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初中英語閱讀猜詞義題

發布時間: 2023-05-25 20:38:28

⑴ 七年級上英語閱讀理解

第一篇:

Is Cody Simpson the next Justin Bieber?

Sure, they both started out by making YouTube videos. Yes, they are both super-hot pop singers. Of course, they both have fans screaming their names. But, is Cody Simpson the next Justin Bieber?

Cody was born in Australia. He moved to Los Angeles (洛杉磯) to make his first album. Cody has been touring to gain fans, but he’s still far from a household name in the United States. He has a crush on Miley Cyrus and Selena Gomez, but isn’t famous enough to get their attention yet!

Lots of people call Cody the Australian Justin Bieber. Like most artists, Cody just wants people to respect him for his own music. If you want to see how Cody compares to Justin, listen to his songs iYiYi or Summertime. You decide if we have a new pop idol or just another Justin Bieber wannabe.

閱讀短文,選擇正確答案。

1. What does the underlined word mean?

A. 評論 B. 尖叫 C. 宣布 D. 通知

2. Where is Coby Simpson from?

A. China. B. Australia. C. Los Angeles. D. The United States.

3. Who isn’t famous enough to get their attention yet?

A. Cody Simpson. B. Justin Bieber. C. Miley Cyrus. D. Selena Gomez.

4. Which of the following is TRUE in the passage?

A. Cody and Justin both started out by making YouTube videos.

B. Justin moved to Los Angeles to make his first album.

C. Selena is still far from a household name in the United States.

D. Miley just wants people to respect him for his own music.

5. If we listen to Cody’s songs iYiYi or Summertime, we can .

A. see how you compares to Justin

B. see how Cody compares to Justin

C. call Cody the Australian Justin Bieber.

D. call you the Australian Justin Bieber.

第二篇:

It’s time for lunch! Today we have obento. In fact, “obento” is a word for lunch in Japanese. It’s tasty, healthy and eye-catching.

There are some interesting rules in an obento. First, rice is separated from the other dishes. Thus the rice won’t pick up any other flavors. Besides, there is the main dish and the two side dishes. The main dish can be anything from mplings, to fried chicken, to fish. And the side dish can be anything, like salad.

During obento making, you must learn to combine the food colours of red, yellow, and green. The red food will make people feel hungry, the yellow food is usually healthy, and the green food is full of vitamins. So if you can combine these colours well, you can make a good obento.

Nowadays the obento plays a great part in Japanese life. When a class goes for an outing, all the students will bring their mom-made obento. You see, the obento is always filled with love, just as a mother said, “I remember my mother making obento for me. Now I make obento for my daughter every day. Hopefully, she’ll make obento for her children too, with the same love.”

閱讀短文,選擇正確答案。

1. What does the underlined word mean?

A. 合並 B. 分開 C. 結合 D. 攪拌

2. How many dishes are there in an obento?

A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.

3. Which colours are good for an obento?

A. red, yellow, and blue B. red, orange, and green

C. yellow, green, and red D. white, yellow, and green

4. What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A. The obento plays a great part in Japanese life at present.

B. When a class goes for an outing, no student will bring their mom-made obento.

C. As a mother said the obento is always filled with delicious food.

D. My daughter won’t make obento for her children with the same love.

5. The purpose of the passage is to tell us that .

A. the main dish of the obento can be anything

B. the red food will make people feel hungry

C. we can make a good obent with the three colours

D. we should make and eat more obento

>>>>>>答案解析<<<<<<

第一篇:

【語篇解讀】

科迪·辛普森是來自黃金海岸的歌壇新勢力!他和賈斯汀都是超熱流行歌手。但科迪會是未來的賈斯汀嗎?科迪出生於澳大利亞。他搬到洛杉磯去製作他的第一張專輯。他一直在巡迴演出以贏得歌迷,但他的名字還遠遠不能在美國做到家喻戶曉。

【長難句注釋】

Cody was born in Australia. He moved to Los Angeles to make his first album. Cody has been touring to gain fans, but he’s still far from a household name in the United States. He has a crush on Miley Cyrus and Selena Gomez, but isn’t famous enough to get their attention yet!

科迪出生於澳大利亞。他搬到洛杉磯去製作他的第一張專輯。科迪一直在巡迴演出以贏得歌迷,但他的名字還遠遠不能在美國做到家喻戶曉。他很迷戀麥莉賽勒斯和塞萊娜戈麥斯,但還不夠出名,足以引起他們的注意!

1. B 詞義猜測題 從短文第1段的第3個句子Of course, they both have fans screaming their names. 可知當然,他們都有歌迷在尖叫他們的名字。故選B。

2. B 細節理解題 從短文第2段的第1個句子Cody was born in Australia. 可知科迪是來自於澳大利亞。故選B。

3. A 細節理解題 從短文第2段的第4個句子He has a crush on Miley Cyrus and Selena Gomez, but isn’t famous enough to get their attention yet! 可知科迪很迷戀麥莉賽勒斯和塞萊娜戈麥斯,但還不夠出名,足以引起他們的注意!故選A。

4. A 推理判斷題 從短文第1段的第1個句子Sure, they both started out by making YouTube videos. 可知科迪和賈斯汀都是通過製作網站視頻開始啟動的,這是正確的。故選A。

5. B 細節理解題 從短文第3段的第3個句子If you want to see how Cody compares to Justin, listen to his songs iYiYi or Summertime. 可知如果我們聽科迪的歌曲iYiYi 或者Summertime, 我們就可以看到科迪和賈斯汀之間的對比。故選B。

第二篇:

【語篇解讀】

“obento”是日本午餐便當,它的美味、健康且引人注目。它飯與菜市是分開的,一個主菜和兩個小菜。而且主要由三種顏色組合而成的',作為母親能為孩子做充滿愛的日式便當就太好了。孩子們都很喜歡它們。

【長難句注釋】

During obento making, you must learn to combine the food colours of red, yellow, and green. The red food will make people feel hungry, the yellow food is usually healthy, and the green food is full of vitamins. So if you can combine these colours well, you can make a good obento.

在日式便當時,你必須學會把紅、黃、綠三種顏色的食品組合在一起。紅色食物會讓人覺得餓,黃色的食物通常是健康的,綠色的食品是富含維他命。所以,如果你能很好地結合這些顏色的話,你能做出一個好的便當。

1. B 詞義猜測題 從短文第2段的第3個句子Thus the rice won’t pick up any other flavors. 可知。故選B。

2. B 細節理解題 從短文第2段的第4個句子Besides, there is the main dish and the two side dishes. 可知一個日式便當有一個主菜和兩個小菜。故選B。

3. C 細節理解題 從短文第3段的第1個句子During obento making, you must learn to combine the food colours of red, yellow, and green. 可知對做日式便當有利的三種顏色是紅黃綠。故選C。

4. A 推理判斷題 從短文第4段的第1個句子Nowadays the obento plays a great part in Japanese life. 可知日式便當現在在日本扮演著重要的角色。故選A。

5. D 主旨大意題 短文的主題和中心思想是告訴我們應該多做和多吃日式便當。故選D。

⑵ 四川中考英語詞義猜測題有哪些形式

四川中考英語詞義猜測題有通過語境猜測詞義、根據定義來猜測詞義、通過經驗即生活常識猜測詞義三種形式。
1、通過語境猜測簡尺詞義,通過文章主題和上下文消漏的邏輯關系,來推測出生詞或句子的含義。
2、根據定義猜測詞義,定義的形式通常有:用一個句子或段落給生詞定義,使用破折號、冒號後面的內容或引號、括弧中的內容對生詞加以解釋或定義。
3、通過經驗及生活常識猜測詞義,在閱讀文章的基礎上利用自己對日常生活的理解和攔橋高判斷來完成對單詞的猜測。

初中七年級英語閱讀理解題

初中七年級英語閱讀理解題

以下是由我提供給大家的初中七年級的英語閱讀理解題以及答案解析,有興趣的朋友可以閱讀練習一下哦!

第一篇:

It’s time for lunch! Today we have obento. In fact, “obento” is a word for lunch in Japanese. It’s tasty, healthy and eye-catching.

There are some interesting rules in an obento. First, rice is separated from the other dishes. Thus the rice won’t pick up any other flavors. Besides, there is the main dish and the two side dishes. The main dish can be anything from mplings, to fried chicken, to fish. And the side dish can be anything, like salad.

During obento making, you must learn to combine the food colours of red, yellow, and green. The red food will make people feel hungry, the yellow food is usually healthy, and the green food is full of vitamins. So if you can combine these colours well, you can make a good obento.

Nowadays the obento plays a great part in Japanese life. When a class goes for an outing, all the students will bring their mom-made obento. You see, the obento is always filled with love, just as a mother said, “I remember my mother making obento for me. Now I make obento for my daughter every day. Hopefully, she’ll make obento for her children too, with the same love.”

閱讀短文,選擇正確答案。

1. What does the underlined word mean?

A. 合並 B. 分開 C. 結合 D. 攪拌

2. How many dishes are there in an obento?

A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.

3. Which colours are good for an obento?

A. red, yellow, and blue B. red, orange, and green

C. yellow, green, and red D. white, yellow, and green

4. What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A. The obento plays a great part in Japanese life at present.

B. When a class goes for an outing, no student will bring their mom-made obento.

C. As a mother said the obento is always filled with delicious food.

D. My daughter won’t make obento for her children with the same love.

5. The purpose of the passage is to tell us that .

A. the main dish of the obento can be anything

B. the red food will make people feel hungry

C. we can make a good obent with the three colours

D. we should make and eat more obento

第二篇:

Dear readers, I was shocked to learn that some of you were tearing up the SSP. You were also taking this nice little newspaper and, scissors in hand, cutting it into pieces! Why would anyone do such a thing? Was it anger? Vandalism? The answer, as it turned out, was a delightful surprise: you were just being very good students.

Many of you are using the SSP to improve your English. You are cutting out headlines, stories and pictures and pasting them in your notebooks. I have seen some of your work and it is very creative. The headlines, pictures and stories are cut and pasted on the left side pages of your notebooks. In the spaces between the cuttings, you have added clever drawings and clever comments. The right side pages of the notebooks you have used as word banks to build up your vocabulary.

The SSP is designed to be used in your schoolwork. The stories are written with the objective of being interesting and informative but they are also intended to help you with your studies. So it’s a good idea to save the SSP after you read it. So keep cutting up the SSP. I think it’s a great idea!

See how some creative students save the SSP on Page 8!

閱讀短文,選擇正確答案。

1. From the first paragraph we know that _____.

A. The writer was shocked about tearing up the SSP.

B. You were also cutting these nice magazines into pieces!

C. The one who did such a thing was anger and Vandalism.

D. The one who did such a thing was very bad student.

2. The purpose of using the SSP is .

A. to shock the readers B. to improve our English

C. destroy the newspapers D. to spend the boring time

3. What does the word “pasting” mean in Chinese?

A. 撕開B. 剪輯C. 黏貼D. 組合

4. The writer thinks that savings the SSP is _______.

A. terrible B. worried C. great. D. bad

5. Which of the following is NOT true from the passage?

A. I have seen some of your creative work.

B. There are word banks on the right side pages of the notebooks.

C. The SSP is designed to be used in your housework.

D. How creative the students save the SSP!

>>>>>>答案解析<<<<<<

第一篇:

【語篇解讀】

“obento”是日本午餐便當,它的美味、健康且引人注目。它飯與菜市是分開的,一個主菜和兩個小菜。而且主要由三種顏色組合而成的,作為母親能為孩子做充滿愛的日式便當就太好了。孩子們都很喜歡它們。

【長難句注釋】

During obento making, you must learn to combine the food colours of red, yellow, and green. The red food will make people feel hungry, the yellow food is usually healthy, and the green food is full of vitamins. So if you can combine these colours well, you can make a good obento.

在日式便當時,你必須學會把紅、黃、綠三種顏色的食品組合在一起。紅色食物會讓人覺得餓,黃色的食物通常是健康的,綠色的食品是富含維他命。所以,如果你能很好地結合這些顏色的話,你能做出一個好的便當。

1. B 詞義猜測題 從短文第2段的第3個句子Thus the rice won’t pick up any other flavors. 可知。故選B。

2. B 細節理解題 從短文第2段的第4個句子Besides, there is the main dish and the two side dishes. 可知一個日式便當有一個主菜和兩個小菜。故選B。

3. C 細節理解題 從短文第3段的第1個句子During obento making, you must learn to combine the food colours of red, yellow, and green. 可知對做日式便當有利的三種顏色是紅黃綠。故選C。

4. A 推理判斷題 從短文第4段的第1個句子Nowadays the obento plays a great part in Japanese life. 可知日式便當現在在日本扮演著重要的角色。故選A。

5. D 主旨大意題 短文的主題和中心思想是告訴我們應該多做和多吃日式便當。故選D。

第二篇:

【語篇解讀】

我們的外教Larry驚訝地發現有一些讀者在“破壞”SSP的報紙,而且還樂此不疲!竟然他們還是非常優秀的學生。原因是他們中有許多正在使用SSP來提高英語水平。SSP的目的是用在你的學業上。這些故事除了趣味性和知識性,也旨在幫助你的學習。

【長難句注釋】

The SSP is designed to be used in your schoolwork. The stories are written with the objective of being interesting and informative but they are also intended to help you with your studies. So it’s a good idea to save the SSP after you read it.

SSP的'目的是用在你的學業上。這些故事都是帶有趣味性和知識性的目的而寫的,但他們也旨在幫助你的學習。所以在讀完SSP報紙之後再裁剪下來是一個好主意。

1. A 細節理解題 從短文第1段的第1個句子Dear readers, I was shocked to learn that some of you were tearing up the SSP. 可知作者對一些讀者在“破壞”SSP的報紙感到很震驚。故選A。

2. B 細節理解題 從短文第2段的第1個句子Many of you are using the SSP to improve your English. 可知使用SSP報紙的目的在於提高英語。故選B。

3. C 詞義猜測題 從短文第2段的第2個句子You are cutting out headlines, stories and pictures and pasting them in your notebooks. 可知你在把標題、故事和圖片剪出來並把它們黏貼在你的筆記本上。故選C。

4. C 觀點態度題 從短文第3段的第5個句子I think it’s a great idea! 可知作者認為保存SSP報紙是好主意。故選C。

5. C 推理判斷題 從短文第3段的第1個句子The SSP is designed to be used in your schoolwork. 可知SSP報紙不是被設計用在你的家務活上,而是在學業上。故選C。

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⑷ 初二英語閱讀理解及答案解析

初二英語閱讀理解及答案解析

初中英語閱讀理解題型主要有主旨題、細節題、推斷題、猜測詞義題及正誤判斷題。下面是我整理的初中英語閱讀理解題,希望能幫到大家!

電腦技術的優勢

We are already familiar with computers—computers work for us at home, in offices and in factories. But it is also true that many children today are using computers at schools before they can write. What does this mean for the future? Are these children lucky or not?

Many people who do not know about computers think of them as machines that children play with. They worry that children do not learn from experience but just from pressing a button and that this is not good for them. They think that children are growing not knowing about the real world.

But people who understand more about computers say that computers can be very good for children. A computer can help them to learn about the real world more quickly, to learn what they want to learn and think for themselves. And for the future, don’t we need people who can think clearly, who know how to get information quickly and use it well? What do you think?

1. “To be familiar with” means to ______.

A. know nothing B. know about C. dislike D. like

2. Does everyone think computers are good for children?

A. Yes, they do. B. No, not everyone thinks so.

C. They don’t know. D. They are not sure.

3. What can computers help children to do?

A. To think clearly, to do homework and to write.

B. To play games, to do math and to .

C. To think clearly, to get information and to use it well.

D. To count, to clean the house and to get information.

4. Does the writer think computer is a good thing?

A. It isn’t mentioned. B. No, he doesn’t think so.

C. He doesn’t know. D. Yes, he does.

參考答案與解析:

1. B 詞義猜測題。由破折號後的解釋“電腦在家裡、辦公室、工廠都為我們工作”當然我們就已經“了解”電腦了。

2. B 事實細節題。第2段是說不太了解電腦的人認為電腦對小孩不好,而第3段則說那些懂電腦的人認為電腦對小孩有益,因此,並不是每個人都認為電腦對小孩有益。

3. C 事實細節題。由最後一段,特別是倒數第2個問句可知。

4. D 推理判斷題。從最後一段可推斷出作者的觀點是“計算機是件好東西”。

發生在車站的小故事

John Smith was an old porter. He worked at the station. Every day he was busy carrying heavy things for the people. He was careful with his work. He was kind to everyone. He was always ready to help others.

One morning he stood in the station. He was waiting for the train. Just then he saw a man running towards the trains with a big bag in his hand.

“No train is starting. Why is he in such a hurry?” the old man thought to himself.

He went up to the man and asked, “May I help you?”

As soon as the man saw the porter, he stopped running.

“Can I catch the 10:35 train to London?” the man asked. He looked worried.

The old porter looked at him for a few seconds and said, “Well, sir. I’d like to help you, but I can’t answer your question because I don’t know how fast you can run.” Then he explained to the man, “The 10:35 train to London left five minutes ago. Can you run fast enough to catch it?”

1. What was John’s job?

2. Where do you think the man was going?

3. Why did the man run towards the trains and look worried?

4. What time was it when the man got to the station?

5. What do you think of John Smith?

參考答案與解析:

通讀全文, 故事講述的是車站搬運工John Smith有一天在火車站同一名旅客間的`一段對話,故事很幽默。

第一個問題是一個細節題,第1段清楚地說明了他的工作:John Smith was an old porter。porter的意思的“(車站、碼頭) 的搬運工人”,如果考生不認識這個詞,也可以由He worked at the station. Every day he was busy carrying heavy things for the people.這兩句話了解他的工作性質。因此第一個問題的回答:John’s job was to carry heavy things for the people at station. / He was a porter.

第二個問題是一個推理題,問題:這名旅客要去哪裡。由文中這句旅客的問話Can I catch the 10:35 train to London?很容易推斷出他要去倫敦。

第三個問題仍要求考生推理得出答案,問題:為什麼此人看上去很急的樣子朝火車趕去。很顯然是因為他在趕火車。對why提問要用because進行回答,第三個問題的回答是Because he wanted to catch the 10:35 train to London.

第四個問題是推理題, 問的是:這名旅客趕到火車站的時間。由下文John的回答The 10:35 train to London left five minutes ago可知火車已開走,這名旅客趕到的時間是大約10: 40,因此第四題的回答是It was about10:40 (twenty to eleven) 。

第五個問題是歸納題, 考查考生對文章大意的理解。這個問題的回答實際上就是全文的中心句, 在第一自然段里已做了介紹。He was careful with his work. He was kind to everyone and always ready to help others.

閱讀的樂趣

Reading for pleasure is the easiest way to become a better reader in English. It is also the most important way.

Some students say they don’t want to read for pleasure. They say they want to use their time to learn the rules of the language and new words. They say that pleasure read¬ing is too easy.

Many experts (專家) say pleasure reading is very important for learning English. Dr. Stephen Krashen, a famous expert on learning languages, says that pleasure reading helps you learn many important things about English. Students learn more grammar and more words when they read for pleasure. They also learn more about good writing.

Dr. Krashen tells us that pleasure reading helps each student in a different way. Each student needs to learn something different. Pleasure reading makes it possible for each student to learn what he or she needs.

Reading for pleasure is not the same as studying. When you read for pleasure, you choose your own books, and you don’t have to remember everything. There are no tests on your pleasure reading books. Pleasure reading will help you:

●learn how English speakers use English

●read faster in English

●find examples of good writing in English

●learn new words

●learn about the cultures (文化) of English speakers

1. Is pleasure reading important for learning English?

2. Which is the easier way to become a better reader, pleasure reading or studying?

3. What do some students think of pleasure reading?

4. How can we become better readers?

5. What’s the greatest advantage (優點) of pleasure reading?

參考答案與解析:

1. Yes, it is. 由文章的第1段第2句可知。

2. Pleasure reading. 根據最後一段的內容可知。

3. It’s too easy. / It’s not useful / helpful / important.根據第2段的內容回答。

4. Do pleasure reading.由第1段第1句可知。

5. We can learn what we need.由第4段可知。

;

⑸ 中考英語動態:學會如何猜測詞義 提升中考閱讀水平(一)

摘要: 英語閱讀中,我們常常會遇到一些不認識的短語或單詞春灶豎,又或者認識的單詞短語在文章中被賦予了新意義和解釋。當這些單詞短語並不阻礙理解文章的主要內容時,我們便可以忽略它;但如果這些詞彙短語影響了對文章的理解

初中英語期中考試復習

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  • 提升中考閱讀的十四法 | 新初三秋季學習規劃
  • 輕松記憶單詞的四種方法 | 趣味學初中語法
  • 中考重點句型錯誤分析 | 逐題型多技巧答好試卷
  • 英語閱讀中,我們常常會遇到一些不認識的短語或單詞,又或者認識的單詞短語在文章中被賦予了新意義和解釋。當這些單詞短語並不阻礙理解文章的主要內容時,我們通常便可以忽略它,但如果這些詞彙短語影響了對文章的理解,這就需要我們來根據上下文來猜測單詞或短語在文中的意思了。這種情況下,掌握猜詞的技巧則顯得尤為重要。猜測詞義可以辯備在一定程度上考查考生的邏輯推斷能力,也是閱讀能力的一個重要組成部分,頻繁出現在各種考試中。在英語閱讀中根據上下文猜測詞義,有助於鍛煉同學們分析問題、解決問題的能力,有助於擴大詞彙量。

    通常,猜測詞義可採用以下幾種方法:

    一、定義猜詞法

    即根據定義猜測詞義的方法。需要定義或解釋的單詞或短語大多是專有名詞、生僻詞或文中的關鍵詞,作扒大者為了使讀者正確理解它們,就得做出較淺顯的解釋或說明。


    例一: Giraffe is an animal with a very long neck, four legs and orange skin with dark spots.

    根據後面對 Giraffe 的解釋,它的詞義為“長頸鹿”。


    例二: Anthropology is the scientific study of man.

    由定義可知 Anthropology 的詞義為“研究人類的科學”即“人類學”。


    例三: What is plagiarism? It is using others’ ideas and words without clearly mentioning where the information is from.

    根據定義我們知道plagiarism的詞義為“剽竊”。


    二、定語從句

    定語從句對先行詞起限定、修飾或解釋作用,因此我們可以利用定語從句來推測先行詞的詞義。

    例一: Second generation Puerto Ricans who were born in New York but who have returned to the island, are called Nuvoricans.

    Nuvoricans 的詞義可以由Second generation Puerto Ricans後面的兩個定語從句來得到, 即生在紐約,後又回到波多黎各的人。


    例二: Psychophysiology is a science which deals with the relationship between mind and body.

    根據定語從句我們可以看出Psychophysiology的意思為“身心聯系的科學”,即“心理生理學”。


    三、同位短語或同位語從句

    同位關系的兩部分之間多用逗號連接,有時也用破折號、分號、引號和括弧連接。


    例一: According to a report published on the British medical magazine, The Lancet, a study of ten German mobile phone users found that when they turned on their phones, their blood pressure goes up by 5 to 10 millimeters of mercury.

    根據句法結構的知識,我們知道The Lancet是the British medical magazine的同位語,由此可知The Lancet是一個雜志的名稱。


    例二: Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.

    兩個逗號中間的短語the study of the meaning of words是Semantics的同位語,意為“對詞義進行研究的科學”, 即“語義學”。


    四、對比結構

    尋找文中相互對比、相互對照的線索來確定生詞的含義。

    在此類文章中,通常會出現一些表示意義轉折、對比的詞語:however, but, on the other hand, on the contrary, instead of, while, unlike, not, although, yet, despite, in spite of, in contrast, etc.


    例一: A good supervisor can recognize instantly the adept workers from the unskilled ones.

    根據句法結構可知the adept workers和 the unskilled ones.為對比關系,意義相反。由the unskilled ones可推出the adept workers為熟練工人。


    例二: Someone liked milk, but others abhorred it.

    通過but我們知道abhor是like的反義詞,意為“厭惡”。




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    ⑹ 初中英語閱讀理解技巧與方法

    一)初中英語教學大綱對學生閱讀上的基本要求:

    1. 能閱讀難度相當於課文的材料,理解其大意。

    2. 能獨立閱讀所學語言知識范圍內的材料,生詞率不超過3%。

    3. 閱讀速度要求每分鍾50-70詞。

    (二)中考閱讀理解的考點

    1.文章的話題—略讀文章,領會文章大意的題

    2.文章的中心題—歸納,概括的能力

    3.文章的細節—掃讀或細讀文章,以獲得某些特地信息或准確的尋找所需細節的能力。

    4.文章的寓意,結論-領會作者的言外之意或推斷出文章的結論

    5.生詞詞意,猜詞—對生詞詞意的判斷能力

    (三)中考閱讀理解考察的文體

    1.記敘文—抓住人物,地點,時間,情節發展線索。

    2.說明文—要以事物為中心進行思考。抓住事物的特徵,用途,相互關系等。

    (四)解題思路與技巧

    1.快速瀏覽全文,掌握大意。

    2.仔細審題,分析比較選項 。

    3.帶著問題復讀,捕捉關鍵信息,解答問題。

    4.再讀全文,核對答案。

    二.閱讀理解題型及解題技巧

    從近幾年的中考閱讀理解情況看,短文體裁多樣,題材各異,文章涉及科學知識、社會文化、政治歷史、人文環境和日常生活等方面,充分體現其時代性、實用性。短文難度逐年加大。常見題型有主旨題、細節題、推斷題、猜測詞義題和正誤判斷題。

    做閱讀理解練習應先看問題,弄清考點。在閱讀短文之前,快速瀏覽問題,以便在閱讀短文時做到心中有數,快速、准確地捕捉所要信息。先易後難。做題時不必拘泥於書中所呈現的語篇順序,應遵循先易後難的原則。如可先做細節題再做推斷題,因為細節題大多能直接從文中找到答案,而推斷題則需對短文進行深層理解,再作判斷。

    (一) 主旨題

    主旨題主要考查學生對短文中心思想或作者意圖的掌握。做此類題時,應通讀全文,理解文章大意,充分理解主題句的意義。短文往往圍繞主題句展開,主題句通常出現在短文第一句或最後一句。

    (二) 細節題

    細節題是用來進一步表達主題,體現中心思想的,往往針對短文某個細節來設題。做此類題時,應快速捕捉信息,可能是一些事例、數字等,閱讀時要有針對性。

    (三) 推斷題

    推斷題就是根據某個事實推斷結論,主要考查學生的理解力和推斷力。這類推斷通常包括:數據事實推斷、常識推斷以及作者的寫作目的、態度和傾向等的推斷。做此類題時,應根據短文中的相關語句,對與事實有關的細節加以分析,找出線索,悟出字里行間的意思,反復比較,從而作出合乎邏輯的判斷。

    (四) 猜測詞義題

    猜測詞義題主要考查學生根據上下文正確判斷靈活變化的詞義能力。一般情況下,推斷詞義的題目中所出現的單詞,大多數是學生未曾見過的生詞,學生需要在該詞出現的上下文中去尋找線索。通過閱讀上下文,斷定該詞的真正含義,然後將這個釋義代入文中,檢查是否貼切,仔細比較直到得出該詞的確切的含義。

    1.通過因果關系猜詞

    通過因果關系猜詞,首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關系,然後才能猜詞。有時文章藉助關聯詞(如because,as,since,for,so,thus,as a result,of course,therefore等等)表示前因後果。例如:

    You shouldn't have blamed him for that,for it wasn't his fault.通過for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的錯),可猜出blame的詞義是"責備"。

    2.通過同義詞和反義詞的關系猜詞

    通過同義詞猜詞,一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞片語,如happy and gay,即使我們不認識gay這個詞,也可以知道它是愉快的意思;二是看在進一步解釋的過程中使用的同義詞,如Man has known something about the planets Venus,Mars,and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均為生詞,但只要知道planets就可猜出這幾個詞都屬於"行星"這一義域。通過反義詞猜詞,一是看錶轉折關系的連詞或副詞,如but,while,however等;二是看與not搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語,如:He is so homely,not at all as handsome as his brother.根據not at all...handsome我們不難推測出homely的意思,即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。

    3.通過構詞法猜詞

    在閱讀文章時,我們總會遇上一些新詞彙,有時很難根據上下文來推斷其詞意,而它們對文章的理解又有著舉足輕重的作用,此時,如掌握了一些常用的詞根、前綴、後綴等語法知識,這些問題便不難解決了。

    4.通過定義或釋義關系來推測詞義

    例如:But sometimes,no rain falls for a long,long time. Then there is a dry period,or drought.

    從drought所在句子的上文我們得知很久不下雨,於是便有一段乾旱的時期,即drought,由此可見drought意思為"久旱","旱災"。而a dry period和drought是同義語。這種同義或釋義關系常由is,or,that is,in other words,be called或破折號等來表示。

    5.通過句法功能來推測詞義

    例如:Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生詞,我們可以從這兩個詞在句中所處的位置來判斷它們大致的意思。從句中不難看出pineapples,coconuts和bananas,oranges是同類關系,同屬fruit類,因此它們是兩樣水果,准確地說,是菠蘿和椰子。

    6.通過描述猜詞

    描述即作者為幫助讀者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而對該人或該物作出的外在相貌或內在特徵的描寫。例如:The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly,it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.從例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一種生活在南極的鳥類。後面更詳盡地描述了該鳥類的生活習性。

    (五)正誤判斷題

    正誤判斷題主要考查學生對文章的具體事實、信息的理解能力。一般是根據文章的事實或細節,給出一個句子,判斷其正誤。這類題比較直接,難度相對較小。做此類題時,應先看題,後帶著「問題」快速閱讀短文,尋找所需要的信息

    ⑺ 初中英語閱讀理解的解題小技巧

    初中英語閱讀理解的解題小技巧

    英語閱讀題最重要的還是要多練習,只有多練習,才能把握其中的技巧和語感,這樣答題的正確率才會不斷提高。下面我給大家介紹初中英語閱讀理解的解題小技巧,一起來學習吧!

    一、細節事實

    新課程標准有關閱讀最基本的要求是「能從一般性文章中獲取和處理主要信息」。對這種「獲取和處理主要信息」能力的考查,主要採用的方式就是細節判斷。

    這類題在閱讀理解題中占據半壁江山,做好這類題是確保基礎分的關鍵。同時,弄清細節,正確獲取信息,也是把握文章主旨的前提。因此,要特別重視做好這類題。

    1細節事實題題干常見的問句形式

    1)True or NOT true 是非判斷類型:

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? Which of the following statements is NOT true? Which of the following is NOT considered as……? According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the reasons for……?

    2)特殊疑問詞提問類型:

    How many……?What/who/when/where/how/why……?

    3)排序題類型:

    Which of the orders is correct according to the passage?

    4)例證題類型:

    The author gives the example in……paragraph in order to ……

    5)表唯一細節概念題類型:

    ……the most / ~est …………the only ……

    2細節事實題的解題方法

    做這類題的一般方法是先要找出題干或是選項中的關鍵字,一般為數字、大寫或人名地名,再快速確定該細節在文中的出處(信息源),仔細對照題干要求,排除或選擇。

    命題者在出這類題時慣用「偷梁換柱、張冠李戴」的手法來迷惑考生,即對原句細微處做改動,截取原文詞語或結構進行改造,因果倒置,把A的觀點說成B的觀點等。

    所以正確理解題乾和信息句的意義是關鍵。細節事實題還要十分注意句子的非主幹成分,如定語、狀語、補語等,這些成分都是出題者常進行誤導的落腳點。

    是非判斷一般都遵循對照選項進行「三對一錯或三錯一對」的判斷。若該信息句是長句或難句,要學會找出其主幹部分,分析句子結構,正確理解信息句的意義。一定要注意的是,要所答是所問,不要受到慣勢思維的影響,習慣性地去選擇正確的細節事實,切記要弄清問題,不要所答非所問。

    1)例證題一定要注意以for example……,such as……等關鍵入手處,找出細節出處。

    2)排序題要先仔細觀察選項,找出首尾相同的選項分組,進而通過具體細節信息比較進行排除和選擇。

    3)唯一細節題一定要仔細審題,弄清題干所需。特別需要提醒的是,選項中出現有有most (最高級)、the only(唯一)、all(所有)、none(全否)修飾的細節,都具有絕對性,選擇判斷時要慎選。

    二、主旨大意

    此類題型用以考查學生對文章主題或中心思想的領會和理解能力。其中一類題型為主旨問題。

    1主旨大意題題干常見的問句形式

    1)主旨句設問類型:

    What is the main idea of this passage?What does the passage maily talk about?We can conclude / learn from the passage that ……

    2)最佳標題選擇類型:

    The best title for this passage is ……

    3)作者主旨意圖類型:

    What does the writer want to tell us?Which can express the purpose of the writer according to the passage?

    2主旨大意題的解題方法

    主旨大意題一定要注意文章的首尾兩段。如果首尾兩段的主旨表達是一致的.,那麼文章的主旨便是兩段重復表明的語句內容表達。找出選項中與歸納的主旨表達重復最多的選項即為最佳答案。

    如果首尾兩段的主旨表達不一致,則需要觀察文章的段落篇幅量是傾向於首段或是尾段,從而確定主旨段落。

    在此過程中,觀察篇幅量只需跳讀文章段落的首句尾句即可,無需細讀段落內容,以節省時間。如果文章只有一段,則注意文章的首兩句及尾句,然後用以上的方法確定主旨句。

    此外,標題選擇即為主旨句的壓縮表達,注意抓住主旨句進行主要詞彙的提煉,把一個句子提煉為幾個關鍵詞,即是對主旨大意進行概括歸納的標題。而作者意圖表達必須通過歸納中心主題才能找到,通常體現為advise,convince,present,propose,warn等。

    三、推理判斷

    此類題的關鍵是要注意原文出現的語句不是我們做出的推理判斷,而是原文給出的細節信息,所以原文語句不能選。判斷時對已知的事實仔細評價後做出的合理決定並非唯一決定,要對事實進行合乎情理的判斷,有時還需藉助常識進行判斷。

    推理判斷題分兩種,即對細節的推理和對主旨的推理。主要以We can infer / imply / learn from this passage that ……等進行提問。

    解決此類題要注意,一是與原文相同的細節不能選,二是文中沒有出現的細節不能跳出文章做推斷。解題過程中只要注意上述兩點,再結合做細節和主旨的方法,即可以做出推理判斷題。

    四、詞義猜測題

    詞義猜測是利用上下文語境對某些生詞、難句做出推測和判斷。該題旨在考查學生根據上下文推斷詞彙的能力,因而,所考單詞的意義通常超出大綱范圍。

    常見形式有:

    1)The word / phrase…… means / refers to……

    2)From the passage,we can infer the word…… is closest in meaning to……

    3)What does the word…… in paragraph……mean?

    要做好此類題,要注意四點。

    第一,要熟練掌握大綱單詞,平時注意積累生詞和短語。

    第二,要把詞放到句子里,把句子放在句群里。

    第三,注意詞、句的位置,確定結構關系。

    第四,要善於利用連詞、代詞及詞性、同義詞法、反義詞法等進行判斷選擇。

    ;

    ⑻ 初中英語閱讀理解題及翻譯

    可以先自己做,再看答案.

    In Germany there are different kinds of high schools. Some prepare students for workers, others prepare them for college. All schools are great places for making friends and learning German.
    在德國,有各種不同的高中.一些學生准備的工人,其他人准備他們的大學.所有的學校都是廣交朋友的好地方,學習德語.
    Short days
    短短幾天
    Most high schools in Germany begin at about 8∶00 am. and end at about 3∶30 pm. This means your morning will be busy with classes. You will have time to do homework and take part in private(私人的) clubs after school.
    德國的大多數高中開始在約8∶上午00.到3∶下午30點.這意味著你的早晨將會忙著上課.你會有時間去做作業和參加私人俱樂部(私人的)放學後.
    Formal setting
    正式的場合
    In Germany, teachers and students』 relationship is more formal than you might be used to. Teachers are respected and students must use the formal「Sie(德語,您)」 when talking to teachers.
    在德國,教師和學生的關系比你可能會用更正式的.尊重教師和學生必須使用正式的「SIE(德語,您)」老師說話的時候.
    Getting to school
    去學校
    Most students take public transport to school or ride a bicycle. Some areas have school buses. It is not common for parents to drive students to school.
    大多數學生乘公交上學或騎自行車.一些地區的學校巴士.父母開車到學校的學生是不常見的.
    Private clubs
    私人俱樂部
    In many countries, schools offer official sports and after-school activities. This is less common in Germany. After-school activities are usually organized through private clubs. There are clubs for things like soccer, dance, choir, theatre and almost everything else. Once you are in Germany, ask around at school and talk to other students to find out what private clubs are in your area and meet your interests.
    在許多國家,學校提供的官方運動後-學校活動.這是不常見的德國.在-學校活動通常都是通過私人俱樂部組織.有像足球,俱樂部跳舞,唱詩班,劇院和幾乎所有其他.一旦你在德國,問問周圍的學校與其他同學交談了解私人俱樂部在您的區域,並滿足您的利益.
    Different states, different schools
    不同的國家,不同的學校
    Each of Germany』s 16 states has its own slightly different school systems. The school system in Brandenburg will be a little different from the system in Bavaria for example. Where you live, your knowledge level and your age will decide what school you can attend.
    每一個德國的16個州都有各自的略有不同的學校系統.在勃蘭登堡州的學校系統將從巴伐利亞的系統有些不同,例如.你生活在哪裡,你的知識水平和你的年齡將決定你上什麼學校,可以參加.
    ( )1. For high school students in Germany, which is NOT the common transport to school?
    1.在德國的高中學生,這不是學校的公共交通?
    A. School buses.校車 B. Parents』 cars.父母的車
    C. Public transport.公共交通 D. Students』 bicycles.
    學生自行車
    ( )2. In Paragraph 3,the underlined word 「respected」 can be best translated into
    ________.
    3段,下劃線的單詞「尊重」可以翻譯成
    A. 受人尊敬的 B. 令人害怕的
    C. 高收入的 D. 有權勢的
    ( )3. From the passage, we can learn that in Germany ________.
    3.從這篇文章中,我們可以得知,在德國________.
    A. all kinds of high schools are for college
    各類高中大學
    B. age is not important for attending schools年齡參加學校並不重要
    C. students can take part in after-school activities from 8∶00 am to 3∶30 pm.
    學生可以參加學校的活動後-從8∶00時至3∶下午30點
    D. students can join private clubs to meet their interests by themselves
    學生可以參加私人俱樂部自己來滿足他們的利益
    ( )4. What can be the best title for this article?
    4.有什麼可以為這篇文章最好的標題
    ?A. German Private Clubs德國的私人俱樂部
    B. German Public Transport
    德國公共交通
    C. German High Schools德國的學校
    D. German College Systems德國大學系統

    語篇解讀:本文介紹了德國的高中生活.
    1. B.細節理解題.第四段最後一句「It is not common for parents to drive students to school」可知.
    2. A.猜測詞義題.根據上下文意思:老師和學生的關系比你平常的更正式.以及下句「您」,故選A.
    3. D.概括歸納題.A、B和C在文中都是相反的句子.故選D.
    4. C.概括歸納題.本文介紹了德國的高中生活.故選C.

    ⑼ 初中英語閱讀理解技巧與方法

    我覺得就應該多練 多記一些單詞

    ⑽ 初中英語閱讀理解題型

    初中英語閱讀理解題型

    英語閱讀理解題是中考英語常見的題型之一,且佔比分較大,讓學生熟悉常見的題型,掌握正確的答題技巧及解題步驟,可收到"事半功倍"的效果。下面就由我來跟大家介紹一下初中英語閱讀理解常見題型及答題技巧吧!

    【初中英語閱讀理解題型及解題技巧】

    (一)主旨題

    主旨題主要考查學生對短文中心思想或作者意圖的掌握。做此類題時,應通讀全文,理解文章大意,充分理解主題句的意義。短文往往圍繞主題句展開,主題句通常出現在短文第一句或最後一句。

    (二)細節題

    細節題是用來進一步表達主題,體現中心思想的,往往針對短文某個細節來設題。做此類題時,應快速捕捉信息,可能是一些事例、數字等,閱讀時要有針對性。

    (三)推斷題

    推斷題就是根據某個事實推斷結論,主要考查學生的理解力和推斷力。這類推斷通常包括:數據事實推斷、常識推斷以及作者的寫作目的、態度和傾向等的推斷。做此類題時,應根據短文中的相關語句,對與事實有關的細節加以分析,找出線索,悟出字里行間的意思,反復比較,從而作出合乎邏輯的判斷。

    (四)猜測詞義題

    猜測詞義題主要考查學生根據上下文正確判斷靈活變化的詞義能力。一般情況下,推斷詞義的題目中所出現的單詞,大多數是學生未曾見過的生詞,學生需要在該詞出現的上下文中去尋找線索。通過閱讀上下文,斷定該詞的真正含義,然後將這個釋義代入文中,檢查是否貼切,仔細比較直到得出該詞的確切的含義。

    (五)正誤判斷題

    正誤判斷題主要考查學生對文章的具體事實、信息的理解能力。一般是根據文章的事實或細節,給出一個句子,判斷其正誤。這類題比較直接,難度相對較小。做此類題時,應先看題,後帶著“問題”快速閱讀短文,尋找所需要的信息。 初中英語閱讀理解題已成為評估學生英語水平的重要測試題型,在中考英語試卷中所佔比重較大。閱讀理解題主要是考查學生綜合運用所學語言知識的能力,包括細節理解能力、詞義判斷能力、歸納概括能力及邏輯推理能力等。大致來說,閱讀理解題主要針對如下方面:

    (1) 個別詞語或句子;(2)某一細節或情節;(3)主題;(4)背景知識;(5)結論或結局;(6) 內涵隱意或寓意等。下面本人就根據閱讀理解題的題型特點,來談一些答題技巧。

    一、直接理解題

    這種題目比較簡單,只要通讀全文,了解文中所敘述的重要事實或細節就可以解答出來,有的甚至可以從文章的原句中直接找到答案。此類題目的出題形式很多,例如:

    (1)Which of the following statements is true / false?

    (2)Which of the following is(not)mentioned?

    (3)How many / How much / Where / How / What„„?

    (4)What does the writer think about?

    (5)Which is the right order of the events given in thepassage?

    要快速辨認和記憶事實或細節,就需要恰當地使用查閱的方法。查閱是讀者在對材料有所了解的情況下進行的,它的特點是帶著問題去尋找答案,往往與略讀綜合使用,具體方法與步驟如下:

    (1)略讀材料,了解原文大意,掌握其中心意思或主旨。

    (2)按文章的體裁、作者寫作的組織模式及有關信息詞,如for example,first,second„„預測應該到何處尋找自己所需要的事實。

    (3)將自己的精力放在尋找所需要的細節上,快速通篇閱讀,眼睛自左至右、自下而上呈Z形掃視,待找到含有相關細節的句子時,就要放慢速度,仔細核對,比較內容,直至找到答案。

    二、語義理解題

    在閱讀中,我們經常會遇到一些生詞,需要根據上下文猜測它們的意思。此類問題考查學生緊扣原文,根據上下文語境判斷單詞、詞語或短句意義的能力。常見的題型有:直接對生詞進行解釋;對多義詞或短語在文章具體語言環境中的意義作出准確判斷;對英語中的一些格言或諺語進行解釋;對文中一些代詞的指代對象作出界定等。這種題型常見的設題方式如下:

    (1)The underlined word(phrase)in the passage means______.

    (2)The word“it/them”in the first paragraph refers to______.

    (3)The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means____.

    (4)What does the underlined word“„”refer to______.

    (5)By „ the writer means______.

    在做此類題時,考生應緊扣原文,根據上下文語境進行判斷,切不要望文生義或斷章取義,也不能只選擇自己熟悉的意思。猜測詞義的常見方法有:

    1)根據構詞法猜測詞義;

    (2)根據上下文猜測詞義;

    (3)根據定義或解釋猜測詞義;

    (4)根據同義詞、反義詞以及對比關系猜測詞義;

    (5)根據生活常識猜測詞義。

    三、邏輯推理題

    推理判斷試題屬於深層閱讀理解題。它要求考生盡量考慮文中全部信息或事實,在通篇理解文章的基礎上,嚴格按照作者提供的信息推斷出作者的言外之意。這種題型常見的設題方式有:

    (1)From the text,it can be inferred that______.

    (2)The passage suggests that______.

    (3)Which of the following best describes______.

    (4)The writer’s attitude towards„is______.

    (5)From the text,we learn that______.

    這種題目有一定難度,解答時必須根據上下文及相互間的關系或對整篇文章進行深層理解後,才能找到答案。有時甚至還得聯系作者的意圖、態度等文外之意加以推理。解此類題目可從以下幾方面入手:

    (1)根據常識判斷。即解題時,除弄清文意外,還需藉助生活常識、風土人情、傳說掌故、名人軼事等進行判斷。

    (2)根據知識判斷。即解題時,運用一些一般性知識,如天文、地理、文學、藝術、科技等自然科學和社會科學知識。

    (3)根據計算判斷。即解題時,運用一些數學知識進行和差、面積、體積、速度等方面的運算。

    (4)根據情節判斷。即解題時,從情節所提供的基本事實出發,尋找一定規律,如時間關系、條件關系、因果關系、比較關系、轉折關系等作為推理根據。這種題目最容易出現,考生要從時間、地點、事件的情節安排與發展中,深入探討其邏輯關系及隱喻、引申等因素。

    四、歸納總結題

    這種題型要求學生在理解全文的基礎上,對文章進行歸納、概括或評價。解這種題目時,不能只憑文中的只言片語而斷章取義,如涉及文章的標題(title)、主題(main idea)、結論(conclusion)、結局(end)等有關問題,都需要在細讀全文的基礎上,結合所學語言知識進行邏輯思維、推理、判斷,從而獲取文章中的內在信息。常見的設題方式有:

    (1)The general idea of the passage is about______.

    2)The main idea of the article is______.

    (3)The main purpose of this selection is______.

    4)The passage suggests that______.

    5)Which of the following best states the theme of thepassage?

    具體解題時,應注意一些技巧:

    (1)首先看短文的開頭和結尾,確定短文題材,預測其內容。每段的第一句話往往會提供重要信息,可以幫助我們搜索各段落乃至整篇文章的大意。

    (2)速讀全文,整體理解短文大意,抓住關鍵詞語,弄清文章的主旨。

    (3)根據已知短文內容,著手解題。可先將文後的選擇題看一下,然後帶著問題再去閱讀。這樣做,一方面有助於對文章進一步理解,另一方面可以有針對性地從文章中尋找答案。

    (4)迅速復讀全文,檢查自己的理解是否正確,所選答案是否前後矛盾。通過全面考慮,最後確定答案。

    一.教學大綱對閱讀理解的要求

    (一)初中英語教學大綱對學生閱讀上的基本要求:

    1.能閱讀難度相當於課文的材料,理解其大意。

    2.能獨立閱讀所學語言知識范圍內的材料,生詞率不超過3%。

    3.閱讀速度要求每分鍾50-70詞。

    (二)中考閱讀理解的考點

    1.文章的話題—略讀文章,領會文章大意的題。

    2.文章的中心題—歸納,概括的能力。

    3.文章的細節—掃讀或細讀文章,以獲得某些特地信息或准確的尋找所需細節的能力。

    4.文章的寓意,結論-領會作者的言外之意或推斷出文章的結論。

    5.生詞詞意,猜詞—對生詞詞意的判斷能力。

    (三)中考閱讀理解考察的文體

    1.記敘文—抓住人物,地點,時間,情節發展線索。

    2.說明文—要以事物為中心進行思考。抓住事物的特徵,用途,相互關系等。

    (四)解題思路與技巧

    1.快速瀏覽全文,掌握大意。

    2.仔細審題,分析比較選項 。

    3.帶著問題復讀,捕捉關鍵信息,解答問題。

    4.再讀全文,核對答案。

    二.閱讀理解題型及解題技巧

    從近幾年的中考閱讀理解情況看,短文體裁多樣,題材各異,文章涉及科學知識、社會文化、政治歷史、人文環境和日常生活等方面,

    充分體現其時代性、實用性。短文難度逐年加大。常見題型有主旨題、細節題、推斷題、猜測詞義題和正誤判斷題。

    做閱讀理解練習應先看問題,弄清考點。在閱讀短文之前,快速瀏覽問題,以便在閱讀短文時做到心中有數,快速、准確地捕捉所要信息。先易後難。做題時不必拘泥於書中所呈現的語篇順序,應遵循先易後難的原則。如可先做細節題再做推斷題,因為細節題大多能直接從文中找到答案,而推斷題則需對短文進行深層理解,再作判斷。

    (一)主旨題

    主旨題主要考查學生對短文中心思想或作者意圖的掌握。做此類題時,應通讀全文,理解文章大意,充分理解主題句的意義。短文往往圍繞主題句展開,主題句通常出現在短文第一句或最後一句。

    (二)細節題

    細節題是用來進一步表達主題,體現中心思想的,往往針對短文某個細節來設題。做此類題時,應快速捕捉信息,可能是一些事例、數字等,閱讀時要有針對性。

    (三)推斷題

    推斷題就是根據某個事實推斷結論,主要考查學生的理解力和推斷力。這類推斷通常包括:數據事實推斷、常識推斷以及作者的寫作目的、態度和傾向等的推斷。做此類題時,應根據短文中的.相關語句,對與事實有關的細節加以分析,找出線索,悟出字里行間的意思,反復比較,從而作出合乎邏輯的判斷。

    (四)猜測詞義題

    猜測詞義題主要考查學生根據上下文正確判斷靈活變化的詞義能力。一般情況下,推斷詞義的題目中所出現的單詞,大多數是學生未曾見過的生詞,學生需要在該詞出現的上下文中去尋找線索。通過閱讀上下文,斷定該詞的真正含義,然後將這個釋義代入文中,檢查是否貼切,仔細比較直到得出該詞的確切的含義。

    1.通過因果關系猜詞

    通過因果關系猜詞,首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關系,然後才能猜詞。有時文章藉助關聯詞(如because,as,since,for,so,thus,as a result,of course,therefore等等)表示前因後果。例如:

    You shouldn't have blamed him for that,for it wasn't his fault.通過for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的錯),可猜出blame的詞義是"責備"。

    2.通過同義詞和反義詞的關系猜詞

    通過同義詞猜詞,一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞片語,如happy and gay,即使我們不認識gay這個詞,也可以知道它是愉快的意思;二是看在進一步解釋的過程中使用的同義詞,如Man has known something about the planets Venus,Mars,and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均為生詞,但只要知道planets就可猜出這幾個詞都屬於"行星"這一義域。通過反義詞猜詞,一是看錶轉折關系的連詞或副詞,如but,while,however等;二是看與not搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語,如:He is so homely,not at all as handsome as his brother.根據not at all...handsome我們不難推測出homely的意思,即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。

    3.通過構詞法猜詞

    在閱讀文章時,我們總會遇上一些新詞彙,有時很難根據上下文來推斷其詞意,而它們對文章的理解又有著舉足輕重的作用,此時,如掌握了一些常用的詞根、前綴、後綴等語法知識,這些問題便不難解決了。

    4.通過定義或釋義關系來推測詞義

    例如:But sometimes,no rain falls for a long,long time. Then there is a dry period,or drought.

    從drought所在句子的上文我們得知很久不下雨,於是便有一段乾旱的時期,即drought,由此可見drought意思為"久旱","旱災"。而a dry period和drought是同義語。這種同義或釋義關系常由is,or,that is,in other words,be called或破折號等來表示。

    5.通過句法功能來推測詞義

    例如:Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生詞,我們可以從這兩個詞在句中所處的位置來判斷它們大致的意思。從句中不難看出pineapples,coconuts和bananas,oranges是同類關系,同屬fruit類,因此它們是兩樣水果,准確地說,是菠蘿和椰子。

    6.通過描述猜詞

    描述即作者為幫助讀者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而對該人或該物作出的外在相貌或內在特徵的描寫。例如:The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly,it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.從例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一種生活在南極的鳥類。後面更詳盡地描述了該鳥類的生活習性。

    (五)正誤判斷題

    正誤判斷題主要考查學生對文章的具體事實、信息的理解能力。一般是根據文章的事實或細節,給出一個句子,判斷其正誤。這類題比較直接,難度相對較小。做此類題時,應先看題,後帶著“問題”快速閱讀短文,尋找所需要的信息。

    ;
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