高中生英语文学方面阅读理解
反复琢磨错题，根据不同题型总结做题思路，可以和其他同学讨论一下思路。比如细节理解题需要找到对应的原文，理解原文的深层含义；文章主旨题应当从全局把握文章大意，每个选项都要斟酌对比，选择最贴切的或者最不片面的。
高中英语阅读理解怎么做才能提高
词汇是语言的三大要素之一，更是阅读理解的基石。我们在阅读理解时所遇到的首要问题是词语障碍，没有一定的词汇量作基础，就谈不上理解能力的提高。有语言学家通过调查发现，外语学习者如拥有5000词汇量，阅读正确率可达56%，词汇量达到6400，阅读正确率可达63%。因此，熟练掌握课本单词，适量扩充课外词汇是提高阅读能力的基础。
高中英语阅读理解水平提高方法
1.克服不良的阅读习惯。
有些同学在阅读时存在着不少的陋习，如：视野狭窄，一次只看一个单词；用手指着单词，逐个阅读；只理解单词的个别意思，不注意惯用短语、词组的意思；一遇到生词就查字典；为了弄清楚某个意思，反复地阅读前面内容等等。这些不良习惯势必会影响思维的连贯性，造成顾此失彼的结果，对阅读材料缺乏整体性的理解。
2.限时阅读训练。
限时阅读是根据所读材料的内容难度、长度，并参照大纲对各年级读速的要求对该材料的阅读时间予以限定。例如：约250字的材料限定5分钟左右。控制时间有利于挖掘学生的阅读能力，迫使学生争分夺秒，专心致志于阅读。
3.寻找主题句，理解重点把握全文。
大多数阅读材料均有主题句，用以说明文章的主旨，其他文字一般是围绕主题句展开说明的。有的主题句在文章的开头，有的在文章的结尾，还有的主题句在文章的中间出现。阅读时若能把握住这些句子，无疑会大大提高阅读速度和理解效果。一般地说，运用演绎法的文章，主题句往往在文章的开头；采用归纳法的文章，主题句一般在结尾。
B. 如何提高高三学生英语阅读理解能力
1.
能理解阅读材料中不同的观点和态度；
2.
能识别不同文体的特征；
3.
能通过分析句子结构理解难句和长句；
4.
能在教师的帮助下欣赏浅显的文学作品；
5.
能根据学习任务的需要从电子读物或网络中获取信息并进行加工处理；
6.
除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到
36
万词以上。
那么作为老师我们应该怎样帮助学生提高阅读理解能力呢？
首先，在课文教学进行到这一环节，要充分利用课文这一语言载体来提高学生的阅读能力，
还要对课文进行进一步地挖掘，进入精读阶段。首先要对课文中的长句、难句进行详细地讲解。
长句难句中往往包含较多的从句和较为复杂的语法结构，
是理解中的难点，
学生对这些句子往往
是囫囵吞枣，
甚至理解错误。
我结合语法教学，
通过分析句子结构对新出现的语法现象进行详尽
地说明，
对英语中的一些固定句型和习惯搭配引导学生用英语进行思维，
从整体上加以理解，
而
不仅仅是字对字的翻译。通过长期的训练，帮助学生搬开这些阅读理解中的绊脚石。
其次，在阅读教学过程中，不仅要指导学生理解字面上的意义，还要引导学生去体会文章的
内涵，
理解作者从字里行间传达出的思想，
从而把握作者的写作目的及对所述事物的态度。
除此
之外，比较不同体裁作品的特点，介绍各种修辞手法，都是阅读教学中不可缺少的内容。学生进
入高年级之后，我还把教学要求从理解提高到欣赏的高度，特别是学习经典篇目和文学作品时，
指出文章的精华所在，培养学生对英语文学作品的鉴赏能力。
第三，
朗读是提高阅读能力的有效方法之一。
只有在深刻理解了阅读材料的内容和内涵之后，
才能读得流畅，读得有感情。通过朗读，进一步加深对所读材料的理解和记忆，
达到自我欣赏和
感染他人的境界。因此，我要求学生早自习大声朗读课文，
课堂上也给学生朗读课文的机会，
遇
到剧本、小说等课文，我会让学生分角色朗读或表演，这样既提高了学生的阅读能力，
对提高了
他们的口头表达能力，增强英语语感，
初步体会英语的音韵美、
节奏美，
有利于培养学习英语的
兴趣。对于特殊优美的文段或经典的语句，
我要求学生背诵，让他们达到铭记在心，
出口成章的
境界。
第四，仅仅精读课文远远不能达到提高阅读能力的目的，所以课外阅读是必不可少的。老师
要注重对学生的课外阅读进行指导，
帮助学生选择适合他们英语程度又有趣味的阅读材料，
使他
们看得明白，读得有趣。可以建议学生订阅英语课外辅导报，推荐他们阅读《快乐英语》等课外
书籍，
耐心解答他们在课外阅读中遇到的问题。
通过课外阅读，
学生们增加了知识，
拓展了视野，
提高了人文素养。
总之，英语阅读能力的提高是一个长期的，循序渐进的过程，不可能一蹴而就。作为英语教
师，
我一定把
《英语课程标准》
中对高中学生阅读能力的培养目标牢记在心，
通过各种教学实践，
逐步达到这一目标，
切实提高学生的阅读能力，
为他们今后进一步学习和运用英语打下坚实的基
础。
C. 怎样提高高中生英语阅读理解能力
教育部最新颁布的《英语课程标准》(实验稿)将英语定为基础教育的必修课，对高中毕业生阅读能力的要求是:1能识别不同文体的特征;2能通过分析句子结构理解难句和长句;3.能理解阅读材料中不同的观点和态度;4.能根据学习任务的需要从多种媒体中获取信息并进行加工处理;5.能在教师的帮助下欣赏浅显的英语文学作品;6.除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到36万词以上。那么，作为老师的我们应该怎样帮助学生提高阅读理解的能力呢?一、高度重视阅读课的教学整体教学，指导学生对课文进行多层次地阅读。阅读课教学一般经过下面几个层次:第一步，略读或粗读(skimming):粗略地阅读全篇，从整体上了解课文的大意和轮廓及作者意图。第二步，精读(Intensive neading):找每一段落的主题句，抓细节，猜词义等细节活动。在此过程中，教师应注意提醒学生运用已有的知识或生活经验对文中信息进行逻辑推理和分析判断，帮助学生掌握课文的段落结构，分析各段之间的逻辑关系，使学生准确理解人物性格、事实原因、事物发展规律、作者的观点以及文章字里行间的深层含义。
D. [培养高中生英语阅读理解能力的策略] 英语阅读理解策略
【摘 要】培养阅读理解能力是中学英语教学的目的之一，也是高考英语测试的重点。本文首先分析了阅读理解的重要性和学生阅读能力的现状，然后从三方面论述了怎样提高阅读理解能力，最后分析了阅读理解题型及解题技巧。
【关键词】阅读理解；重要性；策略
一、阅读理解的重要性
1.阅读是学习、获得语言知识的重要途径
阅读是语言学习的重要手段，通过的阅读我们不仅能够获得大量的词汇、语法、句型，而且能够积累强化巩固语言知识，了解世界，拓宽知识面，培养我们的思维能力，提高我们的修养。
2.阅读理解是我国英语考试的重要组成部分
阅读理解能力的测试已经成为英语考试试题的重要内容。阅读理解在整个考卷中占有很大的比重，篇幅多，篇幅长，内容难。因此，如果不具备一定的阅读速度、能力、技巧和方法，那么将很难在英语考试中取得满意的成绩。
二、影响高中生阅读理解能力的因素
1.没有良好的阅读习惯
主要是在阅读的过程中出现默念、小声阅读、手指着阅读、翻译、查词过多、语法分析、注重语言细节、“一步三回头”等等，这些都阻碍了对文章的整体把握和理解，严重的影响了阅读速度和效率。
2.阅读方法不妥当
机械式阅读，分离式阅读。
3.缺乏正确的逻辑推理能力
根据经验常识来判断，以点带面，以偏概全。
三、提高阅读理解能力的策略
1.增加词汇量
一个人阅读水平的高低，在很大程度上取决于他词汇量的大小，词汇量丰富了，在阅读中就不会遇到障碍，就不会阻碍我们的阅读，不会影响我们对文章的理解。对于学生来说，首先要掌握大纲词汇3500多，然后适当再增加些词汇。所以，准确的识别词汇并理解其含义是提高阅读理解能力的必要条件。
2.巩固语法知识
提高英语语言能力的另一个方面就是要巩固语法知识。孤立的单词不可能准确地表达完整的意义。词要通过语法规则的支配，构成一个规范的句子，才能表达一定的意思，传达一定的信息。一篇文章是由段落组成的，段落又是由句子组成的，句子是表达意义的基本单位。一篇文章不管以何种形式出现，都必须合乎语法，并做到语义连贯、合乎逻辑。
3.培养良好的阅读习惯
考试中的阅读理解部分测试的目的是：“测试考生通过阅读获取信息的能力，既要求理解准确，又要有一定的阅读速度。”要提高阅读理解能力，就要养成良好的阅读习惯。 许多考生平时阅读时常有以下不良的阅读习惯： 用手、笔指着文章，一个单词一个单词地读。受平时朗读课文的影响，阅读时必须读出声来才能理解。在阅读的过程中，不断地进行单词、短语、句子的翻译，通过翻译成母语来理解文意。还有一遇到生词或不熟悉的短语，便返回到句首或段首重新阅读。
这些阅读习惯，不仅妨碍了考生的阅读速度，而且影响了考生对文章的准确理解。因此，学生要尽量避免这些常者毁规的错误，从整体上掌握文章的含义和深层含义，并培养利用文字信息进行推断的能力和就语篇内部逻辑进行联系的能力。
4.掌握几种阅读方法
（1）泛读法
“泛读”是指以尽可能快的速度进行阅读，要学会“抓关键，跳障碍”的技巧。了解文章的大意，找出文章的中心思想的关键就是要学会找主题句——概括全段中心思想的句子，然后把每段的主题句的意思综合起来，就能掌握文章的中心思想了。
（2）寻读法
“寻读”是指有目的地到文章中查找某些特定的信息，也就是说，在通过泛读对文章有所了解后，到文章中去查找与某一问题有关的信息，寻找解题的可靠依据。
（3）精读法
“精读”就是仔细地阅读，以求获得具体的信息，对文章有深层次的理解。主首敏备要是指围绕文章后面的问题进行细读，包括理解支持主题句的细节，根据作者的意图和中心思想进行推论，借助语法知识对涉及问题的难句、长句进行分析，力争达到准确地理解，根据上下文猜测词义等。
四、把握阅读理解几种常见题型及解题技巧
在考试中主要有以下几种题型。主旨判断题，这类题目考查学生判断、分析、概括文章拿野的主旨和大意的能力。 内容细节题，这类题目考查学生理解用以阐述主旨的事实和有关细节的能力。 推理判断题， 这类题目考查学生理解上下文之间的逻辑关系并根据所读材料进行一定的判断、推理和引申的能力。猜测词义题， 这类题目考查学生依据上下文理解、推断词汇或句子的意思的能力。
考生应知道一些行之有效的基本的解题技巧。首先，阅读题干，即问题。 这样在阅读文章之前就能通过题干对文章有一个初步的了解，而且在下一步阅读时可以针对问题找答案，减少了盲目性。 其次，快读掌握大意，不必纠缠于细节。这样在第一步的基础上迅速理解文章，这是选出正确答案的前提。第三，阅读题目及其选项，寻找相关之处并预选答案。可在文中相应处作些符号。最后，带着问题略读原文，确认答案。
总之，英语语篇阅读理解能力的提高，是一个渐进的过程。同学们在掌握了基本的语言知识和正确的阅读方法的基础上，一定要多读书，以扩大知识面，这对提高英语阅读理解能力会有很大的帮助。在平时的阅读训练中要规定出完成每篇的时间，对阅读训练，一定要做到持之以恒。篇幅不要很多，但要天天有，天天读，读后思考，决不轻易放过不懂的词、句或段，彻底弄懂，并做读后小结。只要坚持下去，就一定取得进步。
【参考文献】
[1]《全日制普通高级中学英语教学大纲》
[2]王宝林 马春燕.浅谈如何提高英语阅读理解能力[J].时代文学，2009(7)
（作者单位：安徽省五河县第二中学）
E. [高中英语文学名著阅读教学的探究] 高中英语阅读材料
摘 要：《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》要求高中学生课外阅读量要达到30万词以上，并且能在教师的帮助下欣赏浅显的英语文学作品。为了达到这一要求，教师有必要引导学生开展英语文学名著阅读。本文结合笔者对英语文学名著阅读教学的尝试与实践，阐述了开展高中英语名著课外阅读的意义、实施名著阅读的教学策略以及教学中需要注意的问题。
关键词：英语文学名著阅读；教学策略；阅读技能；语言运用能力
中图分类号：G632 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1002-7661（2012）17-171-03
一、引言
近几年全国各地的高考试卷中的阅读理解、完形填空经常节选自名篇名著。2012年福建高考阅读题中也出现名著节选。这引起许多一线英语教师对名著阅读的热议和探究。
《普通高中英语课程标准（实验稿）》（以下简称“《新课标》”）在阅读语言技能目标中明确的要求：除教材外，六级课外阅读量应累计达到18万词以上；七级23万词以上；八级30万词以上。并且能在教师的帮助下欣赏浅显的英语文学作品。要达到新课标的要求，仅靠课本学习是难以实现的，必须进行大量的课外阅读。然而，在多年的教学实践中，笔者发现大部分学生的英语课外阅读非常有限。大多集中在英语课堂教学上和部分家庭作业中，除此以外，他们几乎很少接触课外阅读，更不谈英语文学作品的阅读与欣赏。因此，为实施《课标》，扩大学生的阅读量，提高学生阅读技能，探索一条新的更有利的课外阅读途径----开展英语文学名著阅读成为高中英语教师需要探究和解决的问题。
二、开展英语文学名著阅读的意义
文学名著是人类文化的精粹，是人类宝贵的精神财富，它历经风雨沧桑的考验，承载着人类的文化和历史。它的价值在于典范语言的熏陶，在于心灵的滋养，在于对人类精神的终极关怀。当然，英语文学名著亦是如此。因此，开展英语文学名著阅读不仅对《新课标》的实施，而且对学生个人的发展都具有积极的意义。
1．有助于拓宽学生的视野，激发学生的阅读欲望，提升学生的英文素养
大部分现行教材所选择的语言材料和所设计的语言情景，力求真实，尽可能反映学生的实际生活并且要兼顾教学的可操作性和承载语言的基穗升本知识，因此英语名著极少被选入教材，形成了一个课堂教学无法弥补的空白，因而学生也丧失了真实阅读的机会。所以，英语名著阅读是对现行教材的有益补充，它扩大了学生的阅读范围，增加了阅读量，拓宽了学生的视野。
英语名著的题材广泛，故事引人人胜，语言流畅生动，意味深长，引人深思，给人启迪，有助于打开学生兴趣的大门。
英语名著具体综合而且真实地反映了英语国家的文化传统、风土人情、历史发展、哲学思想等。因此，阅读英语文学名著还有助于学生更好地了解英美国家的语言和文化，从而培养学生跨文化意识和文化交际能力，提升学生的英文素养。
2、有助于巩固学生的语言基本知识，提高学生的读写能力，增强学生的语言运用能力
首先，开展英语原著阅读可以巩固学生语言基本知识。在阅读英语原著过程中学生够频繁的接触各种词汇、句型和语言现象，文学作品所提供的语境也使得单词、词组以迹族冲及句法更容易理解、记忆。学生在不知不觉中不仅可以记住这些词汇而且熟悉了它们的用法，还能熟练地掌握英语句型的变化。一些学生自发也发出“在文章中背单词效率更高，记得更牢，更清楚用法”的感姿歼慨。
其次，开展英语原著阅读提高学生的阅读技能。笔者发现很多学生在平常的高考阅读训练中喜欢逐字逐句通读全文，过分关注生词，甚至一遇到生词就拿起手机开始翻资料；一遇到长句难句，就回读。这样不但浪费时间，降低了阅读速度，还有可能间断了对整篇阅读内容的理解，甚至失去了继续读下去的兴趣。可是他们在阅读名著的过程中，尤其是在阅读长篇名著时，往往急于了解故事发展的情节，遇到不熟悉的单词，懒得翻资料找，也不再回读 ，有的时候根据上下文语境特别是作品的情节线索，进行推理判断，猜测词义，有的时候他们干脆“不理它”，久而久之他们在无形中学会了“学会猜词”、“略读”和“跳读”等重要的阅读技能。笔者还发现学生还会根据书本中的插图和章节的小标题预测故事的结局，这正是我们要求学生掌握的“预测”的阅读技能。
再次，开展名著阅读丰富学生的写作技巧，提高写作能力。古今中外名著都是语言巨匠用提炼加工而成的规范化的语言写成的，阅读名著可以帮助我们更好地丰富语汇，了解更多的句式和修辞手法，如明喻、暗喻、排比、夸张等。在小说《红字》中，霍桑就运用了他所擅长的象征手法。一个红字“A ”就有各种各样的象征意义，如“私通（Altery） ”“天使（ Ange1）” “才干 （Ability）”等。名著中还有很多成语、俗语、谚语和歇后语有着经久不衰的魅力，阅读后如果能灵活地运用于自己的写作中，显然能提高文章的语言表达能力，让人耳目一新。正所谓“腹有诗书气自华”，阅读积累到了一定阶段，自然会厚积薄发，写作水平也会随之出现质的飞跃。
3．有助于促进高中学生正确的人生观世界观的形成，提高学生的人文素养
高中三年正是学生形成基本的世界观、人生观的阶段。面对普遍浮躁的社会，面对鱼目混珠的网络文化和影视文化，承载着人类最基本的价值观念和文化取向的经典名著无疑在引导学生明辨是非、扬善惩恶，提倡健康向上，奋斗不息，宣扬文明道德，提倡人文关怀等方面起着独树一帜的积极作用。英语文学名著让学生亲身感受和直接体验原生态的英语语言同时，又潜移默化的熏陶着学生，感染着学生，使学生产生情感上的共鸣、心灵上的震撼，思想上的碰撞、精神上的对话。在这种独特的心灵体验中，学生的性情得以陶冶，人格得以塑造，精神得以升华，道德品质得以提高，正确的人生观世界观得以形成，进而学生的人文素养得到了提高。比如他们在阅读《简爱》时，能明白“人生的价值等于尊严和真爱”；他们阅读《鲁滨逊漂流记》时，能体会到鲁滨逊的勇于进取，顽强坚毅和不屈不挠的进取精神；他们读《老人与海》时，能感受“人可以失败，但不可以被击败，外在的肉体可以接受折磨，但是内在的意志却是神圣不可侵犯的”的硬汉精神。
F. 急需适合高中生的英语阅读理解题。
A traveller was once staying in a village of another country. One day, she held uo her camera to take pictures of the children at paly. Suddenly the young ones began to shout in protest.
The traveller’s face turned red and she said she was sorry to the leader for what she was doing, and told him she had forgotten that people in some places thought a peraon would lose his soul if his picture were taken. She explained to him the operation of a camera for a long time. Several times the leader tried to say something, but he couldn’t.
When she was sure she had put the leader’s fear to reat, the traveller then let him speak. With a smile, he said,” children were trying to tell you that you forgot to take off the lens cap!”
1. The children shouted when the traveller was taking pictures of them because ______.
A. they didn’t want to have their pictures taken
B. the traveller was not operating her camera well
C. they didn’t want to stop playing
D. the traveller forgot to take off the cap on her head
2.The traveller said that she was sorry to the leader because ______.
A. she thought it was not right to take people’s pictures without telling them beforehand
B .the children would lose their souls
C. she had stayed in the village too long
D. she didn’t take a picture of the leader first
3. The traveller explained to the leader how to use a camera because ______.
A. the leader wanted to learn how to take pictures
B. she was afraid of the leader
C. she wanted the leader not to worry about what she was doing
D. the leader was very interested in her camera
4. When the head smiled, it was clear that ______.
A. the traveller didn’t let him speak
B. the children wanted to play with her
C. he wanted the traveller to tell him something else
D. the traveller didn’t know what the children meant
5. Which of the following is not true?
A. The leader was afraid that the traveller’s camera would hurt the children.
B. The traveller didn’t understand why the children shouted.
C. The traveller knew something about people in some countries.
D. The children wouldn’t mind if the traveller took pictures of them.
A
It was Sunday. Mrs. Read got up early in the morning. She had some housework to do. After breakfast she had a look at the watch and found it didn’t work. She bought it ten years ago, so she wanted to buy a new one. Her daughter Sue was only four. Her husband was busy with his work that day and nobody looked after the girl, she couldn’t leave her at home. So she took Sue to the nearest shop in the town.
It was fine that day and there were a lot of people in the shop. Mrs. Read and her daughter went upstairs and they got to the third floor and she began to pick a watch there. But when she bought one, she couldn’t find Sue. She ran to the manager’s office and asked for help. Mr. King began to go up and down to look for the little girl with her.
Suddenly the woman heard someone calling, “Kate” She found it was her daughter. How happy she and the girl were!
“Whose name did you call, dear?” asked the woman.
“Yours.”
“Why not call ‘Mother?’”
“There are lots of mothers in the shop,” said the girl. “Which mother answered me?”
( ) 1. Mrs. Read got up early to ______ that Sunday.
A. buy a new watch B. do some housework
C. helped her husband D. take her daughter to the shop
( ) 2. Mrs. Read went to the nearest shop because ______.
A. she hoped to go back soon B. she know the manager there
C. the things were cheap there D. she was too tired to go further
( ) 3. Sue left her mother _______.
A. when they went to the shop B. when they reached the shop
C. when Mrs. Read was picking a watch D. when they came out of the shop
( ) 4. What was the woman’s name?
A. Her name was Kate Read B. Her name was Sue Read
C. Her name was Kate King D. Her name was Sue King
( ) 5. The girl called her mother’s name because ______.
A. she didn’t like her B. she couldn’t find her
C. she didn’t know where she was D. she could easily find her
B
Many years ago, in a small town, there lived a doctor. He was good and kind. At any time of day and night, he was always ready to go and help sick people. Everyone in the town liked him and people always went to him when they were sick.
But many years went past and the doctor became old. He began to lose memory. This made him do foolish things sometimes. When people noticed this, they didn’t go to him any more.
“He may give us the wrong medicine,” they said and they were afraid.
“Why does no one come to see me now?” he wondered. But no one wanted to tell him because they didn’t want to hurt the good old man, so they said “You have cured all the sick people in the town. There is no one sick now.” The doctor was pleased when he heard that and they went away happily.
( ) 1. The doctor lived _______.
A. in a city B. in a village C. in a hospital D. in a town
( ) 2. People didn’t go to the doctor any more because ______.
A. he might give them wrong medicine B. he didn’t want to see them
C. they were afraid of him D. he didn’t want to cure them
( ) 3. When the doctor heard what people said, he _______.
A. was worried B. was pleased C. was surprised D. was sorry
( ) 4. The doctor _______.
A. was not kind to the sick people B. believed what the people told him
C. always gave the sick wrong medicine D. was quite foolish
( ) 5. Why didn’t people tell the truth to the doctor?
A. Because they didn’t need to tell him the truth.
B. Because the doctor didn’t like to listen to them.
C. Because they didn’t want to hurt the old doctor.
D. Because they were angry with the doctor.
G. 高中生做英语阅读理解的技巧和方法有哪些
上高中后，很多同学对于英语的他阅读理解都觉得不简单了，那么高中英语阅读理解的技巧和方法到底都有哪些呢，下面的我为你简单的整理一下，仅供参考！
高中英语阅读理解步骤
首先，拿到一篇阅读理解，如果你没有完全的自信能把文章毫无障碍地看懂的话，就千万不要直接去看文章，如果是考试的话这就是浪费时间。首先要看的当然察羡咐是题目，在题目中你可以大概了解到这篇文章所要描述的内容，然后尽量将问题都记住。
带着问题去看文章，这样当你看到与问题相关的内容是就可以着重地把与问题相关的部分进行更深入的分析和理解，而不用把全篇阅读理解败纯都细细的看一遍，大大减少了做题的时间，在考试时是十分有帮助的。
如果你有充分的时间的话，可以带着之前对文章的理解把文章再快速得阅读一遍，了解整篇文章主要讲了些什么，来检验自己之前做的题是否正确。
做阅读理解的技巧和方法
高考阅读理解题常考题型一般就那么几种，除了熟悉这些题型及答题套路外，大家还要学会根据上下文去找答案。派做一般锁定目标英语单词后，答案就会出现在上下句中，除了要认识基本的单词外，还需要懂得英语语法和汉语语法的区别，也就是汉语把修饰的东西放在前面说，英语放在后面，了解了这一点做题就容易多了。
H. 高中英语阅读理解说明文
高中英语阅读理解说明文
高中英语教学的核心是阅读，它具有双重性：一是对学生进行阅读技能、技巧的训练，培养其阅读理解能力;而是通过阅读，使学生不断学到新的语言知识，提高学生实际运用英语的能力。英语阅读理解能力是高考考查的重点，下面就跟着我一起来学习一下高中英语阅读理解说明文阅读策略吧!
【高中英语阅读理解说明文阅读策略】
英语阅读理解可以分为论述类、说明类、广告信息类、叙述类和文学类。不同的文章有着不同的语篇结构，不同的语义语言结构和不同的阅读策略。掌握恰当的阅读策略较快地抓住文章的主旨，作者的写作意图，把握篇章结构，了解篇章内容。说明文在近五年江苏高考英语试卷中稳定性出现，可是考生得分率却很低，许多考生存在着不同程度的畏难心理。老师通过引导学生进行正确阅读，获取作者的写作意图，观点和知识，带领学生掌握相应的阅读策略。
一、说明文结构特点
所谓科技说明文，就是指研究自然科学与技术的文章。说明文是对事物或事理进行客观说明的一种文体，它以说明为主要表达方式，通过解说事物或阐明事理，达到教人以知识的目的，在结构上往往采用总分、递进等方式按一定的顺序(如时间、空间、从现象到本质)进行说明。说明文的特点是客观、简练、语言准确、明了，文章很少表达作者的感情倾向。阅读说明文的重点在与读懂它说明的事物或事理，了解事物的性质、构造、成因、功能等，了解事理的含意、特点等。
二、说明文选材特点
最近五年，说明文的出现变化不大，一直很稳定，选材通常是各学科的前沿问题;高科技领域的科研成果;人们比较关心的社会问题;人文方面的经典。
由于阅读理解题的.设置采用渐进式，即由简到难的方式，因此说明文是高考试卷中阅读理解题中相对比较难的，通常后置。
三、说明文语义语言特点
阅读理解试题的中要考点之一是考查学生对词汇和句式的掌握。说明文的词汇和句式的运用较别的体裁的文章难度更大。词汇运用灵活，同一词的不同词性的用法交替出现，未列入考纲的生词较多，通常达到了4-5%。不过考生可以通过说明文的语言特点来帮助理解语篇，例如，同位语、下定义、解释、举例、同义词、反义词、上下义词以及标点符号(如破折号、冒号都有表示解释和说明)等。
四、高考英语对科技说明文的要求
要求考生读懂简易的英语文学作品，科普文章、公告，说明。广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。考生应能：
理解语篇主旨要义
理解文中具体信息
根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义
根据文中事实和线索作出简单的判断和推理
理解文章的宏观结构和文脉逻辑关系
理解作者的观点、意图和态度
根据所读，用恰当的词语补全文章提纲，概括主要内容或作关键词词语转换。
五、高考说明文阅读及解题策略
1.略读
通过整体粗读，领略内容大意，帮助理解，为细读做准备。寻找主题句，获取大意，找出每段的主题。每一篇说明文通常都是围绕一个中心展开的。所以找出主题句，抓住中心，理解主题句与文章的具体事实细节的关系，对文章进行整体理解，获取文章表达的正确信息。
2.跳读
寻找所需信息，如年代、数字、人名、地名等，把握住关键词，利用语法过渡词、语气转折词及时态等，抓住文章脉络。
3.细读
分段细读，注意细节，注意语言结构，抓住关键信息，解释文章结构的内在联系，帮助深化理解。一片文章就是一个有机的整体，段落与段落之间存在着内在的紧密联系，而每段的内容都与主题有着很重要的联系，所以弄清文章结构上的问题，对于把握文章主题，文章大意非常重要。
3.1 主旨大意题
寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。每段的主题句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和归纳分析)一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意。而整篇文章的主题句往往隐藏在首段或尾段。
通过上面的两道题我们可以看出这类题型在选择项中错误多以干扰项出现，干扰项多属文中某个具体事实或细节、从文中某些 (不完全的) 事实或细节片面推出的错误结论或者是非文章事实的主观臆断
常见的提问形式：
1. The main idea of the passage is ______.
2. Which of the following statements best summarizes the author’s mainpoint?
3. This paragraph centers/focuses on ______.
4. This passage is chiefly concerned with ______.
5. The author’s purpose in writing this passage is ______.
6. What is the best title of the passage?
3.2 细节理解题
该题型难度系数值最低并占阅读理解总数的50%左右。有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。
最普遍的特征是题干中的某些词语和表达方式与原文的词语和表达方式相吻合，先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。
常见的提问形式：
1. Which of the following is TRUE ( Not True) according to theinformation in the passage?
2. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?
3. The author mentions all the following except ______.
4. In the passage, the author states that ____.
5. 以when, where, who, what, how, why, how many/much等词引导的疑问句。
4.推读
推测未直接写明的含义、因果关系以及词义，学生可以根据上下文猜测在阅读过程中遇到的新单词、新的表达法或语法。这样既提高了阅读的速度又形成了一种能力，这也是英语阅读的关键所在。
4.1 词语猜测题
常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的。还有就是对单词进行同义解释中的生词用定语(从句)、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。
做题时尽快找到被测词的文中位置，认真研读上下文，根据整个句子的意思推断;可以根据标点符号猜测;也可以从被测词后的定语从句中或同位语从句中判断;可以通过构词法猜测词义;也可以通过文中的同义和反义词来猜测，可以通过上下文的信息词猜测词义。
常见的提问形式：
Theword could best be replaced by ______.
Whichof the following is the closest in meaning to the word?
Inthe paragraph, the word means (refers to) ______.
4. The underlined word is the closest in meaningto _______.
4.2 推理判断题
考查学生由文章的字面信息推出未知信息或隐含信息的能力，根据文章提供的事实和线索，进行逻辑推理，推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的可能性、作者的倾向或意图、文章的论调等。
做题时不要脱离原文只凭自已的想象混乱推理或只凭常识推理;答案一定在文章中找到依据或理由，分析材料所提供的全部事实。另外要重视文章的主旨，所选答案的内容一定不能脱离主题大意。
六、说明文阅读的应试心态
我们要树立一种观念，说明文阅读考察的是阅读能力、逻辑思维能力，而不是要求考生全面、系统、透彻弄懂相关的知识。基于此，我们在做说明文试题时，必须排除与选文相关的旧知识的影响，完全靠选文提供的信息作出正确的判断和选择。
;I. 英语阅读题高中
英语阅读题高中
高中的阅读理解重在理解，下面我给大家提供一些高中的英语阅读理解的练习以及答案解析，欢迎大家阅读参考!
第一篇：
A Frenchman went to a small Italian town and was staying with his wife at the best hotel there. One night, he went out for a walk alone. It was late and the small street was dark and quiet. Suddenly he felt someone behind him. He turned his head and saw an Italian young man who quickly walked past him. The man was nearly out of sight when the Frenchman suddenly found that his watch was gone. He thought that it must be the Italian who had taken his watch. He decided to follow him and get back the watch.
Soon the Frenchman caught up with the Italian. Neither of them understood the other's language. The Frenchman frightened the Italian with his fist(拳头) and pointed at the Italian's watch. In the end the Italian gave up his watch to the Frenchman.
When he returned to the hotel, the Frenchman told his wife what had happened. He was greatly surprised when his wife pointed to the watch on the table. Now he realized that by mistake he had robbed the watch and it was the Italian's.
1. The Frenchman went to a small Italian town _______.
A. alone B. with his wife
C. with his friend D. with an Italian
2. One night he went out for _______ alone.
A. a ride B. a walk C. a drink D. rest
3. Suddenly he found his_______ was gone.
A. watch B. money C. book D. ring
4. The Italian gave up his watch to him at last because ________.
A. he had stolen the watch from the Frenchman.
B. he understood what the Frenchman wanted
C. he had picked up the watch on his w ay from work
D. he was afraid of the Frenchman
5. Who was robbed of the watch on earth?
A. The Frenchman was. B. The Italian was.
C. Both of them was. D. Neither of them was.
第二篇：
Lao Yang was born in a small town. He liked reading when he studied at school. He thought the writers were respected(尊敬) and could get a lot of money. He wrote a lot of stories and posted them to the editorial departments (编辑部) but didn't receive any answers.
Now he works in a factory. He's busy at work. When he's free, he always reads something. He always remembers he hoped to be a writer when he was young. One day, Xiao Ping, his ten-year-old daughter, came back. She looked worried and didn't eat anything. She said Miss GAO, her Chinese teacher, told them to write a solicit article(征文) "My Father" that evening. But she did not know what to write.
"That's easy," said Lao Yang. "Let me help you."
Then he sat down to write the solicit article at once. He easily finished it on time. He was sure Miss GAO would like it. But one afternoon he asked his daughter if the article had been chosen to post to the editorial department.
"My teacher said your article digressed from the subject(离题)," said the girl.
"I don't think so," Lao Yang shouted angrily. "I described(描写) just my father!"
1. Lao Yang wrote a lot of stories because _______.
A. he likes reading
B. he learned much at school
C. he wanted to be a writera
D. he wanted to help others
2. Lao Yang posted the stories to the editorial departments, _______.
A. and he got a lot of money B. and he became a famous man
C. and he was respected D. but he failed
3. As _______, Lao Yang decided to help his daughter.
A. he was a writer
B. he was free
C. he wanted to realize his ideal(理想)
D. he wanted to make his daughter happy
4. Lao Yang hoped _______.
A. his article could surprise the teacher
B. his article could be chosen
C. the children could like his article
D. everyone could soon know him
5. Lao Yang's solicit article digressed from the subject _______.
A. because he couldn't write it at all
B. because he didn't know his father well
C. because it was too bad to be chosen
D. just because he described his father
第三篇：
It was a quiet village in which there was a military camp. It was far from the towns and cities and there were some high mountains around. Of course it was a good place for training the new soldiers. But it was difficult for the young men to go outside. Mr. White, an officer of forty, was strict with them and he hardly let them leave the camp.
Once Mr. White was ill in bed. He couldn't work and a young officer, Mr. Hunt, began to train the new soldiers instead of him. He knew the young men well and let nine soldiers go to the nearest town to have a holiday. But night fell and none came back to the camp. He was worried about it and stood at the gate. It was five to twelve when Mr. Hunt decided to go to the town and see what was happening with the young men. He started the car quickly and set off. At that moment the nine soldiers came back. It seemed they were all drunk. Of course they found the officer was angry.
"I'm sorry, sir," said the first soldier. "I left the town on time. But something was wrong with my bus on my way here. I had to buy a horse and made it run fast. Bad luck! It died and I had to run back."
And the other seven soldiers said they were late for the same reasons. It was the last soldier's turn. He said, "I'm sorry, sir. I got on a bus on time, but…"
Having heard this, the officer became even angrier and stopped him at once. He called out, "If you say something was wrong with your bus, I'll punish you at once!"
"No, no, sir," said the young man. "My bus was all right, but the dead horses were in its way!"
1. The military camp was built in the village to _______.
A. stop the soldiers going to towns
B. stop the soldiers meeting their friends
C. train the new soldiers
D. make the young men live quietly
2. Mr. Hunt let the nine soldiers have a holiday because _______.
A. he was kind to them
B. they felt lonely
C. they had something important to do
D. they were the best of all
3. The young officer was worried because _______.
A. a traffic accident had happened
B. he was afraid something happened to the nine soldiers
C. the nine soldiers didn't come back on time
D. the nine soldiers drank too much in the town
4. The nine soldiers returned to the camp late because _______.
A. something was wrong with their buses
B. their horses died on the return way
C. it took them much time to run back
D. they all had drunk much in the town
5. Which answer do you think right?
A. I'll believe only the last soldier.
B. The officer believed the nine soldiers.
C. I'll believe none of the nine soldiers.
D. The officer won't punish his soldiers.
>>>>>>答案解析<<<<<<
第一篇：【答案与解析】本文讲述了法国人与意大利人语言不通发生误解的一个有趣的故事。法国人在散步时以为自己的手表被经过的意大利人偷了，于是他向意大利人举起了他的拳头将手表拿了回来。而他回到旅店发现他的.手表安然无恙地躺在桌上。
1. B。文章的第1句说The Frenchman是staying with his wife at the best hotel，由此句可推知答案。
2. B。文章第1段的第2句说He went out for a walk alone由此句可推知答案。
3. A。根据第1段的第4行当Italian was nearly out of sight的时候这个法国人就发现他的手表不见了。据此可知答案为A。
4. D。根据第2段中说The Frenchman frightened...我们可以推知这个意大利人是害怕这个法国人的拳头才把手表给他。
5. B。谁被抢走了手表?读完全文我们可知The Italian正是被人抢走手表的无辜受害者。
第二篇：【答案与解析】Lao Yang 是个文学爱好者，但没能实现他的作家梦，他帮他的女儿写 my father，本来他应该描写他自己的，但他却写成了他的父亲。
1. C。细节题。根据 …he thought the writers were respected and could get a lot of money. He wrote a lot of stories and posted them to the editorial departments but didn't receive any answers 可知答案为 C。
2. D。细节题。根据 He wrote a lot of stories and posted them to the editorial departments but didn't receive any answers 可知答案为D。
3. C。推断题。Lao Yang 很早就喜欢写作，多次投稿却没有回音，于是他认为帮他女儿写作文是个很好的实现理想的机会，因此选 C。
4. B。细节题。根据第4段最后一句 …he asked his daughter if the article had been chosen to post the editorial department 可知答案为 B。
5. D。细节题。文章中说 I described just my father，但根据老师的要求他应该描写他自己。因此应该选择 D。
第三篇：【答案与解析】本文讲9个士兵为自己没有按时返回军营找借口开脱的故事。
1. C。细节题。根据第1段第2句和第3句 It was far from the towns and cities and there were some high mountains around. Of course it was a good place for training the new soldiers 可知答案为 C。
2. A。推断题。根据第2段第3句 He knew the young men well and let nine soldiers go to the nearest town to have a holiday 可知答案为 A。
3. B。推断题。根据 …Mr. Hunt decided to go to the town and see what was happening with the young men 可知答案为 B。
4. D。细节题。根据 It seemed they were all drunk 可知答案为 D。
5. C。推断题。那9个士兵在为自己的晚归找借口，他们是在说谎，因此应该选择C。
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