高考英语阅读真题长难句分析

1. 高考英语长难句解析，要分析句子结构，句子意思。有什么语法

1、although
引导的让步状语从句，表示“虽然，纵然”之意。一般可与yet,
still
或nevertheless连用，但不能与but连用。值得注意的是，although引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前的情况较多。
2、
the
most
important
thing
是主语，about
this
new
type
of
pineapple
介词短语作定语修饰thing
，that
引导的宾语从句，we
had
known其实是省了that
的定语从句，修饰它前面的the
his-and-miss
pineapples
。

2. 英语长难句及其分析

英语句子特别长也难记，我们可以分成一小段一小段去记忆

3. 历年高考中出现的英语长难句(2)

51. News reports say peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached.

新闻报道说这两个国家的和平谈判失败,没有达成协议。

简析：关键词break down失败，reach an agreement达成协议。

52. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once have they quarreled with each other.

这对老年夫妇结婚40年了，两人从来没有一次争吵。

简析：含主谓倒装句。

53. After all, Ed’s idea of exercise has always been nothing more effort-making than lifting a fork to his mouth.

要记住的是，伊德搞锻炼的想法根本没有进餐使用刀叉那么费力。

简析：含比较级句型。

54.As a result , at the point in our game when I’d have figured on (predicted) the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor , it was instead 7 to 9 — and Ed was leading.

就在我们比赛之前，我曾预料这场比赛对我有利，比分大概是9比1，结果比分反而是7比9，伊德暂时领先。

简析：关键词figure on预计，估计;in one’s favor对某人有利。

55.So when Ed arrived for our game not only with the bottom of his shirt gathered inside his trousers but also with a stomach you could hardly notice , I was so surprised that I was speechless , my cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape .

因此当伊德来参加我们的比赛时,我发现他不仅将衬衫的底部扎进裤里,而且几乎注意不到他的肚子,我感到很惊奇,以致无话可说,我的表弟过去一定努力把自己训练好,保持很好的竞技状态。

简析：含有not only…but also…及so…that…的句型结构，must have P.P表示对过去事实的推测。

56.In a way , I think we both won : I the game , but cousin Ed my respect.

在一定程度上，我认为我们都赢了，我赢得了这次比赛，伊德表弟赢得了我的尊重。

简析：承前省略谓语动词won。

57. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows what to do with it.

据说在澳大利亚土地太多以致政府不知道怎么去处理。

简析：含比较级句型。

58. The research is so designed that once begun nothing can be done to change it.

这项研究设计得如此好以致一旦开始任何事都不可能改变它。

简析：夹杂过去分词短语once begun。

59. The mother didn’t know who to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.

妈妈不知道谁应该受责备，因为打破玻璃这件事是她不在家里的时候发生的。

简析：关键词be to blame受责备。

60.When I was in the army I received an intelligence test that all soldiers took, and , against an average of 100 , scored 160.

当我在军队服役时，我曾接受过所有战士都参加的智力测试,与平均分100分相比，我得了160分。

简析：关键词against 与…相比较。

61.We didn’t plan our art exhibition like that but it worked out very well

我们原不是那样计划艺术展览的，但出来的结果却很好。

简析：关键词work out 结果是……

62. The home improvements have taken what little there is of my spare time .

房子装修花费我的闲暇时间不多。

简析：句型结构little of的用法，例We see very little of our children (we do not see them often) now that they are grown up.孩子们已经长大了，所以我们现在很少见到他们。

63. Having suffered such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.

这条河流已经遭受很重的污染，现在要清理为时太晚。

简析：含too…to…句型及现在分词的完成式。

64. Most believe the footprints are nothing more than ordinary animal tracks , which had been made larger as they melted and refroze in the snow.

大多数人相信这些脚印只是普通动物的足迹，这些足迹由于在雪里融化再结冰而变大了。

简析：关键词nothing more than only。

65. But if they ever succeed in catching one, they may face a real problem: would they put it in a zoo or give it a room in a hotel?

但若他们真的抓住一个“雪人”的话，那么他们可能面临一个现实问题：他们会把它放进动物园，还是在一个旅馆里给它一个房间呢?

简析：含选择疑问句型。

66. With proction up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.

产量增长了60%，公司又经历了一个极好的年头。

简析：含with构成的介词短语。

67. The WTO cannot live up to its name if it dose not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind.

世贸组织如果没有一个占世界五分之一人口的大国加入的话，那么它就不能名副其实。

简析：关键词live up to one’s name 名副其实。

68. It is the ability to do the job that matters not where you come from or what you are.

重要的是你做这件工作的能力，而不是你来自什么地方，或是你是什么身份。

简析：强调句型It is +强调部分+that / who+从句。

69. How could I ever get him to finish unloading the car without screaming at me and making a scene in front of the other girls, who I would have to spend the rest of the year with?

我怎么才能让父亲卸完车上的行李而不向我大喊大叫，在其他女孩子面前出洋相呢?我还要和这些女孩一起度过以后的日子。

简析：关键词make a scene 大吵大闹，出洋相。

70.Dad’s face turned decidedly less red before he could bring out a “yes”.

父亲在说出一声“是”之前,脸终于没有先前那么红了。

简析：迂回表达，心情如释重负。

71. Soon I heard a sound like that of a door burst in , and then a climb of feet.

很快我听到好象是门被撞进的声音，接着是一阵上楼的脚步声。

简析：that替代前而的sound。

72. Father took the still smoking pistol from my hand, and fired another shot, which killed the gorilla.

爸爸从我手里拿起那只仍冒烟的枪，又开了一枪，这才杀死了那只大猩猩。

简析：关键词fire another shot 又开了一枪。

73.It happened that father had sent us upstairs because he thought he would be able to lock the door—which was twenty feet away—before the animal reached it.

事情发生是这样的,爸爸先把我们送上楼，因为他原以为他能够在那个动物赶到之前(距离20英尺远)将门锁上。

简析：句型结构It happened that…事情发生是这样的…

74. He certainly looked the part all right, he thought, as he admired himself in the mirror.

当他在镜子前自我欣赏时，他想他当然看上去很适合那个角色。

简析：关键词all right确实，无疑。

75. He put his head in his hands and tried to remember his lines, but nothing came to his mind.

他抱着头，尽力的想台词，但什么也想不起来。

简析：迂回表达nothing came to his mind=He remembered nothing.

76. In fact the more he watched the play, the more he felt himself part of it.

实际上，他越是观看这台戏剧，他越是认为自己已进入角色。

简析：句型结构the more…the more…越…越…

77. Instead she took a short walk in a park nearby and came home, letting herself in through the back door.

反而，她在附近公园散步一会儿就回到家，她经过后门让自己进去的。

简析：分词短语letting herself in 作状语。

78. She settled down to wait and see what would happen.

她静下心来等，看会发生什么事。

简析：关键词settle down to do sth 静下心来做…

79. Picking up the kettle of boiling water, she moved quietly towards the door.

她拿起那个装着开水的壶，悄悄地向门移动。

简析：现在分词短语作伴随状语。

80. A sharp cry was heard outside as the wire fell to the floor and the hand was pulled back, which was followed by the sound of running feet.

当那根铁丝掉在地上，哪只手缩回时，外面传来尖叫声，接着是逃跑的声音。

简析：三处被动语态间接描述小偷遭到的惩罚。

81. It wasn’t long before the police caught the thief.

很快警察抓住了那个小偷。

简析：句型结构It wasn’t long before+从句，很快就…

82. Then, I noticed a tall man by the door, carrying something covered with brown paper.

接着，我注意到门旁一个高个子男人，拿着用棕色纸遮盖着的某种东西。

简析：含两个分词短语。

83. Turning to my next customer, I was terrified to see a gun stuck out of his coat.

转向下一个顾客，看见一杆枪从他的外套伸出来，我非常恐惧。

简析：过去分词短语作to see的宾补。

84.“Smith!” the manager cried out in a voice like thunder “None of your excuses! Go start work at once! ”

“史密斯!”经理用象雷一样的声音大喊，“你不要找借口!给我立即开始工作。”

简析：口语化的语言。

85. Waiting above the crowded streets, on top of a building 110 stories high, was Philippe Pettit.

菲力浦帕底特在110层高的建筑物上，人群拥挤的大街上空等候。

简析：含倒装句型及分词用法。

86. Philippe took his first step with great care. The wire held Now he was sure he could do it.

菲力浦非常小心地迈开第一步，钢丝绳承受住了，现在他确信他可以走钢丝了。

简析：关键词hold (vi) 承受。

87.And thousands of terrified(badly frightened)watchers stared with their hearts beating fast.

成千上万感到很害怕的观众盯着看，他们的心跳很快。

简析：含with构成的介词短语。

88. Already she does many things a human being can do.

她已经会做一个人能做的许多事情。

简析：含定语从句。

89. She even enjoys watching television before going to bed.

她甚至喜欢在上床睡觉前看电视。

简析：含分词及动名词。

90. The measure of a man’s real character is what he would do if he knew he would never be found out.

衡量一个人真正品质的标准是看如果他知道他不会被别人发现的情况下他会做些什么事。

简析：表语从句中还含有虚拟语气。

91.Thirty years after being introced to McCauley’s words, they still seem to me the best yardstick(准绳), because they give us a way to measure ourselves rather than others.

在我知道玛考雷名言三十年后，它对我来说仍是最好的人生准则，因为这句名言给我们提供了一种衡量我们自己而不是他人的方法。

简析：关键词introce引见，例：Let me introce you to the pleasures of wine-tasting让我给你说说品酒的乐趣。

92. Few of us are asked to make great decisions about nations going to war or armies going to battle, but all of us are called upon daily to make a great many personal decisions.

我们当中很少有人被要求作出关于国家进行战争，军队进行战斗的重大决定，但我们每天都要求作出很多个人的决定。

简析：含动名词的所有格形式。

93. Here’s a fellow who just walks into a bank and helps himself to so much money.

有一个家伙，就这样走进一家银行，擅自拿走这么多钱。

简析：help oneself to擅自拿走。

94. Todd thought of the difficulty with which he managed to get the amount of money he needed to start his gas station.

托德想起自己的难处，他曾设法搞一大笔钱，他需要这笔钱来开办他的加油站。

简析：夹杂两个定语从句。

95. Don’t pick up strangers and all your folks in gas stations better not do service to a white Ford car.

不要搭载陌生人，加油站所有的工作人员最好不要为一辆白色福特牌小汽车服务。

简析：关键词folks，加油站的工作人员。

96. “Fill her up”, the man said sounding like any other driver.

“给车加油”那个男人说，听起来(这个劫匪)就好像是其他任何一名司机。

简析：关键词sound like 听起来像…

97. It seemed that there was no suitable work for him.

看来对他来说没有合适的工作。

简析：关键词suitable适合的。

98. But when John and his fellow soldier came in sight some of the people watching couldn’t help laughing at the one who couldn’t keep pace with the others as they march along.

但当约翰和他的战友们出现时，一些观看的人们禁不住嘲笑那个在行进中不能同步的那个人(约翰)。

简析：句子结构较复杂，关键词keep pace with 与…步伐一致。

99. They not only make it difficult to sleep at night, but they are doing damage to our houses and shops of historical interest.

他们不仅使人们在晚上睡觉困难，而且他们损害我们历史名胜的房子和商店。

简析：句型结构not only…but (also) …不仅…而且…

100. Hary also studying biology said they wanted to make as much noise as possible to force the government officials to realize what everybody was having to stand.

也攻读生物学的哈利说他们要制造尽可能大的噪音来迫使政府官员们认识到大家正不得不忍受的东西。

简析：句型结构as...as possible尽可能地……

4. 高考英语经典长难句的分析(2)

8.One of the earliest epidemics on record happened about500-550 AD when the Roman emperor at the time wasattemptingto rebuild the Roman Empire.

【句式翻译】历史上有记载的最早的传染病之一发生在公元500-550年，当时的罗马皇帝正在试图重建罗马帝国。

【句式分析】本句包含一个when引导的限制性定语从句，从句中运用了过去进行时。

【词语点拨】attempt v.& n.尝试，试图

William attempted to find the solution to the problem.

威廉试图找到问题的解决办法。

He was nearly drowned in the attempt to swim across.

他在试图游到对岸去时差一点被淹死。

【语法点拨】过去进行时的构成：was/were doing，表示“过去某个时间正在进行的动作”。常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。如：

What was he writing all day last Sunday?

上周日他一整天都在写什么?

My brother fell while hewas ridinghis bicycle and hurt himself.

我哥哥骑自行车的时候从车上摔下来受伤了。

9. The last few years have seen environmentaldisasterson a grand scale, andexperts are predicting far worse to come.

【句式翻译】最近的几年里，人们见证了大规模的环境灾难，专家们预测更为严重的灾难即将发生。

【句式分析】本句是由并列连词and连接的复合句，第一个分句运用了现在完成时。

【词语点拨】on a grand scale大规模地，大张旗鼓地

We should popularize scienceona grand scale.

我们应该大规模普及科学。

【语法点拨】现在完成时的构成：has/have done，常表示“某一动作或状态发生在过去，对现在有影响”，也可表示“持续到现在的动作或状态”。常用的时间状语：for或since引导的时间状语及before, until now, up till now,so far, up to the moment, in the last few years等。如：

Wehave bookeda roomfor today and tomorrow.

我们已经预订了今天和明天的房间。

The househas been emptyfor ages.

这幢房子已经空了相当长时间了。(现在仍空着)

10. In the last few decades, scientists havereachedconsensusand reported that human beings are causing changes inthe Earth’s climate -- something previously seen asbeyondour control.

【句式翻译】最近几十年，科学家们达成共识并报道说，人类正在引起地球的气候变化—而这在以前看来是我们不能控制的。

【句式分析】本句是复合句，含有一个that引导的宾语从句，主句中运用了现在完成时。

【词语点拨】1) reach (a) consensus 达成共识，达成一致意见

It is very difficult for them toreach a consensuson this issue.

他们在这个问题上很难取得一致意见。

2) beyond prep. 超过;越过;在…较远的一边

The delay was caused by heavy weather and wasbeyond our control.

延迟是由恶劣天气造成的，我们无法控制。

The beauty of the scene wasbeyond compare.

景色之美无与伦比。

Linda always wondered what wasbeyond the horizon.

琳达总是纳闷着地平线的那一边是什么。

【语法点拨】现在完成时，具体用法第10句。

11. Treatments for jellyfish stings and snakebites havealso beendevelopedand in thelast five years there have been only three deaths from jellyfish stings andabout the same number from snakebites.

【句式翻译】治疗水母刺伤和毒蛇咬伤方法也已经研制成功，在过去的五年里只有三人死于水母刺伤，这与被蛇咬伤致死的人数大体相同。

【句式分析】本句是由并列连词and连接的复合句，第一个分句运用了现在完成时的被动语态。

【词语点拨】develop v.开发，发展，研制(新产品)

Over the last few years tourism here hasdevelopedconsiderably.

在过去几年里，这里的旅游业获得了相当大的发展。

The two companies have teamed up todevelopa new racing car.

那两个公司已合作研制新型赛车。

【语法点拨】现在完成时的被动语态的结构就是现在完成时态和被动语态的结构的叠合，即：has/havebeen done，表示“过去发生的动作对现在有影响或持续到现在，并且主语与谓语动词之间为被动关系”。常用的时间状语：for或since引导的时间状语及before, until now, up till now,so far, up to the moment, in the last few years等。如：

The office looks nice. Ithas just been cleaned.

办公室看起来很干净。它刚被打扫过。

The machinehas been repairedfor two hours.

这台机器已修了两小时了。

12. Adverts are not only made and paid for bybusiness, but also by indivials, organizations and associations that wish toinformor ecate the public. 广告不仅【句式翻译】广告可由商家付费制作，也可以由想给公众传达某种信息或教育公众的个人、组织或协会来出资制作。

【句式分析】本句是由并列连词not only…but also连接的复合句，第一个分句运用了一般现在时的被动语态。

【词语点拨】inform vt. 通知 ，告知;构成短语：inform sb of sth 通知 某人某事

I shallinform yousoonofthe date of my arrival.

我将把我到达的日期通知你。

I regret toinform you thatI am unable to help you.

我遗憾地告诉你我没法帮助你。

【语法点拨】一般现在时的被动语态的构成：is/are done。表示“现在经常性、习惯性的动作，并且主语与谓语动词之间为被动关系”。

A lot of foodis wastedeveryyear.

每年浪费掉很多食物。

Millions of tons of waste and poisonous gasesare sent intothe air with the smoke. 数百万吨的废气和毒气随着烟尘散发到空中。

13. Margaret,marriedwith two small children, has been working for the last seven years as anight cleaner, cleaning offices in a big building.

【句式翻译】玛格丽特，已婚，带着两个孩子，七年来一直在做清洁工，晚上给一座大楼里的办公室打扫卫生。

【句式分析】本句是简单句，运用了现在完成进行时，包含有两个非谓语短语，marriedwith…在句中作后置定语，cleaning offices作伴随状语。

【词语点拨】marry v. (使)结婚;嫁;娶

Because of her beauty, she has managed tomarryabove her.

由于貌美，她得以嫁给一个地位比她高的人。

I'm sure Jack was sincere when he said he wanted tomarry you.

我相信杰克说想娶你是真心的。

Theygot married toeachother against their parents’ wishes.

他俩的结合违背了各自父母的愿望。

【语法点拨】现在完成进行时的构成：has/have been doing。表示“一个动作从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去”。如：

Youhave been sittingin front of that computer too long.

你在电脑前坐的时间太长了。

No wonder he is so tired. Hehas been workingall day.

难怪他这么累，他工作一天了。

14.Ever since they were first put on the market in theearly 1990s, genetically modified (GM 转基因) foods have been increasingly developed and marketed inmany countries in the world, mainly on thebasisof their promise to end the worldwide food crisis.

【句式翻译】自从二十世纪九十年代早期首次投入市场以来，转基因食物就不断地在很多国家开发和销售，主要是基于想要结束世界粮食危机。

【句式分析】本句是一个含有since引导的时间状语从句的复合句，have been developed and marketed…是现在完成时的被动语态形式。

【词语点拨】basis n. 基础;构成短语：on the basis of 以……为基础

Don’t evaluate a persononthe basis ofappearance.

不要以相貌取人。

Mr. Smith goes to the gymona regular basis.

史密斯先生定期去健身房。

【语法点拨】现在完成时的被动语态，具体用法第11句。

15.At nine o’clock on Saturday morning, I’ll be sitting in the front rowandlistening tothe great professorWillard talking about the future of my brain.

【句式翻译】星期六上午九点钟，我将会坐在前排，聆听伟大的威拉德教授谈论大脑的未来发展。

【句式分析】本句是简单句，运用了将来进行时，含有一个复合宾语的结构，talkingabout…在句中作宾补。

【词语点拨】listen vi. 听(后面常接介词to)

Whatever you said, he simply wouldn’tlisten.

你怎么说他也不听.

We’re going tolisten toareport this afternoon.

今天下午我们要去听报告。

【语法点拨】将来进行时的构成：will be doing，表示“将来某一时间正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时间开始，并继续下去的动作”。常用延续性动词,常用来表示礼貌的询问、请求等。如：

The ministerwill be givinga speech on international affairs.

部长将就国际事务发表演讲。

Please don’t call me between 8:00 and 10:00 tomorrow. I’ll be havingmy classes then.

5. 英语长难句如何分析

第一步找出修饰词；第二部给修饰词加上括号，剩下的就是句子的主干。

例如：（On Monday），the students （who comes from America） will go to Bei Jing （with the children ）（that comes from London ）to attend the sports meeting （held by China.） 那么除去括号的内容剩下的就是主干，The students will go to BeiJing to attend the sports meeting.

一些长句其实是由若干分句组成的并列句或复合句。而这些并列句或复合句之间需要一些关联词来连接。如果我们找准这些关联词，就能够弄清楚句与句之间的逻辑关系，分别弄清主句的意义和从句的意义，则长句就容易对付得多了。要掌握此方法必须对英语中的常见的关联词谙熟于心。如：

Whether you get along well with your professors or not has a huge effect on your self growth as it is a measure of how well you can respect authority and obey requirements.

【句意】你与教授相处是否融洽对你的自身发展起着重要的作用，因为这是衡量你是否尊重权威和服从要求的标准。

【分析】此句为复合句，句中whether引导主语从句，as 引导原因状语从句，how well 引导从句作介词of 的宾语。

6. 英语长难句分析

用下面是从往届全国高考试题中摘录的一个例句，用以逐步说明如何分析长难句：
First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab poly technique.

第一步：围绕动词用扒皮法（或者叫做拆分法）找出本句的主体结构。

1. 围绕动词（包括非谓语动词）进行层层扒皮：
* 第一个动词 put forward 前没有自身的主语，说明由它构成的短语是非谓语动词过去分词，属于句子的附加成分；
* 第二个动词 had baffled and beaten (已经阻挡和挫败了) 前面存在名词 the theorem (该定理)，可知它们共同构成独立的句子；
* 第三个动词 including 也没有自身的主语，根据已掌握的知识可以判断出该动词是转化为介词的现在分词，也属于附加成分；
* 后面跟在 a French woman scientist（法国女科学家）后的两个用 and 连接的主要动词 made (a major advance) 和 had to dress 前都有关系代词 who，可知它们是定语从句，也属于附加成分；
* 另外的两个 in working out 和 in order to be able to study 可以从结构上看出分别是“介词 + 动名词”和“in order + 不定式”。

第二步：解决主要矛盾，即围绕主体结构（即主句）分析其前后附加成分的语法功能。

* 本长句的主句（主体结构）是 the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds（主谓宾结构）意思是“该定理阻挡并挫败了最杰出的数学头脑”，用符合汉语习惯的说法就是“该定理使得最杰出的数学头脑感到迷惑不解，并让他们举足无措”。
* 主句前的过去分词短语 First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century,经分析可知它的逻辑主语就是主句的主语 the theorem，即“十七世纪被法国数学家 Pierre de Formta 提出来的”，很明显这个状语说明“定理”提出的来以后，是主句的时间状语。
* 主句后的现在分词短语 including a French woman scientist ...(包括一个法国女科学家)是主句的陪衬性状语，起补充说明作用作杰出的科学家。

第三步：解决次要矛盾；
一个句子不仅仅主句带有附加成分，有时候附加成分中另外还套有附加成分，比如本例举就是如此，including...短语中还叠套了两个层次的附加成分：
1. 第一层: 先行词 French woman scientist 后带有 由关系代词 who 引导的两个并列定语从句；
* who made a major advance in working out the problem,
* and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab poly technique.
2. 第二层：每个从句中分别还孕含了一个非谓语动词构成的短语：
* 介词 + 动名词：in working out the problem，用作 advance 的方面状语，即“在解决这个难题方面”。
* 目的状语：in order to be able to study at the Ecolab poly technique. 即“为了能够在伊科尔理工学院研究”。

归纳上述的分析方法，提供三句口诀供你参考:
围绕动词，拆分扒皮；
找出主干，理清关系；
从主到次，逐层分析。

参考译文如下：
十七世纪法国数学家感到不得要领而束手无策，其中包括一位法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展，为了能够在伊科尔理工学院研究她还不得不女扮男装。
以上回答你满意么？

7. 英语阅读理解长难句的处理技巧

英梁宽伍语阅读理解长难句的处理技巧

一个英语句子之所以难以理解，有许多原因，其中一个主要原因是句子太长或者句子结构复杂。句子过长或者复杂无非是该句除了主干之外还包含了一些附加部分，如插入语、同位语、分隔现象、各种从句或较长的非谓语动词短语等等。这些附属成分常有逗号或分隔符号与句子隔开，且插在一个句子中间，使本来完整的句子被断开，因而增加句意理解的难度。分析长难句的基本方法是：首先，判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句;然后，找出句子的核心成分，分清主语和谓语，再分清句子附属成分。下面我们来谈谈几种长难句的橡或处理技巧。

一、处理长难句的原则方法

如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的单句，可这样处理：跳读修饰成分，迅速找出主谓结构。这样一来，我们便可以将长句化为短句，将难句化为易句。具巧敏体步骤是：先跳读修饰成分或附加成分，找出句子的主干并理解其意义;然后再分段理解修饰成分或附加成分。

如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的并列句，可这样处理：先找出其中的并列连词，然后再根据并列连词的意思理清句子前后是顺连关系还是反连关系，是因果关系还是转折关系等，最后再根据不同的语境关系正确理解句意。

如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的主从复合句，可这样处理：先分清主句与从句，然后弄清从句的性质，即弄清它是什么从句。

如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的主从复合句，可这样处理：先分清主句与从句，然后弄清名词性从句，还是状语从句，或是定语从句。注意，弄清从句性质对于理解复合句的意思至关重要。

另外，有一点要提醒同学们，在处理长难句时，如果既能正确理解句意，又能将其准确地译成中文，那是最好了。但是，对于有些长难句，要在较短时间内(如在参加考试时)将其译成中文比较困难，此时只要能正确理解其意思就行了，如果硬要勉为其难地译成中文，不仅会浪费时间，而且在许多情况也没有必要。

二、经典高考真题实例分析

下面这篇文章共有194个单词，却只有9个句子，平均每个句子大约有22个单词，是近几年高考英语阅读理解中一篇比较典型的集中含有长难句的文章。

A 38-square-mile island, is the farthest inhabited island in the world, according to the Guinness Book of Records. It is 1,510 miles southwest of its nearest neighbor St. Helena, and 1,950 miles west of Africa. Discovered by the Portuguese admiral(葡萄牙海军上将) of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred.Coming in a close second——and often wrongly mentioned as the most distant island——is Easter Island, which lies 1,260 miles east of its nearest neighbour, Pitcairn Island, and 2,300 miles west of South America.The mountainous 64-square-mile island was settled around the 5th century, supposedly by people who were lost at sea. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1,000 huge stone figures, called moai, for which the island is most famous.On Easter Sunday, 1722, however, settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its name. Today, 2,000 people live on the Chilean territory(智利领土). They share one street, a small airport and a few hours of television per day.

【解题分析】

1. 跳读插入语：请看文章第一段的'第一句。第一步跳过插入语找出句子主干：Tristan da Cunha is the farthest inhabited island in the world (Tristan da Cunha 是世界上无人居住的最偏僻的岛屿);第二步理解附加的插入语部分：a 38-square-mile island(该岛面积为38平方英里，而且这是吉尼斯记录之一)，这样该句话的意思就弄明白了。

2. 跳读非谓语动词短语：我们来看第一段第三句。首先跳过前面的非谓语动词短语，找出主干：the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred (该岛是英国领土，人口大约几千)。然后再来理解前面的非谓语动词短语：Discovered by the Portuguese admiral of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810(这个岛屿是在1506年被一个名叫Tristan da Cunha的葡萄牙海军上将发现的，Tristan da Cunha1810年开始有人居住)。通过这样分解难度，我们读得轻松，理解得准确。

3. 跳读分隔现象：请看文章第二段，这一段有35个单词，却只有一句话。因为该段既包括了分隔现象，又包含了定语从句，又有一个同位语，而且该句还是一个倒装句。如果从前到后按照顺序来理解，未免有点繁杂，抓不住重点。所以首先要跳过两个分隔符号之间的内容，同时也要暂时搁置后面的非限制性定语从句，找出主干并把主干重新倒置过来变成正常语序：Easter Island is coming in a close second(Easter Island is coming in a close secondEaster Island是紧跟第二的最偏僻的岛屿);然后再理解分隔符号之间的内容和后面的定语从句等附加成分：Easter Island 常常被误认为是最偏僻的岛屿，它在最临近的岛屿(Pitcairn Island)东面1,260英里，在南美西面2,300英里。

4. 跳读定语从句：定语从句在阅读理解中是很常见的，有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句用来限定所修饰的词，与之关系非常密切，阅读时要特别注意两者的密切联系，跳过限制性定语从句找到主句后要马上回头理解它的含义，确定它与先行词的修饰关系。如文章第三段的第一个句子里就有一个限制性定语从句：who were lost at sea. 阅读时一定要注意它与people的密切联系：不是别人而是在大海里迷路的人五世纪左右在那里定居。而非限制性定语从句与所修饰的词关系不是很密切，主要起补充说明作用，它可能出现在主句中间，也可能出现在句尾。如果它出现在句中，阅读时可以跳过去然后再来理解，也可以一起顺便读过去。如果非限制性定语从句出现在句尾，那阅读时很方便，看完主句后附带着看一下就可以了，因为它只是对先行词的补充说明。如这一段的最后一句：for which the island is most famous. 看完主句我们得知该岛与外界隔绝了一千多年，使得岛上的人们有充足的时间来修建一千多具巨大的石雕。然后再附带得知该岛以这些石雕而闻名。

8. 高考英语长难句

先把整个句子划分一下，到第一个逗号为第1句，到第二个逗号为第2句，最后一句为第3句。

具体分析如下图：

9. 在英语考试中，如何快速读懂阅读中的长难句

很多学生在高考中读英语时总会感到这种困惑。单词都能说，语法也很清楚。就是不能读。(你知道的)。

说到英语考试，小曲相信大部分童鞋都害怕阅读理解。有时我们读完了整个句子，但不知道作家到底在说什么。