握的基本是熟词熟义，而有些文章涉及到了熟词生义；第三是学生在背高考范围内的3500词时掌握不够扎实。
生词如此普遍，高考英语也有对应的猜词题。那么，就要考虑如何通过各种技巧来攻克猜词题，甚至把这些猜词技巧推广到其它生词。
猜词题可以划分为两大类，实词和虚词。实词包含几个小类，分别是单词、短语、句子（短句为主）。虚词通常为代词。
本文主要介绍短语类。
如下：
What does the underlined phrase“tug at the heartstrings”in paragraph 2 mean ?
A. Encourage team work .
B. Appeal to feeling.
C. Promote good deeds.
D. Provide advice.
题干问的是第2段中tug at the heartstrings这个短语的含义。对应原文第2段
I guess that there's probably some demanding work schele, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on … At this point the unwilling parent speaks up,“Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.”
由原文可知作者试图去劝说一位女性家长。“她可能仅需要一点劝说，所以我又试了一下，并tug at the hearstrings。”后文提到作者的话术是讲了其他家长的案例，这更多属于诉诸情感。因此选项B比较符合。
如果考生仍觉得不是很有把握，也可以考虑用反向推导。这段话是作者给一位家长讲其他家长的案例，并不涉及A选项的鼓励团队合作，也不涉及C选项的促进善行，也不涉及D选项的提供建议。
考生亦可以通过字面含义来推导。hearstrings字面义是心灵绳索。这也是偏向于感性，与B选项更为
如下：
What do the underlined words "taking on" in paragraph 4 mean?
A. learning from
B. looking down on
C. working with
D. competing against
题干问的是第4段的taking on的含义。原文第4段如下：
"China is impossible to overlook," says Hill. "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement. "Of course, only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China-some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales," adds Hil.
原文提到中国女性对世界时尚潮流的影响力。原文出现了beating them hands down in design and sales说明是前者打败了后者，因此这是在描述时尚竞争，D选项competing against符合文意。
如下：
What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. The tube.
B. The still.
C. The hole.
D. The cup.
题干问的是第2段的the water catcher的含义。原文第1、2段如下：
A build-it-yourself solar still（蒸馏器） is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5＇ 5＇ sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container— perhaps just a drinking cup — to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.
To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s proctivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole.
原文讲的是一种自助式蒸馏器的制作，这种蒸馏器能够在干旱缺少地区集水。因此water catcher其实指的就是这种能“捕捉水”的集水器，即这个蒸馏器，因此B选项符合。
大家可以在留言区写下答案哦！
2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试3卷C篇第10题如下：
What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. A practical idea.
B. A vain hope.
C. A brilliant plan.
D. A selfish desire.
原文第3段如下：
There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you'll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it's a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.