初中英语被动语态怎么讲解

『壹』 初中英语被动语态

1-1 当句子的主语为动作的承受者即受动者，动词用被动语态。
Eg. John helped Peter. （John是动作的施行者，而Peter是动作的承受者即承受者。）
 Peter was helped by John. （Peter是句子的主语，而且是动作的承受者，所以用被动语态。）
1-2 被动语态的构成：be + 动词的过去分词

2. 特别提醒：被动语态的时态和人称的变动都是由动词be作改变的，不论发生什么改变，动词的过去分词(v+ed或不规则的分词) 都不改变。时态用的助动词和人称代词由被动语态句子中的主语，即动作的承受者，所决定。

2-1 Eg. He cleans the room everyday.
 The room is cleaned (by him) everyday.
(一般现在时的被动语态构成: is / am / are + 动词的过去分词)

2-2 Eg. They have brought many toys since last week.
 Many toys have been brought (by them) since last week.
(现在完成时的被动语态构成：has/have + been + 动词过去分词。)

2-3 Eg. They are meeting the foreigners at the gate.
 The foreigners are being met (by them) at the gate.
(现在进行时的被动语态构成：is/ are/ am + being + 动词过去分词)

2-4 Eg. They will build some new buildings next year.
 Some new buildings will be built (by them) next year.
They are going to draw a new picture tomorrow.
 A new picture is going to be drawn tomorrow.
(一般将来时被动语态构成：will + be +动词过去分词, 或is/am/are going to +be + 动词过去分词)

2-5 Eg. Father has been painting the room all morning.
 The room has been being painted (by father) all morning.
(仅作了解：现在完成进行时的被动语态：has/ have + been+ being + 动词过去分词)

2-6 Eg. They wrote the book last year.
 The book was written (by them) last year.
（一般过去时的被动语态构成：was/ were+动词过去分词）

2-7 Eg. The children had broken the window when the teacher arrived.
 The windows had been broken (by the children) when the teacher arrived.
(过去完成时被动语态构成had + been + 动词过去分词。)

2-8 Eg. She was reading the book at 8:00 last night.
 The book was being read at 8:00 last night.
(过去进行时被动语态构成：was/ were being + 动词过去分词)
2-9 Eg. They said they would cook some food.
 They said some food would be cooked.
They said he was going to buy a new house.
 They said a new house was going to be bought.
(过去将来时被动语态构成：would +动词过去分词，或：was/were going to be + 动词分词)

2-10 Eg. He must finish the work in two days.
 The work must be finished in two days.
(情态动词被动语态：must/have to/had better/ should/can/could/may/might/need to + be +动词分词)

3． 间接引语中的被动语态：
3-1 引述动词是一般现在时的时候，引语的人称根据引述动词前面的主语而作调整，但时态不变。
Eg. He often says, “ I was chosen to take part in the exam when I was twelve.”
 He often says he was chosen to take part in the exam when he was twelve. （人称由引述动词says前面的主语he 决定，但引语的时态不变。）

3-2 引述动词为过去时态，引语部分的时态和人陈都按照引述部分进行改变。
Eg. He said, “ My father has been hit by a car.”
He said his father had been hit by a car. (引语部分的时态和人称都发生了改变。)

3-3 从上文可看出：引述动词是过去时态时，被动语态形式的引语改动规则与主动语态形式的引语的改动规则一样，但无论如何，只要是被动语态，它的动词的过去分词总是不改的。）

4．几种特殊的情况需要特别注意：
4-1. 带介词的双宾语可以有两种改法：
eg. They gave him an apple.
 He was given an apple.
 An apple was given to him. (双宾语中当直接宾语apple 作被动语态句子的主语时，要记得写上介词to。)
4-1-1这样的动词有：buy/make/cook sth for sb
或：show/bring/give/take/ send/write/… to sb.

4-2. 多词动词的被动语态：
eg. She looked after his children.
 His children were looked after (by her).
4-2-1这样的动词有：look after, look into, talk about, set up, put off, bring about, do away with, look forward to, take good care of 等等词。

4-3 It is/was/has been said/reported/known + that + 从句

4-4 有些动词在主动语态里不带to，但改为被动语态时要还原to
make/see/have/hear/let sb do sth sb be made/seen/heard/let to do sth
eg. The boss made the workers work for a long time.
 The workers were made to work for a long time (by the boss).

4-5 有些动词在主动语态中带sb doing sth, 改为被动语态时仍用doing sth
eg. I heard him singing in his room. He was heard singing in his room.

4-6 特别区分：当句子中出现suddenly, 具体的时间时，用see/hear sb doing sth的形式
当句中出现often, always, sometimes, 或不具体的时间时，用see/hear sb do sth的形式。
Eg. 1) I often hear him sing in his room.
2) Yesterday I saw him cross the road.
3) Suddenly they heard someone crying in the forest.
4-7 不及物动词没有被动语态：happen, take place, begin, become, go, come
eg. Great changes have taken place in the last two years.
4-8 表静态的动词没有被动语态：cost, last, agree with, own
4-9 主动形式表示被动意义，通常用于表示sth的功能或效用: write/wash/cut/use/sell/cook
eg. The cooker cooks well.
The washing machine washes well.

注意：动词的搭配：
1．带sb to do sth的动词：allow/encourage/help/want/wish/ask/tell sb to do sth,
2．带 to do sth 的动词：hope/agree/decide/want/wish/prefer to do sth
3．带 doing sth 的动词：enjoy/practise/think about/doing sth
4．几对特殊的例子：remember to do sth (记得要做，但还没做)
remember doing sth (记得要做，而且做了)
forget to do sth ( 忘记要做，没有做)
forget doing sth ( 做了，但忘记已经做了)
5．prefer doing sth to doing sth
6．look forward to doing sth
7．介词后面用doing sth
8．动词做句子的主语时用ing形式：Collecting stamps is interesting.

『贰』 谁能详细讲讲英语被动语态

被动语态（从别处找来的）
英语中时态很多，但语态不多，只有两种，即：主动语态和被动语态。今天我们着重讲被动语态。
1. 定义：被动语态，即不知道动作执行者或强调动作承受者的一种语态。例如中文常说：我被他打，这就是一种被动。但有时由于句子结构上的需要也要用被动，例如It is not unusual for workers in that region to be paid more than a month it 在句中作形式主语。而不定式to be paid more than a month是句子的逻辑主语。结合选项全句的意思是：“那个地方的工人一个多月后才得到工资是常有的事”。
2. 构成：be+past participle(过去分词)(简称P.P.)（+by+动作执行者）（过去分词的概念见上课）
3. 当主动语态要被改成被动的时候，我们把原句的宾语提前，作为改句的主语，主语后置，作为宾语。因此有一点要注意，不及物动词由于不加宾语，没有被动形式，但不及物动词如果与某些介词构成介词短语，可以用被动。例如The fire had been put out before the fireman arrived. Put是不即物动词，但put out是及物动词
4. 应用到各种时态和句型如下：
① 一般式（一般现在，一般过去，一般将来）：am, is, are, was, were, is going to be , will be+done.ie. Once environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the system to recover. 本句的意思是：“环境一旦遭到破坏，需要多年时间才能恢复过来。”do作为及物动词有“引起，产生”的含义，do damage的意思是“造成破坏”。主语damage是及物动词do的动作对象，谓语应当用被动语态。同样的，还有，I will mend the machine.相当于The machine will be mended （by me）.
② 进行时（现在进行、过去进行、将来进行）：be+being+P.P. ie.The classroom is being cleaned.
③ 完成时（现在完成、过去完成、将来完成）：have/has been + P.P.：例如The machine will have been repaired by 3 o’clock this afternoon.再如：My homework has been finished.
④ 其他时态依词类推，可得到结果。
⑤ 情态动词的被动语态：主语 + 情态动词 + be动词 + 动词过去分词，例如Your teeth must be brushed.
⑥ 不定式的被动语态：to be done例：The no-shows have to be considered when deciding the rate of overbooking.（确定超过接待能力的预定时必须考虑预定了房间却来不了的客人。）
Ⅱ、主动语态变为被动的几个特殊情况
① 有些动词在主动结构中，后面接不带to的不定式，但如果改为被动，则需把省略的to加上，这类动词有hear, watch, make, help, let等，如：The boss made my grandfather work 10hours a day.改成My grandfather was made to work for 10 hours a day.
② 含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动，通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语，从句放在句子后面/也可采用另一种形式，这类动词有：know, say, believe, find, think, report等
③ 是所有的主动句都可以变换成被动句，更不是所有的被动句都可以自由变换成主动句。虽然语法原则上允许主动和被动句的互相转换，但有的句子转换后会变成不通顺或不地道的英语句子。因此，在某些题目里，这也成为判断应该用主动还是用被动的依据。
例：At 5:05 p.m. on Saturday 19th July , there was an accident at the junction of the Main Street and Panda Road when a boy was knocked down off his bicycle by a delivery van. The boy was sent to St. Maria Hospital where he was treated for shock and a broken arm.
在这段文章里，a boy was knocked down off his bicycle by a delivery van这句被动句强调出读到文章的人最关心的事故的受害者。The boy was sent to St. Maria Hospital这句话则说明了孩子被送到医院的事实，至于是由谁（某个过路人？或肇事司机？）送的不重要。he was treated for shock and a broken arm这句被动句无须说出treat这个动作的发出者，因为在医院，伤病员自然由医务人员处理，无须罗嗦。这样，这段文章就重点突出，条理清楚了。
④ 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。多是把间接宾语变为主语。这样句子自然些。直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语要变为某个介词的宾语，介词to可以省略。如His father left him this house.改为This house was left (to) him by his father.
⑤ 有些动词虽为及物，但宾语并非是动作承受者，不能转换，这些动词有have, hold（容纳）,suit, fit, lack, become（适合）contain, cost, last, mean, suffice（足够）等。
⑥ 当直接宾语为反身代词、相互代词或宾语前有指代主语的物主代词时不用被动，如I shook my head.我摇摇头。
⑦ 当宾语为同源宾语（与主句指同一人），动名词，动词不定式或一个从句时不用被动。如John enjoyed seeing the fil,.
⑧ 在一些固定说法中，有些名词和动词结合的固定说法，不能改We Chinese always keep our word.
⑨ 某些从不及物动词转化来的及物动词，直接宾语在表示动作的方式或效果时，这些动词在意思上起状语的作用，没有被动The girl kissed her boyfriend good night=The girl said good night to her boyfriend by kissing him.
⑩ 表地点\处所\组织\长度\大小\数量\程度\抽象名词的词做宾语时不用被动.
⑪ 某些“不及物动词+介词”短语,walk into, listen to, sleep in, agree with, shake hands with, belong to, take part in, keep up with不能用被动。
⑫ 某些词用主动表被动：sell, miss, build, grow, look, smell, taste, sound, feel等

『叁』 初中英语被动语态的方法

一般就是 be+动词的被动语态

『肆』 初中英语的疑问句的被动语态的用法

先了解被动语态的用法
被动语态的基本结构:助动词be的各种时态形式+及物动词的过去分词.

1)当我们不知道动作的执行者或没有必要说明动作的执行者时,用被动语态.
eg:Rice is grown in the south of China.中国南方种水稻.(一般现在时的被动语态)
就画线部份为in the south of China
则疑问句:Where is rice grown ?

2)需要强调动作的承受者时,用被动语态.
eg:Your work must be finished today.你们的工作必须今天完成.(含情态动词的被动语态)
就画线部份为Your work
则疑问句:What must be finished today?

『伍』 初三英语被动语态讲解

一般现在时:I am puzzled by your question.
一般过去时:I was robbed on last Monday.
现在完成时:The city has been conquered.
含有情态动词的形式:This problem can be solved easily.

『陆』 英语被动语态的讲解

在被动语态中，通常当动作发出者由by引出后，都是直接放在动词之后，如果没有状语，句子就结尾了，这时候你看到的“by+执行者”就在句尾；
例：The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.
但有时句子会有一些状语，如：时间状语，地点状语等，他们回跟在“by+执行者”的后面，这时，也就是你所看到的“by+执行者”在句中了。
例：A book was given to me by him yesterday.（yesterday是时间状语）
A picture was shown to me by him in his house.（in his house是地点状语）
希望对你有帮助！^_^

『柒』 初中英语被动语态的规则

英语被动语态基本构成公式： be + 实义动词的过去分词。

1、一般现在时：am/is/are＋

2、一般过去时：was/were＋given

3、一般将来时：will/shall be＋given

4、过去将来时：would be＋given

5、现在进行时：am/is/are being＋given

6、过去进行时：was/were being＋given

7、现在完成时：has/have been＋given

8、过去完成时：had been＋given

9、将来完成时：will/shall have been＋given

英语中被动语态的构成不仅仅需要在实义动词前添加词语， 还需要 实义动词的参与：该实义动词要变成其过去分词的形式。

提示： 只有实义动词中的及物动词才有被动语态的构成形式， 不及物动词没有被动语态的构成形成

中文句中的动词不区分为谓语动词和非谓语动词， 但是英语句中的动词有谓语动词和非谓语动词的区分， 也因英语中的被动语态结构有两种形式： 谓语动词的被动语态和非谓语动词的被动语态。



(7)初中英语被动语态怎么讲解扩展阅读

1、am 、is、are 是be动词在一般现在时态下的三种变化形式；

2、was、were是be动词在一般过去时态下的两种变化形式；

3、"has/have + 动词过去分词"是现在完成时态的构成形式。

被动语态的构成结构中一定要有助动词be和实义动词的过去分词，为了满足现在完成时态的构成要求，助动词变成过去分词(been)，与has/have构成现在完成时态。

同时be动词（此时已经变成过去分词been）与实义动词的过去分词构成被动语态，因此has/have been done既体现了现在完成时态的时态意义又表达出了被动意义，形成了现在完成完成时态的被动语态结构。

『捌』 初中被动语态讲解

备用语态根本就不难 如果讲的详细可能你会弄得糊里糊涂
被动语态就是be+done（动词过去分词）
时态是通过变be的时态来实现的
一般现在：is/am/are+done
过去：were/was+done
将来：will be done
将来完成被动：wll have been done
过去完成被动：would/should have been done
一般初中的话就是前面三种吧 恩恩 好好记一记动词过去分词就可以了，特别是不规则的