全国卷英语阅读理解记叙文
❶ 2021年高考英语全国卷1 - 阅读理解A
Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel. The hostels in Rome offer a bed in a dorm room for around $25 a night, and for that, you’ll often get to stay in a central location with security and comfort.
对于旅行者来说，罗马很贵，这就是许多人选择住旅社的原因。罗马的旅社单人间每晚25美元左右，因此，你通常可以住在安全舒适的市中心。
Yellow Hostel
If I had to make just one recommendation for where to stay in Rome, it would be Yellow Hostel. It’s one of the best-rated hostels in the city, and for good reason. It’s affordable, and it’s got a fun atmosphere without being too noisy. As an added bonus, it’s close to the main train station.
如果一定要让我就罗马的住宿做一个推荐的话，那就是Yellow Hostel。这是本市评级最好的旅社之一，这是有充分理由的。价格实惠，气氛活跃又不太吵闹。另外还有一好处，离火车总站很近。
Hostel Alessandro Palace
If you love social hostels, this is the best hostel for you in Rome. Hostel Alessandro Palace is fun. Staff members hold plenty of bar events for guests like free shots, bar crawls and karaoke. There’s also an area on the rooftop for hanging out with other travelers ring the summer.
如果你喜欢社交型旅社，这就是罗马最好的。Hostel Alessandro Palace
很有意思，工作人员为客人举办很多酒吧活动，比如免费拍照、泡吧和卡拉OK。屋顶上还有一片区域，夏天可以和其他旅行者一起闲逛。
Youth Station Hostel
If you’re looking for cleanliness and a modern hostel, look no further than Youth Station. It offers beautiful furnishings and beds. There are plenty of other benefits, too; it doesn’t charge city tax; it has both air conditioning and a heater for the rooms; it also has free Wi-Fi in every room.
如果你想找一家干净而又现代化的旅社，没有比Youth Station更好的了。它提供漂亮的家具和床，另外：不收城市税；房间里有空调和暖气；每个房间都有免费Wi-Fi。
Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes
Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes is located just a 10-minute walk from the central city station and it’s close to all of the city’s main attractions. The staff is friendly and helpful, providing you with a map of the city when you arrive, and offering advice if you require some. However, you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi-Fi.
Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes距离市中心车站仅10分钟的步行路程，距离城市所有主要景点都很近。工作人员友好且乐于助人，在您到达时为您提供城市地图，并在您需要时提供建议。不过，使用Wi-Fi需要支付2欧元一天。
❷ 2022年高考英语全国甲卷 - 阅读理解B
Goffin's cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a "keyhole" in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped "keys" to choese from. Inserting the correct "key" would let out the nut.
戈芬的凤头鹦鹉是一种原产于澳大拉西亚的小鹦鹉，它的形状识别能力相当于两岁儿童。尽管野外的这些鸟不知道使用工具，但事实证明，在笼中长大弯吵的可以熟练使用。最近的一次实验中，给凤头鹦鹉一个盒子，盒子里有一颗坚果。盒子正面有一个几何形状的“钥匙孔”，给这些鸟五个不同形状的“钥匙”让它们从中选择。插入正确的“钥匙”坚果会掉出来。
In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical shapes. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an "allocentric frame of reference". In the experiment, Goffin's cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Goffin's cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies.
人纯槐类的婴儿大约一岁左右就可以在圆孔中放入圆形物品，但要想在对称性较差的情况下也能做到这一点，还需要一年的时间。这种能够识别形状需要朝特定方向转动才能匹配的能力被称为“异中心参照系”。在实验中，戈芬的凤头鹦鹉能够在大多数情况下仅通过视觉识别来选择合适的工具。经过反复试验，类似的测试中，凤头鹦鹉比猴子表现更好。这表明，当在空中移动物体时，戈芬的凤头鹦鹉确实具有异中心参照系，类似于两岁的婴儿。
The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues, or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
根据研究人员的说法，下一步是尝试确定做闹友凤头鹦鹉是完全依赖视觉线索，还是在选择形状时也使用触觉。
❸ 2021年高考英语全国卷1 - 阅读理解B
By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova — not as a musician but as her page turner. “I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.”
罗伯特·蒂特顿白天是个律师，业余时间，他和钢琴家玛丽亚·拉斯波娃一起上台——不是作为音乐家，而是作为她的翻页师。“我不是一个熟练的音乐家，但我学会了阅读音乐，所以我可以帮助玛丽亚表演。”
Mr Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group’s official page turner for the past four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn’t have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.
蒂特顿是欧米茄乐团的主席，在过去四年里一直是该组织的官方翻页师。他的工作是坐在钢琴家旁边翻阅乐谱，这样音乐家就不必自己动手而破坏声音的连续。他说他变得和舞台上那些演奏乐器的人一样紧张。
“A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot.” Mr Titterton explained.
蒂特顿解释道：“这份工作需要很多技能。当你必须翻到正确的位置时，你得确保不要一次翻两页，确保发现音乐中的重复部分。”。
Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and require up to 50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of “nodding” to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.
做一个翻页师需要大量的练习。有些曲子长达40分钟，最多需要翻50页，包括重复段落的往回翻。在台上无声的交流是关键，每个钢琴家都有自己的“点头”风格来示意翻页，这需要他们和翻页师练习。
But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. “I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand,” Mr Titterton said, “Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back.”
不过和所有的表演一样，有时也会出问题。”我正准备翻到下一页，但翻页的气流让剩余的几页从架子上掉了下来，”蒂特顿先生说，“幸好我抓住了它们，把它们放回去。”
Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Ms Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage.
大多数翻页师是钢琴专业的学生或是有前途的钢琴演奏家，尽管拉斯波娃女士曾经让她的丈夫在舞台上帮她翻页。
“My husband is the worst page turner,” she laughed. “He’s interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say: ‘Turn, turn!’ “Robert is the best page turner I’ve had in my entire life.”
“我丈夫是最糟糕的翻页师，”她笑道，“他沉浸入音乐，感受每个音符，我不得不说：‘翻页、翻页！’罗伯特是我一生中遇到的最棒的翻页师。”
❹ 2020年高考英语全国卷2 - 阅读理解A
History, Culture & Landscape. Discover and enjoy 4 centuries of history, 5 acres of celebrated and award-winning gardens with parkland walk. Owned by the Hasell family since 1679, home to the International Marmalade Festival. Gifts and antiques, plant sales, museums & Mediaeval Hall Tearoom.
历史、文化与景观。探索并欣赏4个世纪的历史，以及5英亩著名的带花园步道的获奖花园。花园自1679年起属于哈塞尔家族，是国际果酱节的举办地。礼品和古董、植物销售、博物馆和中世纪大厅茶室。
Open: 29 Mar- 29 Oct, Sun to Thurs.
开放时间：3月29日——10月29日，周日至周四。
Tearoom, Gardens & Gifts Shop: 10.30 – 17.30 (16:00 in Oct).
茶室、花园、礼品店：10:30–17:30（10月至16:00）。
House: 11.15 – 16:00 (15.00 in Oct)
房子：11:15 –16:00（10月至15:00）
Town: Pooley Bridge & Penrith
小镇：普尔桥和佩里思
Those viewing the quality of Abbot Hall’s temporary exhibitions may be forgiven for thinking they are in a city gallery. The impressive permanent collection includes Turners and Romneys and the temporary exhibition programme has Canaletto and the artists from St Ives.
那些观看Abbot Hall 临时展览的人可能会认为他们在城市美术馆，这是可以理解的。令人印象深刻的永久藏品包括特纳和罗姆尼，临时展品包括卡纳莱托和来自圣艾夫斯的画家。
Open: Min to Sat and Summer Sundays.10.30-17.00 Summer,10.30-16.00 Winter.
开放时间：上午至周六和夏季周日。夏季10.30-17.00，冬季10.30-16.00。
Town: Kendal
小镇：肯德尔
Discover, explore and enjoy award-winning Tullie House, where historic collections, contemporary art and family fun are brought together in one impressive museum and art gallery. There are four fantastic galleries to visit from fine art to interactive fun, so there’s something for everyone!
发现、探索并欣赏获过奖的图利之家，在一个令人印象深刻的博物馆和美术馆里，将历史藏品、当代艺术和家庭乐趣汇集在一起。从精美艺术到互动娱乐，这里有四个奇妙的画廊可供参观，所以这里适合每个人！
Open: High Season 1 Apr-31 Oct: Mon to Sat 10.00-17.00,Sun 11.00-17.00.
开放时间：旺季 4月1日至10月31日：周一至周六 10.00-17.00，周日 11:00-17:00。
Low Season 1 Nov-31 Mar: Mon to Sat 10.00-16.30,Sun 12.00-16.30
淡季 11月1日至3月31日：周一至周六 10:00-16:30，周日 12:00-16:30
Town: Carlisle
小镇：卡莱尔
Discover William Wordsworth’s inspiration home. Take a tour of his Lakeland cottage, walk through his hillside garden and explore the riches of the collection in the Museum. Visit the shop and relax in the café. Exhibitions, events and family activities throughout the year.
探索威廉·华兹华斯的灵感之家。参观他的湖滨别墅，穿过山坡花园，探索博物馆中丰富的藏品。参观商店，在咖啡馆里放松。全年有展览、活动和家庭活动。
Open: Daily,09.30-17.30(last admission 17.00).
开放时间：每天 09:30-17:30（最后入场时间17:00）。
Town: Grasmere
小镇：格拉斯米尔
❺ 2021年高考英语全国卷 - 阅读理解C
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly recing waterfowl habitat.
当探险家们第一次踏上北美洲大陆时，天空和大地上到处都是各种各样的野生动物，美洲土著人智慧地保护了这些宝贵的自然资源。然而仅仅几十年，探险家和定居者们就夺走了这些资源中的大部分。数百万只水鸟在市场猎人和一些野心勃勃的运动员手中被杀。上百万英亩，用于喂养和容纳不断增加的水禽种群的湿地干涸，水禽栖息地大大减少。
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, Iowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
1934年，随着《候鸟狩猎邮票法案》的通过，越来越受到关注的国家采取了坚定的行动，制止对候鸟水禽以及对它们的生存至关重要的湿地的破坏。根据该法案，所有16岁及以上的水禽猎手每年都必须购买并携带联邦鸭票。第一张联邦鸭票是由J.N.“丁”达林设计的，他是爱荷华州得梅因的一位政治漫画家，当时被富兰克林·罗斯福总统任命为生物调查局局长。猎人愿意购买鸭票，可以确保我们自然资源的生存。
About 98 percent of every ck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
每一张鸭票的98%直接进入候鸟保护基金，用于购买湿地和野生动物栖息地，纳入国家野生动物保护区系统——确保这片土地得到保护，提供给子孙后代。自1934年以来，已有超过5亿美元的资金投入该基金，用于购买超过500万英亩的栖息地。难怪联邦鸭票计划被称为有史以来最成功的保护计划之一。
❻ 1999年高考英语全国卷 - 阅读理解E
When a group of children politely stop a conversation with you, saying:“We have to go to work now,” you're left feeling surprised and certainly uneasy. After all, this is the 1990s and the idea of children working is just unthinkable. That is, until you are told that they are all pupils of stage schools and that the work“they go off” is to go on the stage in a theater.
当一群孩子礼貌地停止与你的对话，说：“我们现在得去上班了，”你会感到惊讶，当然也会感到不安。毕竟，现吵昌在是20世纪90年代，孩子们工作的想法是不可想象的，直到他们告诉你他们都是舞台学校的学生，“他们要去做”的工作就是在剧院的舞台上表演。
Stage schools often act as agencies to supply children for stage and television work. More worthy of the name “stage school” are those few places where children attend full time, with training for the theatre and a general ecation.
舞台学校经常充当中介机构为孩子们提供舞台和电视工作。更应该称之为“舞台学校”的是少数几个为孩子们提供全日制学习的地方，包括戏剧培训和常规教育。
A visit to such schools will leave you in no doubt that the children enjoy themselves. After all, what lively children wouldn't settle for spending only half the day doing ordinary school work, and acting, singing or dancing their way through the other half of the day?
毫无疑问，参观这样的学校，你会发现孩子们很开心。毕竟，活泼的孩子怎么会满足于只花半天时间做普通学校的作业，另半天时间表演、唱歌或跳舞呢？
Then of course there is time for the children to make a name and make a little money in some big shows. Some stage schools give their children too much professional work at such a young age. But the law is very tight on the amount they can do. Those under 13 are limited to 40 days in the year and those over 13 to 80 days.
当然，孩子们还有机会在一些大型演出中露脸并赚点小钱。一些舞台学校在孩子很小的时候就给他们提供了非常多的专业工作，但法律严格限制可以做的工作数量。13岁升锋扒以下的孩子一年基缺只能做40天，而13以上的孩子一年可以做80天。
The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the profession for which they are being trained. So what happens to those who don't make it? While all the leading schools say they place great importance on children getting good study results, the facts seem to suggest this is not always the case.
学校承认，并不是所有的孩子都能在他们正在接受的职业中取得成功。那么，那些没有成功的孩子会怎样呢？虽然所有主要的学校都说他们非常重视孩子取得好的学习成绩，但事实似乎表明，情况并非总是如此。
❼ 2021高考英语全国乙卷阅读理解D篇优劣辨析
2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试D篇
原文链接：
https://hbr.org/2017/10/why-you-can-focus-in-a-coffee-shop-but-not-in-your-open-office
2021全国乙卷D篇文本
During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction(干扰) in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street —so I can focus. "His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout (布局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels(分贝),70 decibels, and 85decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however,the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop-significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise—not too loud and not total silence—may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of"distracted focus"appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
32. Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space?
A. It helps him concentrate.
B. It blocks out background noise.
C. It has a pleasant atmosphere.
D. It encourages face-to-face interactions.
33. Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability?
A. Total silence.
B. 50 decibels.
C. 70 decibels.
D. 85 decibels.
34. What makes an open office unwelcome to many people?
A. Personal privacy unprotected.
B. Limited working space.
C. Restrictions on group discussion.
D. Constant interruptions.
35.What can we infer about the author from the text?
A. He's a news reporter. B. He’s on office manager.
C. He's a professional designer. D. He's a published writer.
答案：ACDD
解读：
文章大意：办公环境“噪音”对环境当中的“人的大脑”的影响。“带入式”噪音和“非带入式噪音”是有差别的。文本词数：394。
本文本因为对原文进行了大量的删减。所以可以看出删除部分包含以文章main idea为核心的相关research, 也就是缺少了连贯的科学研究过程的阐述，且以作者第一人称来叙述，研究并非作者亲自参与，所以文章style属于叙事体，高考当中的文本体裁趋近界定为nonfiction范畴的类科普说明文（事实上是缺少科普文所应该具备的要素的）。
文章当中有一个关键信息词汇coworking space。
拓展信息：
联合办公（共享办公）是一种为降低办公室租赁成本的办公模式，来自不同公司的个人在联合办公空间中共同工作，在特别设计和安排的办公空间中共享办公环境，彼此独立完成各自项目。同样的，其应该具有以下四个要素：轻服务——免费提供公共办公空间、网络、茶水、打印、安保服务等够灵活——即租即用，租期灵活，领包入住分割式——一个办公场地被划分为许多小块，按照自身需求寻找相应共享式——来自不同公司的个人共享一个办公环境，更加强调空间与人之间的连接。国内的联合办公行业，各品牌已经开始有自己较为明晰对的定位和细分客群， 优客工场和氪空间拥有现如今国内最大的空间数量以及经营面积，主张便捷高效的办公理念，在引入多元化投资机构的同时，已逐步完成了自身生态圈体系的搭建。
2.1第一段当中During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction(干扰) in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street —so I can focus. "His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout (布局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
本段命题人对原文有一定的改编，首句起到一个引入主题的作用，但对文章整体核心信息并没有密切的关联性，所以篇章首句并非都是文本信息具有main idea 有提示作用的关键句（如很多文本解读所述）。整体看，第一段内容属于中式思维改编，具有一定的跳跃性，但整体信息可以理解。第一段最后两句的转折从信息摄入角度看，因信息不足显得牵强。此处，命题人命制了第一题：
32. Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space?
A. It helps him concentrate.
B. It blocks out background noise.
C. It has a pleasant atmosphere.
D. It encourages face-to-face interactions.
其实本题的信息提示点遍布全文。只要读懂全文，回答这个问题就比较容易。但是仅仅从第一段信息来看，试题的答案的文本信息支持是不足的。而本文当中如本题题干提示题境的the interviewer的选择仅仅在第一段中提到，因此判断其相关性很牵强。作为考试题答案选择A。第一段最后一句是一个过渡句，引起下文提到的研究。但是命题人改编删减后，下文提到的研究所表述的内容和原文的核心信息发生了偏离，同时“开放办公环境”和“联合/共享区域办公”的差异性没有体现出来。使得文章主体信息发生了偏离。但是不影响做题。
2.2文本第二段：The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels(分贝),70 decibels, and 85decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however,the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop-significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.
但在70分贝噪音环境中（和咖啡厅里的噪音水平非常接近）的那一组在创造性思维测试中的表现是远超过其它组的表现的。此外，我们的创造性思维水平在完全安静的环境中和在85分贝的背景噪音环境中其实并没有多大差别。此处阐述研究发现人们工作环境的噪音分贝对人们创造性思维的影响。信息直观陈述。下一题：33. Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability?
Total silence. B. 50 decibels. C. 70 decibels. D. 85 decibels. 因为题干信息提示非常具体—— promote creative thinking ability，回读文章however,the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop-significantly outperformed the other groups.既可以选择答案为C。此处，从做题角度需要考生读懂几个关键数字（分贝）相关联的信息。上句是一个复杂巨，把破折号部分去掉，理解outperform基本就可以理解此处信息点，选择正确答案。
2.3 文本第三段和第四段
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise—not too loud and not total silence—may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of"distracted focus"appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
这两段信息也是经过命题人以自己的思维模式删减改编的。整体上已经偏离了原文所要传递的科学规范的逻辑思路和信息。变成了命题人自己的thoughts。所以从文章精准信息传递上比较欠缺严谨性。第三段所表达的内容基本属于相关研究结果。属于对“开放式办公环境”噪音影响思维的一个研究作证，但并非是“开放式”办公环境思维能力受干扰的直接相关因素。直接因素是：熟悉环境下人们交谈等内容对听者所引发的代入感才是真正的“干扰”。此处命题：
34. What makes an open office unwelcome to many people?
A. Personal privacy unprotected.
B. Limited working space.
C. Restrictions on group discussion.
D. Constant interruptions.
题干提示下的四个备选答案ABC三个选项在文中基本没有出现相关信息。只有D可以被选为正确答案。此题的问题在于背离真实科学信息而设立的情境。那么这种阅读理解以及阅读理解考查就是虚假的理解测评。
35.What can we infer about the author from the text?
A. He's a news reporter. B. He’s on office manager.
C. He's a professional designer. D. He's a published writer.
最后一个题目设置的比较头重脚轻，需要回到文章首句。基本就可以选择答案了。这个题目从测试目标看效果不太理想。
总结：本文内容特色提及了关于“人脑对于噪音”的影响反应。属于科普知识。但是文章语境涉及的是办公环境，是学生所不熟悉的信息。与学生生活学习相关性不大。同时，此类研究并非学术界主流话题研究，非热点话题。文章经过删减改变后信息传递发生了本质变化，违背了传递真实信息的原则，也就是，读者摄取的可能是不真实的信息。这是本文文本所变现的问题。本篇高考阅读理解难度从考场答题角度来说属于中等或中等偏下。题目设置以及干扰项并非很完整。
A few years ago, ring a media interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still ponder often. Ranting about the level of distraction in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street — so I can focus.”
While I fully support the backlash against open offices, the comment struck me as odd. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout.
But I recently came across a series of studies examining the effect of sound on the brain that reveals why his strategy works.
From previous research, we know that workers’ primary problem with open or cubicle-filled offices is the unwanted noise.
But new research shows that it may not be the sound itself that distracts us…it may be who is making it. In fact, some level of office banter in the background might actually benefit our ability to do creative tasks, provided we don’t get drawn into the conversation. Instead of total silence, the ideal work environment for creative work has a little bit of background noise. That’s why you might focus really well in a noisy coffee shop, but barely be able to concentrate in a noisy office.
One study, published in the Journal of Consumer Research, found that the right level of ambient noise triggers our minds to think more creatively. The researchers, led by Ravi Mehta of the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking.
Participants were randomized into four groups and everyone was asked to complete a Remote Associates Test (a commonly used measurement that judges creative thinking by asking test-takers to find the relationship between a series of words that, as first glance, appear unrelated). Depending on the group, participants were exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group (those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop) significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking doesn’t differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise — the equivalent of a loud garbage disposal or a quiet motorcycle. Since none of us presumably want to work next to a garbage disposal or motorcycle, I found this surprising.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise — not too loud and not total silence — may actually boost one’s creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may disrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This type of “distracted focus” appears to be the optimal state for working on creative tasks. As the authors write, “Getting into a relatively noisy environment may trigger the brain to think abstractly, and thus generate creative ideas.”
In another study, researchers used frontal lobe electroencephalographic (EEG) machines to study the brain waves of participants as they completed tests of creativity while exposed to various sound environments. The researchers found statistically significant changes in creativity scores and a connection between those scores and certain brain waves. As in the previous study, a certain level of white noise proved the ideal background sound for creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The quiet chatter of colleagues and the gentle thrum of the HVAC should help us focus. The problem may be that, in our offices, we can’t stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations or from being interrupted while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the EEG researchers found that face-to-face interactions, conversations, and other disruptions negatively affect the creative process. By contrast, a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of ambient noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
Taken together, the lesson here is that the ideal space for focused work is not about freedom from noise, but about freedom from interruption. Finding a space you can hide away in, regardless of how noisy it is, may be the best strategy for making sure you get the important work done.
原文翻译：
相信很多人都有这样的感受：在很吵的咖啡厅能够非常专注地工作，但在开放式的办公室却很难做到专注。究竟为什么会出现这种现象呢？研究表明，适当水平的环境噪音能激发我们的思维进行更有创造性地思考。让我们在工作中分心的可能并不是噪音本身，而是是谁制造的这些声音。在开放式的办公室，我们通常无法阻止自己被其他人的谈话内容所吸引和带入，或是当我们想集中注意力时却经常被其他人打断和打扰。适合专注工作的理想工作环境并不是没有一点噪音的安静环境，而是一种不会受到他人打断和干扰的环境。
几年前，有一位媒体记者朋友针对我刚出版的一本新书对我做了一次专访，专访期间，这位媒体记者说的一段让我至今都经常思考的话。他说，他所在的开放式办公环境的噪音让他非常容易分心，对此他已经忍无可忍，于是他在公司办公楼街对面的一个联合办公空间办了一个会员，他在那里能更加专注地工作。
开放式的办公环境的各种噪音容易让人分心，对于这一点我非常认同，也深有体会。但是这位记者朋友说到的联合办公空间能够让他更加专注地工作，这一点却让我很难理解。毕竟联合办公空间通常采用的也是开放式的办公布局。
但是最近当我看了一系列研究声音对大脑的影响方面的文章后，我才开始理解为什么我的那位媒体朋友为了能专注地工作而选择在联合办公空间工作而不愿在自己的开放式办公室工作。
根据之前的研究，我们知道，开放式办公环境让大家最头疼的一个问题就是有各种大家不想听到的噪音。
但是最新的研究发现，让我们在工作中分心的可能并不是声音本身，而是是谁制造的这些声音。实际上，适度的办公室幽默和闲言笑语对我们完成一些创造性的工作是有帮助的，只要我们自己不被这种闲言笑语带进去就行。适合创造性工作的理想工作环境其实并不是那种一点噪音都没有的绝对安静的环境，而是有那种有适度水平的背景噪音的环境。这也是为什么你能够在一个有点吵的咖啡厅里专注工作，而在一个嘈杂的办公室里却很难集中精力工作。
《消费者研究周刊》发布的一份研究报告显示，适当水平的环境噪音能激发我们的思维进行更有创造性地思考。伊利诺伊大学香槟分校的Ravi Mehta教授带领一些研究人员做了这样一项研究：研究了不同水平的噪音是如何影响那些正在进行创造性思维测试的研究对象的。
研究对象被随机分为四组，每个人都被要求完成一项远距离联想测试（注：研究创造力问题的一种测验方法。通常，提供几个相隔较远的词组，猜测它们共同的关联词。如，“盐 、 深 、 沫”，它的关联词是“海”。创造性思考是将联想得来的元素重新整合的过程。新结合的元素相互之间联想的距离越远，这个思维的过程或问题的解决就更有创造力。有创造力的人的联想不同于一般人。有创造力的人他们有广泛的联想，一个元素可以与许多其他元素连接；而一般人的元素连接则比较少）。以组为单位，我们会为研究对象在测试过程中设置不同水平的噪音，从完全的静音到50分贝、70分贝和85分贝的噪音。大部分分组之间的差异其实并不是太大，但在70分贝噪音环境中（和咖啡厅里的噪音水平非常接近）的那一组在创造性思维测试中的表现是远超过其它组的表现的。此外，我们的创造性思维水平在完全安静的环境中和在85分贝的背景噪音环境中其实并没有多大差别。
因为在70分贝的噪音环境中的那一组的研究对象在创造性思维测试中的表现明显好于其它组，因此研究认为，恰当水平的背景噪音（噪音不是太大，也不太过安静）实际上是有助于提高一个人的创造性思维能力的。恰当水平的背景噪音可能会打乱我们正常的思维模式，使我们的想象力得以漫游，但又不至于会让我们无法集中注意力。这种“分心式的专注”能够让我们以最佳状态完成创造性任务。正如作者所写的的那样：“在一个相对嘈杂的环境中可能会刺激我们的大脑进行更加抽象性地思考，从而产生创造性的想法。”
在另一项研究中，当研究对象在不同水平的噪音环境下完成创造性思维测试的时候，研究人员使用额叶脑电图（EEG）机器来研究研究对象的脑电波。研究人员发现，研究对象的创造性思维的表现分数在不同噪音环境下的变化是非常大的，同时还发现这个分数与特定的脑电波是有紧密联系的。和此前的研究结果一样，一定水平的白噪音环境是完成创造性任务的理想环境。
所以问题来了：为什么我们中的大部分人都讨厌在开放式的办公室里办公呢？同事们之间小声安静的交谈和空调系统制造的柔和声音应该是能帮助我们集中注意力的。但问题是，在我们所处的开放式办公室里，我们通常无法阻止自己被其他人的谈话内容所吸引和带入，或是当我们想集中注意力时却经常被其他人打断和打扰。事实上，脑电图研究人员发现，面对面的交流、交谈和其他干扰会对人们的创造性工作过程产生负面影响。相比之下，联合办公空间或咖啡馆提供了一定程度的陌生环境噪音，同时也能让自己免受他人的打扰，不会有人在你努力集中注意力工作的时候走过来打断你、干扰你。
总的来说，我们通过上述这些研究成果学到的是：适合专注工作的理想工作环境并不是没有一点噪音都没有的决定安静的环境，而是一种不会受到他人打断和干扰的环境。因此，找到一个你可以沉浸进去专注工作的环境，不管这个环境有多嘈杂，这才是确保你能完成重要工作的最佳策略。
日记本
相关推荐
Tranquil
阅读 58
You exist only in what you do
阅读 48
茶余饭后
阅读 57
创新类畅销书《如何杀死一头独角兽 How To Kill a Unicorn》（英文节选）I
阅读 45
环境教育质性研究的不同类型、操作案例、使用情境
阅读 316
❽ 2020年高考英语全国卷2 - 阅读理解D
I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library,
图书馆在我心中的地位很特殊，从我记事起就是这样。我一直是一个热心的读者，小时候每天看三本书。故事对我来说就像空气一样不可或缺，当其他孩子打球或参加派对时，我在从图书馆借来的书中体验冒险，
My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old. It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.
我的第一份工作是在Ukiah图书馆工作，当时我16岁。这份工作梦寐以求，从上架书籍到给孩子们读故事，我做了所有的事情。
As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children, and books were our main source of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.
长大后成为一名母亲，图书馆在我的生活中占据了一个新的位置，增加了意义。我有几个孩子，书籍是我们的主要快乐来源。对我们来说，带上食物去当地的图书馆是件大事，我的孩子们可以在那里挑选要读的书或者想让我读给他们听的书。
I always read, using different voices, as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it! It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books.
我总是用不同的声音阅读，就好像我在用自己的声音表演故事，他们喜欢这样！这是一个与我的孩子们建立联系的特殊时刻，让他们感受到书的奇妙。
Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on from generation to generation.
现在，我看到我的孩子们带着他们的孩子去图书馆，我喜欢去图书馆的兴奋感代代相传。
As a novelist, I've found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can't afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.
作为一名小说家，我与图书馆建立了新的关系。我鼓励读者在买不起书的时候去当地的图书馆。我把图书馆看成是读者和作家的避风港，这是一座桥梁，帮助读者和书相连接。图书馆以自己的方式帮助打击图书盗版，我认为所有的作家都应该在可能的情况下大力支持图书馆。鼓励读者使用图书馆，在社交媒体上共享图书馆公告，经常使用它们，并在可能的时候谈论它们。
❾ 2022年高考英语全国甲卷 - 阅读理解C
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
吉妮·巴兹林顿到达南极洲时，一群渴望问好的小巴布亚企鹅向她打招呼。这些温柔可爱的看门人欢迎她，开始了一段吉妮永远难忘的旅程。
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
现年71岁的吉妮从小就热爱旅行。在她的职业舞蹈生涯中，曾在英国巡回演出，一直渴望继续探险。当她从舞蹈中退休，儿子们最终各自成家立业后，决定是时候冒险了。
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. "I just decided wanted to go," she says. "I had no idea about what I'd find there and I wasn't nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way."
在奇切斯特大学获得相关艺术学位后，吉妮开始周游世界，最终在日本和智利找到了教英语的工作。她发现，在智利，她可以在最后一刻买到从南美大陆最南端火地岛出发前往南极洲的便宜船票。“我只是想去，”她说，“我不知道在那里会发现什么，我也不紧张，我只是想去。我想一个人去，因为我总是喜欢这样。”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she'd never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. "From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has," Ginni says. "I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater."
2008年3月，吉妮登上一艘载有48名乘客的船，开启了她从未经历的南极洲之旅。“从看野生动物到看日出，整个过程令人惊叹。南极洲给我留下了独一无二的印象，”吉妮说，“我记得我第一次看到座头鲸时，它就像史前生物一样从水中浮出水面，我认为它在向我们微笑。你还可以听见它在水下发出的歌剧般的声音。”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
认识到这是一块宝贵的土地，应该受到人类的尊重，这就是对吉妮来说最重要的事情之一。