考研英语阅读百度
① 考研英语阅读怎么学习
考研英语的复习是一个从基础不断提升的过程，考研英语的复习要有针对性的高效率复习，制定一个详细有效的复习计划，并按计划安排执行，这样才能在时间紧的情况下完成繁重的复习任务。
第一，词汇。
背单词：一定要重视"背明白"单词。英语大纲要求5500左右的词汇量，大学四、六级的词汇量大约在4000左右，很多过级同学就认为单词可以不用背了，够用了。其实，考研英语比较难的原因之一就在对单词的掌握方面，不但要求全，更要精、深。词汇的记忆肯定要贯穿考研复习的整个过程，前期是要突破重点，中期是辅助强化，后期是巩固复习。
基本语法：考研英语对于语法的考察并不具体，但是实际上任何题型都要涉及语法，完形填空要求掌握一定的语法知识，句式结构，更为突出的是，翻译题，阅读C节，这几年的趋向是越来越侧重考核，结构偏长、偏难的句子的翻译，如果对语法结构的掌握不够熟悉，就达不到翻译的速度也达不到翻译的准确性。但是也没必要死抠语法，而是有的放矢，切莫死咬着深奥的语法，本末倒置。
第二，阅读。
要考好考研阅读：其中占分值40%的阅读理解的重要性不可忽视。阅读理解的复习难度和复习强度都需要高点。有人说："得阅读者得考研。"考研英语阅读复习的关键就在于要学会分析、总结，精做真题，精读真题材料，把自己不熟悉的词汇，词组，句型都吸收了。
第三，真题。
都说真题重要，这话一点不错，当时我是做了3遍，基本上看到题干都能马上反应出答案的那种，同时还把包括错误选项为什么错都弄清楚。我建议同学在对答案时只标注这个题错了而不写上正确答案，这样我们还可以回头分析：为什么这个题我选的这个选项是错的，当时我是怎么思考的，那个是正确的，等等。如果做完了这些，我相信每篇阅读你的错题一般不会超过1个甚至经常都是全对的。
翻译
考研的翻译不同于孤立的、没有上下文的单句翻译。要先通读并理解全文，并对文章内容和风格有一个完整和全面的认识，决不能拿来文章就翻译，看一句译一句，须知磨刀不误砍柴工。
有很多同学认为一字不漏地翻译出原文就是忠于原文的最稳妥、最可靠的办法，但实际上中英文是两种不同的语言文字，在词汇和语法上有较大的差异。如果死译、硬译或生搬硬套，只能使译文含糊不清，让人费解。所以，要注意词义在上下文中的一致，按照中文的行文习惯来翻译才是更可取的翻译方法。
作文
小作文多重形式，不重内容，所以，应对小作文，要多背写作格式，像书信、便条和日记等等英语作文中特殊的写作格式都要牢记。对于大作文，更注重思想内容，语言的流利程度等等。
其实考研英语不外乎词汇，语法和阅读,如果你能在全年的考研复习中坚持不懈，把考研英语中的词汇、阅读都搞定的话，相信你的考研成绩，至少英语这一科肯定没问题，加油吧!
② 考研英语阅读理解翻译历年真题
“I've never met a human worth cloning,” says cloning expert Mark Westhusin from the cramped confines of his lab at Texas A&M University. “It's a stupid endeavor.” That's an interesting choice of adjective, coming from a man who has spent millions of dollars trying to clone a 13-year-old dog named Missy. So far, he and his team have not succeeded, though they have cloned two calves and expect to clone a cat soon. They just might succeed in cloning Missy later this year—or perhaps not for another five years. It seems the reproctive system of man's best friend is one of the mysteries of modern science.
Westhusin's experience with cloning animals leaves him vexed by all this talk of human cloning. In three years of work on the Missyplicity project, using hundreds upon hundreds of canine eggs, the A&M team has proced only a dozen or so embryos carrying Missy's DNA. None have survived the transfer to a surrogate mother. The wastage of eggs and the many spontaneously aborted fetuses may be acceptable when you're dealing with cats or bulls, he argues, but not with humans. “Cloning is incredibly inefficient, and also dangerous,” he says.
Even so, dog cloning is a commercial opportunity, with a nice research payoff. Ever since Dolly the sheep was cloned in 1997, Westhusin's phone at A&M College of Veterinary Medicine has been ringing busily. Cost is no obstacle for customers like Missy's mysterious owner, who wishes to remain unknown to protect his privacy. He's plopped down $3.7 million so far to fund the research because he wants a twin to carry on Missy?s fine qualities after she dies. But he knows her clone may not have her temperament. In a statement of purpose, Missy's owner and the A&M team say they are “both looking forward to studying the ways that her clone differs from Missy.”
The fate of the dog samples will depend on Westhusin's work. He knows that even if he gets a dog viably pregnant, the offspring, should they survive, will face the problems shown at birth by other cloned animals: abnormalities like immature lungs and heart and weight problems. “Why would you ever want to clone humans,” Westhusin asks, “when we?re not even close to getting it worked out in animals yet?” [397 words]
6. Mr. Westhusin thinks cloning is dangerous because_____ .
[A] animals are tortured to death in the experiments
[B]the public has expressed strong disapproval
[C] too many lives are wasted for laboratory use
[D] cloning becomes a quest only for profit
7. What is the problem confronting the Missyplicity project?
[A] The client holds a suspicious view toward it.
[B] There is a lack of funds to support the research.
[C] The owner is unwilling to disclose the information.
[D] Cloning dogs is a difficult biological problem.
8. Which of the following is true about animal cloning?
[A]Few private cloning companies could afford it
[B]Few people have realized its significance.
[C] An exact of a cat or bull can be made.
[D] It is becoming a prosperous instry.
9. From the passage we can infer that _____.
[A] Mr. Westhusin is going to clone a dog soon
[B] scientists are pessimistic about human cloning
[C] human reproctive system has not been understood
[D] rich people are only interested in cloning animals
10. Mr. Westhusin seems to believe that cloning______.
[A] is stupid and should be abandoned [B] has been close to success
[C] should be taken cautiously [D] is now in a dilemma
>>>>>>答案解析<<<<<<
核心词汇
confines n. limits or borders范围，界限;边界 例：the confines of human knowledge 人类的知识范围 / the confines of family life 家庭生活的范围
超纲词汇
aborted a. *① 流产的 ② 出问题的，出故障的
canine a. 犬的，犬科的
cramped a. 狭窄的，拥挤的 例：working in cramped conditions 在拥挤的环境里工作
embryo n. 胚胎
fetus n. 胎，胎儿
Missyplicity n.这是个临时造的词，是三个部分的合成：Missy指文中提到的那条狗密斯，
plicate意为“复制”，?ity为名词后缀
plop vi.&vt.(使)扑通一声落下 例：Can you plop some ice in my drink? 能在我的饮料中放点冰块吗? 文中是比喻用法，指“投入资金”
surrogate n.代理, 代理人,代用品 vt.使代理, 使代替;*surrogate mother 代理母体
veterinary a.兽医的 例：veterinary medicine/science兽医学
vexed a.*① 气恼的，烦恼的 例：the vexed parents of an unruly teenager因孩子难管教而气恼的父母 ②(问题等)争论不休的，难于解决的 例：vexed question/issue棘手的问题
viably ad. ① 可实施地，切实可行地 *② 能存活地，能生长发育地
长难句分析
1. That's an interesting choice of adjective, coming from a man who has spent millions of dollars trying to clone a 13-year-old dog named Missy.
该句主干是That's an interesting choice of adjective。现在分词短语coming from... 做后置定语，修饰前面的名词choice，相当于一个定语从句(which is)coming from... ;在分词短语中，定语从句who... 也做后置定语，修饰先行词a man。
2. He knows that even if he gets a dog viably pregnant, the offspring, should they survive, will face the problems shown at birth by other cloned animals: abnormalities like immature lungs and heart and weight problems.
该句主干是He knows that... 。that引导的宾语从句是一个主从复合句，且从句位于主句之前，主句是the offspring will face the problems... ;从句是让步状语从句：even if he gets a dog viably pregnant;should they survive是个省略了if的条件状语从句，为插入语，修饰主句。另外，主句的宾语the problems后接有过去分词短语shown... 做后置定语，相当于一个定义从句(that)are shown... ;冒号后的名词短语做the problems的同位语。
语篇分析
本文题材涉及生物技术。作者从克隆动物这个角度间接论证克隆人的不可行性，主张应该慎重对待克隆人研究。它是一篇观点论证型文章，按照“提出观点—论证观点—重申观点”的脉络展开论述，可分成三部分。
第一段为第一部分，提出观点：克隆人是不可行的。
引用专家Mark Westhusin和一位试图克隆其爱犬的富人的话(never met a human worth cloning，a stupid endeavor)表达作者的观点。接着介绍Mark Westhusin所进行的克隆动物的实验(two calves，a cat and a dog)，并特别指出对狗的克隆最具难度(one of the mysteries of modern science)。
第二、三段为第二部分，论证观点。
第二段：指出Mark Westhusin克隆动物的经验使他极力反对克隆人(vexed by talking of human cloning)。首句是段落主题句。段中详细介绍了一个克隆狗的项目(the Missyplicity project)中出现的状况：①从成百上千的卵中只获得一打左右基因匹配的胚胎;②转移到母体时没有一个胚胎存活下来。从这些细节中可以推出，克隆是低效而且危险的。这在末句“Cloning is incredibly inefficient, and also dangerous”得到了证实。该段最后还给出了Mark Westhusin的观点：动物实验中的浪费现象在人的研究中不能被接受。因此，该段将Mark Westhusin反对克隆人的态度表露无疑。
③ 考研英语阅读用什么资料好
首先把单词打好基础 做完题后弄明白为什么错了 自己再翻译两遍 ，过一段时间再来一遍就可以了。历年英语真题最有用，通过真题寻找知识点，并进行总结归纳。
④ 《考研英语分类阅读高分进阶（120篇）》txt下载在线阅读全文,求百度网盘云资源
《考研英语分类阅读高分进阶（120篇）》（新东方考研英语命题研究组 编著）电子书网盘下载免费在线阅读
链接:https://pan..com/s/1LiDJq10Jf-uVpw6SFdIbWg 提取码:ebjq
书名：考研英语分类阅读高分进阶（120篇）
作者：新东方考研英语命题研究组 编著
豆瓣评分：5.7
出版社：群言出版社
页数：374
内容简介：
《新东方•考研英语:分类阅读高分进阶120篇(2013年)》严格按照考研英语大纲对阅读部分进行题型更改后的要求编写，分三部分讲解，囊括阅读部分A、B、C三节的所有题型：常规阅读理解题、选句子补全文章题、段落排序题、例证和标题补全题以及英译汉。全书精选的120篇文章都配有全文翻译，文章按题材分类，帮助考生掌握考研阅读真题的难度与题型，并循序渐进地实现阅读水平的提高。
⑤ 考研英语阅读理解和翻译
考研英语阅读理解和翻译
想要把考研英语考好,不在考场上心理崩盘,只有详细研究真题和精读外刊,否则绝大部分考生对文章的理解注定是只言片语和模糊不清的,下面是我给大家提供的考研的英语阅读理解练习真题及翻译，一起来练习一下吧!
The world is goingthrough the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. Theprocess sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emergingcountries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at thisprocess and worrying: “Won't the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollableanti-competitive force?"
There's no question that the big are getting bigger and morepowerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% ofinternational trade in 1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growingrapidly. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment ofproction in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. InArgentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationalswent from 43% to almost 70% of the instrial proction of the 200 largestfirms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smallereconomic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of theworld economy。
I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&Awave are the same that underlie the globalization process: fallingtransportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers andenlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers'demands. All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers. Asproctivity grows, the world's wealth increases。
Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave arescanty. Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms todaycould re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly acentury ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil trust was broken up. The mergersof telecom companies, such as WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices forconsumers or a rection in the pace of technical progress. On the contrary,the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration isincreasing—witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan—but it doesnot appear that consumers are being hurt。
Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. Afew weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the bankinginstry. Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of lastresort with the gigantic banks that are being created? Won't multinationalsshift proction from one place to another when a nation gets too strict aboutinfringements to fair competition? And should one country take upon itself therole of“defending competition" on issues that affect many othernations, as in the U.S. vs. Microsoft case?
33. What is the typical trend of businesses today?
[A]To take in more foreign funds
[B]To invest more abroad
[C]To combine and become bigger
[D]To trade with more countries
34. According to the author, one of the driving forces behindM&A wave is _________。
[A]the greater customer demands
[B]a surplus supply for the market
[C]a growing proctivity
[D]the increase of the world's wealth
35. From paragraph 4 we can infer that _________。
[A]the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers
[B]WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs
[C]the costs of the globalization process are enormous
[D]the Standard Oil trust might have threatened competition
36. Toward the new business wave, the writer's attitude can be saidto be _________。
[A]optimistic
[B]objective
[C]pessimistic
[D]biased
>>>>>>答案解析<<<<<<
33. What is the typical trend of businesses today? 今天的商业典型的发展趋势是什么?
[A]To take in more foreign funds 吸收更多外资
[B]To invest more abroad 进行更多对外投资
[C]To combine and become bigger 合并做强
[D]To trade with more countries 与更多国家贸易
【答案】 C
【考点】 事实细节题。
【分析】 文章第一段中说“世界正在经历一场前所未有的最大的的并购浪潮。这个浪潮从异常活跃的美国开始，横扫欧洲，并以不可比拟的威力影响到正在崛起的国家”，因此可以判断正确答案是[C]。
34. According to the author, one of the driving forces behindM&A wave is _______。
根据本文作者，在合并浪潮背后的一个驱动力是______。
[A]the greater customer demands 更大的消费需求
[B]a surplus supply for the market 对市场的剩余供给
[C]a growing proctivity 日益增长的生产率
[D]the increase of the world’s wealth 世界财富的增长
【答案】 A
【考点】 事实细节题。
【分析】 根据“合并浪潮的推动力”可以定位到第三段。在作者看来，“日趋下降的运输与通讯费用，较低的贸易与投资壁垒，以及市场的扩大和为满足市场需求而进行的扩大生产，是推动这股巨大的并购浪潮的最主要的力量，也是推动全球化进程的力量”。将四个选项对比这三个因素，只有[A]包括了根据顾客的需要扩大市场这个因素。
35. From paragraph 4 we can infer that _____。
从第四段中我们可以推断出_____。
[A] the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers
日益增长的集中肯定会损害消费者的利益
[B] WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs
世通就是一个合并利与弊的好例子
[C] the costs of the globalization process are enormous
全球化进程的成本很高
[D] the Standard Oil trust might have threatened competition
标准石油托拉斯或许已经威胁到竞争
【答案】 D
【考点】 推断题。
【分析】 [A]“日益增长的集中肯定会损害消费者的利益”与原文第四段第一句不符合，因为作者说“这股合并浪潮是带来益处还是弊端的实例还很少”，因此很难说肯定会带来损害。[B]提到“世通”，说是一个带来利益和降低成本的好例子。这句说是“价格没有随着合并而提高”，并没有提到价格降低问题，因此，合并虽然没有伤害消费者，也没有给他们带来利益。[C]本段没有涉及。[D]可以从文中“很难想像当今的几个石油公司的合并能够再次造成像100年前美国标准石油托拉斯对竞争形成的威胁”，这说明当年这个石油公司肯定曾经对竞争造成巨大威胁。
36. Toward the new business wave, the writer’s attitudecan be said to be _____。
作者看待新的商业浪潮的态度可以说是_______。
[A]optimistic 乐观的
[B]objective 客观的
[C]pessimistic 悲观的
[D]biased 歧视的
【答案】 B
【考点】 作者态度题。
【分析】 本题考查考生是否了解作者的态度。文中作者提到了“合并”的益处，但是同时也在第四段中提到“我们必须警惕这样的合并浪潮”。作者是从两个方面来谈论这个问题的，因此我们可以判断作者的态度应该是客观的。
难句解析：
1. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role ofsmaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stabilityof the world economy。
【结构分析】本题的主干是“This phenomenon has created serious concerns”，两个“over”引导介宾短语，是并列的成分，做“concern”的定语。而“of smaller economic firms”与“of nationalbusinessmen”都是第一个“role”的定语。
2. I believe that the most important forces behind the massiveM&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: fallingtransportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers andenlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers’ demands。
【结构分析】本句主句是“I believe ”，“that”引导一个宾语从句，在这个宾语从句中，后面的“that”前面省略了“forces”，这个“that”引导一个定语从句，修饰这个省略的“forces”。冒号后面的部分是“the most important forces”的同位语，其中“markets”后面的“that”引导定语从句修饰“markets”，“capable ofmeeting customers' demands”是“operations”的定语。
全文翻译：
世界正在经历一场前所未有的最大的的并购浪潮。这个浪潮从异常活跃的美国开始，横扫欧洲，并以不可比拟的威力影响到正在崛起的国家。这些国家的许多人面对这个浪潮，倍感忧虑：“商业集中的浪潮会不会演变成一股无法控制的反竞争的力量?”
无疑，大企业正在变得更大、更强。1982年，跨国公司占国际贸易不到20%的份额。而如今，这个数字已经超过25%，并且还在迅速上升。在那些对外开放并鼓励外资的经济体中，国际分公司在生产中也正占据一个越来越大的份额。比如，在阿根廷，经过90年代初的改革之后，跨国公司在200家大型企业的工业生产中从43%增加到几乎70%。这个现象使人们开始重视小型企业和民族资本的作用以及世界经济的最终稳定。
我认为，日趋下降的运输与通讯费用，较低的贸易与投资壁垒，以及市场的扩大和为满足市场需求而进行的扩大生产，是推动这股巨大的并购浪潮的最主要的力量，也是推动全球化进程的力量。所有这些对消费者来说都是有益而无害的。随着生产力的`提高，世界的财富也在增长。
这股合并浪潮是带来益处还是弊端的实例还很少。但是很难想像当今的几个石油公司的合并能够再次造成像100年前美国标准石油托拉斯对竞争形成的威胁，人们当时很害怕这家公司，结果导致了它最终的解散。像世通这样的通讯公司的合并似乎不会抬高消费价格，或者减缓技术进步的速度，与之相反的是通信的价格的快速下降。汽车行业的合并也同样在增加——瞧瞧戴姆勒与克莱斯勒，雷诺与尼桑的合并——但看起来消费者并未受到伤害。
但是有一个事实，那就是合并必须受到密切关注。就在几星期以前，格林斯潘对银行业的大规模合并发出了警告。正在创建的这样的巨大的银行一旦出现，谁来充当最终的借贷者，谁来发挥监督、规范和运作的作用呢?当一个国家对破坏公平竞争的行为的处理过于严厉时，跨国公司会不会把它们的生产从一地转到另一地呢?在那些将会影响许多其他国家的问题上，一个国家是否应该发挥“保护竞争”的作用，就如同美国政府对微软公司案例那样?
;⑥ 考研英语阅读理解翻译全文
考研英语阅读是考研英语的关键,所以平时要多做并总结考研英语阅读技巧。下面就是我给大家整理的考研英语阅读理解翻译全文，希望对你有用!
考研英语阅读原文
Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely——though by no means uniformly——glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.
Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.
But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have enred for millions of years —— so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years. Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."
So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organizations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.
Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.
But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.
This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to rece many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.
考研英语阅读翻译
几十年前，我们对于未来的看法尽管并不一致，但总的来说颇为乐观。我们相信科学和技术将会治愈人类的一切疾病，使所有人都过上充满机会和成就感的生活。
如今，随着我们对自己所面临的一系列威胁有了更深刻的认识，比如从小行星撞击，到流感，再到气候变化，乌托邦式已经不合时宜。你甚至可能会禁不住要想：人类几乎前途渺茫。
然而，这种担忧不合时宜。化石记录表明，许多物种已经存活了数百万年之久，那么人类为何就不可以呢?从一个更宏观的视角来看一看人类在宇宙中的地位，就会清楚明白，即使人类生存不了几十万年，至少再存活几万年的机会还是很大。在国际自然保护联盟的濒危物种 "红色名录"上查阅"智人"这一条目，你会读到："由于该物种分布非常广泛，适应性强，目前数量持续上升，且不存在导致其整体数量下降的重大威胁，故被列为最无危物种"。
那么，我们的遥远未来会是什么景象呢?越来越多的研究者和组织机构正在认真思考这个问题。比如，今日不朽基金会的旗舰项目是一台机械时钟，该时钟的设计目标是能够在几千几万年后保持计时功能。
这样做或许有些一意孤行，但推想久远的未来要比思考即将发生的未来更为容易。当今技术的可能发展及它的社会影响结果非常复杂，或许最好的办法是让科幻小说家和未来学家去探索我们能想象到的种种可能。这正是我们发行《弧》的原因之一，该新刊物旨在探索不远的未来。
但是，如果采用一个更为长远的视角，我们便能对惊人数量的事情做出很有把握的预测。通常，过去掌握着通向未来的钥匙：目前，我们已经充分了解有关地球历史和人类历史的长期发展模式，这使我们能对子孙后代的生存环境做出有根据的预测。
这种长远的视角使我们对未来的悲观态度更像是一股短暂的风潮。诚然，未来绝非一片光明。不过，我们已经有足够的知识去降低许多曾经威胁前人生存的危险，以及去改善后人的命运。
考研英语阅读词语解析
dedicated['dedi.keitid]adj. 专注的，献身的，专用的
overall[əuvə'rɔ:l]adj. 全部的，全体的，一切在内的
strike[straik]n. 罢工，打击，殴打 v. 打，撞，罢工，划
adaptable[ə'dæptəbl]adj. 能适应的，适应性强的，可改编的
planet['plænit]n. 行星
immediate[i'mi:djət]adj. 立即的，即刻的，直接的，最接近的
pessimistic[.pesi'mistik]adj. 悲观的，悲观主义的
population[.pɔpju'leiʃən]n. 人口 ，(全体)居民，人数
opportunity[.ɔpə'tju:niti]n. 机会，时机
evolution[.i:və'lu:ʃən]n. 进化，发展，演变
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⑧ 考研英语阅读理解汉语翻译
考研英语阅读理解汉语翻译
考研英语阅读不仅需要大量的词汇量，更需从答案着手，“慧眼识珠”，消除干扰答案，更加快速高效的做出选择。下面是我给大家准备的考研英语阅读理解真题及汉语翻译，欢迎大家阅读练习!
The marvelous telephone and television network that has now enmeshed the whole world, making all men neighbours, cannot be extended into space. It will never be possible to converse with anyone on another planet. Even with today's radio equipment, the messages will take minutes—sometimes hours—on their journey, because radio and light waves travel at the same limited speed of 186, 000 miles a second.
Twenty years from now you will be able to listen to a friend on Mars, but the words you hear will have left his mouth at least three minutes earlier, and your reply will take a corresponding time to reach him. In such circumstances, an exchange of verbal messages is possible—but not a conversation.
To a culture which has come to take instantaneous communication for granted, as part of the very structure of civilized life, this “time barrier” may have a profound psychological impact. It will be a perpetual reminder of universal laws and limitations against which not all our technology can ever prevail. For it seems as certain as anything can be that no signal—still less any material object—can ever travel faster than light.
The velocity of light is the ultimate speed limit, being part of the very structure of space and time. Within the narrow confines of the solar system, it will not handicap us too severely. At the worst, these will amount to twenty hours—the time it takes a radio signal to span the orbit of Pluto, the outer-most planet.
It is when we move out beyond the confines of the solar system that we come face to face with an altogether new order of cosmic reality. Even today, many otherwise ecated men—like those savages who can count to three but lump together all numbers beyond four—cannot grasp the profound distinction between solar and stellar space. The first is the space enclosing our neighbouring worlds, the planets; the second is that which embraces those distant suns, the stars, and it is literally millions of times greater. There is no such abrupt change of scale in the terrestrial affairs.
Many conservative scientists, appalled by these cosmic gulfs, have denied that they can ever be crossed. Some people never learn; those who sixty years ago scoffed at the possibility of flight, and ten years ago laughed at the idea of travel to the planets, are now quite sure that the stars will always be beyond our reach. And again they are wrong, for they have failed to grasp the great lesson of our age—that if something is possible in theory, and no fundamental scientific laws oppose its realization, then sooner or later it will be achieved.
One day we shall discover a really efficient means of propelling our space vehicles. Every technical device is always developed to its limit and the ultimate speed for spaceships is the velocity of light. They will never reach that goal, but they will get very near it. And then the nearest star will be less than five years voyaging from the earth.[514 words]
11.For light to travel across the solar system, it will take_______.
[A] a year [B] nearly a day [C] two months [D] thirty minutes
12.The fact that it will never be possible to converse with someone on another planet shows that________
[A] radio messages do not travel fast enough
[B] no object can ever travel faster than light
[C] western culture has a special idea of communication
[D] certain universal laws cannot be prevailed against
13.Confronted with the new order of cosmic reality, many ecated men________.
[A] become ignorant savage again [B] find the “time barrier” unbearable
[C] will not combine solar and stellar space[D] cannot adapt to the abrupt change of scale
14.Conservative scientists who deny that cosmic gulfs can ever be crossed will________
[A] laugh at the very idea of flight [B] learn a lesson as they did ten years ago
[C] find space travel beyond their reach[D] oppose the fundamental scientific laws
15.The author of the passage intends to show__________.
[A] the limitations of our technology [B] the vastness of the cosmic reality
[C] the prospect of planetary travel [D] the psychological impact of time and space
>>>>>>答案解析<<<<<<
核心词汇
enclose vt. *① [常用被动态] to surround sth., especially with a fence or wall, in order to make it separate(尤指用篱笆或围墙)围起来 例：A high wall enclosed the courtyard. 一堵高墙把院子围了起来。 ② 随信附上，随信装入 例：Please enclose a check with your order. 请您随定单附上支票。
en-?是构成动词的前缀，表示 ① “使处于某种状态，使有某种特征，使成为……”例：danger使陷入危险中，危害，危及，enlarge使变大，扩大，enslave使成为奴隶，奴役 ②“把……包住;包涵”例：encircle围绕，环绕，包围，encase把……放入箱(盒、袋等)内
lump n. ① a small piece of something solid, without a particular shape(不定形的)块例：There were lumps in the sauce. 酱汁中有块状的东西。②方糖 例：One lump or two? 要一块还是两块方糖?vt. to accept a situation or decision you do not like because you cannot change it 无奈地接受 例： I?m going to that party! Like it or lump it! 我打算去参加那个聚会!不管喜欢还是不喜欢!
[短语搭配] *lump sth. together 把……合在一起考虑;算在一起 例：Pacifists, atheists and journalists were all lumped together as “troublemakers”. 和平主义者、无神论者和记者都被归为“捣乱分子”。
超纲词汇
enmesh vt. *① 用网捕捉，使陷入网中;文中指“以电话和电视网络将整个世界联系起来” ② 使陷入，使卷入 例：be enmeshed in difficulties陷入困难中
stellar a.*① 恒星的，与星有关的 ② 极好的 例：the company?s stellar growth公司的良好发展
terrestrial a. ① 陆地的 *② 地球上的
长难句分析
1. The marvelous telephone and television network that has now enmeshed the whole world, makingall men neighbors, cannot be extended into space.
该句主干是一个被动句The marvelous telephone and television network... cannot be extended into space。其中that引导的定语从句做后置定语修饰network;分词短语making all men neighbors当结果状语，修饰整个定语从句。
2. To a culture which has come to take instantaneous communication for granted, as part of the very structure of civilized life, this “time barrier” may have a profound psychological impact.
该句主干是This “time barriers” may have a profound psychological impact。介词短语to a culture which... 充当状语成分，修饰句子主干，其中which引导的定语从句修饰a culture;介词短语as... 与前面的动词take构成“动词+复合宾语”的结构take sth. as sth.(把……看作……)。
3. Those who sixty years ago scoffed at the possibility of flight, and ten years ago laughed at the idea of travel to the planets, are now quite sure that the stars will always be beyond our reach.
该句主干是Those... are now quite sure that... 。who引导的定语从句修饰主语those;连词and 连接的两个动词短语scoffed...和laughed... 是并列关系，一起充当定语从句的谓语。that引导的从句充当表语。
语篇分析
本文题材涉及星际通信。作者告诉读者虽然人类在宇宙中的交流受到速度的限制，但是跨越宇宙鸿沟的可能性是存在的。它是一篇现象解释型文章，按照“指出现象—解释现象—提出新观点”脉络展开论述，可分成三部分。
第一、二段为第一部分，指出现象：星际之间的通信受到速度的限制。
第一段：开篇指出，地球上的通信系统无法延伸到太空中，因此人类无法实现星际之间的对话。接着分析原因：无线电波和光波传播速度的限制(the same limited speed)使信息需要花很长时间才能到达(the messages will take minutes—sometimes hours—on their journey)。
第二段：以火星为例，具体说明星际之间无法实现通常意义上的“对话”(a conversation is impossible)。由此可以推知，未来星际之间的交流将采用延时通信(communication delay)的方式。
第三、四段，分析现象带来的影响。
第三段：指出“时间障碍”对人们造成的心理影响(a profound psychological impact)，即人们意识到技术不能战胜宇宙的普遍规律和限制(universal laws and limitations against which not all our technology can ever prevail)。
第四段：指出速度限制在狭小的太阳系内(the narrow confines of the solar system)不会给人们带来不便(will not handicap us too severely)，并且以冥王星为例说明速度的限制在太阳系内最多造成20个小时的延迟。
第五至七段：作者就星际之间的通信问题提出新的观点。
第五段：提出观点一，即，人们应该认识到太阳系之外的宇宙更浩瀚，天体规模的变化更突然(greater， abrupt change of scale)。该段批评了一些人对宇宙的无知(like savages，cannot grasp the profound distinction)，并且对太阳系和恒星系两个概念给予了界定。
第六段：批评那些否认跨越宇宙鸿沟的可能性(appalled by these cosmic gulfs, denied that they can ever be crossed)的保守的科学家。从理论上进行论证：人类的发展证明，只要是理论上证明可能的事情，人类迟早能够实现(If something is possible in theory, then sooner or later it will be achieved)。
第七段：提出观点二，即，技术的发展将使跨越宇宙鸿沟变为可能。该段指出未来的航天器驱动方式(a really efficient means of propelling our space vehicles)将会接近速度的极限。全文最后以展望星际旅行的前景结束。
文章总体特点：全文内容分为两大部分，前面部分围绕“宇宙速度限制”展开，后面部分围绕“跨越宇宙鸿沟的可能性”展开。前面部分是铺垫，后面部分才是作者观点的论述，即全文的重心。
试题命制分析
通过对文章的整体分析，我们可以从以下几个方面命题，考查考生的阅读理解能力。
1. 事实细节题
(1) 文中出现多处数字，包括：无线电波或者光波的传播速度都是每秒186, 000英里;无线电信号达到冥王星的时间是20小时;未来乘坐航天器达到最近的恒星需要大约5年的时间。针对这些细节可以命制数字细节题，参见试题11。
(2) 第一段含有两个层次的因果关系：人类无法实现星际之间的对话是因为信号传送时间长;信号传送时间长是因为无线电波或者光波传播速度的限制。这里可以命制因果细节题，参见试题12。
(3) 结合第三段和第四段考查“速度限制或时间障碍”造成的影响。如：[A] 人类不再盲目崇拜技术;[B] 给人类生活带来诸多不便;[C] 星际之间无法进行交流;[D] 诱发人类一些心理疾病。(答案：[A])
2. 推理引申题
(1) 针对第二段关于与火星上的人交流的描述考查未来星际之间的交流方式。
(2) 针对第四段末句考查太阳系内通信延迟的时间最长可以达多久。
3. 人物观点、态度题
第五段和第六段提到了两类保守的人，根据文中的描述，可以命制人物观点题，参见试题13和14。也可以考查他们看待时间障碍问题的态度，如：[A] 肯定的;[B] 否定的;[C] 中立的;[D] 含糊不清的.。(答案：[A])
4. 作者观点、态度题
(1) 考查作者对文中提到的两类人的态度，如：[A] 褒扬;[B] 批判;[C] 同情;[D] 厌恶。(答案：[B])
(2) 根据第五段至第七段，考查作者观点，如：[A] 人类在浩瀚的宇宙中十分渺小;[B] 人们应该了解太阳系之外的宇宙;[C] 技术的力量是无穷无尽的;[D] 宇宙速度的限制迟早会被突破。(答案：[B])
5. 词义句意题
(1) 考查第五段lump together的含义。
(2) 根据上文推测第六段末句If something is possible in theory... then sooner or later it will be achieved的含义，如：[A] 未来的人类终将跨越宇宙鸿沟;[B] 任何设想都不要违背自然规律;[C] 保守的人永远不能正确预见未来;[D] 理论与实际的距离只是时间问题。(答案：[A])
试题精解
11.光穿过太阳系需要多长时间?
[A] 一年。 [B] 将近一天。 [C] 两个月。 [D] 30分钟。
[精解] 答案B本题考查考生的数字推理能力。原文中没有直接的回答，但是第一段末句指出：“无线电和光的传播速度相同。”第四段最后一句又指出，无线电传到太阳系中最远的冥王星，要20小时。所以[B]项正确。
12.人无法和另外一个星球的人进行对话这一事实表明_____。
[A] 无线电的传播速度不够快 [B] 没有物体能比光的速度快
[C] 西方文化有特别的交流观念[D] 某些普遍规律不能被战胜
[精解] 答案A本题考查事实细节。第一段后两句指出，“永远不可能和另一个星球人进行对话。即使有今天的无线电设备，信息传播也需要好几分钟，甚至好几个小时，因为无线电和光波都是以有限速度传播。”第二段中举了一个和火星人交流的例子，得出的结论是：“交换语言信息是可能的，但是不可能对话。”[A]项指的是传播速度的限制，为正确项。[B]是第三段末句的改写，是事实，但它与无法实现星际对话没有必然的联系。[C]项在第三段提到，但“认为即刻交流是理所当然的文化”是人思维局限的表现，而“人无法和另外一个星球的人进行对话”是自然规律事实，后者不能表明前者。该段也提到，“时间的局限性”(即无法和外星人进行对话)提醒我们不是所有的技术都能战胜普遍规律和限制，因此这里说明的是“技术的局限性”，而不是[D]项中的“规律的不可战胜性”。
13.面对宇宙现实的新秩序，许多受过教育的人士________。
[A] 又变成无知的野人 [B] 发现“时间局限性”不可容忍
[C] 将不会把太阳系和恒星系结合起来[D] 不能适应这种突然的大规模的变化
[精解] 答案D本题考查事实细节。文章第五段第二句提到，“许多在别的方面受过教育的人，像只能数到三的野人，无法明白太阳系和恒星系的巨大不同。……(后者比前者)确实大几百万倍，地球上的事物在规模上没有这样巨大的变化。”可见，他们无法适应如此巨大的规模变化，选择[D]。[A]项拘泥于字面含义，没有理解文中举出“野人”只是为了说明那些受过教育的人在变化面前的无知，而不是真的变成了野人。[B]项文中未提，[C]项中“结合”应换成“区分”，才符合文意。
14.否认人们可能跨越巨大宇宙鸿沟的那些保守科学家将会_______。
[A] 嘲笑飞行的想法 [B] 像10年前一样吸取教训
[C] 发现太空旅行非他们所能及[D] 反对基本的科学规律
[精解] 答案C本题考查事实细节。倒数第二段谈到这些保守科学家时，作者指出：“一些人从来不吸取教训;他们60年前怀疑飞行的可能性，10年前耻笑飞往其他行星的想法，现在又满有把握地说恒星是我们永远不能及的。”据此，最为相近的答案应该是[C]。
15.从课文中，我们可以推出作者的意图是要说明_______。
[A] 我们技术的局限性 [B] 宇宙现实的广阔性
[C] 星际旅行的前景 [D] 时间和空间对心理上的影响
[精解] 答案C本题考查写作目的。综观全文，作者从无线电和光速谈起，批评了很多持保守态度的人，进而论证人类终将跨越宇宙鸿沟。文章最后描述未来星际旅行标志了人类跨越宇宙鸿沟的实现。可见，[C]是作者要说明的问题。
全文翻译
神奇的电话和电视网络将整个世界连结在一起，使所有的人都成了邻居，但是却不能延伸到宇宙中。你永远不可能和另一个星球上的人进行对话。即使有今天的无线电设备，信息传播也需要好几分钟，有时候甚至好几个小时，因为无线电和光波都是以每秒186, 000英里的有限速度传播。
20年后你能够听来自火星上的朋友说话，但是话从他口中说出至少要经过三分钟你才可以听到，你的回答也将经过相同的时间才能到达他耳中。在这样的状况下，交换语言信息是可能的，但是不可能对话。
对于一个认为即刻交流理所当然，并将其视为文明生活完整结构的一部分的文化来说，这种“时间障碍”可能会有深刻的心理影响。时间障碍(即无法和外星人进行对话)永远提醒我们不是所有的技术都能战胜普遍规律和限制。看起来非常确定的事情是：没有信号，更不用说物质，可以比光传播的速度快。
作为时空结构的一部分，光速是终极速度极限。在太阳系狭小的范围内，它不会给我们带来太严重的不便。最糟糕的情况也就是20小时，即无线电信号越过最远的冥王星的轨迹的时间。
正是当我们走到太阳系的界限之外的时候，我们开始面对着一个全新的宇宙秩序。即使在今天，许多在别的方面受过教育的人，像只能数到三而把三以上的数字都统称为四的野人，他们无法明白太阳系和恒星系的巨大不同。前者是围绕我们邻近的世界即行星的宇宙，后者是围绕那些遥远的恒星的宇宙。(后者比前者)确实大几百万倍，地球上的事物在规模上没有这样巨大的变化。
许多保守的科学家惊讶于这些宇宙鸿沟之大，因此否认跨越它们的可能性。有些人永远也不会进步：他们60年前怀疑飞行的可能性，10年前耻笑飞往其他行星的想法，现在又满有把握地说恒星是我们永远不能及的。他们再一次地错了，因为他们没有领悟我们这一时代的教训——如果某些东西从理论上说是可能的，并且没有一些基本的科学法则反对它的实现的话，它早晚都会实现。
有一天，我们会发现一种真正有效的航天器驱动方式。每一个技术发明都会发展到极限，而宇宙飞船的最终速度是光速。它们永远不会达到这个速度，但是它们将会与这个速度非常接近。那时，离地球最近的恒星用不了5年就可以到达。
;⑨ 考研英语阅读多少分
考研英语阅读是40分。全国硕士研究生统一招生考试，简称“考研”。是指教育主管部门和招生机构为选拔研究生而组织的相关考试的总称，由国家考试主管部门和招生单位组织的初试和复试组成。
2、看你报考的是哪里的学校了，以北京为例：考生需查询统考科目试卷客观题部分和英语主观题部分成绩时，应持本人有效身份证件及准考证于3月17日至18日到以下地点查询：政治理论答题卡：北京大学研究生院。英语一科目：在北京航空航天大学如心楼一层一会议室;英语二科目：在北京航空航天大学如心楼外国语学院8层806房间。复查科目原则上只限1门。
- 考研英语阅读技巧
对于考研阅读，若要高效正确的征服，必须学会快速分析文章的主干。这就是基于逻辑的阅读，上升到理论层面的阅读模式。用在本科毕业设计中看论文很受用，效率很高，速度也很快，再不像以往看文章从头到尾还是云里雾里。
在考研阅读中，出题点一般都是文章中较为重要的地方，常见的有段落的中心和次中心;对于非中心，考研文章一般不会考察。这是研究生入学考试的选拔性和阅读科技论文实用性所决定的。上述的逻辑对于宏观题基本可以一网打尽，但对于微观题，我们必须通过重点位置的提示来解决。
考研英语阅读理解题每篇有五个选项，一般情况下五个题目的顺序是按照文章的顺序逐段出题，两者是相互照应的。偶有跳段的情况，但是先后顺序基本不变。所以带着问题回到原文相应的段落中寻找答案是最节省时间准确率又最高的答题办法。
⑩ 考研英语阅读理解和翻译
The world is goingthrough the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. Theprocess sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emergingcountries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at thisprocess and worrying: “Won't the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollableanti-competitive force?"
There's no question that the big are getting bigger and morepowerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% ofinternational trade in 1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growingrapidly. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment ofproction in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. InArgentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationalswent from 43% to almost 70% of the instrial proction of the 200 largestfirms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smallereconomic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of theworld economy。
I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&Awave are the same that underlie the globalization process: fallingtransportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers andenlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers'demands. All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers. Asproctivity grows, the world's wealth increases。
Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave arescanty. Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms todaycould re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly acentury ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil trust was broken up. The mergersof telecom companies, such as WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices forconsumers or a rection in the pace of technical progress. On the contrary,the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration isincreasing—witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan—but it doesnot appear that consumers are being hurt。
Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. Afew weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the bankinginstry. Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of lastresort with the gigantic banks that are being created? Won't multinationalsshift proction from one place to another when a nation gets too strict aboutinfringements to fair competition? And should one country take upon itself therole of“defending competition" on issues that affect many othernations, as in the U.S. vs. Microsoft case?
33. What is the typical trend of businesses today?
[A]To take in more foreign funds
[B]To invest more abroad
[C]To combine and become bigger
[D]To trade with more countries
34. According to the author, one of the driving forces behindM&A wave is _________。
[A]the greater customer demands
[B]a surplus supply for the market
[C]a growing proctivity
[D]the increase of the world's wealth
35. From paragraph 4 we can infer that _________。
[A]the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers
[B]WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs
[C]the costs of the globalization process are enormous
[D]the Standard Oil trust might have threatened competition
36. Toward the new business wave, the writer's attitude can be saidto be _________。
[A]optimistic
[B]objective
[C]pessimistic
[D]biased