初中英语怎么讲被动语态

『壹』 初中英语被动语态

1-1 当句子的主语为动作的承受者即受动者，动词用被动语态。
Eg. John helped Peter. （John是动作的施行者，而Peter是动作的承受者即承受者。）
 Peter was helped by John. （Peter是句子的主语，而且是动作的承受者，所以用被动语态。）
1-2 被动语态的构成：be + 动词的过去分词

2. 特别提醒：被动语态的时态和人称的变动都是由动词be作改变的，不论发生什么改变，动词的过去分词(v+ed或不规则的分词) 都不改变。时态用的助动词和人称代词由被动语态句子中的主语，即动作的承受者，所决定。

2-1 Eg. He cleans the room everyday.
 The room is cleaned (by him) everyday.
(一般现在时的被动语态构成: is / am / are + 动词的过去分词)

2-2 Eg. They have brought many toys since last week.
 Many toys have been brought (by them) since last week.
(现在完成时的被动语态构成：has/have + been + 动词过去分词。)

2-3 Eg. They are meeting the foreigners at the gate.
 The foreigners are being met (by them) at the gate.
(现在进行时的被动语态构成：is/ are/ am + being + 动词过去分词)

2-4 Eg. They will build some new buildings next year.
 Some new buildings will be built (by them) next year.
They are going to draw a new picture tomorrow.
 A new picture is going to be drawn tomorrow.
(一般将来时被动语态构成：will + be +动词过去分词, 或is/am/are going to +be + 动词过去分词)

2-5 Eg. Father has been painting the room all morning.
 The room has been being painted (by father) all morning.
(仅作了解：现在完成进行时的被动语态：has/ have + been+ being + 动词过去分词)

2-6 Eg. They wrote the book last year.
 The book was written (by them) last year.
（一般过去时的被动语态构成：was/ were+动词过去分词）

2-7 Eg. The children had broken the window when the teacher arrived.
 The windows had been broken (by the children) when the teacher arrived.
(过去完成时被动语态构成had + been + 动词过去分词。)

2-8 Eg. She was reading the book at 8:00 last night.
 The book was being read at 8:00 last night.
(过去进行时被动语态构成：was/ were being + 动词过去分词)
2-9 Eg. They said they would cook some food.
 They said some food would be cooked.
They said he was going to buy a new house.
 They said a new house was going to be bought.
(过去将来时被动语态构成：would +动词过去分词，或：was/were going to be + 动词分词)

2-10 Eg. He must finish the work in two days.
 The work must be finished in two days.
(情态动词被动语态：must/have to/had better/ should/can/could/may/might/need to + be +动词分词)

3． 间接引语中的被动语态：
3-1 引述动词是一般现在时的时候，引语的人称根据引述动词前面的主语而作调整，但时态不变。
Eg. He often says, “ I was chosen to take part in the exam when I was twelve.”
 He often says he was chosen to take part in the exam when he was twelve. （人称由引述动词says前面的主语he 决定，但引语的时态不变。）

3-2 引述动词为过去时态，引语部分的时态和人陈都按照引述部分进行改变。
Eg. He said, “ My father has been hit by a car.”
He said his father had been hit by a car. (引语部分的时态和人称都发生了改变。)

3-3 从上文可看出：引述动词是过去时态时，被动语态形式的引语改动规则与主动语态形式的引语的改动规则一样，但无论如何，只要是被动语态，它的动词的过去分词总是不改的。）

4．几种特殊的情况需要特别注意：
4-1. 带介词的双宾语可以有两种改法：
eg. They gave him an apple.
 He was given an apple.
 An apple was given to him. (双宾语中当直接宾语apple 作被动语态句子的主语时，要记得写上介词to。)
4-1-1这样的动词有：buy/make/cook sth for sb
或：show/bring/give/take/ send/write/… to sb.

4-2. 多词动词的被动语态：
eg. She looked after his children.
 His children were looked after (by her).
4-2-1这样的动词有：look after, look into, talk about, set up, put off, bring about, do away with, look forward to, take good care of 等等词。

4-3 It is/was/has been said/reported/known + that + 从句

4-4 有些动词在主动语态里不带to，但改为被动语态时要还原to
make/see/have/hear/let sb do sth sb be made/seen/heard/let to do sth
eg. The boss made the workers work for a long time.
 The workers were made to work for a long time (by the boss).

4-5 有些动词在主动语态中带sb doing sth, 改为被动语态时仍用doing sth
eg. I heard him singing in his room. He was heard singing in his room.

4-6 特别区分：当句子中出现suddenly, 具体的时间时，用see/hear sb doing sth的形式
当句中出现often, always, sometimes, 或不具体的时间时，用see/hear sb do sth的形式。
Eg. 1) I often hear him sing in his room.
2) Yesterday I saw him cross the road.
3) Suddenly they heard someone crying in the forest.
4-7 不及物动词没有被动语态：happen, take place, begin, become, go, come
eg. Great changes have taken place in the last two years.
4-8 表静态的动词没有被动语态：cost, last, agree with, own
4-9 主动形式表示被动意义，通常用于表示sth的功能或效用: write/wash/cut/use/sell/cook
eg. The cooker cooks well.
The washing machine washes well.

注意：动词的搭配：
1．带sb to do sth的动词：allow/encourage/help/want/wish/ask/tell sb to do sth,
2．带 to do sth 的动词：hope/agree/decide/want/wish/prefer to do sth
3．带 doing sth 的动词：enjoy/practise/think about/doing sth
4．几对特殊的例子：remember to do sth (记得要做，但还没做)
remember doing sth (记得要做，而且做了)
forget to do sth ( 忘记要做，没有做)
forget doing sth ( 做了，但忘记已经做了)
5．prefer doing sth to doing sth
6．look forward to doing sth
7．介词后面用doing sth
8．动词做句子的主语时用ing形式：Collecting stamps is interesting.

『贰』 初中英语被动语态

基本结构：be +过去分词。要表示由某人做的，加by sb
时态和人称要体现在be动词上面内。
比如：那块容蛋糕被我吃了。the cake was eaten by me.(过去时）
会议将在两天后召开。the meeting will be held in two days. (将来时） 等等
初学者容易错的是不知道该用被动形式。比如动词填空时，所给词填什么形式，要考虑是否与主语是被动关系。比如：this kind of computer _______(sell) in many countries. 这里电脑和卖的关系是被动，一般现在时，主语为单数，所以填is sold.
被动语态难点很多，一两句说不清，说太多了也不可能马上记住。还是具体题目具体分析吧。

『叁』 初中英语被动语态构成及例句

在主动句中，复主语作为动作的执制行者：Masked thieves stole a valuable painting from the museum last naght.（昨天夜里蒙面窃贼从博物馆里盗走了一幅价值连城的油画。）
将这个句子变为被动句时，动词的宾语就成为主句：A valuable painting was stolen from the museum last night.（昨天夜里博物馆里一幅价值连城的油画被盗了）
被动语态由助动词be+动词过去分词构成：Museum security to be improved.（博物馆安全有待加强）

『肆』 初中英语的疑问句的被动语态的用法

先了解被动语态的用法
被动语态的基本结构:助动词be的各种时态形式+及物动词的过去分词.

1)当我们不知道动作的执行者或没有必要说明动作的执行者时,用被动语态.
eg:Rice is grown in the south of China.中国南方种水稻.(一般现在时的被动语态)
就画线部份为in the south of China
则疑问句:Where is rice grown ?

2)需要强调动作的承受者时,用被动语态.
eg:Your work must be finished today.你们的工作必须今天完成.(含情态动词的被动语态)
就画线部份为Your work
则疑问句:What must be finished today?

『伍』 初中英语语法被动语态

第一类:be(“是/存在”)动词的各种时态结构：

一 般 现 在 时
I am….
You are.…
He/She/It is….
We/You/They are….

一 般 将 来 时
(1)(I等各人称) will be….
(2)I am going to be…
He/She/It is going to be…
We/You/They are going to be…

现 在 完 成 时
I have been….
You have been….
She/he/It has been….
We/You/They have been….

一 般 过 去 时
I was….
You were.…
He/She/It was….
We/You/They were….

过 去 将 来 时
(1)(I等各人称) would be….
(2)I was going to be…
He/She/It was going to be…
We/You/They were going to be…

过 去 完 成 时
I had been….
You had been….
She/he/It had been….
We/You/They had been….

第二类:行为动词的各种时态结构:

一 般 现 在 时
动词用原形(单三人称动词加s / es)
(问句和否定句借用助词do / does)

一 般 过 去 时
动词用过去式
(问句和否定句借用助词did)

现 在 进 行 时
am +动词-ing
is +动词-ing
are +动词-ing

过 去 进 行 时
was +动词-ing
were +动词-ing

一 般 将 来 时
(1)will + 动词原形
(2)am +going to+动词原形
Is +going to+动词原形
are +going to+动词原形

过 去 将 来 时
(1)would + 动词原形
(2)was +going to+动词原形
were +going to+动词原形

现 在 完 成 时
have +过去分词
has +过去分词

过 去 完 成 时
had +过去分词

『陆』 初中英语被动语态的规则

英语被动语态基本构成公式： be + 实义动词的过去分词。

1、一般现在时：am/is/are＋

2、一般过去时：was/were＋given

3、一般将来时：will/shall be＋given

4、过去将来时：would be＋given

5、现在进行时：am/is/are being＋given

6、过去进行时：was/were being＋given

7、现在完成时：has/have been＋given

8、过去完成时：had been＋given

9、将来完成时：will/shall have been＋given

英语中被动语态的构成不仅仅需要在实义动词前添加词语， 还需要 实义动词的参与：该实义动词要变成其过去分词的形式。

提示： 只有实义动词中的及物动词才有被动语态的构成形式， 不及物动词没有被动语态的构成形成

中文句中的动词不区分为谓语动词和非谓语动词， 但是英语句中的动词有谓语动词和非谓语动词的区分， 也因英语中的被动语态结构有两种形式： 谓语动词的被动语态和非谓语动词的被动语态。



(6)初中英语怎么讲被动语态扩展阅读

1、am 、is、are 是be动词在一般现在时态下的三种变化形式；

2、was、were是be动词在一般过去时态下的两种变化形式；

3、"has/have + 动词过去分词"是现在完成时态的构成形式。

被动语态的构成结构中一定要有助动词be和实义动词的过去分词，为了满足现在完成时态的构成要求，助动词变成过去分词(been)，与has/have构成现在完成时态。

同时be动词（此时已经变成过去分词been）与实义动词的过去分词构成被动语态，因此has/have been done既体现了现在完成时态的时态意义又表达出了被动意义，形成了现在完成完成时态的被动语态结构。

『柒』 初中英语被动语态结构

1：英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。主动是动作的执行者，叫做主动语态；主语是动作的承受者，叫做被动语态。

Many people use computers. 许多人使用电脑。

Computers are used by many people. 电脑被许多人使用。

2：被动语态的基本结构是“be+及物动词的过去分词”（be + done）。Be有人称，数和时态的变化。一般现在时的被动语态结构：主语+am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词。

3：一般现在时的被动语态的句式变化：

（1）肯定句：主语+am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词。

如：Cars are made by them. 汽车是由他们制造的。

（2）否定句：主语+am/is/are+not+及物动词的过去分词。

如：Cars are not made by them. 汽车不是由他们制造的。

（3）一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are+not+主语+及物动词的过去分词？

如：Are cars made by them? 汽车是由他们制造的吗？

4：主动语态变成被动语态的三步曲：

（1）将主动结构的宾语变成被动结构的主语（宾语若为人称代词，宾格变成主格）。

（2）将主动结构的谓语动词变成“be+及物动词的过去分词”形式（注意人称，时态和数的变化）。

（3）在动词的过去分词之后加介词by，再将主动结构中的主语放在by之后（若为人称代词，主格变成宾格）。

『捌』 初中英语被动语态构成及例句

在主动句中,主语作为动作的执行者：Masked thieves stole a valuable painting from the museum last naght.（昨天夜里蒙面窃贼从博物馆里盗走了专一幅价值连属城的油画.）
将这个句子变为被动句时,动词的宾语就成为主句：A valuable painting was stolen from the museum last night.（昨天夜里博物馆里一幅价值连城的油画被盗了）
被动语态由助动词be+动词过去分词构成：Museum security to be improved.（博物馆安全有待加强）

『玖』 初中英语被动语态是什么时候教的

人教新目标版 初三 Unit3
标题：Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes
（一）被动语态的构成
1．被动语态的基本结构：be＋动词过去分词
2．各种时态的主动被动语态结构(以动词do为例)

一般现在时
do/ does
am/ is/ are＋done
We clean the classroom.
The classroom is cleaned by us.

一般过去时
did
was/ were＋done
He made the kite.
The kite was made by him.

现在进行时
am/ is/are＋doing
am/ is/ are＋being done
She is watering flowers.
Flowers are being watered by her.

现在完成时
have/has＋done
have/ has＋been done
Jim has finished the work.
The work has been finished by Jim.

一般将来时
will/ shall/ be going to ＋do
will/ shall/ be going to＋be done
They will plant trees tomorrow.
Trees will be planted by them tomorrow.

过去进行时
was/ were＋doing
was/ were＋being＋done
She was writing a letter this time yesterday.
A letter was being written by her this time yesterday.

过去完成时
had＋done
had＋been＋done
Jim had finished the work.
The work had been finished by Jim.

过去将来时
would/ should/ be going to＋do
would/should/ be going to＋do
He said he would made a kite.
He said a kite would be made by him.

含有情态动词
can/ may/ must＋do
can/may/must＋be＋done
I can find him.
He can be found by me.

（二）被动语态的用法

被动语态中主语是动作的承受者，主要用于下列几种情况
1．不知道动作的执行者是谁。
e.g.This watch is made in China.
这块手表是在中国制造的。
2．没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。
e.g.More trees must be planted every year.
每年必须有更多的树被种植。

3．需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。

e.g.Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.

世界上越来越多的人说汉语(强调汉语的使用广泛)。

4．动作的发出者不是人时。

e.g.Many houses were washed away in the flood.

很多房屋在洪水中被冲走了。

（三）主动语态和被动语态的转换

1．主动语态变被动语态：

（1）要将主动句里的宾语成分变为被动句中的主语成分，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变主格。

（2）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变宾格，并由by引导。

（3）谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。e.g.We asked him to sing an English song.

我们让他唱一首英语歌。

He was asked to sing an English song by us.

他被我们要求唱一首英语歌。

2．带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态

谓语动词带双宾语时，既可以将间接宾语转化成主语，也可接直接宾语转化成主语。若将间接宾语转化成主语，则保留直接宾语；若将直接宾语转化成主语则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。

e.g.She gave me a book. (变为被动语态)→

I was given a book. (间接宾语me改为主语)

A book was given to me. (育接宾语a book改为主语)

3．短语动词变为被动语态

许多由不及物动词构成的短语动词，相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，也可以有被动语态。注意：短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。

e.g.We should speak to old men politely. (变为被动语态)→

Old men should be spoken to politely. (to不可省略)

4．带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态

宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。变被动语态时，只把宾语变为被动句主语，宾语补足语保留在原处，成为主语补足语。

e.g.I heard Jane playing the piano in her room.(变为被动语态)→

Jane was heard playing the piano in her room.

5．被动语态后动词形式的选择

主动句中在感官动词see、hear、watch、feel、notice等使役动词, 也称为感官动词，let、make、here等动词后跟省略to的不定式，变为被动句时，应加上不定式符号to。

e.g.He makes the girl stay at home.(改为被动结构)→

The girl is made to stay at home.

Last Sunday we heard them sing Peking Opera in the theatre.(改为同义句)→

They were heard to sing Peking Opera in that theatre last Sunday.

四句话：①主语变成宾语；

②宾语变成主语；

③动词一分为二；

④时态体现在be动词上。

（四）被动语态的一些特殊的运用形式

1．主动结构表被动意义

（1）open、lock、write、read、sell、clean、wash、cut、burn、drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动语态表被动意义。

e.g.This kind of pen writes very smoothly.

这种笔写起来很流畅。

This kind of shirt sells well here.

这种样式的衬衫在这很好卖。

（2）look、sound、taste、smell等系动词主动结构表被动意义。

e.g.Uniforms look ugly on us.

我们穿着制服很难看。

Mooncakes taste delicious.

月饼吃起来很好。

（3）be worth doing中，doing表被动意义。

e.g.This book is worth reading.

这本书值得一读。

（4）want/ need/ require＋doing相当于want/ need/ require＋to be done。to be done表不定式的被动结构。

e.g.My bike needs repairing.= My bike needs to be repaired.

我的自行车需要修理。

（五）不用被动语态的情况

1．主动句的宾语是each other或反身代词时，不能用于被动语态。

e.g.The man introced himself as Mr. White. (主动语态)

那个人自我介绍说他是怀特先生。

Himself was introced as Mr. White.(误)

They help each other study English. (主动语态)

他们互相帮助学习英语。

Each other is helped study English. (误)

2．当主动句的谓语动词是表状态的及物动词时，不能用于被动语态。

e.g.We will have a meeting.

我们将开一个会。

3．主动语态的宾语是动词不定式或-ing形式时，不能用作被动语态的主语。

e.g.My brother enjoys watching TV
He asked to have a try.
他请求试一次。

注意：解答被动语态题目时，首先要判断主语和动作的关系，如果主语是动作的执行者，则用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，则用被动语态