初中英语阅读课文怎么写
阅读教学是英语教学中最为关键的一环,英语阅读教学在发展学生的能力中起着无法替代的作用,通过阅读教学,它既可以促使学生储备丰富的语言基本知识,培养语感,发展阅读技巧,形成阅读能力,同时又能陶冶学生情操,提高跨文化学习意识,培养综合语言运用能力。
据笔者了解,新目标英语(Go for it)八、九年级教材中的拓展阅读材料文章长、词汇、语法等语言知识点多,文章有一定难度。最使教师困惑的问题是:如何处理文本解读和语言学习的矛盾。老师们都有这样的深切体会,鉴于学生很难对文本内容和语言学习同时做理性的分析,在处理阅读中的语言时会产生两种弊端,一是课堂只就课文内容进行讲解和问答活动,不关注文本词汇和语言,导致课堂活动有时脱离文本。二是在分析内容过程中脱离文本进行词汇和语言讲解和操练,隔断了学生文本解读的连贯思维。
《英语课程标准》关于阅读技能(五级)的目标描述为:学生应该能够根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义;能够找出文章中的主题,理解故事情节,预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局;能够根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息;除教材外,课外阅读量应积累达到15万词以上。
因此,教师在关注文本的同时关注词汇,提高学生语言意识和运用能力。在处理阅读中的语言教学时始终把握两个要点:一是语言学习是为了加深对文本的解读。二是语言学习和操练不能脱离文本语境。
阅读教学中如何进行文本解读呢?
正确处理文字、文学与文化三个层面的关系。
阅读文本,可以从文字、文学与文化三个层面进行解读。按照从单词到句子,再到段,这是文字性解读,重点学习有关目标语言。在此基础上,进一步对文本塑造的人物,承载的写作意图、观点和技巧进行分析,是对文本的文学性解读,重点训练阅读技巧。读者以自身的知识经验,将自己所处的现实世界和文本所创造的语义世界相联结,对内隐在文本里的、作者秉持的观点和价值取向进行批判性意义建构,实现个体经验世界的重组,是对文本的文化性意义建构,重点培养语言综合运用能力。而文字、文学与文化三个层面的解读,都离不开对文本语言的研读,而这些文本语言也构成了阅读课的目标语言。
优化文本资源,注重自主阅读和主动探究。
文本是英语教学中不可缺少的重要物质载体,也是学生获取丰富语言信息的桥梁。对此,在英语阅读教学的过程中,教师应该从文本资源本身出发,创新教学思维模式,对文本资源进行优化,以此来发挥其重要的基础作用。这种优化文本资源的方式,首先应该注重培养学生的理解概括能力,即要求学生能够在充分阅读理解的基础上运用文本的核心词汇来表达文章大意;其次是要求学生体味文本中的重要信息,培养其语言信息筛选能力;最后,则是注重培养学生的拓展延伸能力,即要求学生在发挥自身想象思维的基础上能够深入体味文本的思想情感及其拓展价值和意义。
三 、感悟文本内容,提高学习思维和感知能力。
阅读教学既然是基于对文本的理解感悟基础之上,那么在教学中注重对学生的理解感悟能力培养则是其中的核心。笔者以为,培养学生的感悟文本能力,应该在发挥学生学习主体作用的基础上,注重对文本的语言信息、深层内涵等方面予以关注,以此来提高学生的语言学习思维。学生感悟文本应该在阅读的基础上了解文章大意,并以此来提高他们的整体阅读理解能力;其次是注重对文本主要信息的提炼,以此来加深对文本内容的理解;最后则是要求学生在“是什么”“为什么”“怎么样”的学习思维中不断总结。
丰富文本阅读资源,积累知识内涵和文化底蕴。
除教材外,课外阅读量应积累达到15万词以上。这就要求学生在阅读学习的过程中应该跳出文本学习范围,注重不断地补充自己的语言阅读量,以此来帮助自己积累更为丰富的知识,从而提高自身的综合语言运用能力。从学习发展的需要角度来看,文本仅仅是学生学习的一种桥梁,更重要的是要求学生在多样化的阅读资源基础上注重积累自身丰富的语言知识和技能。笔者以为,丰富文本阅读资源应该体现在以下三个方面:(1)利用好现有的阅读学习资源,鼓励学生通过阅读课外书籍等文字资料来积累阅读量;(2)借助电子读物来积累阅读量,即要求学生能够通过互联网、电子书等途径来丰富自己的语言素材;(3)阅读现代化的报刊杂志,鼓励学生通过阅读贴近生活,用具有时代性的文字材料来增加对异域民俗风情的了解,提高跨文化学习意识。
阅读课堂教学设计中正确解读文本
<<新目标英语(Go for it)>>阅读课堂教学分为三个阶段:Pre-reading, While-reading, Post-reading。三个阶段各有侧重。
1. Pre-reading
Pre-reading阶段是课堂教学的重要一环,主要目的就是设法激发学生的兴趣,营造轻松和谐的课堂气氛,为接受新知识做好准备。因此这一阶段要复习文本相关语言知识、设计有趣味性,体验性,可说性的问题,拓展学生视野,预测文本内容,激发学生的兴趣,使学生的想象力和英语表达能力得到了锻炼和提高。
2. While-reading
课文文本处理是课堂教学的中心环节,是学生接受新知识的关键所在,课文是文化背景、词汇、语法、篇章等知识的载体。通过课文处理,要求学生能把握课文基本思想和篇章结构,了解作者思路等,具有语篇理解能力。
这个阶段要加强文本语言、文本内容和文本结构等的指导,使教学语言与阅读相融,加强师生交流,加深对文章的理解,学会阅读方法,培养阅读能力。
3. Post-reading
在课文文本处理完成以后,设计一些问题,对文本内容进行复习、复述、总结、表演、辩论、小组讨论等进行巩固,以加深学生对所学知识的了解、掌握。这一阶段的活动应与文本密切相关,但不能拘泥于文本本身。这一阶段应让学生发挥想象,帮助学生进一步理解原文,培养其思维和应用语言的能力。
2. 求初中英语阅读300篇 文章 (原文+翻译)1~30篇
Today life is much beet than before .Vision phone is used in some provinces. Maybe it will be used in every family.People can have an examination about their health without a doctor or a nurse in the room.Now some people do some shopping at home.
And how about out ecation? There have been more ecational progrsms on the radio, on TV or on the tnternet .Some children live verly far away from their schools, more and more of them don't need to go to school every day now.They can study at home.Teachers teach them on the lnternet.
In the future, each family will have a robot.Robots will help people will their houseworh. In some years people can have a trip on the moon and some people can live under the sea in hot summer.
3. 初中英语阅读如何做好,特别是这篇文章的最佳题目是什么,文章主要讲的是什么之类的问题
首先复 你需要读的懂单词制 单词需要你在课外去记背 但不一定要全背 你也可以根据文章来猜。
然后,你在做阅读之前要读一遍,知道它讲的是啥大概了解一下。
其次,你再看一遍问题,再去文章中找答案,你最好用线把答案出处划出来。
取题目这个问题,你主要知道它介绍的内容(主要对象)来选答案。
一定要多做题。
我也是初中,而且要中考了 :)
4. 初中英语【阅读题】选文章标题要怎么做
文章标题大多是对文章全文的归纳总结。
英语阅读理解注意每段的开头和版结尾。英语往往比较直接权,开头点题的。
你要理解每段话的中心意思,最后结合每段话的中心句或中心思想得出全文讲的主旨。
这个本领很重要,高中英语大学英语都会用到。
另外文章标题还有以一种提问的方式出现,也需要留意下。
技巧的熟练运用还是需要做大量的阅读题,努力吧。
5. 求初中英语阅读文章 (原文+翻译)
1.Learning:A Lifelong Career【学习:一生的事业】
As food is to the body, so is learning to the mind. Our bodies grow and muscles develop with the intake of adequate nutritious food. Likewise, we should keep learning day by day to maintain our keen mental power and expand our intellectual capacity. Constant learning supplies us with inexhaustible fuel for driving us to sharpen our power of reasoning, analysis, and judgment. Learning incessantly is the surest way to keep pace with the times in the information age, and an infallible warrant of success in times of uncertainty.
Once learning stops, vegetation sets in. It is a common fallacy to regard school as the only workshop for the acquisition of knowledge. On the contrary, learning should be a never-ending process, from the cradle to the grave. With the world ever changing so fast, the cease from learning for just a few days will make a person lag behind. What's worse, the animalistic instinct dormant deep in our subconsciousness will come to life, weakening our will to pursue our noble ideal, sapping our determination to sweep away obstacles to our success and strangling our desire for the refinement of our character. Lack of learning will inevitably lead to the stagnation of the mind, or even worse, its fossilization, Therefore, to stay mentally young, we have to take learning as a lifelong career.
学习之于心灵,就像食物之于身体一样。摄取了适量的营养食物,我们的身体得以生长而肌肉得以发达。同样地,我们应该日复一日不断地学习以保持我们敏锐的心智能力,并扩充我们的智力容量。不断的学习提供我们用不尽的燃料,来驱使我们磨利我们的推理、分析和判断的能力。持续的学习是在信息时代中跟时代并驾齐驱的最稳当的方法,也是在变动的世代中成功的可靠保证。
一旦学习停止,单调贫乏的生活就开始了。视学校为汲取知识的唯一场所是种常见的谬误。相反地,学习应该是一种无终止的历程,从生到死。由于世界一直快速地在变动,只要学习停顿数日就将使人落后。更糟的是,蛰伏在我们潜意识深处的兽性本能就会复活,削弱我们追求高贵理想的意志,弱化我们扫除成功障碍的决心,而且扼杀我们净化我们人格的欲望。缺少学习将不可避免地导致心灵的停滞,甚至更糟地,使其僵化。因此,为了保持心理年轻,我们必须将学习当作一生的事业。
2.heavy shoolwork【课业繁重】
In my opinion, the schoolwork now being assigned to high school students is too heavy. While it is true that students need to study, they need other things as well if they are to grow into healthy and well-rounded alts. High should be allowed more time for play. Plying is not wasting time, as some think. It gives them physical exercise, and also exercise their imagination. Which tends to be stifled by too much study. Finally, the pressure put on high school students by excessive schoolwork can cause serious stress, which is unhealthy physically and mentally. I do not advocate the elimination of schoolwork. I do think, however, that a rection of the current heavy load would be beneficial to students and to the society as a whole.
我认为目前高中生的课业实在太重了,虽然说学生的确应当念书,但是要想长大成为健全的人,他门还需要一些其它的东西,所以应该给高中生较多从事娱乐的时间。娱乐并不如某些人所想的,是在浪费时间,它可以让学生锻炼身体,发挥被繁重课业扼杀的想象力。此外,繁重的课业加诸在高中生身上的压力可能引起严重的情绪紧张,这对身心都有害。我并非主张废除学校课业,但是我认为减轻目前繁重的课业对于学生和整个社会都是有益的。
3.Time【时间】
Lost time is never found again. This is something which I learned very clearly last semester. I spent so much time fooling around that my grades began to suffer. I finally realized that something had to be done. It was time for a change.
Now I have a new plan for using my time wisely. I have set my alarm clock ahead half an hour. This will give me a head start on the day. I have also decided to keep a log of what I do and when I do it. Looking back on what I’ve done will give me some ideas on how to reorganize my time.
时光一去不复返,这是我上学期清楚学到的教训。我浪费很多时间四处游荡,以致于我的成绩开始退步。最后我终于了解到我必须有所作为;该是痛改前非的时候了。
现在我有一个明智运用时间的新方法。我已将闹钟早拨半小时,这将使我这一天的作息提前开始。我也决定将我所做的一切及做这些事的时间记录下来。回顾我所做的事情会启发我如何重新安排我的时间。
4.Work and Play【工作与娱乐】
Work and play do not contradict each other; in fact, they complement each other. As the saying goes, "All work and no play makes Jack a ll boy." A life burdened with work leads you nowhere, for you would get tired and bored with your daily routine work. On the other hand, proper recreation will relieve the tension and discomfort of our monotonous life because it offers you various ways to let out your pent-up emotions.
What I usually do to relax after school is jogging and seeing movies. Usually I don't spare time for exercise, but I value the physical ecation class at school. Jogging several rounds in the field certainly relieves the day's pressure. On weekends, I'll catch the morning movie for my visual enjoyment. I feel revived and energetic for another week's work-load.
工作与娱乐并不互相冲突,事实上,它们之间的关系还相辅相成。有句格言说:「整日工作而没有休闲娱乐,会令人变得沉闷乏味。」被工作重担压得喘不过气来的生活,将使你一事无成,因为你将对一成不变的例行公事感到厌烦。由另一方面来说,适度的娱乐活动能提供各种管道,来渲泄你被压抑的情绪,减轻单调生活中的紧张与不悦。
放学之后,我最常做的休闲活动,便是慢跑与看电影。通常我并不特地拨出时间来做运动,但是我很重视学校的体育课。在操场上慢跑几圈,无疑地可以减轻一天的压力。在周末时,我都去看早场电影,享受视觉飨宴。如此一来,我将有如再生般的充沛活力,去面对下一星期的工作量。
5.My first Job【我的第一份工作】
My first job was at a cramming school. It was three years ago when I just graated from junior high school and finished the entrance examination. since I had nothing to do that summer, I decided to find a job, tasting the joy of independence.
I was responsible for answering the telephone and taking the message. I worked eight hours a day, six days a week. The work was not difficult nor heavy to me and I guess I did well. The most delighted thing was perhaps that I could spend the money I earned all by myself.
我的第一份工作是在一家补习班做事。那是三年前我刚从国中毕业,考完联考时的事了。既然我那整个夏天都闲着没事,倒不如找份差事,尝尝独立赚钱的快乐。
我负责接听电话且纪录留言的工作。我一天工作八小时,一星期工作六天。那份工作对我而言既不困难亦不沉重,所以我想我还满称职的。而最令人快乐的事大概莫过于花全部由自己赚来的钱了!
6.My Favorite Sports【我最喜爱的运动】
Sports help everyone to keep healthy, happy, and efficient. So I pay special attention to games, especially table-tennis. Table tennis is my favorite game. I play it almost every day.
Table-tennis is an ideal game us because it brings the whole body into action. It strengthens our muscles, expands our lungs, promotes the circulation of the blood, and causes a healthy action of the skin. Besides, it is very amusing and does not cost us much money. Table-tennis is very moderate; it is not so rough as football. It is an indoor game and can be played even on rainy days. Thus, it is my favorite kind of exercise.
运动能帮助每一个人保持健康、快乐和有效率。所以我特别重视运动,特别是桌球,桌球是我最喜欢的运动。我几乎每天玩。
桌球对我们而言,是一项理想的运动,因为它可以使我们全身运动,它可以增强我们的肌肉,扩张我们的肺部,促进血液循环,并且使肌肤产生健康作用,此外,它很有趣而且所费不多。桌球是相当温和适中的,它不像足球那么粗野。它是一种室内运动,甚至在下雨天也能玩。因此,桌球是我最喜爱的一种运动。
7.经过一周的相处,我发现您是一个可爱而风趣的女士。上您的课时我总感觉时间飞逝。不过我还是不太习惯。不同于我们初中的学习方式的是,您总是在课堂上说口语。有时,我会发现您说的很难理解由于很快的语速、很多的生词。这使我感觉听课会很困难。对此我有一些建议。我希望您可以在最初的这段时间内,对您所用的生词多作解释。这将对我有很大帮助。谢谢。
希望我们能成为好朋友。我相信,以后听您的课时我们将十分自信与快乐。
I found that you are a lovely and humourous lady after getting along with you for a week. Time flies when I am in your class. However I am not used to your way of teaching. you always speak English in the class, which is different from the way in middle school. Sometimes I found it's difficult to follow you because your fast speed of speach and many new words. Therefore, I have some suggestions. I hope you could explain more about the new words you often use ring this period of time. I think it will be a great help for me. Thanks.
I hope that we can be good friends. I believe that we will be more self-confident and happier in your class.
8.A Story About Zhou Enlai
When Zhou Enlai was a little boy,he always worked hard.He kept on write one hundred Chinese characters every day.
But one day,many friends of his mather's came to his house.ZhouEnlai was helping his mather with housework in the day.He had no time to write.
At night,he was very tired and wanted very much to sleep.But he still thought he should finish writing the Chinese characters before he went to bed.
When seeing this,his mother made the bed quickly and said,"Do it tomorrow!"
"No, mother,today's work must be done today."
Zhou Enlai went to the kitchen,put his head into the clod water .Then he took out some paper and a writing brush.
His mother adivised him to sleep again.But he said,"Mum,go to bed yourself.I must fisish writing one hundred Chinese characters today,for I can't leave today's work over till tomorrow."
After Zhou Enlai finished writing,he weng to bed at ease.
翻译:一篇关于周恩来
当周恩来是个小男孩的时候,他总是工作很努力。他不停地写100汉字每一天。
但是有一天,很多朋友他的妈妈来到了他家。ZhouEnlai帮他妈妈做家务在路上行驶。他没有时间再写了。
晚上,他非常疲倦,很想睡觉。但他仍然认为他应该写完汉字在睡觉前。
当看到这一幕,他的母亲整理床铺迅速,说:“明天再做!”
“不,妈妈,今天的工作必须做的今天。”
周恩来走到厨房,把他的头撞到了寒冷的水然后他拿出一些纸和毛笔。
他的母亲adivised他又睡着了。但耶稣对他们说:“妈妈,去睡觉吧你自己。我必须fisish写100汉字今天,我不能把今天的工作拖到明天去做。”
周恩来写完后,他嘛呢嘛呢嗡啊上床自在。
9. The government and people of China have always admired the purposes and principles of the Olympic spirit and supported the efforts made by the Olympics in promoting world peace. The Chinese government and people are doing our utmost in preparation for the 2008 Olympics in Beijing. It is our hope to make it a grand gathering that will carry forward the Olympic spirit, promote world peace and enhance the friendship among people of the world, so that the Olympic spirit will flourish once again, this time in China, an oriental country with an ancient civilization.
中国人民一向赞赏奥林匹克精神的宗旨和原则,支持奥林匹克运动为促进世界和平所做的努力。中国政府和中国人民正全力以赴,做好2008年北京奥运会的筹备工作,力争把2008年奥运会办成一次弘扬奥林匹克精神、促进世界和平、增进各国人民友谊的盛会,让奥林匹克精神在中国这一东方文明古国再次得到发扬。
10.How to Study English Well? 怎样学好英语?
We all know that English is very useful. Many people in the world speak English. So more and more people in China study it.
How to study English well? I think we must have a good way to study English. If you want to learn English well, listening, speaking, reading and writing are important. You should listen to tapes every day. You should often speak English with your teachers and friends. You should read English every morning. And, you had better keep a diary every day. In this way, you can study English well.
我们都知道英语很有用,世界上有许多人讲英语。所以中国也有越来越多的人学英语。
怎样把英语学好?我想我们必须有一个好的学习英语的方法。如果你想学好英语,听、说、读、写很重要。你应该每天听磁带,你应该经常同老师和朋友们讲英语,你应该每天早晨读英语,而且你最好每天记一篇日记。用这种方法,你就能学好英语。
6. 怎样上好初中英语阅读文章
根据现代阅读教学的理论,每篇需要讲授课文的全过程分为三个阶段:(1)阅读前(Pre— readin g ) ,(2)阅读(W hile -readin g ) ,(3)阅读后(A fter — readin g ) 。
(1)阅读前(Pre— re adin g )是阅读课的第一步骤,也是阅读的导入阶段。
在阅读前这一阶段中,教师可先就课文的单词、句型、语法进行巧妙的处理,再引导学生对课文的题目、有关内容的插图及图表等进行仔细观察,并对此进行一些看图说话之类的活动。让学生利用已有的知识结构,生活经历对课文内容进行预先的猜测。这会大大激发学生的阅读兴趣,然后利用现代化教学辅助工具创设大量生动形象的语言情境,使学生在尽可能真实的情境中准确理解、掌握不同情境中语言的不同含义,了解课文的背景知识及中英两国的文化差异,从而激发学生使用英语的欲望,活跃课堂气氛,培养他们的想像力和语言表达能力。
由此可见,阅读前这一阅读环节通过预测、想像、游戏、推想性提问、图片展示对比、动作表演、简笔画等一系列交际活动,引起学生阅读兴趣,同时也为下一步更有效地阅读铺平了道路。
(2)阅读(W hile — re adin g )
经过阅读前这一阶段的积极思维、猜测、引导,教学步骤很自然地过渡到第二阶段,即阅读(W hile — readin g ) 。在阅读课文内容时,引导学生运用不同的阅读技巧进行有效地阅读。初中一般常用的技巧是“略读(sk im min g ) ”和“扫读(scannin g ) ”等。
“ Skim min g ”就是选取课文中的重要部分和重要细节,以求抓住主要意思,对课文内容进行总的理解。这一技巧可帮学生时时把注意力集中在课文的主要意思上,而不是与主题无关紧要的细节和个别单词上。
以J EFC BOOK III中的“ Standin g Room Only ”为例。这篇文章是关于th e greatest problem of th e World …the growth of th e world ’ spopula tion。作者以standin g room only为题,警告世人注意人口增长问题的严重性与解决人口问题的紧迫感,这既是该课文的主题思想,也是作者的交际意图。因此,在教学中,让学生应用Skim min g 的技巧去理解与主题相关的信息,预先设置一些问题。让学生带着问题去寻找信息并分组自由讨论,最后每组总结出一个一致的结论,来理解作者真正意图。这样,学生通过对课文字面意思的理解深入到了解整篇课文的含义上,并帮助学生深层次地表述自己的见解。这对培养学生深入性学习外语很重要。
“ Scannin g ”是在学生查找特定信息时,通常无需认真阅读全文,只需找到信息所在的段落,然后认真阅读,来了解课文细节。利用这一技巧进行阅读时,应指导学生寻找课文的有关细节,帮助学生把注意力集中到与主题有关的段落中。
以J EFC BOOK III中 The Great Green Wall为例。这是一篇以横贯我国北部地区三北防护林为题材的说明文。为帮助学生更好地了解三北防护林的作用和意义,就课文的细节进行提问。根据所提问题的数目,把学生分成相应的组,每组各负责一个问题,学生们分头准备后以小组为单位进行交流,互教互学,再各自陈述细节的内容,或彼此相互提问。通过这一技巧,使学生能够掌握如何寻找文章细节的正确阅读方式,促进学生对整篇课文进行更深入的理解。
当然,同一篇课文,也可根据理解的需要采用不同的阅读方式。如填空、传递信息、让学生按正确的顺序排列打乱的课文、进行判断、对比的活动。
(3)阅读后(A fter — re adin g )
阅读课的最后阶段,即阅读后(after - readin g )阶段,这是检查学生阅读效果的一个重要环节。
在这一阶段,可采用许多方式进行检验。分角色朗读、表演,小组互动方式,猜谜、做游戏,概括性提问、评价性提问等。如:
“What’ swrong with you,Tom?”一课阅读后,可让学生分角色演Doctor ,Mum,Tom进行表演,让他们从中体验不同人物应该怎样表达才适合自己的角色,然后就Tom装病一事让大家说说自己在某些时候是不是也像Tom,这样对不对,为什么等。
“ Standing Room Only”一课,可采取小组互动方式,让学生畅所欲言,提出控制和解决人口膨胀问题的办法,并谈谈自己对我国实行“计划生育”政策的理解。
“ The Great Green Wall”一课,则让学生分组根据课文谈谈绿色长城的重要性和意义,再让他们谈谈在植树节应怎样认认真真地种好每一棵树,为改善我们的绿色环境,为造福子孙后代出份微薄之力,教师在这一活动中,应动、静相结合,做到“眼观六路、耳听八方”,随时获取反馈信息,来检验学生的阅读效果,并随时给学生适合的建议,以便学生在加深对课文理解的基础上,提高他们的实际交际能力。
由于以上步骤都是围绕“阅读”这一实践活动,以“交际”为主线,使课堂教学各个环节条理清晰、目标明确、层层递进、步步深入。这样,既激发了学生阅读的兴趣和动机,培养他们用英语思考,用英语交际的能力,又体现了侧重培养学生阅读能力的同时,兼顾听说读写全面发展的教学原则,使学生的语言交际能力能在英语阅读课中得到进一步提高。
7. 初中英语阅读读不懂文章,怎么办
看不懂文章,生词很多,说明你单词没有过关。应该强攻考纲单词,争取在一两周内内搞定容,然后再每天复习不要忘记。阅读有阅读技巧,即使文章看不懂也可以做对题目。完形填空是个综合性的题目,既考阅读也考语法和语言点。你可以把完形拆开来看成一道一道的单选题。单选会做完形也会做。至于完形里面的阅读部分,等你阅读提高了,完形也不难了。各地中考英语考纲单词稍微有点不一样。但大致是相同的。有的还细分为表一和表二:表一是必考的,表二是阅读里面才出现的。抓紧时间,祝你考试顺利!
8. 如何进行初中英语阅读课文教学
阅读课是训练学生阅读理解能力的主要途径,也是学生学习新语法和巩固旧知识的主要载体。在英语科中,培养学生的英语阅读理解能力尤为重要。相对于学生语言水平的提高以及相关阅读兴趣的激发而言,如何提高学生的阅读理解能力才是阅读课的最终目标。事实上,我们的学生可用英语的平台多以阅读为主。从考试的角度出发,我们也可以非常明确地知道,在现在的各类各级考试中,也都是考试的主要部分,是重中之重。因此,我们必须高度重视阅读课,通过各种方法来提高学生的阅读能力,而且由于英语各方面的能力也是相辅相成的,所以我们也必须充分开发阅读课的潜力,有效地利用阅读课的资源。在这方面我们可以把听力、语法、发音、单词等知识融入到文章中去,这样可以加深学生在这方面知识的印象,也可以是学生对文章地理解更加深入。对于一些教学经验不足和对英语教学理论没有注重的老师来说,可能一节阅读课与其他类型的课并没有多大的不同,只是把重点单纯地放在单词、句子意思和语法等基本知识目标上,而对于其他方面,关系到学生学习英语的兴趣,关系到学生英语思考的能力,关系到学生语感的培养,甚至可能关系到学生这一生对英语学习的态度的能力目标方面,似乎并不是他们上好阅读课的重点,而只是他们上课的一些副产品。事实上,一节课的教学目标,应该包括知识目标、能力目标和情感目标等,而不能把注意力仅仅放在知识目标上,它只是其中的一个,是一节课的基础目标。
每位老师基本上都已认识到阅读课的重要性,但在实际的教学当中我们应该如何操作才能达到课程所要达到的目标,如何恰当地利用各种不同的方式,来提高学生的阅读理解能力和英语其他方面的能力呢?在具体教学过程中的一些教学步骤和方法,大部分教师都比较了解,但是对于这些步骤的细节操作,如何调动学生各方面器官的积极性,实施这些步骤和方法的原因和所能达到的效果,而且从教育学的理论角度上为什么这样做,一些教师在脑海中并没有一个清晰的轮廓。在此,我想结合我的教学经验和理论学习谈谈自己的几点感受。
一、 复习
这是每节课的必要步骤,可以很好的检查和复习上节课所学内容,也可以很好的衔接上节课与本节课的内容。而且从教育学的角度来说,一节课的开始,学生还未进入正式状态,所以我们需要一个进入新课的前奏,让学生有一个适应的时间,慢慢地进入到正式上课的状态。如牛津英语9A第五单元是有关电影方面,可以在复习漫画方面,Eddie想成为超级明星,从而引出与影视相关的话题。
二、读前:新课导入
读前活动有四个目的:一、激发学生的阅读动机;二、激活和提供必要背景;三、引出话题;四、为进一步阅读解决理解上的语言障碍。这个步骤是整堂课的一个关键点,是使学生从平和达到兴奋的转折点。因为新课导入的好坏,关系到学生在学习下一个步骤,也就是课文时,是否充满期待的心情,是否具备兴奋的状态,关系到这节课的整体效果。这也就是俗话说的,有一个好的开始,也就意味着成功了一半。从教育艺术的角度来说,课堂气氛一般氛围两种类型:热情活跃型和冷漠沉闷型。我们当然追求热情活跃型的教育气氛,因为它更能有效地提高学生的学习积极性和学习效率。
新课导入的话题,最好是学生比较感兴趣的,同时也是教师感兴趣或者了解的,这样才能引起师生的共鸣,拉近学生和教师的距离,为创造一个热情的、活跃的、和谐的课堂气氛打下基础。因为以前那种教师以课堂主体,学生为客体的“填鸭式”教学模式对学生的影响非常深,如果没有一个良好的课堂气氛,那么这种影响的消除就缺乏基础,势必难以进行。
比如牛津八年级上学期英语第六单元的阅读,这节课主要是描述有关地震的事,那么这节课的导入话题,我们就可以选取与自然灾害有关的话题,我想这个话题是学生比较愿意谈论的。我们需要注意的是,兴奋状态的达到,并不是只选取一个好的话题就可以了,这只是有了一个好的开始,我们老师需要对学生的谈论进行引导,并且利用有效地方法和教学工具来促使学生的兴奋状态达到一个更高的程度。比如这节课我们可以给学生播放各种自然灾害相关短片,让学生有切身的感受,明白自然灾害给人类带来的危害。这样接下来对于地震幸存者的描述就不会觉得突兀了。
三、读中:课文理解
这个步骤是整堂课的主要部分,这部分内容操作的好坏直接关系到这堂课的整体效果。我们要本着学生阅读为课堂的主体,老师起主导作用的原则来实施这堂课的教学,而不能像以前那种灌输式的教学模式一样,老师占用大部分的时间而学生则成了一台单纯的录音机,只能录不能放。在这,我想介绍几个我认为比较有效的方法:
1、听课文:通过复习和新课导入这两个步骤,学生的上课状态已经达到了比较兴奋的程度,我们必须利用好这种兴奋状态,把这种兴奋有效地转移到课文上,从而也可以使活跃的课堂温度降下来。这时,可一让学生带着问题去听课文,这样可以在保持学生注意力的前提下,降低了课堂气氛。而且,听力的练习和能力的提高并不是只有集中练习才是最好的方法,我们可以让学生在上其他类型的课时,通过听课文的方式,既可以加深了对课文的印象,又可以练习了听力,达到一箭双雕的效果。并且,从理论上来讲,十个五分钟的练习要远远比一个五十分钟的练习的效果好的多。从教育节奏的角度来说,一堂课必须动与静,张与驰相结合,一度地紧张和兴奋,会使学生产生劳累感,效率降低;当然也不能一味地松弛和沉闷,这也会使学生的注意力无法集中。
2、速读课文:在听了一两遍课文之后,让学生打开课文自己去快速阅读,了解没听懂的地方。同时设计相关习题,帮助学生了解文章大意。这样无形之中对课文的印象会加深。老师最好给学生一个限定的时间,提高阅读理解的速度。快速阅读是非常重要的一环,因为学生在考试之中没有宽余的时间一句一句地分析,而且现在从各种各类考试中我们也可以看到快速阅读,也就是fast reading,越来越受到青睐。所以我们必须不仅在平常的练习和考试中训练他们的快速阅读能力,而且在课堂当中也要潜移默化的培养他们这种阅读能力。
3、精读课文:精读课文这个步骤是阅读课的主体,是阅读课的中心任务,但是如何操作好精读课文这个步骤似乎一直没有一个定论。有些老师可能仍然在延续灌输式教学模式中一句一句给学生翻译课文,事无巨细地讲解课文中语法的做法。似乎只有这样,老师的心中才踏实,才认为学生学到了东西。但这只是最基本的知识目标,对于学生的英语语感,用英语思考的能力,认为似乎都是比较遥远的事情,舍不得时间给学生锻炼的机会。我们的老师恨不能把自己知道的所有知识都教给学生,恨不能学生能记住所有课本中甚至课本外的知识,这样反而抹杀了学生学习英语的兴趣,更不用说借助学生的兴趣来提高学习效率了。在精读课文时,我们应该把更多的时间交给学生,当然不是放波逐流,而是通过老师的指导,让学生的各个感官器官调动起来,提高各方面的英语能力。
精读课文,我们要让学生自己去仔细的阅读课文,去理解课文,去寻找问题,解决问题。我们最好在学生自己详细阅读之前领读一遍,这样做的目的是为了使学生注意到朗读课文时所应具有感情和正确的发音,否则在他们熟读之后,再纠正他们的错误会更加困难,总的来说,流利、有感情的朗读是现代阅读课的一项重要指标,有多方面的重要作用,是培养学生语感的主要途径,也是保持学生英语学习兴趣的重要方面。口语是学习一门语言的重要方面,是表现这门语言学地好与坏的两大途径之一,是想如果学生的发音不够标准,不够好听,时间一长他们就会越来越感到自己没有学好这门语言的希望和兴趣,所以我们必须注重学生的朗读方式。同时,学生在阅读的时候,也要养成他们遇到问题通过同学之间的讨论和向老师请教的方式来自己解决问题,这样,老师可以及时归结出在备课时没有准备的重点和难点,同时也给了学生动口的机会。
4、检验效果:精读课文之后,我们可以通过很多方式来检查阅读效果,例如让学生回答有关课文内容的一些问题,也可以通过让学生复述课文,缺词填空,判断正误等方式来检验。最好通过学生自愿和老师提问相结合的方式,这样既给了积极性高的学生锻炼的机会,又可以把大部分同学的紧张程度再次提起来。因为在前面过程中,虽然保持着较为活跃的气氛,但是学生的紧张度已经降下来了,根据张与弛相结合的原则,这是有必要再次,也就是第二次提高学生的紧张度。在学生训练的过程中,可以给与必要的提示和帮助,允许他们口头上的一些小错误,不打击、影响他们的积极性。
5、分析要点:重点和难点一般是学生在精读课文时所遇到的语法方面困难。对于语法的讲解,以前的老师一般大多从理论的角度去分析,这样虽然对语法的道理学生非常明白,但他们在应用和考试当中很难把语法的理论知识和实际有效快速的结合起来,这是因为学生在学习的时候脱离了语言环境。我们在这一方面可以借鉴疯狂英语的方法,以句子的形式讲解,以句子的形式巩固,以句子的形式练习,让学生始终在句子当中理解语法的使用。这一环节可放在第二课时进行处理。
四、读后:拓展延伸
根据阅读内容进行各种思维活动,鼓励学生将阅读的内容与自己的经历,知识,兴趣和观点联系,将阅读技能与其他技能进行整和,进行综合语言训练。也就是我们所说的知识的迁移,使学生的能力目标得以实现。例如我在上牛津英语9A第二单元有关颜色阅读时,就将颜色与人的心情结合起来,让学生更好的理解颜色所代表的意义。I’m feeling blue.让学生猜测其意义及为什么。又出示相关图片,让学生寻找能代表图中人物心情的合适颜色,还可以通过猜谜游戏来进行。这一环节也可以通过小组活动进行,如牛津英语9A第五单元阅读有关奥黛丽·赫本之后,可以让学生分组讨论是什么让她获得如此成功,学生总结出她的漂亮,智慧,善良,运气等等,接着再问我们能从她身上学到什么,让学生自由表述自己的观点,从而有效的结合了学生的实际情况,进行综合语言运用能力的提升。
五、布置作业
练习结束后,也已经接近下课了,在布置作业之前,老师最好可以带领学生把这节课的内容快速浏览以下,从而对这节课的内容形成一个清晰的轮廓。
前面的自由复习、练习、浏览和作业,都是为了有效的巩固学生的知识,我们要科学地知道学生巩固知识,而不是自己一味地讲解完后,再让学生课后自己死记硬背。根据艾宾浩斯记忆曲线的原理,人类的遗忘速度是先快后慢,所以我们让学生在课堂结束前,通过布置作业在当天晚上,这几个比较关键的时间,有效的巩固知识,这样可以用最少的时间达到最好的效果。(其它的几个关键时间包括一个星期后、一个月后和半年后)
总的来说,在具体的阅读教学实践中,要本着学生为课堂教学的主体,教师起主导作用的原则,注重课堂气氛和教育节奏的把握,利用多媒体辅助教学,在尽可能调动学生各种感官器官的情况下,提高学生的阅读理解能力和其他方面的能力。同时,教师应有意识的向学生传授正确的阅读策略,引导学生进行适量的课外阅读,注意培养学生的阅读能力。
9. 初中英语阅读短篇文章
1.Once Einstein gave a lecture in many places in America. His driver always listened to him and knew the lecture so well that he was sure be could give it himself. So Einstein agreed that the driver gave the lecture him.
As nobody knew Einstein there, the driver gave the lecture for Einstein that evening. At first he was a bit afraid, but Einstein's smile made him feel better. He gave a good lecture and the people were quite pleased.
Then the driver started to leave and Einstein followed him without a word. When they got to the door, a man asked the driver a difficult question.
The driver said that the question was very easy, and told the man to ask his driver behind to answer it.
2.Ali,who was working a long way from home wanted to send a letter to his wife,but he could neither read nor write, and he had to work all day,so he could only look for somebody to write his letter late atnight .At last he found the house of a letter writer whose name was Nasreddin.
Nasreddin was already in bed."It is late,"he said. "What do you want?" "I want you to write a letter to my wife , "said Ali , Nasreddin wasnot pleased. He thought for a few seconds and then said, "Has theletter got to go far?" "What does that matter?" answered Ali.
"Well, my writing is so strange that only I can read it, and if I have to travel a long way to read your letter to your wife, it will cost you a lot of money." Ali went away quickly.
Multiple choice 。
3.An old man died and left his son a lot of money. But the son was a foolish young man,and he quickly spent all the money, so that soon hehad nothing left.Of course ,when that happened, all his friends lefthim.When he was quite poor and alone, he went to see Nasreddin, who was a kind, clever old man and often helped people when they had troubles.
"My money has finished and my friends have gone,"said the young man. "What will happen to me now?"
"Don't worry , young man,"answered Nasreddin."Everything will soon be all right again.Wait ,and you will soon feel much happier."
The young man was very glad."Am I going to get rich again then? " heasked Nasreddin.
"No, I didn't mean that," said the old man."I meant that you would soon get used to being poor and to having no friends."
Multiple choice .
4.The English people like take-away food. The most popular food is fish and chips.They usually go to a fish and chip shop.They put the food in paper bags, and take it home, or to their work place. At lunch time, many people eat take-away food in the park. Chinese takeaways are also very popular in England. People in the USA and Australia like Chinese take-away food, too. But the most popular food in the USA is fried chicken.
5.The Komodo lizard is the world's largest lizard(蜥蜴). It was not discovered until this century and was named only in 1921. It was formerly found on three Indonesian islands: Komodo, Rintja and Flores. By the 1930's, in spite of government protection, the population of this great lizard had been reced to a few hundred. It was, however, still found on the three main islands and there were still lizards of over 4 metres in length. By 1963, after a period of only fifty years since its discovery, the entire population was based on Komodo. It is now unusual to see one as long as 3 metres. The lizard's normal food consists mainly of wild goats and pigs, animals which the islanders also hunt. This, of course, means that the lizard often gets too little to eat. It will certainly die out soon its hunting and breeding(繁殖) grounds are protected more effectively.
6.At the Barber's Shop(理发店)
Jack went to a barber's shop and had his hair cut, but when he came out, he
was not happy with the result(结果). When his friend Bob saw him, he laughed
and said, "What has happened to your hair,Jack?"
Jack said, "I tried a new barber's shop today, because I wasn't quite satisfied
with my old one, but this one seems even worse."
Bob agreed(同意). "Yes, I think you're right, Jack. Now I'll tell you what
to do when you go into a barber's shop next time: look at all the barber's hair,
find out whose hair looks worst, and then go straight to him."
"Why shall I go to him?" Jack asked. "But that would be foolish!"
"Oh, no, it wouldn't," answered Bob. "Who cut that man's hair? Just think
it. He couldn't cut it himself, could he? Another of the barbers cut it. So
you know he can't be the worst barber."
7.Mr Perkin's New Car
Mr Perkin stood at the bus-stop and watched the cars go by. Many of the cars
were new Beta 400s, and most of them were yellow. Mr Perkin always wore the
same clothes as other men, ate the same food as other people, and did the same
things after work, and at the end of the week, Mr Perkin did not like to be
different.
The following week, Mr Perkin bought a new, bright yellow Beta 400s. He was
satisfied with it, and drove to work in it the very next day. He was even more
satisfied with his new car, when he saw all the other Beta 400s, in front, behind,
and on both sides of him.
Mr Perkin parked(停车) his car in a big car-park(停车场) near his office,
and walked the rest of the way. But when he came back at five o'clock, there
were so many bright yellow Beta 400s in the car-park that he did not know which
car was his. He tried his key in some of the cars, but people passing by gave
him a look he didn't like. So he stopped.
Poor Mr Perkin had to wait nearly two hours until his was the only yellow
Beta 400s in the car-park.
8.A long time ago people thought that the sun went round the earth. In some
countries people even said that the sun was a god(神). They thought the god
drove across the sky each day on a golden horse. Now we know the earth goes
round the sun. It takes the earth a year to go all way round the sun. Today
men even know how far it is for the earth to go round the sun. They tell us
that the earth travels over a thousand miles a minute on its journey round the
sun.\$
The sun is really a star. It is much bigger than the earth and it is very
hot. Some people have been to the moon but we know that no one can ever go to
the sun. It is far too hot for people to live anywhere near it. The sun is three
hundred thousand times heavier than the earth and more than million times larger.\$
9.The Farmer, His Horse, and His son
Once there was an old farmer, with a horse which was almost as old as himself.
He set out one morning with his son to sell the horse before it died. Father
and son walked, because the farmer did not want the horse to be too tired.
They met two men on the road who said, "Why are you walking, farmer? You have
a horse, It's a long way to market(市场). "The farmer know that this was true,
so he rode on the horse, while his son walked.
Then they met two old women, "What are you doing up there, farmer? Can't you
see how tired boy is?" So the farmer got down, and his son rode instead.\$
Next, three old men stopped them, one said, "Why are you walking, farmer?
Get up, It's too hot for an old man like you to walk today," So the farmer got
up behind his son, and they rode on.
Some time later, a young woman passed them, "Why aren't you walking?" she
asked, "It isn't far to the market. Give your poor horse a rest."
So the farmer, and his son, got down once again. It is a fact that you cannot
please all the people all the time.
10.I Want to Be a Dustman
Tom was ten years old, and he was a very lazy boy, He didn't like doing any
work. He had to go to school of course, but he didn't study hard there and tried
to do as little work as possible. His father and mother were both doctors and they
hoped that their son would become one, too, when he grew up. But one day Tom
said to his mother, "When I finish school, I want to be a stman."
"A stman?" his mother asked, she was very surprised. "That's not a very
pleasant job, why do you
10. 初中英语阅读理解解答技巧
我是今年刚中考完的,到三模英语没下过110,但我不知道我的方法是不是适回合你
看懂文章答的大体意思,不要过分纠结每一个词的意思,当然平时必须要尽可能多的积累词汇
如果文章很长或直接不感兴趣要先看问题,能行的话可以先猜一猜。
找文章中的“夺眼词”,比如,大写的单词,数字。。。
文章中找关键句可以的话就画出来,(即你判断这个题答案的依据),这样思路清晰也利于检查
我们这里年年都有阅读表达起题目的题,这种题,尽量在文中找句子。
概括文章大意的题:(1)如果是选择题,一定要先自己排顺序,切记不能被选项所误导
(2)如果是表达题现在草稿纸上理清思路再下笔,否则很可能空不够
以上,纯手打