华师在线英语阅读理解
2019年6月大学英语四级阅配歼读理解培猛冲训练：梦
Of all the components of a good night's sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by thelate 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just "mental noise"-the random byprocts of the neural repair work that goes on ring sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is "off line." And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. "It's your dream," says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychologyat Chicago's Medical Center, "if you don't like it, change it."
he link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright's clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated ring the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don't always think about the emotional significance of the day's events-until, it appears, we begin to dream.
知脊And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualizehow you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.
At the end of the day, there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or "we wake up in panic," Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people's anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings.Sleep-or rather dream-on it and you'll feel better in the morning.
练习题：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.By saying that “dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat," (Lines 4-5, Para. 1) the researchers mean that _______.
A.we can think logically in the dreams too
B.dreams can be brought under conscious control
C.dreams represent our unconscious desires and fears
D.dreams can help us keep our mood comparatively stable
2.What did Cartwright find in her clinic?
A.Most bad dreams were followed by happier ones.
B.Divorced couples usually have more bad dreams.
C.One’s dreaming process is related to his emotion.
D.People having negative feelings dream more often.
3.Cartwright believed with much practice，we can learn to _____.
A.control what dreams to dream
B.sleep well without any dreams
C.wake up in time to stop the bad dreams
D.identify what is upsetting about the dreams
4.The author points out that a person who has constant bad dreams should ______
A.learn to control his dreams
B.consult a doctor
C.sleep and dream on it
D.get rid of anxiety first
5.The author most probably thinks that controlling dreams is ______.
A.a good practice
B.a new discovery
C.helpful for everyone
D.not essential for everyone
参考答案及解析
1.[D] 词义理解题。在第1段第4句中，逗号后面的regulating moods是对emotional thermostat的功能进行解释说明，因此可以推断出选项D正确。
2.[C] 事实细节题。最具干扰的是选项A，因为其陈述与第2段第2句的陈述有点相似,但是，此长句说的是大多数人上半夜做噩梦，之后都会做好梦，而不是像选项A中所说大多数噩梦之后是好梦。而且，根据本段第1 句，很明显，选项C是这一句的近义替换。
3 [C] 推理判断题。本题考査对代词的理解。在第3段的最后一句中，代词it应指上文说到的控制噩梦，及时醒来等做法，因此只有选项C涉及了其中一个做法。选项A太泛了，选项B和D在文中并无提及。
4.[B] 事实细节题。本题考查根据构词法猜测词义的能力。解题关键是推断最后一段第3句中therapist的意义，在考纲词汇表中，therapy是“治疗”的意思，因此，therapist应该是专门负责某种治疗的医生，由此可见，选项B是对原文seek help from a therapist的近义替换。
5.[D] 观点态度题。根据最后一句可以推断作者认为如无必要，梦还是不要控制的好。做梦会让你早上感觉舒服一些，因此本题应选D。
2019年6月大学英语四级阅读理解训练：机器人跳舞
The dancers stand motionless at their position and the room grows silent. But as the music starts, they began to move, bending, turning and waving their fans gracefully as they perform. a traditional Japanese dance. Yoshihiro Kuroki watches in silence, occasionally making notes. But as the dance ends, he beams with happiness. The performance has been flawless.
There have been many performances of traditional Japanese dances over the centuries, but this one is unique,because it is performed not by human dancers but by robots. And the performance takes place not in a dance studio but in a laboratory of Sony Corp.'s Entertainment Robot Co. in Shinagawa, Japan, where Kuroki isgeneral manager. He is the mastermind behind a series of even more capable humanoid entertainment robots,starting with the Sony Dream Robot, or SDR, in 1997, up to the current QRIO in 2003.
These delightful machines are only 58 cm tall, about the size of a newborn infant, weigh about 7 kg, and move with 38 degrees of freedom, each with its own servomotor(辅助马达).
QRIO's predecessor, the SDR4X, announced in 2002, can walk, dance, sing, speak, recognize faces, and understand continuous speech. Each robot has two charge-coupled-device cameras to detect color and position andcan locate a colored ball, move toward it, and kick it into a goal. It also has contact sensors in severaljoints to avoid pinching real human fingers. Seeing the robot perform, it is difficult to remember that there is no sentience(知觉)behind those glass eyes.
练习题：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.Which of the following is the most suitable title of this passage?
A.New Entertainment Robots Proced in Japan.
B.QRIO the Robot Dancers.
C.Robots Man's Best Friend.
D.An Extraordinary Performance in Sony's Lab.
2.Yoshihiro Kuroki ______.
A.is excited when the robots are performing a traditional Japanese dance
B.keeps silent because he is a little unsatisfied with the new proct
C.witnesses the creation of a series of entertainment robots
D.is an executive manager of Sony Corp.
3.Which aspect of the robots is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A.The vividness of their motion.
B.Their pleasant appearance.
C.Their smart designing principles.
D.Their communicative ability.
4.The Sony Dream Robot was___
A.the first human-like entertainment robot developed by the Sony Corp
B.as capable as the QRIO of speaking,dancing,singing and walking
C.largest among all the entertainment robot developed by the Sony Corp
D.the first entertainment robot sold at the market by the Sony Corp
5.The robot can locate colored balls by mens of ____
A.a charge-coupled device
B.two cameras
C.two contacts sensors
D.a digital detector
参考答案及解析
1.[A] 主旨大意题。标题需要既全面又突出地概括文章的主题。本文先是描述“舞蹈演员”，然后揭晓这是些“机器人”(第2段第1句)，接着对Sony公司的一些机器人产品进行详细介绍。选项A比较全面地概括了文章内容。选项B、D只是涉及细节，不能全面地概括本文的内容。而C又过于笼统，不具有针对性。
2.[C] 事实细节题。选项C符合第2段最后一句“He is the mastermind behind a series of... robots...”。仔细阅读有关的细节信息会发现,第1段第3句可帮助否定选项A。第1段最后两句可帮助否定选项B。另外，根据第2段倒数第2句可否定选项D。
3.[D] 事实细节题。全文分四段，分别讨论机器人三方面的特点：第1段和第2段描述机器人舞蹈演员栩栩如生的表演，即选项A;第3段描写它们的外表，即选项B;第4段介绍它们巧妙的设计，即选项C;只有选项D是没有提到的，故为答案。
4.[A] 推理判断题。该句中的分词结构“starting with...”表明the Sony Dream Robot是第一个人形娱乐机器人，因此选项A正确。文章在最后一段的第1句提到两种能说话、跳舞的机器人，但没有提到SDR是否和它们一样，由此可否定选项B。在第3段讨论机器人大小的时候也没有提到SDR体型最大，因此选项C不正确。选项D在文中没有讨论到。
5.[B] 事实细节题。该句中“two…cameras to...”的结构表明这两个摄像头可以用于定位，所以选项B正确。选项A在该句中也有提到，但它只是摄像机的工作机制，而不是用于定位的装置。选项C在下一句提到，但与题干提到的定位功能无关。选项D在文中并未提及。
2019年6月大学英语四级阅读理解训练：决定婴儿性别
Henry III didn't know much about biology. He went through six wives back in the 1500s, looking for one whocould bear him a son. Scientists now know that it's the father's sperm, not the mother's egg, which determines whether a baby is a boy or a girl. And last week researchers at the Genetics and IVF Institute, a private fertility(生育能力)center in Virginia, announced a new technique that will allow parents to choose the sex of their baby-to-be, before it has even been conceived. The scientist used a tiny laser detector to measure the DNA in millions of sperm cells as they pass single file through a narrow tube, like cattle being herded through a corral(牲口栏). In a study published last week, "girl sperm," which has more DNA—the genetic material— in each cell, was collected, while "boy sperm" was discarded. And when purified girl sperm was used to impregnate(使受孕)a group of mothers, 15 of 17 resulting babies turned out to be girls.
The researchers say that "sex selection" can also double a mother's chance of having a son and can be usedto avoid genetic diseases that affect only one gender, such as hemophilia(血友病). But some experts, like New York University fertility specialist Dr. Jamie Grifo, worry that sex selection could lead to a kind ofin uteri(子宫)discrimination, especially in cultures where sons are considered superior to daughters. "It's valuing one gender' over another," Grifo says. "I don't think that's something we should be doing." So far, patients at the institute have been asking for both boys and girls, in order to "balance" their families. And some ethics experts say that's fine, as long as parents are just looking for a little gender variety. "If you have three boys, and you want a girl," says University of Texas reproctive-law professor John Robertson, "that's not gender bias at all."
练习题：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.The DNA in the sperm cells can be measured ______.
A.in the same way how the cattle are herded
B.when they pass through a tube one behind the other
C.after they pass through a laser tube
D.when they are scanned by a laser detector all at a time
2.The gender of the baby is decided by ______.
A.the father's DNA
B.the mother's DNA
C.the father's sperm
D.the mother's egg
3.According to this passage, the practice of "sex selection" ______.
A.can help to prevent all genetic problems
B.is totally unacceptable to ethics experts
C.was already realized five hundred years ago
D.will benefit families with certain inheritable diseases
4.Girl sperm was preferred to boy sperm in the research most probably because____
A.girl sperm contains more genetic material
B.more mother want to have girl babies
C.girl sperm is healthier and more active
D.girl sperm is more easily purified
5.It can be concluded from the passage that author’s toward”sex selection”is____
A.negative
B.positive
C.neutral
D.favorable
参考答案及解析
1.[B] 推理判断题。解答本题的关键在于推断single file的意思。该句把精子通过试管的情形与牛群被赶入牲口圈的情形作对比，结合single一词本身的意思，可以推断single file是“一个接一个”的意思，只有选项B能表达这个意思，由此也可否定选项D。选项A最具干扰性，原句是把精子通过试管的情形比作牛群被赶人牲口圈的情形，而选项A说的是测定精子内DNA的方法与放牧的方法相同，显然选项A只是引用了原文的某些词语，但表达的意思与原文却截然不同。
2.[C] 事实细节题。第1段第3句which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰的是the father's sperm，而不是插入语the mother’s egg,因此选项C正确。
3.[D] 推理判断题。第2段第1句中的genetic暗示有些疾病是遗传的，即如选项D所述。第2段第1句同时表明选项A的说法是不全面的。选项B与第2段最后两句正好相反。第1段前两句说明选项C是错误的。
4.[A] 事实细节题。第1段倒数第2句中的由which引导的定语从句表明选项A的叙述正确。
5.[C] 观点态度题。文章第2段中作者给出了一些反对者和赞成者的观点，但是没有加以评论，可以看出作者的态度是中立的，故选项C正确。
『贰』 公共英语三级阅读理解A试题
2017公共英语三级阅读理解A试题
按照官方说法，公共英语三级相当于大学英语四级的水平，还是比较难的。下面是我整理的公共英语三级试题，希望能帮到大家!
Section II Reading
( 50 minutes)
Part A
Directions:
Read the following two texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Text 1
Rowena and Billy Wrangler are model high school students. They study hard and do extremely well on achievement tests. And next year, Rowena will be attending Harvard University. Billy, her younger brother, hopes to go to Com ell. What makes Rowena and Billy different from most students is that they don't go to school. In fact, they've never been to school. Since kindergarten, they've studied at home. Neither Rowena nor Billy feels as if they've missed out on anything by being taught at home. Like many of more than one million people who receive home schooling in the United States, they feel as if they've gotten a good ecation.
The home-schooling trend began in the U.S. in the 1980s with parents keeping their children out of public schools so they could provide religious ecation at home. Today, as the home-schooling trend continues to grow, parents are more likely to consider home schooling as an option because they believe schools don't do a very good job of teaching and are occasionally dangerous places. But can parents really do a better job?
The answer in many cases is yes. In many studies, students taught at home ranked average or above average when compared to students who went to public schools. More importantly, these students were often more self-directed and have a greater depth of knowledge. "They are very well prepared for academic challenges," says Patricia Riordan, the dean of admissions at George Mason
University.
One such student, Robert Conrad, now a sophomore at university, claims he really learned how to study and schele his time ring his eight years of home schooling. Still, not every student is as successful as Robert.
"For every home-schooling success story, there are an equal number of failures," states Henry Lipscomb, an ecational researcher. "There are just so many disadvantages that students taught at home have to overcome. " For example, they have fewer chances to interact with others of their own age. Consequently, they sometimes lack the usual social skills. "No matter what, though," states Lipscomb, "home-schooling is a growing trend. I think we'll be seeing more and more of this. "
26. Compared with other students, the most different thing Rowena and Billy do is that________
A. they study hard
B . they do extremely well on achievement tests
C . they never go to school
D . they feel they have gotten a good ecation
27. At first in the 1980s parents gave home-schooling to children for________
A. better ecation
B . religious ecation
C . safety
D . all the above
28. According to the article, what is NOT the advantage of being ecated at home?
A. Home is a safer place for children.
B . Students taught at home are more self-directed.
C . Students taught at home have a greater depth of knowledge.
D . Students taught at home can go to good universities.
29. The Walter thinks
A.parents can do a better job than schools
B . home-schooling will be more and more useful
C . students taught at home make greater achievements
D . home-schooling is good in some aspects
30. The best title of this text might be________
A. Home-schooling: A Growing Trend
B . Home-schooling: A Better Choice
C . Home-schooling: A Way to Success
D . Home-schooling: A New Method of Ecation
Text 2
A smile is a strong sign of a friendly and open attitude and a willingness to communicate. It is a positive, silent sign sent with the hope the other person will smile back. When you smile, you
show you have noticed the person in a positive way. The result? That person will usually smile back.
You might not realize a closed position is the cause of many conversational problems. A common closed position is sitting with your arms and legs crossed and your hand covering your mouth or chin. This is often called the "thinking pose". Ask yourself this question: Are you going to interrupt someone who appears .to be deep in thought? This position gives off "stay away" signs and prevents your main "sign sender" ( your mouth) from being seen by others looking for inviting conversational signs.
The open body position is most effective when you place yourself within communicating distance of the other person--that is, within about five feet. Take care, however, not to enter someone's "personal space" by getting too close, too soon.
Leaning forward a little while a person is talking shows your interest and how you are listening to what the person is saying. By doing this, you are saying: I hear what you're saying, and I'm interested in--keep talking!
Often people will lean back with their hands over their mouth, chin, or behind their head in the "thinking" pose. This position gives off signs of judgment, doubt, and lack of interest from the listener. Since most people do not feel comfortable when they think they are being judged, this leaning-back position serves to prevent the speaker from continuing.
In many cultures the most common form of first contact between two people is a handshake. Be the first to extend your hand in greeting. Couple this with a friendly "Hello", a nice smile, and your name and you have made the first step to open the lines of communication.
Eye contact should be natural, not forced or overdone. Direct eye contact shows you are listening to the other person and that you want to know about her.
31. A person smiles to show________
A. he is kind and useful
B . he is happy all the time
C . he is ready to talk with you
D . he sees something funny
32. According to the text, troubles in communication may result from________
A. a dosed body position
B . an open body position
C . no smile
D . the main " sign senders"
33. Leaning back with your hands behind your head in deep thought while a person is talking________
A. shows you are interested in and listening to what the speaker is saying
B . shows you want to keep some distance from the speaker
C . makes him think-you are thinking about something else
D . makes him believe you are not interested in his talk
34. All of the following gestures encourage communication except________
A. leaning forward a little while a person is talking
B . crossing your arms
C . looking in others' eyes
D . extending your hand in greeting
35. From the text we know that________
A. communication depends.ads little on verbal language and much on body language
B . gestures always prevent the "sign sender" (mouth)
C . we should pay much attention to body language
D . eye contact is always helpful
答案解析：
PartA
Text l
篇章分析
本文是一篇议论文。文章一开始通过一个实例引出本文的话题——家庭学校潮流，之后介绍了家庭学校潮流的起源，此后作者提出了问题——家长能做得比学校更好吗?之后对此问题展开了分析，第三段和第四段论述家庭学校的好处以及成功的例子，第五段则从另外一方面论证家庭学校这种教育方式的缺陷。
答案及解析
26.【答案】c
【题型】细节题
【解析】题干意为“与其他学生相比，Rowena和Billy最不同寻常的地方是什么?”从文章第一段第五句话“What makes Rowena and Billy differ-ent from most students is that they don’t go to school.”可以看出，他们最与众不同之处在于他们从来没有去过学校上学，因此正确答案为C。
27.【答案】B
【题型】细节题
【解析】题干意为“起初在20世纪踟年代父母给孩子们进行家庭学校教育是为了什么?”从文章第二段第一句话中“…SO they could pro-vide religiOUS ecation at home.”可以看出，他们这样做是为了在家中给孩子们进行宗教教育，因此正确答案为8。
28.【答案】D
【题型】细节题
【解析】题干意为“根据文章，下面哪一条不是家庭学校的优点?”这道题需要把四个选项和原文逐一对比、逐一排除。从文章第二段倒数第二句话中“…they believe schools…Are occasionally dangerous places.”可以排除A，从文章第三段第三句话“More importantly，these students are often mole self-directed and have a greater depth of knowl·edge.”可以排除B和c，而文章没有谈到家庭学校和上好大学的联系，因此正确答案为D。
29.【答案】D
【题型】推理题
【解析】题干意为“作者的观点是什么?”文章第三、四、五段谈到家庭学校既有优势也有缺陷，因此A、B、C都有失片面，而D“在一些方面家庭学校不错”更合文意。故选D。
30.【答案】A
【题型】主旨题
【解析】题干意为“文章最好的标题是什么?”A家庭学校：一个不断发展的趋势，8家庭学校：一个更好的选择，C家庭学校：一条通往成功的道路，D家庭学校：一种新的教育方式。根据文章主题，B、C都有失片面，而D则不准确，家庭学校在上世纪80年代就有了，并不是新的教育方式，而文章第二段和最后一段都提到家庭学校是一种趋势，因此A最贴切文意。故选A。
Text 2
篇章分析
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了姿势或肢体语言对于交流的重要性。文章第一段介绍了微笑是交流的积极信号，第二段讲述一些封闭的姿势如双手交叉等会给交流带来麻烦，第三段讲述与人交流时两人最好应保持在5英寸的距离内，第四段讲述将身体略微前倾能显示出交流的`兴趣，第五段介绍了一些显示出没兴趣交流的肢体语言，第六段介绍握手的作用和方式，最后一段介绍目光交流的重要性和方式。
答案及解析
31.【答案】C
【题型】推理题
【解析】题干意为“一个人微笑表示什么?”从文章第一段第一句话“A smile is a strong sign of a friendly and open attitude and a willingness to communicate.”可以看出，微笑是友好、开放、乐意交流的强烈信号，因此可判断正确答案为C。
32.【答案】A
【题型】细节题
【解析】题干意为“根据文章，交流中的麻烦可能是由于什么造成的?”由文章第二段第一句话中的“a closed position is the cause of many conversational problems”可以看出答案为A。
33.【答案】D
【题型】推理题
【解析】题干意为“当别人在说话时，你双手放在脑袋后面，身体向后仰，陷入沉思，这会怎样?”这道题需要把四个选项和原文逐一对比、逐一排除。从文章第五段前两句“0ften people will lean back with their hands...or behind their head in the“thinkin9”pose.This position gives off signs of...lack of interest from the listener.”，因此可见正确答案为D。
34.【答案】B
【题型】细节题
【解析】题干意为“以下所有的姿势中，除了哪一种以外其他姿势都有助于交流?”文章第二段第二句话中谈到“A common closed position is sitting with your allns and legs crossed...”因此8双臂交叉是一种封闭姿势，阻碍交流，所以正确答案为8。
35.【答案】C
【题型】推理题
【解析】题干意为“从这篇文章中我们可以知道什么?”A交流几乎不靠口头语言，大部分靠肢体语言，B姿势总是会阻碍“信号发出器” (嘴巴)，c我们应该多注意肢体语言，D眼神交流总是有帮助。A、B、D都过于绝对，c最贴切文意。故正确答案为c。
;『叁』 3月公共英语二级阅读理解真题解析
2015年3月公共英语二级阅读理解真题解析
明天就是公共英语三级考试开考的时间的，本次公共英语三级考试的级别是一到三级。下面是我整理的公共英语二级2015年的阅读理解真题，欢迎阅读!
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的[A]、[B]、[C]和[D]四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Text 1
William Kunz is a computer genius(天才).When he was just 11, Kunz started writing soft-ware programs, and by 14 he had worked out his own computer game.As a high school first-yearstudent in Houston, Texas, he won first prize in a science fair for a program he wrote.In his thirdyear, he took top prize in an international science and engineering fair for designing a program toanalyze and sort DNA patterns.
Kunz went to attend Carnegie Mellon, one of the nation' s highest-ranked universities in computer science.After college he got a job with Oracle in Silicon Valley, writing software used bycompanies around the world.
Three years later, Kunz is in his first year at Harvard Business School.He left software engineering partly because he earned much less than his friends who were going into law or business.
He also worried about job security(保障), especially as more companies move their programmingoutside the country to lower costs.
56.What does the first paragraph mainly tell us?
A.Kunz won several top prizes.
B.Kunz liked taking part in fairs.
C.Kunz designed several programs.
D.Kunz had a gift for programming.
57.What did Kunz study in Carnegie Mellon?
A.Business.
B.Engineering.
C.International law.
D.Computer science.
58.Why did Kunz decide to go to Harvard Business School?
A.to get a secured and better paid job.
B.to improve his working conditions.
C.to start a business with his friends.
D.to go outside the country to work.
原文翻译及答案解析
威廉·库兹是一个计算机天才。当他只有11岁的时候，库兹就开始编写软件程序，到l4岁的时候他已经开发出了自己的电脑游戏。作为德克萨斯州休斯敦的一位高中一年级学生，他编的程序在一次科学展览会中获得了一等奖。高三时，在一次国际科学和工程学展览会中他因为设计出能够分析和分类DNA模式的程序而获得最高奖。库兹上了卡内基梅隆大学，这是全美计算机科学领域最好的大学之一。大学毕业后，他在硅谷的Oracle工作，编写一些全世界许多公司都使用的软件。
三年后，库兹在哈佛商学院就读一年级。他离开软件工程领域一部分原因是他所赚的钱比他那些从事法律和商业的朋友们少得多。他也很担心工作保障，尤其是当更多的公司为了降低费用而把他们的编程公司搬往美国以外的地方时。
56.D【精析】细节题。题干意为“第一段主要告诉我们什么?”本文第一段列举的各个例子都想告诉我们，库兹在编程方面很有天赋。故D正确。
52.D【精析】细节题。题干意为“库兹在卡内基梅隆大学学的是什么?”从本文的第二段的第一句“…one of the nation’s highestranked universities in computer seienee.”可知，他学的是计算机科学，故D正确。
58.A【精析】细节题。题干意为“库兹为什么决定上哈佛商学院?”本文的最后一段告诉我们他后来去读哈佛商学院是因为他所赚的钱比他那些从事法律和商业的朋友们少得多。他也很担心工作保障，尤其是当更多的.公司为了降低费用而把他们的公司搬往美国。
Text 2
Can you imagine life without French fries(炸薯条) ? Potatoes are very popular today.But inthe past this was not true.Potatoes grew in south America five thousand years' ago.But they onlybecame popular in other places two hundred years ago.
In the 1500s, the spanish took the potato from south America to Europe.But the people inEurope did not like this strange vegetable.some people thought that if you ate potatoes your skinwould look like the skin of a potato.Other people could not believe that you ate the undergroundpart of the plant.so they ate the leaves instead.This made them sick because there is poison (毒性) in the leaves.
In the 1800s, people in other parts of the world started to eat potatoes.In Ireland, potatoes became the main food.Then, in 1845, a disease killed all the potatoes in Ireland.Two million people died of hunger.
Today, each country has its own potato dish.The German people eat potato salad, and theUnited States has the baked potato.And, of course, the French invented French fries, which arenow popular all over the world.
59.When did potatoes get well-known outside south America?
A.About 200 years ago.
B.About 300 years ago.
C.About 400 years ago.
D.About 500 years ago.
60.Why did some Europeans refuse to eat potatoes at first?
A.They did not trust the Spanish people then.
B.They were afraid of the poison in potatoes.
C.They were afraid it would cause skin problem.
D.They had never eaten food from abroad before.
61.Why did two million people died in Ireland in 18457
A.They had nothing to eat.
B.They ate the bad potatoes.
C.They ate the potato leaves.
D.They got a terrible disease.
62.What do we know from the last paragraph?
A.Baked potatoes are popular now.
B.People cook potatoes differently.
C.Potatoes are expensive nowadays.
D.The French eat potato dishes most.
原文翻译及答案解析
你能想象没有炸薯条的生活吗?当今薯条很受欢迎。但是过去并非如此。五千年前土豆生长在南美。但是直到两百年前土豆才在别的地方流行起来。
十六世纪，西班牙人把土豆从南美带到了欧洲。但是欧洲人们并不喜欢这种奇怪的蔬菜。一些人认为如果你吃土豆，你的皮肤会看起来像土豆。另一些人无法相信植物长在地下的那一部分也可以吃。因此他们吃土豆的叶子。因为土豆叶子有毒，所以他们都病倒了。十九世纪，世界其他地方的人开始吃土豆。在爱尔兰，土豆成了人们的主食。然后，在1845年，一种疾病杀死了爱尔兰所有的土豆。这使得两百万人死于饥饿。
当今，在每个国家都有土豆做成的菜肴。德国人吃土豆沙拉，美国人吃烤土豆。当然法国人发明了薯条，而现在薯条在全世界都很受欢迎。
59.A【精析】细节题。题干意为“土豆是什么时候开始在南美以外的地方流行的?”从本文第一段的最后一句“But they only became popular in other places two hundred years ago.”可知，直到两百年前土豆才在别的地方流行起来，故A正确。
60.C【精析】细节题。题干意为“为什么某些欧洲人最初拒绝吃土豆?”从文章第二段第三句“some people thought that if you ate pota—toes your skin would look like tlle skin of a potato.”可知，一些人认为如果你吃土豆，你的皮肤会看起来像土豆，故C正确。
61.A【精析】细节题。题干意为“在1845年，爱尔兰为什么会有两百万人死去?”从文章第三段第三、四句“Then，in l845，a disease killedall tlle potmoes in Ireland.Two million people died of hunger.”可知，1845年，一场疾病杀死了爱尔兰所有的土豆，这使得两百万人死于饥饿，故A正确。
62.B【精析】推理题。题干意为“从最后一段，我们可以得出什么?”由最后一段可知，土豆在各个国家都是一道菜，但是做法不同，故B正确。
Text 3
There are a growing number of pet owners who feed pets on raw, which means, "uncooked"
meat and bones.William Burk, a pet food specialist from the Food and Drug Administration(FDA), believes that feeding raw meat to pets is against its goal of protecting the public fromhealth dangers; besides, raw meat and bones do not have all the required nutrition (营养) that a petneeds every day.
Recognizing how popular these foods are, the FDA has provided guidelines for procers ofpet foods that contain uncooked meat for dogs, cats, and other pets.The guidelines give rules toprotect pet owners and pets from dangers about food safety and lack of nutrition.
Pet owners who feed raw meat and bones should deal with these procts very carefully toprotect themselves against possible dangers, says Burk.Just as when preparing foods for humans,use hot water and soap to wash hands, containers, and surfaces that come into contact(接触) withthe food.Don' t put your hands near your mouth until you' ve washed them, and don' t allow yourpet to touch your face right after it has eaten meat.
If owners choose to feed bones to their pets, they should watch their pet carefully when it iseating bones.Burk also says, "If the pet eats a big piece of bone that won' t pass through the digestive system(消化系统), it could kill the pet."
63.What does William Burk think of feeding pets on raw?
A.It'll make the pet owners sick.
B.It' 11 cause the death of other pets.
C.It' s against the policy of the FDA.
D.It' s dangerous and lack of nutrition.
64.Wiry did the FDA provide guidelines for procers of pet foods with raw meat?
A.The quality of pet foods has dropped.
B.Most pets have been lack of nutrition.
C.Pet safety has become a serious problem.
D.Feeding pets on raw has become popular.
65.Those who feed pets on raw should do all the necessary cleaning when
A.preparing raw meat for pets
B.preparing foods for humans
C.touching the food containers
D.bringing your pets for a walk
66.What advice is given to pet owners in the last paragraph? A.Pets should be kept away from raw meat.
B.Pets should be watched when eating bones.
C.Pets should be fed with small pieces of bone.
D.Pets should be checked on the digestive system.
原文翻译及答案解析
有越来越多的宠物主人用未加工的，也就是未煮过的肉和骨头来喂他们的宠物。威廉·伯克，一位来自美国食品与药品管理局的宠物食品专家，认为用未经加工的肉喂宠物违背了保护公众防止其受到健康威胁的目标。此外，未经加工的肉和骨头不能提供宠物每天所需的所有营养物质。
知道这些食物有多么受欢迎之后，美国食品与药品管理局为宠物食品的生产商们提供了指导方针，这些食品包括狗、猫和其他宠物吃的未经加工的肉。这些指导方针列出了一些规则来保护宠物主人和宠物以免遭受有关食品安全和缺乏营养的危险。
伯克说，喂未经加工的肉和骨头的宠物主人应该非常小心地处理这些食品以保护自己免遭可能的危险。正如为人类做饭一样，要用热水和肥皂去洗手、洗容器，并洗一些可能与食物有接触的表面。洗手之前不要把手放在嘴边，在宠物刚刚吃过肉之后不要让宠物碰到你的脸。如果主人选择喂宠物骨头，那么在宠物吃骨头时，一定要在旁边看着。伯克还说，“如果宠物吃一大块不能通过它的消化系统的骨头的话，那会要了它的命。”
63.D【精析】推理题。题干意为“威廉·伯克如何看待喂宠物未煮熟的东西这件事?”由本文第一段可知，伯克认为用未经加工的肉喂宠物有违保护公众防止遭到健康威胁的目标。此外，未经加工的肉和骨头不能提供给宠物们所有它们所需要的营养物质，故D正确。
64.D【精柝】推理题。题干意为“为什么美国食品与药品管理局为宠物食品的生产商提供指导方针?”由本文第二段可知，知道这些食物有多么受欢迎之后，美国食品与药品管理局为宠物食品的生产商们提供指导方针，这些食品包括狗、猫和其他宠物吃的未经加工的肉。这些指导方针列出了一些规则保护宠物主人和宠物以免遭受有关食品安全和缺乏营养的危险，故D正确。
65.A【精析】推理题。题干意为“那些喂宠物吃没有经过加工的食物的主人们需要在什么时候做些必要的清理?”由本文第三段可知，喂未经加工的肉和骨头的宠物主人应该非常小心地处理这些食品以保护自己免遭可能的危险。正如为人类做饭一样，要用热水和肥皂去洗手、洗容器，并洗一些可能与食物有接触的表面。洗手之前不要把手放在嘴边，在宠物刚刚吃过肉之后不要让宠物碰到你的脸，故A正确。
66.B【精析】细节题。题干意为“最后一段作者给宠物主人什么建议?”根据文章最后一段第一句“…they should watch their pet carefully when it is eating bones.”可知，在宠物吃骨头时，主人一定要在旁边看着，故B正确。
Text 4
There are some objects in the sky that move so quickly that sometimes you only see them outof the comer of your eye.These are some of the huge number of bits of rock and st that are floating around in space, called meteoroids.Normally, we cannot see them at all, but if they travel tooclose to the Earth, they get caught by the pull of the Earth, and begin to fall towards us.They fallfaster and faster, until they hit our atmosphere (大气层), by which time they are going so fast thatthey begin to bum up, and all that you see is a flash of light that moves very quickly across the skyand disappears.These shooting stars, or meteors as they are properly called, are quite common,and sometimes you may see several in a night.
Most meteoroids are very small bits indeed, and they bum up long before they get to theEarth.However, a very few do manage to get all the way through the atmosphere, and actually fallto the ground.usually they do not do much damage, although this is not always the case.
Meteoroids that actually manage to reach the Earth are called meteorites.Most countries haveplaces where meteorites have struck the Earth.some of these places are very large indeed and aretourist attractions.
67.Why do some objects from outer space fall to the ground?
A.They are too big.
B.They are hit by huge rocks.
C.They move too fast.
D.They are pulled by the Earth.
68.What do we know about meteors from the text?
A.They become a star in the sky.
B.They are too small to be seen.
C.They disappear very quickly.
D.They do damage to the Earth.
69.What happens to most meteoroids coming into the atmosphere?
A.They bum up.
B.They fall to earth.
C.They explode.
D.The float in the air.
70.The word "meteorites"( Line 1, Para.3)refers to pieces of rock that
A.move fast in outer space
B .have been found at a tourist centre
C.flash through space at a high speed
D.have fallen onto the Earth from space
原文翻译及答案解析
天空中许多物体移动速度如此之快,以至于有时它们在你眼前转瞬即逝.它们是漂浮在空中被称为流星体的许多巨大的岩石和灰尘的碎片.通常我们根本看不见它们,但是如果它们太靠近地球,就会被地球引力吸住,开始向我们掉落.它们下降的速度越来越快,直到它们穿过大气层,那时它们的速度如此之快以至于它们开始燃烧,你所能看到的只是一道光划过天空,然后消失不见.这些疾驰的星星,或称流星(他们恰当的称谓),是十分常见的.有时候一晚上就可以看见好几个.
事实上大多数流星体都非常小,在它们到达地球之前就已经燃烧了很久.然而只有很少的能够一路穿过大气层,真正地掉落到地面.通常它们不会造成什么伤害,虽然也有例外.
真的到达地面的流星被称为陨石.大多数国家都有一些地方有陨石掉落.事实上某些地方的陨石如此之大,已经成了旅游景点.
67.D【精析】细节题.题干意为“为什么外太空的一些物体会掉落到地面?”根据文章第一段第三句“Normally,we cannot see them at a11.but if they travel too close to the Earth.they get caught by the pull of the Earth,and begin to fall towards US.”可知,作者认为通常我们根本看不见它们,但是如果它们太靠近地球,它们就会被地球引力吸住,开始向我们掉落,故D正确.
68.C【精析】细节题.题干意为“从文中我们对流星有哪些了解?”从文章第一段第四句话可知,那时它们的速度如此之快以至于它们开始燃烧,你所能看到的只是一道光划过天空,然后消失不见.由此推出,流星消失得非常快,故C正确.
69.A【精析】推理题.题干意为“大部分流星在穿过大气层时会发生什么?”由文章第一段可知,那时它们的速度如此之快以至于它们开始燃烧,你所能看到的只是一道光划过天空,然后消失不见.由此推出,流星穿过大气层时会燃烧,故A正确.
70.D【精析】细节题.题干意为“‘meteorites’(第三段第一行)是指那些__________的石头碎片.”根据本文第三段第一句话“Meteoroids that actually manage to reach the Earth are called meteorites.”可知,真的到达地面的流星被称为陨石,故D正确.
;『肆』 2020年高考英语北京卷 - 阅读理解C
For the past five years, Paula Smith, a historian of science, has devoted herself to re-creating long-forgotten techniques. While doing research for her new book, she came across a 16th-century French manuscript consisting of nearly 1,000 sets of instructions, covering subjects from tool making to finding the best sand.
在过去五年里，科学历史学家保拉·史密斯一直致力于重现人们早已遗忘的技术。在为她的新书做研究时，她偶然发现了一本16世纪的法国手稿，包括近1000份说明书，涵盖范围从工具制作到如何寻找最佳沙子。
The author's intention remains as mysterious as his name; he may have been simply taking notes for his own records. But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn't truly grasp any of the skills the author described. "You simply can't get an understanding of that handwork by reading about it," she says.
作者的意图如同他的名字一样神秘；他可能只是在为自己的记录做笔记。但让史密斯备受打击的是，她并没有真正掌握作者描述的任何技能。“你根本无法通过阅读来理解手工作品”，她说。
Though Smith did get her hands on the best sand, doing things the old-fashioned way isn't just about playing around with French mud. Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen who lived centuries ago can reveal how they viewed the world, what objects filled their homes, and what went on in the workshops that proced them. It can even help solve present-day problems: In 2015, scientists discovered that a 10th-century English medicine for eve problems could kill a drug-resistant virus.
尽管史密斯确实得到了最好的沙子，但用传统的方法做事情并不只是玩法国泥。重建生活在几个世纪前的工匠作品可以揭示他们是如何看待世界，他们的家中装满的物品，以及这些物品在作坊里如何进行生产。它甚至可以帮助解决当代问题：2015年，科学家发现，一种用于解决女性问题的10世纪英国药物可以杀死耐药病毒。
The work has also brought insights for museums, Smith says. One must know how on object was made in order to preserve it. What's more, reconstructions might be the only way to know what treasures looked like before time wore them down. Scholars have seen this idea in practice with ancient Greek and Roman statues. These sculptures were painted a rainbow of striking colours. We can't appreciate these kinds of details without seeing works of art as they originally appeared-something Smith believes you can do only when you have a road map.
史密斯说，这项工作也为博物馆带来了启发。为了保存文物，人们必须知道这个物体是如何制作的。更重要的是，重建可能是了解宝藏在时间磨损之前是什么样子的唯一途径。学者们在古希腊和古罗马雕像的实践中看到了这种想法，这些雕塑被漆成了鲜艳的彩虹色。如果不看艺术作品最初出现的样子，我们无法欣赏这些细节——史密斯认为，只有当你有路线图时，你才能做到这一点。
Smith has put the manuscript's ideas into practice. Her final goal is to link the worlds of art and science back together: She believes that bringing the old recipes to life can help develop a kind of learning that highlights experimentation, teamwork, and problem solving.
史密斯把手稿的想法付诸实践。她最终的目标是将艺术和科学的世界重新联系起来：她相信，将古老的食谱带到生活中有助于发展一种强调实验、团队合作和解决问题的学习方式。
Back when science—then called “the new philosophy”—took shape, academics looked to craftsmen for help in understanding the natural world. Microscopes and telescopes were invented by way of artistic tinkering, as craftsmen experimented with glass to better bend light.
当科学——也就是所谓的“新哲学”——初具雏形时，学术界寻求工匠帮助理解自然世界。正如工匠尝试用玻璃更好地弯曲光线，显微镜和望远镜因为艺术修补而发明。
If we can rediscover the values of hands-on experience and craftwork, Smith says, we can marry the best of our modern insights with the handiness of our ancestors.
史密斯说，如果我们能重新发现动手经验和工艺的价值，我们就能把我们最好的现代洞察力与我们祖先的灵巧结合起来。
『伍』 2022年下半年英语六级阅读理解练习题
2022年下半年英语六级考试备考时间已经不多了，还没有开始准如瞎谨备的考生可以开始准备考试了。英语备考，离不开日常的练习，下面是我为大家准备的2022年下半年英语六级阅读理解练习题，有在备考六级的考生可以神掘参考一下。
2022年下半年英语六级阅读理解练习渣基题
阅读理解（一）
The Last Dinner
Jesus spent his last few hours of liberty quietly in the suburb of Bethany. It was the day of Passover. The Jews observed this feast by eating roast lamb and unleavened bread.
Jesus asked his disciples to go to town and reserve a room in one of the smaller inns and order a dinner that they might all be together.
When evening came， Judas， looking bland and innocent， left the house together with the others. They went down the Mount of Olives and entered the city and found that everything was ready. They took their seats around one long table and began to eat.
But it was not a cheerful meal. They felt the dread of those coming events which already were casting their terrible shadow over the small group of faithful friends.
Jesus spoke very little. The others sat in gloomy silence. At last Peter could stand it no longer， and he blurted out what was in everybody’s mind . “Master， ”he said，“we want to know. Do you have reason to suspect one of us？” Softly Jesus answered， “ Yes. One among you who is now sitting at this table will bring disaster upon us all. ” Then all the disciples got up and crowded around him. They protested their innocence. At that moment Judas slipped quietly out of the room. They now all knew what was to come. They could no longer remain in that little room. They needed fresh air， and they left the inn and walked out of the gate and went back to the Mount of Olives and opened the wicket to a garden which a friend had told them to use whenever they wished to be alone . It was called Gethsemane ， after an old oil-press which stood in a corner. After a while Jesus walked away from the little group. But three of the disciples who were closest to him， followed at a distance.
He turned around and bade them wait and watch while he prayed.
The time had come for a final decision. Escape was still possible ， but escape would mean a silent confession of guilt and defeat for his ideas.
He was alone among the silent trees and fought his last great battle . He was a man in the fullness of his years. Life still held a great promise. Death， once his enemies captured him， would come in a most terrible form. He made his choice . He stayed. He went back to his friends. And behold！ They were fast asleep . A moment later， the whole garden was in an uproar. Led by Judas， the guards of the Sanhedrin rushed upon the prophet. Judas was at their head. He threw his arms around his master and kissed him. That was the sign for which the soldiers had waited. At that moment， Peter realized what was happening.
阅读自测
Ⅰ. Welcome to the Eden of animals . According to Chinese ， choose the correct English word： （ bee， rabbit， butterfly， lark， lion， mouse， donkey）
1. Tom always has a lot of things to do. Every time you see him， he is as busy as a ________（ 忙得团团转） .
2. Although it was an easy problem， I still made a mistake . It really made feel that I was as stupid as a ________（ 蠢如驴） .
3. Cathy is dressed very well and looks as beautiful as a ________（ 像蝴蝶一样漂亮） .
4. The villagers beat the enemy and lived as merry as a ________（ 非常快活） .
5. Tom and Jerry are twins， but they are quite different. Tom is as timid as a （ 胆小如鼠） while Jerry as bold as a________ （ 莽如雄狮） .
6. After the company went into bankruptcy ________（ 宣告破产） ， he was as poor as a church ________（ 一贫如洗） .
Ⅱ. Can you crack the riddle ？
Have you heard of Sphinx （ 斯芬克司） of Greek mythology？
Sphinx was a monster with the head and breast of a woman， the body of a lion， the wings of a bird， a serpent’s tail and lion’s paws. It had a human voice and usually asked passers-by to guess her riddle. If the man was unable to find the answer， she would eat them. If he could， she would kill herself. The riddle is this： What goes on four feet， on two feet， and three ， but the more feet it goes on， the weaker it be ？
Do you get the answer？ Explain yourself.
阅读理解（二）
However you view credit cards. it＇s hard to live in the modem world without one. And if you have one， you owe it to yourself to use it properly.
Although credit cards are becoming a more acceptable part of the financial scene， they are still regarded with suspicion by many as being a major part of the ＂live now pay later＂ syndrome. Along with hire purchase， rental and leasing schemes. they provide encouragement to spend more money. They can allow you to pile up debts that you have difficulty paying off， they can also let you spend next month＇s salary today. Of course， it is only the foolhardy who succumb to the temptation to live. temporarily at least， beyond their means. and such people would no doubt manage to do so even without credit cards.
Advertising campaigns have. however， promoted a growing realization of the advantages of these small pieces of plastic. They obviate the need to carry large amounts of cash and are always useful in emergencies. All the credit card organizations charge interest on a monthly basis which may work out as high as 25 per cent a year. yet judicious purchasing using a card can mean that you obtain up to seven weeks interest freecredit. Using me card abroad where items frequently take a long time to be included on your account can extend this period even further.
It is worthwhile shopping around before deciding on a particular credit card. It is necessary to consider the amount of credit granted； interest rates， which may vary slightly； che number and range of outlets， chough most cards cover major garages， hotels. restaurants and departments stores： and of course. what happens if your card is lost or stolen A credit card chief may be sitting on a potential gold mine particularlyif there is delay in reporting the loss of the card.
Using a credit card wisely takes discipline and a little self-control. Once you realize your debt is someone else’s profit margin， your approach to your plastic will change. With a bit of discipline and some practical knowledge， you can make your cards work for you. rather than the other way round. As a matter of fact， a credit card can cost nothing or at least help to tide you over a period of financial difficulty.
people suspect that credit cards lure people to_______________.
author seems to believe that even in the absence of credit cards. some people would undoubtedly_________________.
Para. 3， in addition to the advantages of no need lo carry cash and being useful in emergencies， whatelse is said to be the advantage of credit cards？
is the main idea of Para.4？
5.A credit card user can control himself to take better advantage of credit card if he knows well the truth that____________________.
阅读理解（三）
Children are getting so fat-they may be the first generation to die before their parents. an expert claimed yesterday. Today＇s youngsters are already falling prey to potential killers such as diabetes because of their weight. Fatty fast-food diets combined with sedentary lifestyles dominated by televisions and computers could mean kids will die tragically young， says Professor Andrew Prentice. from the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.
At the same time. the shape of the human body is going through a huge evolutionary shift because alts are getting so fat. Here in Britain. latest research shows that the average waist size for a man is 36-38 inches and may be 42-44， inches by compares with only 32.6 inches in 1972. Women＇s waists have grown from an average of 22 inches in l920 to 24 inches in the Fifties and 30 inches now. One of the major reasons why children now are at greater risk is that we are getting fatter younger. In the UK alone. more than one million under-1.6s are classed as overweight or obese-double the number in the mid-Eighties. One inten four-year-olds are also medically classified as obesity pandemic-an extensive epidemic-whichstarted m the US， has now spread to Europe. Australia， Central America and the Middle East.
Many nations now record more than 20 per cent of- their population as clinically obese and well over half the population as overweight. Prof. Prentice said the change in our shape has been caused by a glut of easily available high-energy foods combined with a dramatic drop in the energy we use as a result of technology developments.
He is not alone in his concern. Only last week one medical journal revealed how obesity was fuelling a rise in cancer cases. Obesity also increases the risk factor for strokes and heart disease. An averagely obese person＇s lifespan is shortened by around nine years while a severely obese person by many more.
Prof. Prentice said： ＂So will parents outlive their children. as claimed recently by an American obesity specialist？＂ The answer is yes-and no. Yes，when the offspring become grossly obese. This is now becoming an alarmingly common occurrence in the US. Such children and adolescents have a greatly reced quality of life in terms of both their physical and psychosocial health. So say No to that doughnut and burger.
essor Andrew Prentice says kids will die young because of their__________________.
Britain， overweight or obese under-16s in the mid-Eighties were___________________today.
should be responsible for the change in our body shape according to the passage？
risk of some diseases such as cancer. strokes and heart disease may become greater e to_____________.
does the author suggest we do by saying ＂say No to that doughnut and burger＂ ？
阅读理解（四）
To fully understand the concept of the ＂Paperless Office＂，one must understand what it conceptually was supposed to mean，as well as what it has evolved into as its current y forms of the paperless office would have concentrated around word processing documents and the ability to create，store and manage their existence ver，you were limited in scope as to what you could do to＂manage＂these of the management revolved around viewing and perhaps sharing it with other users in the e were no automated programs that handled workflow，scanning，tagging and management of these documents ners were （at a cost-effective price）too expensive for the average office to acquire based on the return on the corporate level，there was no direction as to handle workflow and to analyze where paper came from and where it had to go internally and if there was a process in place，the tools were not mature enough or existing to handle it.
In the last few years，technology has finally been catching up to the needs and requirements of the office ners that previously cost tens of thousands of dollars now can be acquired for tal copiers/printers now incorporate high speed scanning and OCR capability，even at the lowest technology initiative has now been transferred to the IT and MIS departments of corporations as well as law rly，the tools necessary to transform paper-full to a paperless office are now widely then，is stopping the widespread adoption of the concept of the paperless office？Cultural issues are probably one of the largest obstructions to the implementation of the concept of the paperless nly，people feel comfortable doing what they know how to do best（shuffle paper around）and modifying theirhabits requires a focus that makes them feel that they are，in fact，doing things better and more ementing a paperless office environment that introces processes that are more difficult and technologically challenging than the previous environment is doomed to fail from the start，Keep all processes simple，intro ce technology that is easy to learn and use，and document the workflow.
did the early forms of paperless office lack for efficient management？
ners used not to be considered worthwhile when a company considers its_________________.
is implied that the concept of the paperless office is now adopted on a______________________scale.
is found that most people refuse the concept of the paperless office e to____________________factor.
does the author think about the processes of the paperless office environment in comparison with the paper-full office environment？
阅读理解（五）
Faced with the rapidly rising costs of employee benefits， companies are scaling back. It＇s become distressingly clear that employees are increasingly on their own when it comes to retirement savings and health care.
Employers don＇t typically trash （丢弃） an important employee benefit-too much negative press-but they are shifting more of these costs onto workers. who feel it in the form of higher health-care premiums， rising co-payments on drugs and much less certainty about their retirement finances.
Towers Perrin. a global human-resources-consulting firm， recently surveyed hundreds of U.S. companies representing more than 13 million employees on changer they are making-or contemplating making-to their employee-benefits packages. The knife cuts deepest on the most expensive benefits， with the biggest often being healty care.
It costs the average American company more than $14，000 per year to provide coverage to an employee and her family. The employer＇s response： shift more of that growing burden to workers. As a result， companies have seen their health-care spending rise 29% over the past five employees have seen their outlays-for premiums， co-pays and dectibles-rise 40%.
Retiree health care is getting hit hardest-just when the boomer generation needs it most. Of the employerssurveyed， 45% have already reced or eliminated subsidized health-care coverage for future retirees， and an additional 24% are planning to do so or considering it. Of those offering the perk（额外补贴）， roughly 25% put a dollar limit on how much they will spend per retiree. ＂Once the limit is reached， future inflation risk transfers to the retiree，＂ notes Ron Fontanetta. an executive with Towers Perrin.
Corporate pensions， the third leg of the proverbial retirement stool （the other two being Social Security and personal savings）， are also being eroded as the foundering （下挫的） stock market wreaks havoc on employer pension funds. At the end of 2008. employer-sponsored pension plans were underfunded by more than $400billion， according to Mercer， a management-consulting firn. The recent stock-market rally has halved that deficit. but it remains a funding sore spot and is one more reason that companies are turning away from this benefit.
＂Companies initiated many of these benefits in a different time，＂ says Fontanetta. ＂Retiree benefits started being offered when many companies had a young workforce with few retirees. so it was not really a cost they had to contend with.” Today it＇s the reverse， particularly in old-line oit’s Big Three automakers， for example， have more than Four rimes as many retirees as active hourly workers.
1. Instead of ending important employee benefits. employers are_____________.
2. According to Towers Perrin＇s survey， which 8spect of employee benefits is the most profoundly impacted？
3. The scaling down of retiree health greatly affected_________________.
4. Because of the stock market slump， companies are giving up_________________.
5. The last paragraph implies that companies cut back on retiree benefits because of_____________________.
阅读理解（六）
Some of the old worries about artificial intelligence were closely linked to the question of whether computers could first massive electronic computers，capable of rapid calculation and little or no creative activity，were soon bbed（取绰号）＂electronic brains＂.A reaction to this terminology quickly followed，computers were called＂high speed idiots＂，an effort to protect human not everyone realized theimplications of the high-speed idiot has not been pointed out enough that even the human idiot is one of the most intelligent life forms on the early computers were even that intelligent，it was already a remarkable state of affairs.
One consequence of speculation about the possibility of computer thought was that we were forced to examine with new care the idea of thought in soon became clear that we were not sure what we meant bysuch terms as thought and tend to assume that human beings think，some more than others，though we often call people thoughtless or ms cause a problem，partly because they usually happen outside our are obviously some type of mental experience，but are they a type of thinking？And the question of nonhuman life forms adds further of us would maintain that some of the higheranimals-dogs，cats，apes，and so on-are capable of at least basic thought，but what about fish and insects？If thinking is demonstrated by evident electrical activity in the brain，then many species are capable of we have formulated clear ideas on what thought is in biological creatures，it will be easier to discuss the question of thought in artifacts（人工制品） what is true of thought is also true of the many other mental of the immense benefits of a research is that we are being forced to scrutinize，with new rigor，the working of the human mind.
It is already clear that machines have superior mental abilities to many life fern or oak tree can play chess as well as even the simplest digital computer，nor can frogs weld car bodies as well as seems that，viewed in terms of intellect ，the computer should be set well above plants and most the higher animals can compete with computers with regard to intellect and even then with diminishing success.
did people think of the early computers？
rding to the author，the early computers is__________________than human idiots.
a result of speculating whether computer could think，we had to research more carefully to get_____________________.
do dreams cause the problem whether they are a type of thinking，according to the author？
does the author want to illustrate by mentioning the fern and the oak tree？
『陆』 英语4级阅读理解模拟题及答案
英语4级阅读理解模拟题及答案
阅读理解主要考查考生理解主旨要义、具体信息、概念性含义，进行有关的判断、推理和引申，根据上下文推测生词的词义等能力。下面我为大家搜索整理的关于英语4级阅读理解模拟题及答案，供大家参考学习，希望对您有所帮助。
What is it about Americans and food? We love to eat, but we feel 1 about it afterward. We say we want only the best, but we strangely enjoy junk food. We’re 2 with health and weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemic of obesity(肥胖). Perhaps the 3 to this ambivalence(矛盾情结) lies in our history. The first Europeans came to this continent searching for new spices but went in vain. The first cash crop(经济作物) wasn’t eaten but smoked. Then there was Prohibition, intended to prohibit drinking but actually encouraging more 4 ways of doing it.
The immigrant experience, too, has been one of inharmony. Do as Romans do means eating what “real Americans” eat, but our nation’s food has come to be 5 by imports—pizza, say, or hot dogs. And some of the country’s most treasured cooking comes from people who arrived here in shackles.
Perhaps it should come as no surprise then that food has been a medium for the nation’s defining struggles, whether at the Boston Tea Party or the sit?ins at southern lunch counters. It is integral to our concepts of health and even morality whether one refrains from alcohol for religious reasons or evades meat for political 6 .
But strong opinions have not brought 7 . Americans are ambivalent about what they put in their mouths. We have become 8 of our foods, especially as we learn more about what they contain.
The 9 in food is still prosperous in the American consciousness. It’s no coincidence, then, that the first Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in such bondage(束缚). It’s what we eat—and how we 10 it with friends, family, and strangers—that help define America as a community today.
A. answer I. creative
B. result J. belief
C. share K. suspicious
D. guilty L. certainty
E. constant M. obsessed
F. defined N. identify
G. vanish O. ideals
H. adapted
答案及解析
1.D feel是一个系动词，可以判断此处应填入一个形容词，通过上下文意思，以及后面介词about, 可以确定选项为D项guilty, 短语feel guilty about sth. “对……感到有愧”。全句的意思为“我们很爱吃，但是往往在吃完之后又有负罪感”。
2.M be obsessed with 为固定搭配，原意为“被……附上/缠住/迷住心窍”，放在本句表示“十分重视”。全句的意思为“我们很关心健康和减肥，但肥胖却又空前地在蔓延”。
3. A 本句缺一个名词作主语，并且根据和介词to的搭配，可以推断出正确选项answer.
4. I本句根据more和ways可以判断出需要填入一个形容词构成比较级，根据上下文，表示“旨在禁止酗酒的禁酒令，却激发了更多新奇的方法来酗酒”，可以确定I为正确选项。
5. F 本题较难。根据be 和by 确定应填入一个过去分词。再根据上下文，上文表示“应该吃典型的美国人吃的食物”，下文通过 but 转折，表示实际上“美国的.食物已经被诸如比萨和热狗这样的舶来品所诠释了”，因此可以确定F为正确选项。
6.B政治结果，可根据宗教原因religious reasons来推断此处填政治结果。
7. L由于横线后面没有宾语，可以确定不是形成bring的短语，这样本句所缺的为一名词，做bring的宾语。根据下文解释，“美国人对他们所吃的食物的态度是矛盾的”，可以推出本句意义为“坚定的观点也不是确定不变的”。因此可以确定L为正确选项。
8. K系动词become后应填入一个形容词，和后面介词of形成短语be/become suspicious of “对……感到怀疑”。
9. J本句缺一个名词作主语，并且根据和介词in的搭配，可以推断出正确选项belief，(have)belief in sth.“ 相信……”。
10. C本句是一般现在时，缺一个动词，且和with 搭配，确定选项为share, share sth. with sb., “与某人分享某事”。
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