英语高考阅读中的广告片
① 如何区别英语阅读理解中的打广告和科普
一般为时政、人物、广告、文学类、科普1.事实细节题事实细节是用来支撑、阐述和解释主题的具体信息。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其它类型问题的基础。这类题型的题干常为：1)When/Wheredidthestoryhappen2)(not)correct3)(not)mentionedinthepassage4))Allthestatementsaretrueexcept.2.主旨大意题（主要看首尾句）这类题主要是测试学生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。常见的设题方式有：1))))Thepurposeofthepassageis.5)Themain(general)ideaofthepassageis.6)Thepassageismainlyabout.7)Fromthepassageweknowthat.3.推理判断题（主要看文中没出现过，你要推测出来的）这类题属于主观题，是层次较高的设题。它包括判断和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。常见的题干有：1).2)Wecanconcludethat.3)Whenthewritertalksabout,whathereallymeansisthat.4).猜测词义题这类题旨在考查学生根据上下文对灵活变化的词义做出理解判断的能力。这一能力可以说是体现阅读理解能力的一项重要指标。常见的题干有：1)？2)Thewordcouldbestbereplacedby.3)Intheparagraph,thewordmeans(refersto).4)Accordingtothepassage,probablymeans.5)Theauthorusesthewordtomean.解决这类问题可以采用以下几种方法：1)根据上下文，运用构词法知识，推测词义。运用构词法猜测词义是一种简单而行之有效的方法。只要掌握构词法规律，无论单词加前缀还是后缀都不难猜出它们的含义。如：,thecancerisinoperable.inoperable为生词，前缀“in”表示否定，后缀“able”表示“可……的”，中间词干operate意为“手术”，可知inoperable为“不可手术的”。2)通过定义和解释来猜测词义。可以根据一些标志词找出猜词的线索，如：means,inotherwords,thatistosay等。如：uch.此句的表语部分直接定义出annealing的含义是“一种通过加热然后慢慢冷却使金属变软的方法”，即“退火”。主要关注：高考的24个话题
② 高考英语阅读理解题及答案解析
高考英语阅读理解题及答案解析
能正确的掌握英语文章信息是我们学习英语的目的之一，也是高考英语重点考察项目之一。为了帮助大家提高自己的阅读理解能力，我整理了一些高考英语阅读理解，以供大家练习，希望能对大家有所帮助!
photograph
Are all your photographs good?Be honest with yourself. Aren’t some of your pictures too dark, and others too light?How many times have you thrown away a photo?We, the Fine Photograph Club, can help you. We meet every Wednesday in our comfortable club room in Bridge Street. At 7:30 p.m. a
member of the club or a visitor would give a talk, and then we have coffee. Our members will advise you on all the latest cameras and films. They will help you to develop your films or enlarge your pictures. What does it all cost?Only 5 pounds a year.
Photography is now a big business. Do you know, for instance, that there are 15 million cameras in our country?And that 700 million photographs are taken a year, more than one-third of them in color?Think of the amount of photography in television, the cinema, newspapers, books, advertisements and so on. In modern life people learn a lot from pictures, so photography is more and more important. It is also more complicated and more expensive than it used to be. You may only want to take good photographs of faces and places. If so, we can help you to get better results. You needn’t waste any more money. If you want to learn more about photography and how it is used, join the club please. You won’t be disappointed. Write now to the Secretary, Fine Photograph Club. Bridge Street. 31. The purpose of passage is to _____.
A. show people how to take fine pictures
B. tell people photography is now a big business
C. tell people the club can do many things for you
D. encourage people to join the photograph club
答案为D。此句为测试作者的写作目的。“呼吁人们都来加入到摄影俱乐部!”这是本文的主要目的。本文的.最后部分也是对全文内容的重点回应。 32. If you want to join the club, you _____.
A. must be good at photography
B. must know about the latest cameras and films
C. must pay a little money a year
D. must be honest with yourself
答案为C。此句为细节题。从短文第一段的最后一句话：five pounds a year中得出答案。
33. You are able to be honest so that you can_____.
A. say if your photos are good or bad
B. tell how much money you waste
C. help the Fine Photograph Club
D. know the latest development in cameras
答案为A。此句为细节推理题。将第一段内容进行综合分析，可以知道：这是Fine Photograph club所做的宣传广告，让人们知道他们是为了帮助人们提高摄影技术，避免出现浪费现象，而且费用低廉。因此选项A符合短文的内容。
34. The club can give the following service except _____.
A. coffee B. amusement C. advice D. information
答案为B。此句为细节推理题。从短文内容上看，文章中出现了：and then we have coffee(选项A的内容)，will advise you on all the latest(选项C的内容)和if you want to learnit is used(选项D的内容)，这样只有选项B的内容在短文中没有出现了。
35.Which statement of the following is true?
A. If you are a member of Fine Photograph Club, it will cost you only 5 pounds to buy a camera.
B. All the members of Fine Photograph Club can take free photographs of faces and places.
C. More than a third of 700 million color photographs are taken a year.
D. If you write to the photograph club, you will be very good at photographing.
答案为C。细节题。在短文And that 700 million photographs are taken a year，more than one-third Of them in color?中给出了答案。其中的them就是700 million photographs。
business
Most of us know about the Nobel Prize, especially the Nobel Peace Prize, but few of us know anything about the man who set them up. His name was Alfred Nobel. He was a great scientist and inventor himself. Besides, he had a big business. His business may surprise you. He made and sold explosives. His companies even made and sold weapons. Isn’t this something that surprises you? The man who made money from weapons should set up the Peace Prize?
Though Alfred Nobel had a lot of money from weapons, he hated war. He hoped that there would be no war in the world. He was one of the richest in Europe. When he died in 1896, he left behind him a lot of money and his famous will. According to his will, most of his money was placed in a fund. He wanted the interest from the fund to be used as prizes every year. We know them as the Nobel Prizes. The Nobel Prizes are international. Alfred Nobel wanted the winners to be chosen for their work, not the country they came from.
Alfred Nobel had given his whole life to his studies and work and to the benefits of mankind. He made money all by his own efforts, but he left the world share his wealth. His inventions and wealth stay with the world for ever.
36. Alfred’s business was _____.
A. making and selling explosives B. not making and selling weapons
C. making explosives and selling weapons D. making weapons and selling explosives
答案为A。细节题。将这两句话His business may surprise you. He made and sold explosives.合并在一起理解.就是：他的企业是制造并贩卖炸药的。
37. Nobel wanted to set up the Nobel Peace Prize because _____.
A. he made enough money
B. he hated war
C. he wanted to get more interest from the fund
D. he liked to live in a peaceful world
答案为B。此句为细节推理题。从he hated war.He hoped that there would be no war in the world.这里可以看出Nobel讨厌战争，因此希望以后不再有战争。
38. Nobel Prizes come from _____.
A. all Nobel’s money in the fund
B. all Nobel’s money in his company
C. all the interest from the fund
D. some of the interest in the fund
答案为C。此句为细节推理题。Nobel Prizes的来源在本文中是指：“He wanted the interest from the fund to be used as prizes every year.”也就是他基金中每年的利息。
39. Nobel was a (an) _____ person in the world.
A. interesting B. unselfish C. kind-hearted D. richest
答案为B。此句为细节推理题。从短文最后一段的内容看，Nobel的无私奉献为世界人民做出了贡献。因此应该说他是一个无私的人。
40. Which statement of the following is Right according to the passage?
A. Nobel set up his company to sell clothes. B. Most of Nobel’s money was used for the world Wars.
C. Nobel Prizes are only for some people from some special countries.
D. Nobel worked hard in his life and saved lots of money for the world to share. 答案为D。此句为细节推理题。在He made money all by his own efforts.But he left the world share his wealth.这句话中，我们可以看出Nobel将所挣的钱全部留给世界人民去分享(share)。
;③ 宣传片 广告片用英语怎么翻译!急!!!
Advertising reel 广告片
Promotional film 宣传片
作文标题： 突破英语广告类阅读理解
关 键 词： 阅读 高中高三 1500字
字 数： 1500字作文
本文适合： 高中高三
作文来源： https://zw.liuxue86.com
本作文是关于高中高三1500字的作文，题目为或团：《突破英语广告类阅读理解》，欢迎大家踊跃投稿。 [例1]（NMET2001，阅读E篇） HOW TO BOOK Booking opens for Beckett Shorts on 8 September BY TELEPHONE For credit card（信用卡）bookingsCalls are answered BOX OFFICE 01789 295623 9am-8pm（Mon-Sat） 0541 541051（24hours，7days，nobookingcharge） BYFAX For credit card bookingsPlease allow at least 48 hours for reply，if required BOX OFFICE 01789 261974 or 01862 387765 BY POST Please enclose（附上）a cheque or credit card details together with an SAE or add 50p to the total amount（总额）to cover postagePlease send to the Box Office，RST，Stratford-upon-Avon，CV376BB Booking opens for all other plays on19 September IN PERSON BOX OFFICE RST hall，9：30am-8pm（Mon-Sat） （6pmwhen theatres are closed） OVER SEAS BOOKING The easiest method of payment is by credit card You can also pay by：Eurocheque（up to￡500）you’re your card number written on the back PAYING FOR YOUR TICKETS CREDIT CARDS We accept Visa，Master Card，American Express and Diners ClubPlease give the card number，name and address of card holder CHEQUES Cheques and postal orders should be payable to：Royal Shakespeare Theatre 1In which of the following ways of booking does one probably have to pay extra money？ AIn personBBy telephoneCBy faxDBy post 2One has to wait for 2 days or longer for a reply if he/she pays Ain person Bby telephone Cby fax Dby post 3What is a useful number to call at 11 amSunday？ A01789 295623 B0541 541051 衫衡橘C01789 261174 D01862 387665 解析：本篇旨在考查学生的英语实用能力。标题是如何订票。先大致浏览一下小标题，然后即可看问题，并迅速找到要查找信息的相拦喊应位置。 1问哪一种订票方式可能会有附加费用。答案为D依据是文中BYPOST项下有or add 50p to the total amount to cover postage（或者是在订票费总额上再加上50便士的邮资）这样一句。 2问以哪种方式付费必须等两天或更长时间才可以得到答复。答案是CBYFAX项下有Please allow at least 48 hours for reply，if required 3问星期天上午11点可以打哪个电话号码。在第一个BOXOFFICE项下可找到答案B0541541051（24hours，7days）。另一号码01789295623根据信息9am-8pm（Mon-Sat），星期天不可用。而选项C和D中的号码是FAX号码。所以，正确答案为B项。 [例2]BDU dailycn/b DAILY LAUNCHES B D U BUSINESS DAILY UPDATE Want to keep abreast（赶得上）of the dynamic pulse（有力的脉博）of ’s economy？ Get a glance at the most important business activities taking place here every day through Business Daily Update，a service offered by Daily information via the World Wide Web Placed under 10 categories，over 25 news items appear each day with the top three event high lighted all in English Business Daily update is just a few mouse clicks away Subscribe to BDU for an annual fee of US$ 240E-mail and fax services are also available upon request For more information，please contact Business Daily Update： Tel：（010）64941107，（010）64924488ext2000；Fax： 86-10-64941125 Email： [email protected] Url： 1If>dailycn/b 1If you get into BDU，you can ____ Afind out everything in Bget the most important business information in the world Cget the information about the latest business activities taking place in Dget all the information in Daily 2This adWill be very helpful to ____ Aforeign businesspeople Bforeign travelers CChinese people D Daily reporters 3To get the information from BDU everyday，you must____ Aunderst and Chinese Bknow something about the mouse Cknow how to operate a puter Dhowtouseafaxmachine 4If you have dailycn/b，you can get in touch with BDU by ____ Atelephone Bfax CE-mail Dinternet 答案及解析： 1C由题目下面的“BUSINESS DAILY UPDATE”和文章内容的第二段第一句可知，正确答案为C项。 2A由第一自然段中的“……’s economy（中国的经济）”可知，是对外国企业、商人而言的，如果对国内企业，其表达方式为：our country’s economy 3从第二自然段的Via the World Wide Web（通过万维网）可知，是从计算机上获取信息。因此正确答案是C 4D因为本题题干给出的是网址（http），所以通过上因特网与BDU联系。而C项的E-mail地址在短文中给出了，而本题题干没有涉及。
⑤ 英语阅读题中如何判断这篇文章是出自广告、报纸、杂志
做英语阅读题首先要了解 英语报刊、杂志、广告的特点
一般广告的话 语言会比较简洁鲜明，有亮点以达到宣传认可的作用 含有这类文字的文章一般是广告
报刊的话 时事性比较强，分不同的版块，在阅读中采用的报刊类文章一般以政治、生活为主
总的来说报刊和杂志本质上没有什么差别 一般来讲杂志 就是涵括了生活的各个层面，更加贴近幕后 的一些东西
⑥ 2021高考英语全国乙卷阅读理解D篇优劣辨析
2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试D篇
原文链接：
https://hbr.org/2017/10/why-you-can-focus-in-a-coffee-shop-but-not-in-your-open-office
2021全国乙卷D篇文本
During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction(干扰) in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street —so I can focus. "His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout (布局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels(分贝),70 decibels, and 85decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however,the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop-significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise—not too loud and not total silence—may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of"distracted focus"appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
32. Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space?
A. It helps him concentrate.
B. It blocks out background noise.
C. It has a pleasant atmosphere.
D. It encourages face-to-face interactions.
33. Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability?
A. Total silence.
B. 50 decibels.
C. 70 decibels.
D. 85 decibels.
34. What makes an open office unwelcome to many people?
A. Personal privacy unprotected.
B. Limited working space.
C. Restrictions on group discussion.
D. Constant interruptions.
35.What can we infer about the author from the text?
A. He's a news reporter. B. He’s on office manager.
C. He's a professional designer. D. He's a published writer.
答案：ACDD
解读：
文章大意：办公环境“噪音”对环境当中的“人的大脑”的影响。“带入式”噪音和“非带入式噪音”是有差别的。文本词数：394。
本文本因为对原文进行了大量的删减。所以可以看出删除部分包含以文章main idea为核心的相关research, 也就是缺少了连贯的科学研究过程的阐述，且以作者第一人称来叙述，研究并非作者亲自参与，所以文章style属于叙事体，高考当中的文本体裁趋近界定为nonfiction范畴的类科普说明文（事实上是缺少科普文所应该具备的要素的）。
文章当中有一个关键信息词汇coworking space。
拓展信息：
联合办公（共享办公）是一种为降低办公室租赁成本的办公模式，来自不同公司的个人在联合办公空间中共同工作，在特别设计和安排的办公空间中共享办公环境，彼此独立完成各自项目。同样的，其应该具有以下四个要素：轻服务——免费提供公共办公空间、网络、茶水、打印、安保服务等够灵活——即租即用，租期灵活，领包入住分割式——一个办公场地被划分为许多小块，按照自身需求寻找相应共享式——来自不同公司的个人共享一个办公环境，更加强调空间与人之间的连接。国内的联合办公行业，各品牌已经开始有自己较为明晰对的定位和细分客群， 优客工场和氪空间拥有现如今国内最大的空间数量以及经营面积，主张便捷高效的办公理念，在引入多元化投资机构的同时，已逐步完成了自身生态圈体系的搭建。
2.1第一段当中During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction(干扰) in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street —so I can focus. "His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout (布局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
本段命题人对原文有一定的改编，首句起到一个引入主题的作用，但对文章整体核心信息并没有密切的关联性，所以篇章首句并非都是文本信息具有main idea 有提示作用的关键句（如很多文本解读所述）。整体看，第一段内容属于中式思维改编，具有一定的跳跃性，但整体信息可以理解。第一段最后两句的转折从信息摄入角度看，因信息不足显得牵强。此处，命题人命制了第一题：
32. Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space?
A. It helps him concentrate.
B. It blocks out background noise.
C. It has a pleasant atmosphere.
D. It encourages face-to-face interactions.
其实本题的信息提示点遍布全文。只要读懂全文，回答这个问题就比较容易。但是仅仅从第一段信息来看，试题的答案的文本信息支持是不足的。而本文当中如本题题干提示题境的the interviewer的选择仅仅在第一段中提到，因此判断其相关性很牵强。作为考试题答案选择A。第一段最后一句是一个过渡句，引起下文提到的研究。但是命题人改编删减后，下文提到的研究所表述的内容和原文的核心信息发生了偏离，同时“开放办公环境”和“联合/共享区域办公”的差异性没有体现出来。使得文章主体信息发生了偏离。但是不影响做题。
2.2文本第二段：The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels(分贝),70 decibels, and 85decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however,the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop-significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.
但在70分贝噪音环境中（和咖啡厅里的噪音水平非常接近）的那一组在创造性思维测试中的表现是远超过其它组的表现的。此外，我们的创造性思维水平在完全安静的环境中和在85分贝的背景噪音环境中其实并没有多大差别。此处阐述研究发现人们工作环境的噪音分贝对人们创造性思维的影响。信息直观陈述。下一题：33. Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability?
Total silence. B. 50 decibels. C. 70 decibels. D. 85 decibels. 因为题干信息提示非常具体—— promote creative thinking ability，回读文章however,the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop-significantly outperformed the other groups.既可以选择答案为C。此处，从做题角度需要考生读懂几个关键数字（分贝）相关联的信息。上句是一个复杂巨，把破折号部分去掉，理解outperform基本就可以理解此处信息点，选择正确答案。
2.3 文本第三段和第四段
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise—not too loud and not total silence—may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of"distracted focus"appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
这两段信息也是经过命题人以自己的思维模式删减改编的。整体上已经偏离了原文所要传递的科学规范的逻辑思路和信息。变成了命题人自己的thoughts。所以从文章精准信息传递上比较欠缺严谨性。第三段所表达的内容基本属于相关研究结果。属于对“开放式办公环境”噪音影响思维的一个研究作证，但并非是“开放式”办公环境思维能力受干扰的直接相关因素。直接因素是：熟悉环境下人们交谈等内容对听者所引发的代入感才是真正的“干扰”。此处命题：
34. What makes an open office unwelcome to many people?
A. Personal privacy unprotected.
B. Limited working space.
C. Restrictions on group discussion.
D. Constant interruptions.
题干提示下的四个备选答案ABC三个选项在文中基本没有出现相关信息。只有D可以被选为正确答案。此题的问题在于背离真实科学信息而设立的情境。那么这种阅读理解以及阅读理解考查就是虚假的理解测评。
35.What can we infer about the author from the text?
A. He's a news reporter. B. He’s on office manager.
C. He's a professional designer. D. He's a published writer.
最后一个题目设置的比较头重脚轻，需要回到文章首句。基本就可以选择答案了。这个题目从测试目标看效果不太理想。
总结：本文内容特色提及了关于“人脑对于噪音”的影响反应。属于科普知识。但是文章语境涉及的是办公环境，是学生所不熟悉的信息。与学生生活学习相关性不大。同时，此类研究并非学术界主流话题研究，非热点话题。文章经过删减改变后信息传递发生了本质变化，违背了传递真实信息的原则，也就是，读者摄取的可能是不真实的信息。这是本文文本所变现的问题。本篇高考阅读理解难度从考场答题角度来说属于中等或中等偏下。题目设置以及干扰项并非很完整。
A few years ago, ring a media interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still ponder often. Ranting about the level of distraction in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street — so I can focus.”
While I fully support the backlash against open offices, the comment struck me as odd. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout.
But I recently came across a series of studies examining the effect of sound on the brain that reveals why his strategy works.
From previous research, we know that workers’ primary problem with open or cubicle-filled offices is the unwanted noise.
But new research shows that it may not be the sound itself that distracts us…it may be who is making it. In fact, some level of office banter in the background might actually benefit our ability to do creative tasks, provided we don’t get drawn into the conversation. Instead of total silence, the ideal work environment for creative work has a little bit of background noise. That’s why you might focus really well in a noisy coffee shop, but barely be able to concentrate in a noisy office.
One study, published in the Journal of Consumer Research, found that the right level of ambient noise triggers our minds to think more creatively. The researchers, led by Ravi Mehta of the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking.
Participants were randomized into four groups and everyone was asked to complete a Remote Associates Test (a commonly used measurement that judges creative thinking by asking test-takers to find the relationship between a series of words that, as first glance, appear unrelated). Depending on the group, participants were exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group (those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop) significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking doesn’t differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise — the equivalent of a loud garbage disposal or a quiet motorcycle. Since none of us presumably want to work next to a garbage disposal or motorcycle, I found this surprising.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise — not too loud and not total silence — may actually boost one’s creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may disrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This type of “distracted focus” appears to be the optimal state for working on creative tasks. As the authors write, “Getting into a relatively noisy environment may trigger the brain to think abstractly, and thus generate creative ideas.”
In another study, researchers used frontal lobe electroencephalographic (EEG) machines to study the brain waves of participants as they completed tests of creativity while exposed to various sound environments. The researchers found statistically significant changes in creativity scores and a connection between those scores and certain brain waves. As in the previous study, a certain level of white noise proved the ideal background sound for creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The quiet chatter of colleagues and the gentle thrum of the HVAC should help us focus. The problem may be that, in our offices, we can’t stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations or from being interrupted while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the EEG researchers found that face-to-face interactions, conversations, and other disruptions negatively affect the creative process. By contrast, a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of ambient noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
Taken together, the lesson here is that the ideal space for focused work is not about freedom from noise, but about freedom from interruption. Finding a space you can hide away in, regardless of how noisy it is, may be the best strategy for making sure you get the important work done.
原文翻译：
相信很多人都有这样的感受：在很吵的咖啡厅能够非常专注地工作，但在开放式的办公室却很难做到专注。究竟为什么会出现这种现象呢？研究表明，适当水平的环境噪音能激发我们的思维进行更有创造性地思考。让我们在工作中分心的可能并不是噪音本身，而是是谁制造的这些声音。在开放式的办公室，我们通常无法阻止自己被其他人的谈话内容所吸引和带入，或是当我们想集中注意力时却经常被其他人打断和打扰。适合专注工作的理想工作环境并不是没有一点噪音的安静环境，而是一种不会受到他人打断和干扰的环境。
几年前，有一位媒体记者朋友针对我刚出版的一本新书对我做了一次专访，专访期间，这位媒体记者说的一段让我至今都经常思考的话。他说，他所在的开放式办公环境的噪音让他非常容易分心，对此他已经忍无可忍，于是他在公司办公楼街对面的一个联合办公空间办了一个会员，他在那里能更加专注地工作。
开放式的办公环境的各种噪音容易让人分心，对于这一点我非常认同，也深有体会。但是这位记者朋友说到的联合办公空间能够让他更加专注地工作，这一点却让我很难理解。毕竟联合办公空间通常采用的也是开放式的办公布局。
但是最近当我看了一系列研究声音对大脑的影响方面的文章后，我才开始理解为什么我的那位媒体朋友为了能专注地工作而选择在联合办公空间工作而不愿在自己的开放式办公室工作。
根据之前的研究，我们知道，开放式办公环境让大家最头疼的一个问题就是有各种大家不想听到的噪音。
但是最新的研究发现，让我们在工作中分心的可能并不是声音本身，而是是谁制造的这些声音。实际上，适度的办公室幽默和闲言笑语对我们完成一些创造性的工作是有帮助的，只要我们自己不被这种闲言笑语带进去就行。适合创造性工作的理想工作环境其实并不是那种一点噪音都没有的绝对安静的环境，而是有那种有适度水平的背景噪音的环境。这也是为什么你能够在一个有点吵的咖啡厅里专注工作，而在一个嘈杂的办公室里却很难集中精力工作。
《消费者研究周刊》发布的一份研究报告显示，适当水平的环境噪音能激发我们的思维进行更有创造性地思考。伊利诺伊大学香槟分校的Ravi Mehta教授带领一些研究人员做了这样一项研究：研究了不同水平的噪音是如何影响那些正在进行创造性思维测试的研究对象的。
研究对象被随机分为四组，每个人都被要求完成一项远距离联想测试（注：研究创造力问题的一种测验方法。通常，提供几个相隔较远的词组，猜测它们共同的关联词。如，“盐 、 深 、 沫”，它的关联词是“海”。创造性思考是将联想得来的元素重新整合的过程。新结合的元素相互之间联想的距离越远，这个思维的过程或问题的解决就更有创造力。有创造力的人的联想不同于一般人。有创造力的人他们有广泛的联想，一个元素可以与许多其他元素连接；而一般人的元素连接则比较少）。以组为单位，我们会为研究对象在测试过程中设置不同水平的噪音，从完全的静音到50分贝、70分贝和85分贝的噪音。大部分分组之间的差异其实并不是太大，但在70分贝噪音环境中（和咖啡厅里的噪音水平非常接近）的那一组在创造性思维测试中的表现是远超过其它组的表现的。此外，我们的创造性思维水平在完全安静的环境中和在85分贝的背景噪音环境中其实并没有多大差别。
因为在70分贝的噪音环境中的那一组的研究对象在创造性思维测试中的表现明显好于其它组，因此研究认为，恰当水平的背景噪音（噪音不是太大，也不太过安静）实际上是有助于提高一个人的创造性思维能力的。恰当水平的背景噪音可能会打乱我们正常的思维模式，使我们的想象力得以漫游，但又不至于会让我们无法集中注意力。这种“分心式的专注”能够让我们以最佳状态完成创造性任务。正如作者所写的的那样：“在一个相对嘈杂的环境中可能会刺激我们的大脑进行更加抽象性地思考，从而产生创造性的想法。”
在另一项研究中，当研究对象在不同水平的噪音环境下完成创造性思维测试的时候，研究人员使用额叶脑电图（EEG）机器来研究研究对象的脑电波。研究人员发现，研究对象的创造性思维的表现分数在不同噪音环境下的变化是非常大的，同时还发现这个分数与特定的脑电波是有紧密联系的。和此前的研究结果一样，一定水平的白噪音环境是完成创造性任务的理想环境。
所以问题来了：为什么我们中的大部分人都讨厌在开放式的办公室里办公呢？同事们之间小声安静的交谈和空调系统制造的柔和声音应该是能帮助我们集中注意力的。但问题是，在我们所处的开放式办公室里，我们通常无法阻止自己被其他人的谈话内容所吸引和带入，或是当我们想集中注意力时却经常被其他人打断和打扰。事实上，脑电图研究人员发现，面对面的交流、交谈和其他干扰会对人们的创造性工作过程产生负面影响。相比之下，联合办公空间或咖啡馆提供了一定程度的陌生环境噪音，同时也能让自己免受他人的打扰，不会有人在你努力集中注意力工作的时候走过来打断你、干扰你。
总的来说，我们通过上述这些研究成果学到的是：适合专注工作的理想工作环境并不是没有一点噪音都没有的决定安静的环境，而是一种不会受到他人打断和干扰的环境。因此，找到一个你可以沉浸进去专注工作的环境，不管这个环境有多嘈杂，这才是确保你能完成重要工作的最佳策略。
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⑦ 高考英语阅读常见词汇
高考英语阅读常见词汇
高考英语命题的趋势是“突出能力，侧重思维”。着重考查学生的观察、分析、对比、联想和判断等思维能力。所以，教学中我们应充分利用课文内容，对学生进行有效的阅读训练，提高其阅读能力。
【常见词汇一】
1、 resolve vt 解决;决定,决意
2、 barrel n 桶
3、 bargain n 便宜货 vi 讨价还价
4、 coarse a 粗的,粗糙的,粗劣的
5、 coach n 教练;长途公共汽车
6、 code n 准则,法规,密码
7、 coil n 线圈 v 卷,盘绕
8、 alt n 成年人
9、 advertise v 为做广告
10、 advertisement n 广告
11、 agency n 代理商,经销商
12、 focus v (使)聚集 n 焦点,中心,聚焦
13、 forbid vt 不许,禁止
14、 debate n/v 辩论,争论
15、 debt n 欠债
16、 decade n 十年
17、 enclose vt 围住;把装入信封
18、 encounter vt/n 遭遇,遭到
19、 globe n 地球,世界;地球仪
20、 global a 全球的;总的
21、 scan vt 细看;扫描;浏览
22、 scandal n 丑事,丑闻
23、 significance n 意义;重要性
24、 subsequent a 随后的,后来的
25、 virtue n 美德,优点
26、 virtual a 实际上的,事实上的
27、 orient vt 使适应,(to,toward)使朝向 n 东方
28、 particle n 微粒
29、 particularly ad 特别,尤其
30、 respond vi 回答,答复;反应
31、 response n 回答,答复;反应
32、 sensible a 明智的
33、 sensitive a 敏感到,灵敏的
34、 tremble vi 颤抖
35、 tremendous a 巨大的;精彩的
36、 trend n 趋向,倾向
37、 trial n 审讯;试验
38、 apparent a 显然的,明白的
39、 appetite n 胃口;欲望
40、 deposit n 存款,定金 v存放,储蓄
41、 deputy n 副职,代表
42、 derive vt 取得,得到;(from)起源于
43、 descend v 下来,下降
44、 missile n 导弹
45、 mission n 使命;代表团
46、 mist n薄雾
47、 noticeable a 显而易见到
48、 notify vt 通知,告知
49、 notion n 概念;意图,想法
50、 resemble vt 像,类似于
【常见词汇二】
1、 reveal vt 揭露
2、 revenue n 收入,岁入;税收
3、 shelter n 掩蔽处;住所
4、 shield n 防护物,盾 vt 保护,防护
5、 vital a 重要的;致命的,生命的
6、 vitally ad 极度,非常;致命地
7、 urban a 城市的
8、 urge vt 鼓励,激励
9、 urgent a 急迫的,紧急得
10、 usage n 使用,用法
11、 violence n 强力,暴力
12、 violent a 强暴的
13、 violet a 紫色的
14、 weed n 杂草,野草
15、 welfare n 福利
16、 whatsoever ad (用于否定句)任何
17、 whereas conj 然而,但是,尽管
18、 essential a 必不可少的;本质的
19、 estimate n/vt 估计,估量
20、 evaluate vt 评估,评价
21、 exceed vt 超过,越出
22、 exceedingly ad 非常,极其
23、 exclaim v 呼喊,大声说
24、 exclude vt 把排斥在外,不包括
25、 exclusive a 读有的`,排他的
26、 excursion n 远足
27、 flash vi 闪光,闪耀
28、 flee vi 逃走
29、 flexible a 易弯曲的
30、 flock n 羊群,(鸟兽等)一群;一伙人
31、 hardware n 五金器具
32、 harmony n 和谐,融洽
33、 haste n 急速,急忙
34、 hatred n 憎恶,憎恨
35、 incident n 事件,事变
36、 index n 索引,标志
37、 infant n 婴儿
38、 infect v 传染
39、 inferior a 劣等的,次的,下级的
40、 infinite a 无限的
41、 ingredient n 组成部分
42、 inhabitant n 居民
43、 jail n 监狱
44、 jam n 果酱;拥挤,堵塞
45、 jewel n 宝石
46、 joint a连接的;共同的
47、 junior a 年少的;资历较浅的
48、 laser n 激光
49、 launch vt 发动,发起
50、 luxury n 奢侈;奢侈品
51、 magnet n 磁铁,磁体
;⑧ 2018高考英语阅读理解北京卷D篇浅析
首先，文本选自洛杉矶时报http://www.latimes.com/opinion/editorials/la-ed-autonomous-vehicles-planning-20180309-story.html 2018年3月9日发表的名为If we don't plan for them, autonomous vehicles could make our car-dominated transit system even worse的文章。
看原标题可以得出几个信息：1.目前有plan，2.car−dominated transit system是关键问题3.even worse，也就是有前提条件，然后才可能出现某种预期。
这篇阅读理解试题选文的特点是，1.文章是国外主流媒体新近更新的文章，相对于高考日期来说是比较新的。2.题材相对比较前沿——关于无人驾驶汽车。相对来说的新科技话题，具有一定的信息引领性。同时，无人驾驶也是目前比较有争论的话题，所以任何一篇文章都不会完全从某一个角度独立来分析阐述这一现象，除非绝对的专业测评或者技术等视角，普通评论或者描述文章一定都会有或多或少的利弊分析，因为这是未知因素会有所影响的一个话题。本文也不例外，但是本文经过改编后明显把话题倾向性定位在positive 上，整体看不出明显的问题，但是会有对客观事实的微小不尊重。这是从阅读理解试题选文的真实性信息来考虑的。本文读者受众没有刻意的区分和归类以及倾向性，文章也不算纯粹的科普文，属于普通的说事文吧，依然是侧重introce and describe ，因为没有明显的正反观点的对比，文中对比主要体现在现象的比较，所以涉及argumentation 的成分很少。基于此，本文的行文，正常来说要围绕提出问题——分析问题——解决问题来进行。
试卷文本和原文比较有大量删减改编。
首先看改编后的标题Preparing Cities for Robot Cars关键信息定位在preparing cities。但是我们在正文当中是否能够找到关键信息来支持标题核心信息，我认真阅读后，还是不明朗。但是原选文标题比较符合原选文的核心内容。而且此标题从语言角度来说也不好理解，所以标题不做更多解释。
（2018•北京）阅读理解D
标题Preparing Cities for Robot Cars
试题文章第一段
原本想和原文比较一下改动部分，但是改动太大，就省略了吧，很明显感觉改动得不是很好。比如prospect被替换为possibility 这个在理解文本含义上可以理解，但是假如作为精读去点对点分析，就会不如原词汇那么妥帖，我只能用这个词来形容。看prospects词汇解释：
以此例来说明改编的可能的不准确性，文本下面部分的改编的类似问题不再重复说明。
The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. 开篇点“题”，把无人驾驶汽车的现存状态通过一个语义对比句展示出来。告知读者本文是围绕无人驾驶汽车现状的某个问题阐述的。接下来的test，cleared the way 暗示一是有测试环节，二是有相关辅助环节。
California, it should be noted, isn't leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. 这是本文中围绕标题而出现的最重要的关键信息。暗示cities在无人驾驶领域所可能做出的贡献。
But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.
此处有本文的一个题点关键词regulated，提示regulation 对于无人驾驶未来走向的重要性。看48题：
As for driverless cars, what is the author's major concern?
A. Safety.
B. Side effects.
C. Affordability.
D. Management.
题干部分有关键信息词author ，major 所以就限定是本文作者的重点的……关注点，所以需要透彻理解本文所传递的信息是什么，还要结合选项内容来看。同时结合原文看，本文是把safety 部分内容删除掉了，而我们看四个选项事实上都可以，四个选项和客观真实性是保持一致的，至于本试题当中认为限制答案为D，从做题角度会有很多解释，但是这样的试题不严密，且，好的试题不会用major来限定。
第二段
While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also ……段首用了一个暗含转折，实际上是语义的一个侧重“确定”的句子，使用了while …also表达，前后两者都存在，但是此处侧重强调后者的意思。那么也就是说safety 问题是现存的一个相关焦点，但是这里作者想要强调also后面的内容。所以，从全文角度看，经过改编的文本有了作者或者文章态度上的些许不同，本段和原文比较有部分词汇改编删减，但是基本符合要求，没有大的变化。
接下来的内容作者具体描述无人驾驶汽车的优势和特色，包括停车管理，环境保护，以及和出租车公司等相比较的更多的便利，原文提到了优步等出租公司的disadvantageous ，但试题文本有删减，所以个别信息在理解上会觉得有模糊的感觉，不透彻。本段结束。
在此，我们就可以暂停，看试题：
47.According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can __________.
A. help deal with transportation-related problems
B. provide better services to customers
C. cause damage to our environment
D. make some people lose jobs
题干中使用了pay attention to ，而这个题干是完全可以修改成一个更地道的句子的，也可以是问答方式，不是填空式。重点又在author 和attention 来限定信息，也就是可以推测，题目需要做答的是作者在本文中想要表达的观点，那么根据文本内容，c项是可以否定的。abd都不是可以完全限制的信息，也就是都有可能性，只是a项更符合出题人的思路，所以答案是A。
接下来看下一段内容，
Do we want to — or even worsen — the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most alts own indivial self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车) services.
段首一句属于段落衔接句，用设问的形式引出来。一方面提示读者思考，给出自己的思维判断，同时引出下面作者想要陈述的内容，此句看关键词worsen ，也就是说，作者暗示的观点是现有的交通的诸多不利因素，对于无人驾驶汽车来说会是什么样的一种对比分析结果呢？而通过上文中作者的情感态度，大致可以判断，下文作者想要阐述的是如何规避现有交通的不利因素。通过阅读试卷上的文本，我感觉此段信息和句首信息不一致，而且不符合常理，所以我再次查阅原文，因为在手机上编辑，顺便简单截图一下，如下：
通过阅读原文，可以了解，此处被命题人删除掉了，但是此举就完全改变了文章的行文思路和意义的正常表达。因为在提到了无人驾驶汽车的优势以后，作者做了一个imagine ，也就是假想内容，而此假设导致的结果就是满街的无人驾驶汽车，而此句也被命题人删除了，但是这些信息是非常关键的信息，是管理者要解决无人驾驶汽车所要面对的关键问题，删除后，就不能体现初衷含义了，而且阅读时会晦涩，不能够真正表达真实场景。具体语言不做分析解释，接下来看下一段，
A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could rece carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.此段因为删除掉的信息，而会觉得没有自然的过度和衔接。在介绍了环保和降低使用成本等优势以后，作者把话题引到了首批无人驾驶汽车的试用上，
commercially available，almost certainly，technologyas well as liability and maintenance issues，这些词是属于此处的主要信息词，提示下面举措的原因，命题人没有在此处命题，而是避开，命制了一个所谓猜测词义题目。来看试题：
49.What does the underlined word ＂fielded＂ in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Employed.
B. Replaced.
C. Shared.
D. Reced.
根据field所在原文语境，提示，鉴于一些考量首先要把无人驾驶技术应用于叫车服务领域。field在此处取其名词“领域”的动词含义“应用于某一领域”，在此，也就是把车辆服务划分了，可能有：公共交通，私人汽车，叫车服务等等。所以在理解此词的时候需要理解原语境的微妙提示，而不是简单来随意根据主观判断下结论，尽管结论可能也不是太离谱，至少我查了很多词典，没有查到field的英英解释为employ。细节不做分析。继续下一段，
Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn't extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.
最后一段，我们看它的情感态度，一个对未来的期待和展望，是建立在对现有一些问题和技术的解决和确认的基础上的，也就是说，作者的观点态度中规中矩，但最后一句还是表达了对未来无人驾驶汽车的正面期待。结尾段，对整个上文信息做了概括总结，综合了上文信息点。看最后一题：
50.What is the author's attitude to the future of self-driving cars?
A. Doubtful.
B. Positive.
C. Disapproving.
D. Sympathetic.
答案是B。这个不多说，假如发散开来还有很多内容能够阐述。
总结一下：
本题目选自主流外刊，时间比较新，话题比较新。命题人对文本进行了一定量的改动删减，个人认为已经影响了准确和地道信息的传递，这是不太看好的地方。文本语言和结构没有特殊难点，试题命制也没有深度思维理解的题目，所以考虑试题安排难度，应该不是难题范畴。解读本文本相当于外刊解读的一个过程了。所以说高考题目文本精良，和外刊解读和运用分割开来不是一个真命题。我记得16年北京好像也是D篇，也是命题人做了一些删减改编，而使得整个行文不达意，试题缺少信息支持。这是一个不可忽视的命题问题。
没有时间和精力做更精细的分析。
下面是试题原文：
Preparing Cities for Robot Cars
The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn't leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.
While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help rece traffic jams, cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.
Do we want to — or even worsen — the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most alts own indivial self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车) services.
A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could rece carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.
Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn't extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.
47.According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can __________.
A. help deal with transportation-related problems
B. provide better services to customers
C. cause damage to our environment D. make some people lose jobs
48.As for driverless cars, what is the author's major concern?
A. Safety.
B. Side effects.
C. Affordability.
D. Management.
49.What does the underlined word ＂fielded＂ in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Employed.
B. Replaced.
C. Shared.
D. Reced.
50.What is the author's attitude to the future of self-driving cars?
A. Doubtful.
B. Positive.
C. Disapproving.
D. Sympathetic.