初中英語閱讀理解題庫及答案解析
A. 跪求成功英語閱讀翻譯（七年級上) past one u7到u22文章翻譯(在線等）2.23到2.24 肯定加分
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Section I Use of English
1.[答案] A
[解析]本題涉及詞義辨析。空格句表示「創建了……市場」之一，created語義恰當，為答案。initiated一般表示「開始實施，發起」之意，與plans，schemes，social reforms等連用。
2.[答案] C
[解析]本題涉及詞型相近的詞的詞義辨析。represent動詞，意為「代表，標志」，帶入後句意為：創建了一個新的電子的經濟指標（economic indices）市場，這些指標代表的是實質性的經濟風險。
3.[答案] A
[解析]本題為一般的詞彙題。帶入後上下文語義連貫的選項為A「先進的」。
4.[答案] B
[解析]本題實際為語法題，called帶入後意為「被稱為the Parimutuel Digital Call Auction的…」，與「developed by…」一樣為後置定語，共同修飾前面的「technology」一詞。
5.[答案] D
[解析]本題涉及介詞短語的用法。「in the sense of」意為「按照（就）…的意義來說」，帶入後句意是「它被稱為數字化的，是就其提供的了一個數字化的方法而言的」。
6.[答案] D
[解析]這是一道語法題。根據空格前後的遞進性的句意邏輯，合適的關系詞是only if（只有），帶入後與if語氣遞進。
7.[答案] B
[解析]這是一道詞彙題。由於前兩句都是在強調「range」（范圍），該題答案也是range才能保持句意的連貫。
8.[答案] C
[解析]本題涉及介詞的用法。與bet搭配的常為on，帶入後意為「在…下賭」。
9.[答案] A
[解析]本題涉及一般的詞彙知識。「virtually」副詞，意為「幾乎；確實」，帶入後符合句意，為答案。
10.[答案] B
[解析]本題涉及一般詞彙知識。「assess」意為「評估」，符合句意，為答案。
11.[答案] B
[解析]這是一道語法題。which帶入後引導非限制性定語從句，為正確答案。
12.[答案] B
[解析]本題涉及上下文的理解。由於下文主要討論家庭保險，所以本題答案為insurance，符合句意邏輯。
13.[答案] A
[解析]這是一道句法題。「what」引導賓語從句「what， for most people， is the single most…」，做介詞of的賓語。
14.[答案] C
[解析]這是一道詞彙題。C「組成部分」符合句意，為正確答案。
15.[答案] D
[解析]這是一道詞彙題。launched（使開始，推出）帶入後做後置定語，修飾前面的program，意為「…所推出的計劃」，應為最佳選項。released意為「公布，發行」，予以排除。
16.[答案] D
[解析]本題涉及動詞短語。根據句意，D. rely on（依靠）為正確答案。
17.[答案] A
[解析]本題考查詞彙知識。A. terms「（雙方提出的）條件，條款」，帶入後句意為「確定保險單中的具體條款（to define the terms of the policy）」，前後連貫，為正確答案。
18.[答案] B
[解析]這是一道語法題。being帶入後，時態上與空格前的now呼應，構成分詞結構，與前面的already begun並列為後置定語，共同修飾「Electronic futures markets」（電子期貨市場）。
19.[答案] C
[解析]本題涉及詞的引申用法，stand可以表達「處於某種狀態或情形」之意，帶入後意為「但它們卻是這樣一種技術的雛形…」。再例如：The house stood empty for months.故C為答案。其他三項意思均為「出現」，不符句意。
20.[答案] C
[解析]本題考查副詞詞彙知識。A.「以某種方式，不知怎麼回事」，不符句意，排除。B.「不管怎麼說」，不符句意，排除。C.「用別的方式，在其他方面」符合句意，為正確答案。D.「因此」，不符句意，排除。
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Text 1譯文
加州公眾企業雇員退休協會（加退協）挺身擔綱投資者權利的第一捍衛者，他們會定期挑出一些全國最大公司內的糟糕經營者，列入年度的公司控管核心名單。每當加退協吭聲時，帳下經營著1530億美元的華爾街都會側耳傾聽。但是，這個全國最大的退休基金會還從沒有像12月16日那樣逮住這么大的一條魚，它向美國紐約證券交易所及其屬下的七個會員公司發起挑戰，指控他們具有欺詐行為，宣稱交易所疏忽自己的監控職守，允許七個會員公司在損害投資者利益的情況下進行證券交易。
這次行動對紐約證券交易所的新任（臨時）主席John Reed來說，不蒂當頭一棒。這位前花旗銀行董事長兼CEO九月才加盟交易所，當時，長期擔綱交易所領導工作的Richard Grasso因報酬太高而引起公憤，被迫辭職。
因為沒能將投資者的代表選入新組選的董事會，也因為未能將交易所的監控職能與日常經營有效區分，Reed遭到加退協及其它機構投資者的廣泛批評。加退協的訴訟表明，廣大投資者的不滿情緒沒有消退。Harrigan說：「因為Reed不採取行動，我們的希望整個破滅了。」
訴訟指控說，七個專營會員公司濫用或過分使用交易策略並從中獲益。這些目前並非非法的策略包括「penny jumping」（專營公司在兩個交易單中間介入，搶得差價），「front running」（根據從交易單中獲得的機密情報，搶在顧客前面交易）和「freezing」（穩住公司的交易單簿，以便公司能用自己的戶頭第一個交易）。
訴訟中的許多指控依據的是前不久公開的，由證券交易委員會對交易所進行的調查結果。根據訴訟，10月份的證券交易委員會的報告發現，「交易所的監控、調查程序中存在嚴重不足，包括對專營公司的累次犯規視而不見」。
這次訴訟突出的反映了機構投資者對交易體系的失望，該體系既便不要取消，至少需要更新。加州公司監管員Steve Westley（作為加退協的董事，參加了12月16日的記者招待會），不斷呼籲紐約證券交易所停止使用專營公司來方便交易的做法，轉而採用公開匹配交易雙方的制度。視而不見？Westley說：「沒有理由不採用全部自動化的交易。世界上每筆交易都是這么做的。證券交易所該進入21世紀了，從而撥去公眾心目中的疑雲：有不少侵犯投資者權益的內部交易。」
21.「答案」D
「解析」這是一道詞義題。依據第一段可知答案應為D.
22.「答案」C
「解析」這是一道細節題。根據第三段第二句，確定答案為C.
23.「答案」B
「解析」這是一道是非判斷題。根據第四段前兩句，七家公司的手段目前並未違法，可見B項不對。
24.「答案」A
「解析」這是一道細節題，「Westley」將答案鎖定在文章末段。NYSE的問題，在Westley看來，出在過於依賴專營公司開展業務，故此答案為A.
25.「答案」A
「解析」這是一道主旨題。這是一篇新聞題文章，全文講述了加退協為了投資者的權益而將NYSE告上法庭，可見文章標題應為A（投資者權益的捍衛者）。D項Lawsuits加復數是不對的，予以排除。
Text 2譯文
多功能超級葯丸並不誇大其辭，而且減少高膽固醇、糖尿病及高血壓對心臟的潛在危害也能挽救不少生命，對醫葯公司而言也是有利可圖。用Pfizer公司的高血壓葯Norvasc和降低膽固醇的葯Lipitor組合而成的葯丸「具有巨大的潛力」，Shaojing Tong，一名來自Mehta Partners的分析師這么認為，他說，「一片葯丸具有雙重功能也極其方便」。
如果這種葯推廣開來，醫葯公司將獲得巨大受益。Pfizer公司的目標是盡可能多地將合格病人轉用這類組合葯。Norvasc的專利將在2007年過期，但公司可將它轉為超級葯丸的一部分，從而避免收入方面的損失。來自Cathay Financial的分析師Sena Lund說，Pfizer到2007年通過這種組合葯能賺到42億美元，從而補償Lipitor的銷售疲軟所帶來的損失，Lipitor的贏利到2007年將降到5億美元，而去年是8億美元。
Pfizer認為，用一顆葯丸治療兩個不同但卻嚴重的心血管疾病是有益的。Pfizer雙葯治療中心主任Craig Hopkinson指出，美國患有高血壓和高膽固醇的病人有2700萬，其中只有2％的人得到了充分的治療。服一片葯治兩種病能使更多的病人得到適當的治療，並有助於病人得到理想的救治。
Pfizer認為，醫生們也會樂於接受組合葯，因為它由兩種很成熟的葯品構成，醫生們對它們很熟悉。但是，斯坦福大學醫療中心心臟科咨詢部主任Dr. Stanley Rockson認為，固定劑量的組合葯丸對醫生們而言，是「一個有趣的十字路口」，醫生們接受的訓練往往要求他們「細心對待每個個別病例」。組合用葯對他們的針對不同個體採用不同療法是個挑戰。但他也說，病人能更好的接受該葯促使醫生們去接受嘗試這種葯丸。
有些醫生會持懷疑態度。波士頓大學醫學院的葯理學教授Dr. Irene Gavris則擔心說，「如果你想改變組合葯中一種葯的劑量，你可難辦了」。她說，她很願意給那些「已用葯有過一段時間的病人」使用這種組合葯，他們不太可能需要改變劑量。
通常，經濟決定天平的傾向。Gavris說，正在服用Lipitor和Norvasc的病人由於轉用該葯「能將他們的醫保費用減少一半」。這很重要。例如，控制高血壓可能需要三種或三種以上的葯物，病人的經濟負擔急劇增加，如果病人也想獲益——正如Pfizer和其他醫葯公司所宣稱的那樣——轉用超級葯丸對大家都有好處。
26.「答案」B
「解析」這是一道細節題。依據原文第二段可知，Pfizer可以通過使用組合葯來避免因為Norvasc專利到期可能引起的損失。所以答案為B.
27.「答案」B
「解析」這是一道是非判斷題。文章第三段講述了超級葯丸的種種好處，但並沒有說可以恢復病人失去的身體功能，所以B應是答案。
28.「答案」C
「解析」本題涉及段落的寫作意圖。第三段講述了病人對超級葯丸的接受態度，第四段主要講述醫生們可能的接受態度，所以答案為C.A項不對，因為本段內部並沒有進行對比。
29.「答案」D
「解析」這是一道涉及全文的推論題。文章探討了醫葯公司、病人、醫生等方面對超級葯丸的反應態度，可以推論，用葯的轉變是由許多因素來決定的，故答案為D.
30.「答案」A
「解析」這是一道態度題，問作者對超級葯丸所持的態度。根據文章開頭兩句及其整個文章的議論，不難看出作者對這種葯的態度還是贊同性的，故答案為A.選項C意為「（勉強地）容忍接受」，不太吻合文章作者的語氣，排除。
Text 3譯文
五年前的寒假，Donna and Phil Satow的就讀於亞利桑納大學的20歲的兒子自縊身亡，從那以後，夫妻倆就一直想知道自己忽略了什麼跡象，也向兒子的同學打聽。
深刻的思索讓人注意到了Ulifeline （www.ulifeline.org），大學生們可在學校登錄該網址咨詢問題。120多所高校使用該網址，並增添了些學校信息，130多萬大學生用學生證在該網站注冊。
「這是一個很不錯的網站，它能提高對自殺的警惕，減少對精神疾病的歧視，鼓勵人們尋求幫助，」Paul Grayson這么認為，他是紐約大學的咨詢服務部主任，一年前開始使用該網站的服務。
該網站的主要部件是Self-E-Valuator，這是杜克大學醫療中心開發的一種自測軟體，幫助學生判斷自己是否有抑鬱、自殺、厭食或葯物依賴這類危險。除了幫助學生，網站還匯編了大量學生的匿名數據，以便學校了解校園內的健康狀況。
網站還給學生用戶提供當地醫療服務鏈接，一份處方葯及其負效應的目錄，以及「詢問艾麗絲」的接入，後者是哥倫比亞大學開發的一個巨大的檔案庫，含有數百個對世界各地大學生匿名咨詢的答復。對那些為朋友擔心的學生而言，網站還有一個部分專門介紹自殺和抑鬱的種種徵兆。
然而很難評估這種服務的有效性，匿名在線服務甚至會起到消極作用。位於華盛頓的美國自殺學研究協會執行主任Dr. Lanny Berman就說，「這種網站咨詢不能代替互動的當面咨詢。」
Ulifeline首先會承認，網站咨詢不能取代真正的理療師。Ron Gibori，Ulifeline的執行主任就說，「我們的目的是幫助學生發現抑鬱跡象，然後指導他們去合適的地方治療。」
Mrs. Satow仍然關注著該網站，她稱之為「知識庫」，它本可以阻止她兒子Jed自殺的。她說，「如果Jed的同學知道抑鬱的徵兆，他們本可以發現Jed的問題的。」
31.「答案」D
「解析」這是一道寫作意圖題。第一段說道Satow一家的事情是為了引入文章的討論主題Ulifeline，所以答案為D.
32.「答案」C
「解析」這是一道細節題。依據文章2、3兩段，大學使用該網站的目的是鼓勵學生上網咨詢自己的精神抑鬱等問題，所以答案為C.
33.「答案」B
「解析」這是一道細節題。依據第五段可知，Go Ask Alice是一個給學生提供健康咨詢的問答庫，所以答案為B.
34.「答案」A
「解析」這是一道句意題。依據文章最後兩段的意思可知，網站固然可以提供咨詢，但真正充分的治療還得需要理療師。A項為此意，是正確選項。
35.「答案」C
「解析」這是一道推論題。根據末段的意思可以推測，Mrs. Satow一定非常認可該網站，所以答案為C.
Text 4譯文
「科學」和「技術」的意義，從一代到下一代都會發生深刻的變化，然而這兩個術語之間的相似之處遠遠多於其不同之處。兩者都含有思維特徵，兩者都涉及物質世界的因果關系，兩者皆用實驗性的研究方法，由此而得出的經驗性結果都可重復驗證。科學，至少在理論上，不太在乎結果的實用性，它更在乎普遍法則的創立，但實際上，科學和技術是密不可分的。兩者之間不同程度的相互影響可見於各種行業的歷史發展過程，諸如：化學、工程、物理、天文、土木、制陶以及其它行業。科學家和技術人員的研究活動的差異與下列因素有關：不同的教育要求、社會地位、方法、術語、獎勵方式、機構目標及職業目標，但縱觀歷史，許多「純」科學家既有理論建樹也有實用創新。
的確，科學是技術創新的理論基礎，以及純理論研究對工業文明的發展是不可或缺的這兩種說法都是錯誤的。大多數工業進步都與實驗室研究無關，機械、化工、天文、冶金、水利領域的基本工具及流程早在相關理論法則發現之前就已存在。例如，早在熱動力學解釋了蒸汽的原理之前，蒸汽發動機業已廣泛存在。
最近幾年，科學和技術之間的價值分歧越來越尖銳。科學進步的反對者是一直存在的，然而，現在有很多人對技術的恐懼甚於對科學的擔心。他們覺得，科學可視為是對永恆的自然法則的和平、客觀的探究，但現代社會中，技術的實際應用似乎有點失控。
許多科學史家們認為，技術是發達的工業文明的必然條件，他們也認為，過去幾百年的技術發展也已積累了可觀的動量。技術創新的速度以幾何級別在增長，遠遠超出了地理和政治的限定。這些技術創新改變了傳統的文化體制，往往帶來難以預料的社會後果。所以，技術既具有進步性也具有毀滅性。
36.「答案」C
「解析」這是一道細節題。依據原文第3句可知，科學和技術之間的相似之一便是研究方法的實驗性。因此答案為C.B項中casual不等於原文中的causal，排除。
37.「答案」B
「解析」這是一道是非判斷題。依據第2段首句，作者認為「科學是技術創新的理論基礎，以及純理論研究對工業文明的發展是不可或缺的這兩種說法都是錯誤的」，可見作者不贊同的是B項的說法，故B為答案。
38.「答案」A
「解析」這是一道例證題。第2段末句中，作者提到蒸汽發動機是為了反駁「理論研究對工業文明的發展是不可或缺的」這一觀點，故答案為A，A中「feed off」意為「靠…生存」。
39.「答案」D
「解析」這是一道句意題。引號句的意思在末段得到了充分的說明，「技術創新改變了傳統的文化體制，往往帶來難以預料的社會後果。所以，技術既具有進步性也具有毀滅性」，這就是所謂的「失去控制」，可見答案為D.
40.「答案」D
「解析」這是一道詢問歷史學家態度的態度題。末段中，歷史學家們對技術的發展態度具有肯定和否定的兩面，所以答案為D.「有保留地認可」。
Part B
「總體分析」
本篇介紹的是美國人對選舉的興趣日漸減少，並分析了相關的幾個原因。第一段揭示事情本身，後幾段分析原因。就本篇而言，對文章前後結構層次的把握非常重要。
41
本題考察段落內部的邏輯聯系，空格的下文說「But it『s time to stop blaming the citizens」，可見上文必然說到有人指責普通公民們不熱衷於美國的政治選舉。故答案為E.
42.B
本題考察考生對文章的總體結構的把握能力。既然第二段末句說「Candidates， public officials， and journalists are not giving Americans the type of campaign they deserve」，而且第三段又說到了officials，下文又將說到journalists，可以斷定，本段應說「candidates」，即「leadership」，故B項為答案。
43.D
本題考察段落內部的邏輯理解，注意相應的詞彙表達。既然空格前講的是journalists對政治家的正面言論不感興趣，棄置編輯室地板，而攻擊性的言論卻被直播（Attack sound bites get airtime； positive statements land on the cutting-room floor），那麼可以推論，D項是最符合邏輯的展開內容，用詞也密切相關（get more time on the network newscasts）。
44.G
本題涉及段落內部邏輯的把握。既然上文說「we interviewed 100，000 Americans to discover why they『re disengaging from elections」，那麼答案為G，也就很符合邏輯了。
45.F
本題同樣涉及段內邏輯，既然上文說「Officials unfailingly urge citizens to do your ty and vote. Yet， these officials embrace policies that make it harder to do that」（官員們催使公民行使職責，參加選舉，但另一方面又制定政策，使公民們很難參加投票選舉），那麼符合邏輯的答案必定是F項了。
Part C
46.「結構分析」這是一個簡單句，結構不復雜。
「疑難詞彙」詞彙「disproportionately」的翻譯不必拘泥原文，可靈活翻譯為「激…」；另，「without shrinking…」部分的理解要結合上文准確翻譯。
「參考譯文」技術的發展和金融的自由化使得極端富裕的家庭數量激增，卻沒能相應地減少貧困家庭的數量。
47.「結構分析」冒號前後為並列結構。後半部分有兩個「faster than…」的並列的比較狀語從句。
「疑難詞彙」冒號前的兩個「cause」翻譯要靈活處理。
「參考譯文」正是這些根本原因衍生出嚴重後果，從而造成更糟的結果：富裕國家出口的工業產品及服務的價格增長速度遠遠快於貧窮國家出口的商品及服務的價格，比沒有多少國際貿易的貧窮國家所生產的商品和服務的價格增長速度就更快了。
48.「結構分析」「to whom」引導的整個是定語從句，修飾前面的「young men」；定語從句中兩個「to threaten…」並列，做「means」的補足語。
「疑難詞彙」「means」意為「手段」。
「參考譯文」結果導致許多年輕人失業憤懣，而新的信息技術則給了他們威脅社會穩定的手段，甚至可以威脅富裕國家的社會穩定。
49.「結構分析」「Why」引導的是主句，「if」引導的是從句。
「疑難詞彙」主句中「subscribed to」意為「同意，贊同」；從句中「if a case can be made that…」可意譯為「如果說…」，其中「case」意為「情況」：「gains」意譯為「成果」。
「參考譯文」如果說商品和資本市場自由化的成果往往集聚到發展中國家的高端收入階層的手中，那發展中國家的精英階層為何又贊同西方國家、企業及多邊組織所宣揚的全球化議程呢？
50.「結構分析」分號前後為並列結構。
「疑難詞彙」「fixed」根據上下文可譯為「解決，改變」：「asset」為大綱詞彙「資產」。
「參考譯文」但是，他們沒有注意到世界收入分配的差距與貧困之間的聯系；他們以為，給窮人福利和機會而不必改變收入及資產分配結構，就可以解決貧困問題。
Section III Writing
寫作分析
寫作A是一篇邀請函，考生注意審讀規定的情景和相應提綱，挖掘寫作內容，做好字數方面的布局，然後按相應提綱逐項展開。寫作時，要注意不同的寫作對象和內容，注意語體措辭的得體性。
寫作B是一篇圖畫作文，考生要審讀標題提綱，看懂圖畫，確定文章的主題。然後再設定三段的寫作內容。考生們寫完自己的作文後，可參看並分析下面的範文，如，它是怎樣展開三段的內容的，又用了那些句式和詞彙去表達內容，從中汲取寫作的營養。
參考範文
Part A
Dear Dr. King,
The Department of Computer Science of Beijing University would like to extend to you an invitation to be our guest speaker at the annual conference to be held at the speech hall of our department at nine o'clock, Saturday morning, November 11th, 2004.
As you know, the department is interested in the future development of the computer science. Since you are very familiar with the field, we know your views will be extremely interesting to us all.
You will receive further details later, but we would appreciate having your acceptance soon so we may complete our agenda.
Cordially,
Li Ming
Part B
China is now witnessing a new surge of interest in going to all sorts of night schools or training classes. As is shown in the pictures, lots of people are flocking to English classes while others are rushing to attend lectures on WTO. They all look happy and eager to go to the classes even after a whole day's work.
This enthusiasm for new knowledge can be attributed to the obvious reason that the government's policy of Open-up to the World and particularly China's access to WTO. These have given a fresh impetus to China's trade and exchange with foreign countries. China's trade volume with the world has, reportedly, reached an unprecedented $500 billion and cultural exchanges with other countries are being carried on an increasingly larger scale. The new situation requires that people have to learn more about WTO rules and of course they must also acquire a solid knowledge of English. Otherwise, they may find it difficult to trade or exchange with foreign countries efficiently. They may lose the competition in the process of globalization.
Undoubtedly, China's open policy and the globalization of the world are both irreversible and more and more Chinese will find it necessary to acquire new knowledge and skills. Therefore, more and more people will be going to various training classes or lectures in the years to come.
找找不易，如有用，望採納
B. 初中英語閱讀理解及答案解析
賣雨傘的老人
Yesterday evening, when I went to town with my mother, we met a strange old man. It was raining hard and we had no umbrella(傘). We were trying to get into a taxi when he came up to us. He was carrying a nice umbrella and he said that he would give it to us for only a pound. He had forgotten his wallet, he said, needed taxi-fare(出租汽車費) to go back home. My mother didn’t believe what he had said at first, and asked him a lot of questions. But the old man didn’t get into a taxi. We followed(跟隨) him and found he went into a pub(小酒店) and bought himself a glass of whiskey (威士忌) with the pound. After he drank it, he put on his hat and took up one of the many wet umbrellas there and went off with the new one. Soon after that, he sold it again.
1. The old man sold an umbrella to the writer and her mother.
2. He gave it to them for only a pound because he had forgotten his wallet and needed taxi fare to go back home.
3. The umbrella was worth more than one pound.
4. The old man sold his own umbrella.
5. He was an honest man.
參考答案與解析：
1. A 推理判斷題。雖然文中不可直接找到答案，但由後文的bought himself a glass of whiskey (威士忌) with the pound.中pound前用的是the(那) 和he sold it again中的again(又)可推斷出，作者和他母親買了那個老人的傘。
2. B 事實細節題。由文中所述這個老人收錢後並沒乘taxi回家，而是去pub喝酒可知。
3. A 推理判斷題。他要將傘賣給作者時說for only a pound中的only可以推斷，那把傘不只值1英鎊。
4. B推理判斷題。這個老頭先賣給了作者一把傘，可是他喝酒後又took up one of the many wet umbrellas there，並將其很快賣掉，由此推斷賣的並不是他自己的傘，而是別人的傘。
5. B推理判斷題。這個老人原來說賣傘乘taxi回家，事實上是上pub喝酒，後來又拿別的'雨傘去賣掉，由此可推斷他是不誠實的
為兒童制定法律的益處
In general，laws for children are a good thing.
One hundred years ago in instrial countries, children worked 18 hours a day in a factory at age seven. The factory owner could beat a child who fell asleep or was not fast enough. Both parents and teachers could do the same.
Today, there are many laws about children all over the world. Some people think children must obey rules or they should be punished，others do not agree. The Inuits or Eskimos in Alaska almost never punish their children. The parents don’t hit them. If the children go too far，the parents punish them by making fun of them.
Children in other parts of the world are not as lucky as Eskimo children. American parents can spank(打……臀部) their children at home，but a teacher cannot hit a child in a public school. This is also true in Germany. In contrast(對比), it is against the law for anyone to hit a child in Sweden. Swedish parents cannot spank their children. The children also have a special government official who works for their rights. There is even a plan for children to divorce from their parents though this is not a law yet!
根據短文內容回答下列各問題。
16. How were children treated in instrial countries 100years ago?
________________________________________.
17. What does the author mean by “go too far?”
________________________________________.
18. Can a teacher in Germany hit his students in public school?
________________________________________.
19. What kind of people can beat children in Sweden?
__________________________________________.
20. What does it mean by “a plan for children to divorce from their parents?”
_________________________________________.
參考答案與解析：
【文章大意】通常而言，為兒童制定法律是件好事。100多年前，在工業國家，7歲大的孩子在工廠一天要工作18小時，工廠的老闆可以打小孩，家長和老師們也可以這樣做。今天世界上有很多保護兒童的法律。有些人認為兒童應該遵紀守法，否則就要受到懲罰。其他人則不同，愛斯基摩人從不懲罰兒童。如果孩子們做得太過份了，父母親用開玩笑的方式來懲罰他們。在其他地方則不同，美國的家長可以在家打孩子的屁股，但老師不能在學校打學生。德國跟美國一樣。但在瑞士任何人都不能打孩子，並有專門的政府部門來維護孩子們的權利。
16. They were treated very badly.
17. Do something too much.
18. No, he can’t.
19. None can do that.
20. A plan for ending the children’s relationship with their parents.
怎麼交朋友
Its hard to make friends if you stay at home alone all the time. Get out of the house and do things that will put you in touch with(接觸) other people. It's easier to make friends when you have similar interests.
Don't be afraid to show people what youre really good at. Talk about the things you like and do best. People will be interested in you if there is something interesting about you.
Look at people in the eye when you talk to them. That way, they'll find it easier to talk to you, or people may think you're not interested in them and may stop being interested in you.
Be a good listener. Let people talk about themselves before talking about “me, me, me”. Ask lots of questions. Show an interest in their answers.
Try to make friends with the kind of people you really like, respect (尊敬), and admire (羨慕)—not just with those who are easy to meet. Be friendly with a lot of people. That way, you'll have a bigger group of people to choose from and have more chances for making friends.
1. How can we have more friends, get in touch with other people or stay at home?
2. When Jim talks to people, he always looks right, left, or at the floor. Do you think it's right? Why or why not?
3. Cindy always talks about herself when she talks to other people. What advice (it'80 do you think she needs to follow?
4. What should you do if you want to have more chances for making friends?
5. What's the main idea of the passage?
參考答案與解析：
1. Get in touch with other people.回答選擇問句不能用Yes或No來回答，而是從選項中選擇一項進行回答。本題答案由第1段前兩句可知。
2. No. / I don't think so. Because people may think he's not interested in them. / Because he should look at people in the eye. / Because it's impolite / not polite 可在第3段找到答案。
3. Be a good listener. / Let people talk about themselves before talking about “her, her, her.” / Listen to other people first 可根據第4段的內容來回答。
4. Be friendly with other (a lot of) people. / Try to make friends with the kind of people you really like, respect and admire—not just with those who are easy to meet. / Get out to meet other people.
5. How to make friends / To make friends / Make friends. / Making friends根據首尾段即可概括出
C. 初中英語語法之名詞用法和解析
初中英語語法之名詞用法和解析
名詞意義及用法
ble, ice, ck, flag... 這些簡單的英語單詞，它們的名詞意義就算對初學英語者來說也一定是小菜一碟，但老外經常把它們當做動詞用，它們的動詞意義和用法你知道嗎？
1. table：名詞，桌子；當動詞用，是指開會時延期討論提案等，也就是暫緩審議。（to postpone discussion of a bill or suggestion until future time); 例如：
They tabled the motion at the meeting.
I made the motion and he seconded it.（我提案，他同意。) (second 這里是動詞，意思是贊成；to second the motion 也就是附議）
We are tabling this matter until further notice.（我們延期討論這件事，以後再說。）
2. pride：名詞，榮譽；當動詞用，是洞胡指感到得意或自豪。（to take pride in something）例如：
We prided ourselves on our good work. (我們為自己工作的表現而自豪。)
I have long prided myself on being a good teacher. (我一向以身為一名稱職的老師?而自豪。)
注意：to pride oneself on和 to be proud of 或 to take pride in 意思相近，只是用法和後面所跟的介詞不同而已。例如：
They take great pride in her daughter who is now a famous scientist.
I am very proud of being a Chinese.
3. carpet：名詞搜啟，地毯；當動詞用，是覆蓋的意思 。(to cover something) 例如：
The flower girls carpeted the floor with rose petals before the bride's entrance. (新娘進來前，花童將玫瑰花瓣撒滿了地板。)
During the winter time my roof is carpeted with white snow. (冬天時我家的屋頂蓋滿了白雪。)
4. floor：名詞，地板；當動詞用，是踩足汽車的油門，加速開車或使人驚訝。 (to press accelerator of a car to the floor in order to speed up; or to astonish someone) 例如：
As soon as I saw his gun, I floored my car. (我一見到他有槍，立即踩足油門加速開車。)
When you see a police car, don't floor it. (當你看到警車時，?開快車。)
The news really floored me; I hadn't been expecting it at all. （這個消息真使我吃驚地不知所措，世顫如這完全出乎我地意料。）
5. top：名詞，頂端；做動詞用，是做得更好，或高過某人。 (to do something better or to be taller than someone) 例如：
If he had tried harder, he could have topped his class. (假如他以前用功些，他會在班裡（成績）名列前茅的。)
The tax-cut issue will top today's agenda. (減稅問題將是今天的主要議題。)
Mr. Lin tops me by three inches. (林先生比我高三?)
6. flag：名詞，旗幟；當動詞用，是指打旗號或做手勢來傳達訊息。 (to give signal for communication) 例如：
When my car broke down, I flagged a police car. (當我的汽車拋錨的時候，我打了個信號招來一輛警車。)
The beach life-guards usually flag one another for communication. (海濱救生員通常用旗號傳達訊息。)
7. bridge：名詞，橋梁、橋牌；當動詞用，是連接或溝通的意思。(to connect) 例如：
The parents are trying to bridge the generation gap with their children. (父母都在設法彌合與兒女的代溝。)
These tax reforms are attempt to bridge the gap between the rich and poor. （這些稅收改革旨在彌合貧富之間的差距。）
8. club：名詞，俱樂部、高爾夫球棒；當動詞用，意思是用棍棒打人。(to beat someone with a stick) 例如：
The security officer should not club any suspect who does not resist arrest. (保安人員對任何沒有拒捕的嫌犯都不該用棍棒毆打。)
I saw the police clubbing a suspected robber. (我看到警察用棍棒打了那個搶劫嫌疑犯。)
初中英語閱讀技巧
根據教育部制定的英語課程標准，初中畢業生應達到五級綜合語言運用能力。閱讀理解是綜合語言運用能力的一個重要方面，在中考中所佔比重越來越大，這是拉開檔次的題目。
閱讀理解五級的目標部分描述如下：
1、能根據上下文和構詞法推斷、理解生詞的含義；
2、能理解段落中各句子之間的邏輯關系；
3、能找出文章中的主題，理解故事的情節，預測故事情節的發展和可能的結局；
4、能讀懂常見體裁的閱讀材料；
5、能根據不同的閱讀目的運用簡單的閱讀策略獲取信息；
6、除教材外，課外閱讀量應累計達到15萬詞以上（上海的要求更高一些，30萬詞以上）所謂閱讀能力是
指視讀能力、理解能力和對所讀材料的評價能力。
閱讀理解考查的項目大多是根據這三種能力的要求設計的。為了提高閱讀理解能力，同學們在做閱讀理解時，就要在以下幾個方面下功夫：
（一）要注意養成良好的閱讀心理閱讀時要去掉雜念，心緒要安定，精神要專一，要形成一種愜意的順向心理。造成大腦皮層的優勢興奮中心。切不可一遇到幾個生詞難句，就心煩意亂，失去自控能力。心理學家告訴我們，任何恐慌，過分緊張的情緒都會形成一種消極因素妨礙大腦的正常思維功能。因此，遇到困難一定要從容不迫，心無旁騖。這樣才能對所讀的文章印象清晰，理解深刻。
（二）要提高視讀的速度考閱讀理解，從另一個方面來說，考的是考試速度。2002年上海英語中考閱讀理解文章每篇均達到400詞左右。慢讀是不行的。因此做閱讀理解時，要注意培養自己快速閱讀的習慣。閱讀時眼球總是不斷地移動停頓移動著。理解是在眼停的瞬間進行的。我們要使眼停的時間相對增加，就要擴大視讀的廣度，把逐詞逐句的點式閱讀變成一次掃描一句的線式閱讀，並且把看到的東西迅速報告給大腦，形成眼腦較快的直映能力。切不可在個別難懂的詞句上磨蹭，只要全篇理解了，個別難懂的詞句可以根據上下文和構詞法去猜測，去推斷。
（三）閱讀時要注意培養語感所謂語感是指人們對語言中詞語搭配及句型結構的熟練程度。語感好的人，理解力就強，視讀的速度就快。閱讀時要留心詞語的搭配，即慣用法。必要時可用筆劃一劃或記下來。讀完每一篇文章，都應總結歸納一下，積累了多少單詞，慣用法和句型，這樣語感自然就會好起來。
（四）讀完一篇文章後，要回味一番對文章的段落結構，中心思想，人物事件，論點論據要做到心中有數。對不清楚的地方可以再看幾次。要留心關鍵詞句，注意弦外之音。對文章的評價分析，一定要堅持詞不離句，句不離篇，要理解文章作者的`原意，而不能按你自己的意願去想當然。切記：一想當然，就會出錯。
如果文章太長，你可以先把文章後面的問題看一遍，帶著問題去看文章。這樣可以幫助你去掉雜念，提高閱讀速度和解題的正確性。要善於找關鍵句，特別要注意文章的第一段和最後一段的頭一句話，往往就是關鍵句，可以幫助你掌握文章的全貌，理解文章的主題。此外，還應該細讀文章，因為有時的試題是考細節。可以邊讀邊用鉛筆做點標記，把有關的人物，事件，時間，地點，原因（即五個W，who，what，when，where，why）劃出來。凡逢人物就圈起來，看完一數，有幾個圈就是幾個人，一目瞭然。
詳解閱讀題——傳教士的講題
A preacher was asked to give a talk at a local women's health symposium. His wife asked about his topic, but he was too embarrassed to admit that he had been asked to speak about sex. Thinking quickly, he replied, "I'm talking about sailing."
"Oh, that's nice," said his wife.
The next day, at the grocery store, a young woman who had attended the lecture recognized the minister's wife. "That was certainly an excellent talk your husband gave yesterday, " she said. "He really has a unique perspective on the subject." Somewhat chagrined, the minister' s wife replied, "Gee, funny you should think so. I mean, he's only done it twice. The first time he threw up, and the second time, his hat blew off."
Notes:
(1) preacher n.傳教士
(2) symposium n 初中英語. 專題研討會
(3) embarrassed adj. 局促不安的
(4) grocery n. 雜貨業
(5) unique adj. 獨特的
(6) perspective n. 觀點；看法
(7) chagrined adj. 懊惱的
(8) throw up 嘔吐
Exercises:
根據短文判斷正確下列句子：
① The preacher was asked to give a talk on sex.
② He was too shy to tell his wife the topic.
③ The young woman told the minister's wife the real topic he had spoken about.
④ The young woman thought the preacher had his unique idea on sex.
⑤ The preacher's wife thought the young woman was praising the preacher for his wide knowledge on sailing.
傳教士的講題
一位傳教士應邀在當地的婦女專題研討會上作報告。他的妻子問及他的講題，他要是供認他應邀講性的話，他會無地自容的。他飛快地思索，回答說：我要講關於航海的。
噢，那好極了，他妻子說。
第二天，在雜貨店，一位聽過講座的年輕婦女認出了牧師的妻子。你丈夫昨天講得確實好極了，她說，在那個問題上他確有獨到的見解。牧師妻子顯出有些懊惱地回答說：唧，你這樣認為真是好笑。我是說他僅僅做過兩次。第一次他嘔吐了，第二次他的帽子被吹掉了。
練習參考答案：
①T②T③F④T⑤T
初中英語語法大全精講之被動語態的用法
被動語態的用法：
① 不知道誰是動作的執行者(即不知道誰做)時用被動語態,省略by短語。如：A man was killed in the accident.(一個人死於事故)/ This window was broken yesterday.(這扇窗子是昨天被打破的)
②不說或者眾所周知是誰做時,用被動語態,省略by短語。如：Rice is also grown in this place.(這個地方也種水稻)/ A railroad will be built here in three years.(三年之後這里將要修建一條鐵路)
③強調動作的承受者,句尾加by短語。如：It was written by Lu Xun.(它(書)是魯迅寫的)/ A pet dog is never killed by its owner.(寵物狗是不會被主人宰殺的)
初中英語名詞概念的語法大全
【名詞概念的】名詞一把死拿可以分為專有名詞和普通名詞兩種名詞屬性，下面就是對它的具體介紹。
名詞
名詞可以分為專有名詞（Proper Nouns）和普通名詞 (Common Nouns），專有名詞是某個（些）人，地方，機構等專有的名稱，如Beijing，China等。普通名詞是一類人或東西或是一個抽象概念的名詞，如：book，sadness等。普通名詞又可分為下面四類：
1）個體名詞（Indivial Nouns）：表示某類人或東西中的個體，如：gun。
2）集體名詞（Collective Nouns）：表示若干個個體組成的集合體，如：family。
3）物質名詞（Material Nouns）：表示無法分為個體的實物，如：air。
4）抽象名詞（Abstract Nouns）：表示動作、狀態、品質、感情等抽象概念，如：work。
個體名詞和集體名詞可以用數目來計算，稱為可數名詞（Countable Nouns），物質名詞和抽象名詞一般無法用數目計算，稱為不可數名詞（Uncountable Nouns）。
英語作文萬能句子大全（1）
【萬能句子大全（1）】對於英語作文學習中，記住萬能句子是很有必要的。
萬能句子大全（1）
1. as soon as 一…就…
2. (not) as/so…as 不如
3. as…as possible 盡可能地
4. ask sb for sth.. 請求，要求
5. ask/tell sb. (how) to do sth. 請教/告訴某人如何做…
6. ask/tell sb. (not) to do sth. 請/告訴某人做/不做某事
通過上面對萬能句子大全的介紹，希望同學們對上面的句子能很好的記住，並在寫作中很好的運用。
if 和 whether用法
whether和if用法相同嗎？
［］有時相同，有時不同。 whether和if都可作賓語從句的引導詞，意為是否，在一般情況下可以互換。if多用於口語和非正式文體中，whether則多用於比較正式的文體中。例如：
She asked me if／whether I could help her with if 和 whether用法 her English．她問我是否能幫她學。
I don't know if／whether it is going to rain．我不知道是否會下雨。
它們之間的相同點我已明白。它們之間有什麼不同呢？
［老師］在下列六種情況下，只能用whether，不能用 if：
1．在帶to的動詞不定式前。例如：
She hasn't decided whether to go or not．她還沒有決定去還是不去。
He doesn't know whether to go to the cinema or to watch TV at home．他不知道是去看電影還是在家看電視。
2．在介詞後面。例如：
I'm thinking of whether we should go fishing．我在想我們是否該去釣魚。
I'm not interested in whether she'll come or not．她來不來，我不感。
3．直接與or not連用時。例如：
I can't say whether or no the will come on time．他能否准時來，我說不準。
I don't know whether or not they will come to help us．我不知道他們是否會來幫助我們。
4．在動詞discuss後面的賓語從句中。例如：
We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week．我們討論下周我們是否舉行運動會。
5．賓語從句提前時只能用whether。例如：
Whether this if 和 whether用法 is true or not，I can't say．這是不是真的，我說不準。
6．引導位於句首的主語從句或表語從句用 whether。例如：
Whether he is right or wrong is a question．他是對還是錯仍是個問題。
The question was whether he went there last night．問題是他昨晚去沒去那裡。
那麼，在什麼情況下用if不用whether呢？
［老師］在下面三種情況下用if不用whether：
1．引導條件狀語從句，if意為如果時，不可用 whether代替。例如：
We will go swimming if it is fine tomorrow．如果明天天氣好，我們將去游泳。
We'll go hiking ifit doesn't rain tomorrow．如果明天不下雨，我們將去徒步旅行。
2．引導否定概念的賓語從句時一般用if。例如：
He asked me if I hadn't finished my homework．他問我是否沒有完成作業。
3．狀語從句中的even if（即使）和as if（好像）中的if不能用whether來替代。例如：
I'll not let you watch TV even if you're free．即使你有空，我也不讓你看電視。
He talks as if he knew all about it．他說話的口氣好像他全部都已知道了。
OK，講了這么多，不知你聽明白了嗎？
聽明白了。Thank you，sir．
;D. 初中英語閱讀理解訓練題及答案
初中英語閱讀理解訓練題及答案
初中是指九年義務教育的中學，所傳授的知識高於小學，低於大學，處於“中等地位”。為了幫助大家學習初中英語，我分享了一些初中英語閱讀理解，歡迎閱讀!
怎麼交朋友
Its hard to make friends if you stay at home alone all the time. Get out of the house and do things that will put you in touch with(接觸) other people. It's easier to make friends when you have similar interests.
Don't be afraid to show people what youre really good at. Talk about the things you like and do best. People will be interested in you if there is something interesting about you.
Look at people in the eye when you talk to them. That way, they'll find it easier to talk to you, or people may think you're not interested in them and may stop being interested in you.
Be a good listener. Let people talk about themselves before talking about “me, me, me”. Ask lots of questions. Show an interest in their answers.
Try to make friends with the kind of people you really like, respect (尊敬), and admire (羨慕)—not just with those who are easy to meet. Be friendly with a lot of people. That way, you'll have a bigger group of people to choose from and have more chances for making friends.
1. How can we have more friends, get in touch with other people or stay at home?
2. When Jim talks to people, he always looks right, left, or at the floor. Do you think it's right? Why or why not?
3. Cindy always talks about herself when she talks to other people. What advice (it'80 do you think she needs to follow?
4. What should you do if you want to have more chances for making friends?
5. What's the main idea of the passage?
參考答案與解析：
1. Get in touch with other people.回答選擇問句不能用Yes或No來回答，而是從選項中選擇一項進行回答。本題答案由第1段前兩句可知。
2. No. / I don't think so. Because people may think he's not interested in them. / Because he should look at people in the eye. / Because it's impolite / not polite 可在第3段找到答案。
3. Be a good listener. / Let people talk about themselves before talking about “her, her, her.” / Listen to other people first 可根據第4段的.內容來回答。
4. Be friendly with other (a lot of) people. / Try to make friends with the kind of people you really like, respect and admire—not just with those who are easy to meet. / Get out to meet other people.
5. How to make friends / To make friends / Make friends. / Making friends根據首尾段即可概括出。
低溫冷凍學
Some people want to be shot into space after their death, others want to lie deep under the sea. But most people want to go into the freezer(冷藏庫).These are believers in cryogenics(低溫冷凍學).
Now some diseases can’t be cured, but they may be cured sometime in the future. So some people hope that their bodies can be frozen after they die. When a cure is found, warm up his or her body, bring it back to life and take the cure. Once the body is frozen, it is kept in liquid nitrogen(液態氮) at a temperature of 328 degrees below zero.
Now around a thousand people are going to take cryogenic treatment(處理), though most scientists say it won’t work. If we freeze huge creatures(生物) like humans, every one of their cells(細胞) will be broken. Can they be brought back to life in the future?
根據短文內容回答下列各問題。
7. Where do most people hope that their bodies are kept after their death?
_________________________________________
8. Why do they want the world to keep their bodies well?
_________________________________________
9. How do scientists usually keep a dead man’s body?
_________________________________________
10. How many people are going to take cryogenic treatment after they die?
___________________________________________
參考答案與解析：
【文章大意】有些人死後想被發射到太空去，有些人想被深埋在海底之下，但多數人想要被低溫冷凍。現在有些疾病不能治療，但到了將來它們可能會被治好。於是有些人希望死後屍體能被冷凍起來，等找到了治療方法，再讓他們復活。盡管大多數科學家認為這種方法不起作用，還是有1,000多人准備接受低溫冷凍。
7. In the freezer.
8. They hope that they can come back to life one day.
9. They usually keep it in liquid nitrogen at a temperature of 328 degrees below zero.
10. Around 1.000 people.
機器時代帶來的經濟危機
Most people want to work, but it has become more difficult in today’s world to find work for everyone. The economy (經濟) of the world needs to grow by 4% each year just to keep the old number of jobs for people. Often this is not possible, and so more people are out of work. Some people have no jobs now because new machines can do the work of many people in short time. Also, machines do not ask for more money and longer holiday. In all of the countries of the world, machines are taking work from people, not only in factories but also on the farms. One machine can often do the work from forty people. About 75,000 people are moving to the cities a day to look for jobs, but only 70% of them can find jobs.
1. It was _______ for people to find work before than today.
A. not possible B. difficult C. more difficult D. easier
2. If the economy of the world grows by 4% each year, _______.
A. people will have no jobs B. people can still have jobs as before
C. 4% of the people will have jobs D. 97% of the people will have jobs
3. One machine can do as much work as _______.
A. 40% of the people B. 4% of the people in the world
C. 40 people D. 75,000 people
4. How many people outside cities go into to look for jobs each day?
A. 70% of the people. B. 4% of the people in the world.
C. More than 75,000. D. About 75,000 people.
5. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Machines are taking work instead of people.
B. Now more people are out of work.
C. Machines need more money and longer holidays.
D. Most people want to have jobs.
參考答案與解析：
1. 由短文的第一句話It has become more difficult in today’s world to find work for everyone. 可知現在找工作比以前更困難，即以前找工作比現在容易得多。所以答案選D。
2. 由短文的第二句話The economy of the world needs to grow by 4% each year just to keep the old number of jobs for the people. 准確地理解了這一句話的意思就能得出正確答案為B。
3. 由短文的倒數第二句話One machine can often do the work of forty people.可知此題的正確答案為C。
4. 此題根據原文的最後一句話可直接得出答案為D。
5. 此題在原文中都可找到答案，而C答案與作者的觀點Machines do not ask for more money and longer holiday.不一致，所以選C。
;E. 初中英語閱讀理解有10題還是15題
15題。從近幾年的中考閱讀理解情況看，短文體裁多樣，題材各異，文章涉及科學知識、社會文化、政治歷史、人文環境和日常生活等方面，充分體現其時代性、實用性。短文難度逐年加大。常見題型有主旨題、細節題、推斷題、猜測詞義題和正誤判斷題。
做閱讀理解練習應先看問題，弄清考點。在閱讀短文之前，快速瀏覽問題，以便在閱讀短文時做到心中有數，快速、准確地捕捉所要信息。先易後難。做題時不必拘泥於書中所呈現的語篇順序，應遵循先易後難的原則。如可先做細節題再做推斷題，因為細節題大多能直接從文中找到答案，而推斷題則需對短文進行深層理解，再作判斷。
（一）主旨題
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主旨題主要考查學生對短文中心思想或作者意圖的掌握。做此類題時，應通讀全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主題句的意義。短文往往圍繞主題句展開，主題句通常出現在短文第一句或最後一句。
（二）細節題
細節題是用來進一步表達主題，體現中心思想的，往往針對短文某個細節來設題。做此類題時，應快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、數字等，閱讀時要有針對性。
（三）推斷題
推斷題就是根據某個事實推斷結論，主要考查學生的理解力和推斷力。這類推斷通常包括：數據事實推斷、常識推斷以及作者的寫作目的、態度和傾向等的推斷。做此類題時，
第 2 頁
應根據短文中的相關語句，對與事實有關的細節加以分析，找出線索，悟出字里行間的意思，反復比較，從而作出合乎邏輯的判斷。
（四）猜測詞義題
猜測詞義題主要考查學生根據上下文正確判斷靈活變化的詞義能力。一般情況下，推斷詞義的題目中所出現的單詞，大多數是學生未曾見過的生詞，學生需要在該詞出現的上下文中去尋找線索。通過閱讀上下文，斷定該詞的真正含義，然後將這個釋義代入文中，檢查是否貼切，仔細比較直到得出該詞的確切的含義。
（五）正誤判斷題
正誤判斷題主要考查學生對文章的具體事實
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、信息的理解能力。一般是根據文章的事實或細節，給出一個句子，判斷其正誤。這類題比較直接，難度相對較小。做此類題時，應先看題，後帶著「問題」快速閱讀短文，尋找所需要的信息。初中英語閱讀理解題已成為評估學生英語水平的重要測試題型，在中考英語試卷中所佔比重較大。閱讀理解題主要是考查學生綜合運用所學語言知識的能力，包括細節理解能力、詞義判斷能力、歸納概括能力及邏輯推理能力等。大致來說，閱讀理解題主要針對如下方面：（1）個別詞語或句子；（2）某一細節或情節；（3）主題；（4）背景知識；（5）結論或結局；（6）內涵隱意或寓意等。下面本人就根據閱讀理解題的題型特點，來談一些答題技巧。
一、直接理解題
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這種題目比較簡單，只要通讀全文，了解文中所敘述的重要事實或細節就可以解答出來，有的甚至可以從文章的原句中直接找到答案。此類題目的出題形式很多，例如：
（1）Which of the following statements is true ／false?
（2）Which of the following is（not）mentioned?
（3）How many ／How much ／Where ／How ／What……?
（4）What does the writer think about?
（5）Which is the right order of the events given in thepassage?
要快速辨認和記憶事實或細節，就需要恰當
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地使用查閱的方法。查閱是讀者在對材料有所了解的情況下進行的，它的特點是帶著問題去尋找答案，往往與略讀綜合使用，具體方法與步驟如下：
（1）略讀材料，了解原文大意，掌握其中心意思或主旨。
（2）按文章的體裁、作者寫作的組織模式及有關信息詞，如for example，first，second……預測應該到何處尋找自己所需要的事實。
（3）將自己的精力放在尋找所需要的細節上，快速通篇閱讀，眼睛自左至右、自下而上呈Z形掃視，待找到含有相關細節的句子時，就要放慢速度，仔細核對，比較內容，直至找到答案。
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二、語義理解題
在閱讀中，我們經常會遇到一些生詞，需要根據上下文猜測它們的意思。此類問題考查學生緊扣原文，根據上下文語境判斷單詞、詞語或短句意義的能力。常見的題型有：直接對生詞進行解釋；對多義詞或短語在文章具體語言環境中的意義作出准確判斷；對英語中的一些格言或諺語進行解釋；對文中一些代詞的指代對象作出界定等。這種題型常見的設題方式如下：
（1）The underlined word（phrase）in the passage means______.
（2）The word「it/them」in the first paragraph refers to______.
（3）The underlined sentence in the last pa
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ragraph means____.
（4）What does the underlined word「…」refer to______.
（5）By …the writer means______.
在做此類題時，考生應緊扣原文，根據上下文語境進行判斷，切不要望文生義或斷章取義，也不能只選擇自己熟悉的意思。猜測詞義的常見方法有：
1）根據構詞法猜測詞義；
（2）根據上下文猜測詞義；
（3）根據定義或解釋猜測詞義；
（4）根據同義詞、反義詞以及對比關系猜測詞義；
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（5）根據生活常識猜測詞義。
三、邏輯推理題
推理判斷試題屬於深層閱讀理解題。它要求考生盡量考慮文中全部信息或事實，在通篇理解文章的基礎上，嚴格按照作者提供的信息推斷出作者的言外之意。這種題型常見的設題方式有：
（1）From the text，it can be inferred that______.
（2）The passage suggests that______.
（3）Which of the following best describes______.
（4）The writer』s attitude towards…is______.
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（5）From the text，we learn that______.
這種題目有一定難度，解答時必須根據上下文及相互間的關系或對整篇文章進行深層理解後，才能找到答案。有時甚至還得聯系作者的意圖、態度等文外之意加以推理。解此類題目可從以下幾方面入手：
（1）根據常識判斷。即解題時，除弄清文意外，還需藉助生活常識、風土人情、傳說掌故、名人軼事等進行判斷。
（2）根據知識判斷。即解題時，運用一些一般性知識，如天文、地理、文學、藝術、科技等自然科學和社會科學知識。
（3）根據計算判斷。即解題時，運用一些數學知識進行和差、面積、體積、速度等方面
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的運算。
（4）根據情節判斷。即解題時，從情節所提供的基本事實出發，尋找一定規律，如時間關系、條件關系、因果關系、比較關系、轉折關系等作為推理根據。這種題目最容易出現，考生要從時間、地點、事件的情節安排與發展中，深入探討其邏輯關系及隱喻、引申等因素。
四、歸納總結題
這種題型要求學生在理解全文的基礎上，對文章進行歸納、概括或評價。解這種題目時，不能只憑文中的只言片語而斷章取義，如涉及文章的標題（title）、主題（main idea）、結論（conclusion）、結局（end）等有關問題，都需要在細讀全文的基礎上，
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結合所學語言知識進行邏輯思維、推理、判斷，從而獲取文章中的內在信息。常見的設題方式有：
（1）The general idea of the passage is about______.
2）The main idea of the article is______.
（3）The main purpose of this selection is______.
4）The passage suggests that______.
5）Which of the following best states the theme of thepassage?
具體解題時，應注意一些技巧：
（1）首先看短文的開頭和結尾，確定短文題
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材，預測其內容。每段的第一句話往往會提供重要信息，可以幫助我們搜索各段落乃至整篇文章的大意。
（2）速讀全文，整體理解短文大意，抓住關鍵詞語，弄清文章的主旨。
（3）根據已知短文內容，著手解題。可先將文後的選擇題看一下，然後帶著問題再去閱讀。這樣做，一方面有助於對文章進一步理解，另一方面可以有針對性地從文章中尋找答案。
（4）迅速復讀全文，檢查自己的理解是否正確，所選答案是否前後矛盾。通過全面考慮，最後確定答案。
一.教學大綱對閱讀理解的要求
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(一)初中英語教學大綱對學生閱讀上的基本要求：
1.能閱讀難度相當於課文的材料，理解其大意。
2.能獨立閱讀所學語言知識范圍內的材料，生詞率不超過3%。
3.閱讀速度要求每分鍾50-70詞。
(二)中考閱讀理解的考點
1.文章的話題—略讀文章，領會文章大意的題。
2.文章的中心題—歸納，概括的能力。
3.文章的細節—掃讀或細讀文章，以獲得某些特地信息或准確的尋找所需細節的能力。
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4.文章的寓意，結論-領會作者的言外之意或推斷出文章的結論。
5.生詞詞意，猜詞—對生詞詞意的判斷能力。
(三)中考閱讀理解考察的文體
1.記敘文—抓住人物，地點，時間，情節發展線索。
2.說明文—要以事物為中心進行思考。抓住事物的特徵，用途，相互關系等。
(四)解題思路與技巧
1.快速瀏覽全文，掌握大意。
2.仔細審題，分析比較選項。
3.帶著問題復讀，捕捉關鍵信息，解答問題。
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4.再讀全文，核對答案。
二.閱讀理解題型及解題技巧
從近幾年的中考閱讀理解情況看，短文體裁多樣，題材各異，文章涉及科學知識、社會文化、政治歷史、人文環境和日常生活等方面，
充分體現其時代性、實用性。短文難度逐年加大。常見題型有主旨題、細節題、推斷題、猜測詞義題和正誤判斷題。
做閱讀理解練習應先看問題，弄清考點。在閱讀短文之前，快速瀏覽問題，以便在閱讀短文時做到心中有數，快速、准確地捕捉所要信息。先易後難。做題時不必拘泥於書中所呈現的語篇順序，應遵循先易後難的原則。如可先做細節題再做推斷題，因為細節
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題大多能直接從文中找到答案，而推斷題則需對短文進行深層理解，再作判斷。
(一)主旨題
主旨題主要考查學生對短文中心思想或作者意圖的掌握。做此類題時，應通讀全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主題句的意義。短文往往圍繞主題句展開，主題句通常出現在短文第一句或最後一句。
(二)細節題
細節題是用來進一步表達主題，體現中心思想的，往往針對短文某個細節來設題。做此類題時，應快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、數字等，閱讀時要有針對性。
(三)推斷題
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推斷題就是根據某個事實推斷結論，主要考查學生的理解力和推斷力。這類推斷通常包括：數據事實推斷、常識推斷以及作者的寫作目的、態度和傾向等的推斷。做此類題時，應根據短文中的相關語句，對與事實有關的細節加以分析，找出線索，悟出字里行間的意思，反復比較，從而作出合乎邏輯的判斷。
(四)猜測詞義題
猜測詞義題主要考查學生根據上下文正確判斷靈活變化的詞義
能力。一般情況下，推斷詞義的題目中所出現的單詞，大多數是學生未曾見過的生詞，學生需要在該詞出現的上下文中去尋找線索。通過閱讀上下文，斷定該詞的真正含義，
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然後將這個釋義代入文中，檢查是否貼切，仔細比較直到得出該詞的確切的含義。
1.通過因果關系猜詞
通過因果關系猜詞，首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關系，然後才能猜詞。有時文章藉助關聯詞(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等等)表示前因後果。例如：
You shouldn't have blamed him for that，for it wasn't his fault.通過for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的錯)，可猜出blame的詞義是"責備"。
2.通過同義詞和反義詞的關系猜詞
通過同義詞猜詞，一是要看由and或or連接的
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同義詞片語，如happy and gay，即使我們不認識gay這個詞，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在進一步解釋的過程中使用的同義詞，如Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均為生詞，但只要知道planets就可猜出這幾個詞都
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F. 初中英語閱讀後填空題，要10篇，急求！
Dear editor,
Why do newspapers have so many advertisements for electronic(電子的)equipment? Last Sunday I counted ads. for seven kinds of televisions and thirteen kinds of radios in the Youth Journal. Besides that, there were pages and pages of ads. for Citizens』 Band radios and tape recorders.
Don』t you realize what electronic equipment is doing to our daily life? Everywhere you go you may hear loud music and advertisements over radios; this continuous noise is doing harm to our ears. Husbands don』t talk to wives any more; they are always watching the news or a ball game. Children』s eyes become hurt with endless hours of watching not only the programs for children but also those for grown-ups as well. And worse, hidden microphones find out our personal lives, and computers keep records of personal information about us。
That is enough! I think you should limit the amount of advertising of electronic equipment in the Youth Journal, or it will make life unbearable(難以忍受的)for us all.
1. Youth Journal is the name of _________. .
A. a department star B. a shop that sells electronic equipment
C. a local newspaper D. a hotel where the writer stayed
2. What problems does Jason Smith think radio causes?
A. It has too many programs for advertising. B. It makes husbands talk little to wives.
C. It gives too much loud music. D. Its noise does harm to our ears.
3. Electronic equipment causes all the following problems EXCEPT that_________.
A. personal information is given to strangers. B. children』s eyes are harmed
C. news of the world is given to all people D. family members don』t talk to each other
4. It is NOT mentioned but implied(暗示)that _________. .
A. some kinds of electronic equipment are bad for our personal lives
B. watching too much TV hurts children』s eyes
C. some kinds of electronic equipment cause social problems
D. television has had effects on both grown-ups and children
5. From the letter, we know that _________.
A. the editor agrees with Jason Smith
B. the editor likes the electronic equipment ads
C. the editor doesn』t like the electronic equipment ads
D. Jason Smith doesn』t like the electronic equipment ads
America has had many presidents who have been famous all over the world. People from other countries know the names Washington, Kennedy and so on. However, many men who have served as President of the United States have not been famous in other parts of the world. One example is J.Q. Adams, the sixth man to serve as U.S. President.
Very little happened while Adams was President. It was an unhappy time for him, and he wasn』t very effective, when his term ended, he went back to the Congress and served as a representative(眾議院議員). While he was in Congress, people began to respect him more than they had done while he was President. Adams was strongly against slavery and tried to outlaw it in Washington D. C. . People began to look back on his presidency with a different view. Now they saw that he was an independent man with high ideal who loved his country and hated slavery. Adams died in 1848 while speaking in the House of Representative.
6. When Adams served as the sixth U.S. President .
A. his people didn』t regard him as a great man
B. he tried a lot of means to get rid of slavery
C. his high ideal made an impression on American people
D. he did a lot of things against laws
7. In fact, American people came to love Adams .
A. whether he was president or not B. when he was not a president
C. before his term ended D. when he first became a representative
8. Which of the following can show the author』s true attitude?
A. Adams had ability, but he had no chance to show it.
B. As a president, Adams was unfit for his work..
C. Adams was not an effective man.D. Adams was worth respecting.
9. In your judgement, compared with Adams. Lincoln .
A. was not a world-famous president B. seemed to be an unimportant president
C. was a well-known president D. had the same fact as Adams
10. Choose the best title for this passage.
A. Unfit Presidents B. President Who Set Slavery Free
C. Unknown Presidents D. Famous President, Adams
An old man was going home late one night with his horse and cart after a day』s hard work. When he was not far from his house, the light on the cart went out. He tried but could not mend (修理) it. He was near his home, and so he went along the road without a light. When a policeman saw this, he stopped the old carter. 「Where is your light?」 asked the policeman. 「No man may take a cart along the road at night without a light. You know that. You have broken the law (法律).」 「I had a light, but it has just gone out,」 said the old man. 「I don』t believe that story,」 said the policeman. He took out a book and got ready to write. What』s your name and where do you live?」 he asked. 「Please don』t take my name,」 said the old man. 「My home is just there. You can see it from here. I had a light nearly the whole way. I haven』t come far without a light.」 「You came all the way without a light. What』s your name?」 The carter quickly took the policeman』s hand and put it down on top of the light. The light was still hot and burnt the policeman』s hand. The policeman jumped and he was very angry. 「Now, what do you think?」 said the carter. 「Did I come all the way without a light?」 ( )
1. In the passage the word 「cart」 is ____.
A. something like a car B. something like a light C. something pulled by a horse D. something with a light
7. The old man drove home ____.
A. on the back of his horse B. late one night C. very late every night
D. with a policeman
8. Where did the policeman stop the old man? A. Near the old man』s home. B. At the traffic lights. C. Under a road light. D. Far from the old man』s home.
9. The cart was stopped by the policeman because ____. A. the old man didn』t have a light B. the policeman didn』t believe the old man』s words C. the old man didn』t want to tell his name D. the light on the old man』s cart was not on
10. What made the policeman believe the old man』s words? A. He made the policeman touch the light. B. He jumped and shouted angrily. C. He made the policeman angry. D. The light burnt the policeman』s hands.
G. 英語試題！！
一、從A、B、C、D 中找出其劃線部分與其他單詞劃線部分讀音不同的選項。
〔 〕1. A. where B. care C. air D. were
〔 〕2. A. shout B. about C. south D. group
〔 〕3. A. party B. young C. yes D. year
〔 〕4. A. whose B. why C. when D. where
〔 〕5. A. post B. watch C. stop D. hospital
〔 〕6. A. shall B. wash C. machine D. school
〔 〕7. A. cup B. bus C. student D. but
〔 〕8. A. girl B. bag C. orange D. great
二、根據要求完成下列各項。
A.寫出下列動詞的單數第三人稱、現在分詞、過去式。
1. think ___________ ___________ ____________
2. wash ___________ ___________ ____________
3. buy ___________ ____________ ____________
4. get ____________ ____________ ____________
5. do ___________ _____________ ____________
6. teach ___________ ____________ ___________
B.寫出下列詞的比較級和最高級。(1×4＝4分)
1. many ____________________________________
2. hungry ___________________________________
3. bad ______________________________________
4. cheap ____________________________________
三、選擇答案。
〔 〕1. Did you finish _______ that letter last night?
A. writing B. writeing
C. write D. to wirte
〔 〕2. She is strict _______ her work.
A. on B. to help
C. in D. by
〔 〕3. Let us _______ the farmers with their work.
A. help B. to help
C. helping D. helps
〔 〕4. Mr. Wang asked the children _______ and listen to him.
A. to stop playing games
B. to stop to play games
C. stopping playing games
D. stop playing games
〔 〕5. The third month of the year is _______.
A. February B. March
C. April D. September
〔 〕6. How does your father _______ to work?
A. goes B. went
C. is D. go
〔 〕7. Is your sister free tomorrow?
No, she is going _______ a football game.
A. to look at B. to see
C. to watch D. to have a look at
〔 〕8. Where _______ you last Sunday morning?
A. are B. was
C. were D. did
〔 〕9. _______ does he go to see his mother?
A. How much B. How often
C. How many D. How long
〔 〕10. A: May I use your chair?
B: Certainly, _______.
A. Here it is B. Here they are
C. Give you D. Here you are
〔 〕11. A: Must we clean the classroom now?
B: No, you _______.
A. mustn't B. may not
C. can't D. needn't
〔 〕12. Does your sister enjoy _______ games after class?
A. to play B. to playing
C. plays D. playing
〔 〕13. What lessons did you _______ yesterday afternoon?
A. had B. has
C. have D. having
〔 〕14. You must look after _______ and keep healthy.
A. yours B. your
C. you D. yourself
〔 〕15. He'd better _______ English in the morning.
A. read B. to read
C. reading D. reads
〔 〕16. Li Ming sings better than _______ boys in his class.
A. others B. other
C. any other D. the others
〔 〕17. A: Were you tired after the sport meet?
B: Yes, but only ______.
A. a few B. few
C. a little D. little
〔 〕18. There isn't _______ at the bus stop.
A. people B. some persons
C. anyone D. somebody
〔 〕19. Our English teacher often _______ English in class.
A. speaking B. talks
C. says D. speaks
〔 〕20. I'd like him _______ my old friends.
A. meet B. to meet
C. meeting D. for metting
四、填空。
1. This box is _______ (heavy) than that one.
2. Tom is one of _______ (short) in his class.
3. There are _______ (many) students in our class than in that class.
4. It's time _______ class.
5. Shall we go there _______ bus?
6. _______ my way to school I met Wei Fang.
7. He was late _______ class last Friday.
8. He often helps us _______ our homework.
五、用動詞的適當形式填空。
1. Who _______ (carry) the heavy box two minutes ago?
2. We _______ (come) home from work at half past six last night.
3. They _______ (play) football tomorrow afternoon.
4. She usually _______ (go) to bed at ten. But last night she _______ (be) late, because she _______ (not catch) the train.
六、根據題目要求完成下列各項。
1. Wei Fang Cleaned their classroom yesterday afternoon.
(對劃線部分提問)
__________________________________________________
2. They had a short rest after school. (變否定句)
____________________________________________________
3. She went to bed before twenty past eleven last night.
(對劃線部分提問)
__________________________________________________
4. They put the baskets of oranges on the truck yesterday morning.
(對劃線部分提問)
__________________________________________________
5. Tom is cooking supper with his mother. (對劃線部分提問)
__________________________________________________
七、完成下列對話。
A: What day _______ yesterday?
B: It _______ Friday.
A: Do you know the _______ yesterday?
B: Yes, it was September tenth.
A: _______ classes _______ you _______ yesterday afternoon?
B: I _______ two English classes.
A: _______ _______ you _______ after school?
B: I went to the park.
A: _______ did you reach there?
B: I reached there _______ bus.
A: _______ did you reach there?
B: I _______ there _______ half past eight.
A: _______ you _______ a good time in the park?
B: Yes, I _______.
A: Are you going there next Sunday?
B: No. I ______ busy all the time. I have quite a lot of homework ______ do.
八、閱讀理解。
A man was walking in the park with his dog. Then he saw his friend with a dog. The two began talking and the dogs ran off together (一起). After a few minutes they became (變得) worried (焦慮). "I want to know where Hannibal is." he said. "I want to know where Cleopatro is." she said.
They went to look for their dogs, but they couldn't find them. Three days later the man telephoned (打電話) his friend. "Did your dog come home?" he said. "Yes." she answered. "How did you find it?" "I put an advertisement (廣告) in the newspaper and I got it back the next day. Why don't you try (試) that?" "I can't put an advertisement in the newspaper." he said. "Why not?" "Because Hannibal can't read."
根據上文判斷下列句子正誤。對畫√，錯畫×。
〔 〕1. Two friends and their dogs met in the street.
〔 〕2. The two friends talked together and their dogs ran
off together.
〔 〕3. A few minutes later they became worried because they
couldn't see their dogs.
〔 〕4. The woman's dog could read but the man's dog couldn't.
九、完形填空。
There is a big tree 1 my house. A black bird 2 in the tree. Every day I 3 some food to the tree. The bird sees me and comes 4 . The food is in my hand. The bird comes 5 my hand and eats (吃) the food. It 6 from my hand. After 7 it goes back into the 8 . I give 9 food to this bird every day. And so the bird 10 me. We are good friends.
〔 〕1. A.In front B. near C. next D. from
〔 〕2. A. sitting B. living C. lives D. sit
〔 〕3. A. take B. bring C. give D. put
〔 〕4. A. on B. to C. from D. down
〔 〕5. A. in B. to C. from D. for
〔 〕6. A. eats B. eat C. sit D. sits
〔 〕7. A. me B. it C. these D. that
〔 〕8. A. house B. tree C. any D. field
〔 〕9. A. little B. some C. any D. a few
〔 〕10. A. eats B. like C. knows D. glad
參 考 答 案
一、1. D 2. D 3. A 4. A 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. C
二、A. 1. thinks thinking thought 2. washes washing washed 3. buys buying bought 4. gets getting got 5. does doing did 6. teaches teaching taught
B. 1. more most 2. hungrier hungriest 3. worse worst 4. cheaper cheapest
C. 1. reached 2. enjoy 3. climb 4. along 5. hospital 6. know 7. first 8. call
三、1. A 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. C 8. C 9. B 10. D 11. D 12. D 13. C 14. D 15. A 16. C 17. C 18. C 19. D 20. B
四、1. heavier 2. the shortest 3. more 4. for 5. by 6. On 7. for 8. with
五、1. carried 2. came 3. are going to play(will paly) 4. goes, was, didn't catch
六、1. What did Wei Fang clean yesterday afternoon?
2. They did not have a short rest yesterday afternoon.
3. When did she go to bed last night?
4. Where did they put the baskets of oranges yesterday morning?
5. What is Tom doing with his mother?
七、was, was, date, What, did, have, had, Where, did, go, How, by, When, reached, at, Did, have, did, am, to
八、1. × 2. √ 3. √ 4. ×
九、1. B 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. B 9. B 10. C
H. 求初中英語故事，帶翻譯，順便帶幾個問題 萬分感謝
One
You must have been troubled by when to say "I love you" because it is one of the greatest puzzles in our life.
What if you say it first and your partner doesn』 t love you back? or if they do say. it but you don』t feel they mean it? Being the first to declare your love can be nerver racking(緊張）and risky and can leave you feeling as vulnerable as a turtle with no shell. But is the person who says it first really in a position of weakness? Doesn』 t it pay to hold back, play it cool and wait until the other half has shown their hand fast?
A really good relationship should be about being fair and being equal," says psychologist Sidney Crown. "But love is seldom equal. " All. relationships go through power struggles but, he says, if a love imbalance continues for years, the rot will set in. "That feeling of 』 I』 ve always loved you more』 may be subverted(顛覆，破壞) for a time, but it never goes away completely and it often emerges in squabbling(大聲爭吵). " In love, at least, the silent, withholding type is not always the most powerful. "The strongest one in a relationship is often the person who feels confident enough to talk about their feelings," says ecational psychologist Ingrid Collins. Psychosexual therapist Paula Hall agrees. "The one with the upper hand is often the person who takes the initiative. In fact, the person who says 』 I love you』 first may also be the one who says 』 I』 m bored with you』 first. " Hall believes that much depends on how "I love you" is said and the motivation of the person saying it. "Is it said when they』 re drunk? Is it said. before their partner files off on holiday, and what it really means is 』 Please don』 t be unfaithful to me』 ? By saying 』 I love you』, they really saying』 Do you love me?』 If so, wouldn』t it just be more honest to say mat.Collins agrees that intention is everything. "It』s not what is said, but how it』 s said. What it comes down to is the sincerity of the speaker.」
51. What is the main idea of this passage?
[ A ] The importance of "I love you"
[ B ] The meaning of "I love you"
[ C ] The time of saying "I love you".
[ D ] The place of saying. "I love you"
52. In the first sentence the author means that
[ A ] it is easy to say "I love you"
[ B ] it is hard to say "I love you"
[ C ] we have many troubles in our life
[ D ] people usually do not know when to say "I love you"
53. According to the expert, a good relationship should be
[ A ] fair and equal
[ B ] fair and kind
[ C ] powerful and equal
[ D] confident and fair
54. In the third paragraph, the phrase "with the upper hand" means
[ A ] being low in spirit
[ B ] having only one hand
[ C ] being active
[ D ] being passive
55. What is the most important for you to consider when somebody say "I love you"to you?
[ A ] The intention.
[ B ] The place.
[ C ] The time.
[ D ] The determination.
Text 2 參考譯文
你一定曾經為何時說「我愛你」而煩惱過，因為這是我們生活中的一大難題。
如果你先說「我愛你」而對方卻不回應，或者對方也這么說但你覺得他或她並非當真，那該怎麼辦?如你先說愛一個人，會讓人緊張，而且也很冒險，它會讓你覺得像沒了硬殼的海龜那樣容易受到傷害。但先說出口的人真的是處於劣勢嗎?隱而不宣，冷靜地等待，讓對方採取主動會更好嗎?
「真正良好的兩性關系應該是合理平等的」，心理學家悉德尼•克朗說，「但愛情很少是平等的。」所有的兩性關系都會有權力的斗爭，但是，他說，如果愛情失去平衡，那麼數年之後就會開始出現問題。「『我對你的愛更多』的情況暫時不再繼續，但這種感覺卻不會消失，且常常會在爭吵中出現。」至少在愛情上，沉默含蓄的那種類型並不總是最強有力的。「兩性關系中最強大的一方常常是感覺自信能說出自己的感受的人。」教育心理學家因格瑞•柯林斯說。性心理治療學家波拉•霍爾贊同說，「占上風的常常是採取主動的人。實際上，先說『我愛你』的人往往也是先說『我討厭你』的人。」霍爾認為，很大程度上取決於說「我愛你」的方式和說話人的動機。「他們是在喝醉時說的嗎?是在對方乘飛機渡假前說的嗎?而其真正的含義是『請一定要對我忠誠』?是不是表面上說：『我愛你』，而真正想說的卻是『你愛我嗎?』如果這樣，直截了當地說不是更誠實嗎?」考林也認為你的動機決定一切。「重要的不在於說話內容而在於說話的方式。歸根到底是說話人的真誠。」
答案及解析
51．C【解析】這篇文章主要講述的是說「我愛你」的時機，是採取主動還是處於被動，以及說話者的動機。
52．D【解析】「You must have been troubled by when to say 『I love you』 because it is one of the greatest puzzles in our life．」也就是說人們為何時說「我愛你」而煩惱。
53．A【解析】見第三段的「A really good relationship should be about being fair and being equal」。
54．C【解析】此題是詞義解析，意思是「佔了上風」。
55．A【解析】從第三段末考林的話語中可以分析出來是你的動機決定一切。「重要的不在於說話內容而在於說話的方式。歸根到底是說話人的真誠。」
Two
Going shopping seems easy but actually it takes a lot of learning, especially in American. In the fact, many Americans who are not so well-off often shop at 「sales」 or at special stores that sell things at low prices, which you may find interesting. In American, the important rule of dressing is that one should change his\her clothes every day. For example, in an American college, neither professors nor students are seen in the same clothes two days in a row. So you may find it necessary to buy more clothes than China. While you are shopping in the States, you will discover that prices range considerablely from time to time. The purchase of used, second-hand clothing, furniture, or other household articles may be an excellent way of saving money. Most second-hand clothes are often pretty good quality. If you are going to settle down in the states and want some furniture, you may go to a 「loan closet」, where furniture rents at low costs, or you may also go to a 「furniture exchange」 place in the community.
Sheets, blankets and other bedclothes go on sale in most communities twice a year. Advertisements for 「white sales」, that is, sales on bed linen, towels, ets., often appear in January, as well as in May, June or July. Once or twice every season, there will be 「garage sales」, where you can get almost anything, from a yacht to a pair of shoes, at low prices. Prices at 「discount stores」 and 「thrift shops」 are also as low as you can imagine.
56. Shopping in the United States .
A. seems easy for Americans.
B. require some learning.
C. is very easy for foreigners.
D. is only for 「well-off」 people.
57. Americans change their clothes daily, because .
A. clothes are sold at low prices.
B. people take it as a rule.
C. they enjoy doing so.
D. everyone is very 「well-off」.
58. People shopping in American will discover .
A. American goods are excellent.
B. most clothes come from China.
C. prices vary much sometimes.
D. used clothes are of poor quality.
59. A person who needs furniture can .
A. exchange their goods for furniture.
B. settle in a place that has furniture.
C. get some free of charge.
D. rent some at low cost.
60. At a 「white sale」, one can buy .
A. almost anything.
B. sheets, cooking, utensils, ect.
C. bed linen, towels, ect.
D. shoes at low prices.
去購物似乎很容易，但實際上需要，特別是在美國的學習很多。事實上，許多美國人誰不那麼富裕的時候店「銷售」，或在該低的價格出售，你可能會發現有趣的事情特別的店。在美國，修整重要的規則是，一要改變他/她的衣服每天。例如，在美國大學，無論是教授，也不是在連續兩天的同樣的衣服出現的學生。所以，你可能認為有必要購買更多的衣服比你在中國有。當你在美國購物，你會發現，價格範圍相當不時。所用的，二手衣物，傢具或其他家庭用品可能是省錢的好辦法購買。大多數二手衣服是不錯的質量。如果你要在美國定居下來，並希望一些傢具，你可以到一個「貸款的衣櫥」，凡在低成本，傢具租金或者您也可以到「傢具交流」的社會地位。
床單，毛毯，床上用品和其他走在大多數社區每年兩次出售。 「」的白色銷售廣告，即在床單，毛巾等，經常出現在1月的銷售，以及在5月，6月或7月。每個賽季一次或兩次，將有「車庫銷售」，在那裡你可以得到幾乎任何東西，從遊艇到一雙鞋子在低價格。在「打折店」和價格「舊貨店」也能像你想像的低。
Three
Like most people, I was brought up to look upon life as a process of getting. It was not until in my late thirties that I made this important discovery: giving-away makes life so much more exciting. You need not worry if you lack money. This is how I experimented with giving-away. If an idea for improving the window display of a neighborhood store flashes to me, I step in and make the suggestion to the storekeeper. One discovery I made about giving-away is that it is almost impossible to give away anything in this world without getting something back, though the return often comes in an unexpected form. One Sunday morning the local post office delivered an important special delivery letter to my home, though it was addressed to me at my office. I wrote the postmaster a note of appreciation. More than a year later I needed a post-office box for a new business I was starting. I was told at the window that there were no boxes left, and that my name would have to go on a long waiting list. As I was about to leave, the postmaster appeared in the doorway. He had overheard our conversation. 「Wasn』t it you that wrote us that letter a year ago about delivering a special delivery to your home?」 I said yes. 「Well, you certainly are going to have a box in this post office if we have to make one for you. You don』t know what a letter like that means to us. We usually get nothing but complaints.」
像大多數人，我長大看待生命是一個過程獲得。直到我在30月底，我作出這一重要發現：給予，距離使我們的生活如此更令人興奮的。您不必擔心如果缺乏資金。這是我嘗試讓-消失。如果一個主意，可以改善窗口顯示一個閃爍附近商店給我，我的步驟，並提出上述建議的倉庫保管員。一發現我付出，離開是，它幾乎是不可能放棄任何在這個世界上，沒有得到回報，盡管返回往往在一個意想不到的形式。一個星期天上午，當地郵局作了重要特別的遞送信件到我家裡，但給我在我的辦公室。我寫了一份說明郵政的贊賞。一年多後，我需要一個後Office中的一個新的業務，我開始。我被告知的窗口，沒有框的左邊，我的名字將不得不在很長的等候名單。當我正准備離開，郵政出現在門口。他聽到我們的交談。 「是不是你，我們該信中寫道：一年前為客戶提供一份特別的遞送到您的家？ 」我說是的。 「嘿，你肯定將會有一個盒子在這個郵政局如果我們要取得一個適合您。你不知道什麼樣的信，這意味著給我們。我們通常會只是投訴。
題目的答案：ACBCD，題目不祥。
有翻譯 有問題 有解析 有問題的話再問我哈
I. 初中英語閱讀理解題及答案解析
初中英語閱讀理解題及答案解析
在做閱讀理解題時,除了首先要抓住文章的主旨和大意外,還必須弄清楚文中的一些重要信息，下面是我提供給大家練習的初中英語的'閱讀理解題以及答案解析，希望大家喜歡!
【閱讀理解】
Mr King works in a shop and drives a car for the manager. He drives carefully and can keep calm in time of danger. And he escaped from several accidents. The manager pays him more and the traffic policemen often speak highly of him.
Mr Baker， one of his friends， works in a factory outside the city. It‘s far from his house and he has to go to work by bus. As the traffic is crowded in the morning， sometimes he’s late for the work. His manager warns the young man that he will be sent away unless he gets to his office on time. He hopes to buy a car， but he hasn‘t enough money. He decides to buy an old one. He went to the flea (跳蚤) market and at last he chose a beautiful but cheap car. He said he wanted to have a trial (試驗) drive， the seller agreed. He called Mr King and asked him to help him.
Mr King examined the car at first and then drove it away. It was five in the morning and there were few cars in the street. At first he drove slowly and it worked well. Then he drove fast. And when he reached a crossing， the lights turned red. He tried to stop it， but he failed and nearly hit an old woman who was crossing the street. A policeman told him to stop， but the car went on until it hit a big tree by the road.
“Didn‘t you hear me?” the policeman asked angrily.
“Yes， I did， sir，” said Mr King， “Since it doesn‘t listen to me，can it obey you?”
根據以上短文內容，然後從每題所給的四個選項中選擇最佳選項。
1. Mr King is paid more because he _______.
A. always drives very slowly B. is not afraid of danger
C. had driven for years D. drives very well
2. Mr Baker went to the flea market to _______.
A. buy a second-hand car B. have a trial drive
C. choose a new car D. sell his old car
3. Mr King tried to stop the car when _______.
A. he saw an old woman crossing the street
B. he saw a big tree
C. the traffic lights turned red
D. the policeman shouted angrily at him
4. Which of the following is true?
A. Mr King will be sent away if he keeps being late
B. Mr Baker can‘t afford to buy an old car
C. Mr King didn‘t hear the policeman
D. Something was wrong with the car
「答案與解析」
1. 選D.由句子He drives carefully and can keep calm in time of danger. And he escaped from several accidents.可知，Mr King drives very well，因此老闆付給了他更多的薪水。答案選D.
2. 選A.Mr Baker因為交通擁擠而經常遲到，受到老闆的責罵，所以He hopes to buy a car. 但是他沒有足夠的錢，所以He decided to buy an old one，可見他去跳蚤市場是buy a second-hand car(想買一輛二手車)，因此答案選A.
3. 選C.Mr King試車到了一個十字路口時，The light turned red，所以He tried to stop it，因此答案選C.
4. 選D.Mr King在交警的警告下也沒有停住車，最後撞到了樹上，他的解釋是：It doesn‘t listen to me(車不聽我的話)，可見車有問題，所以答案選D.
;J. 初二英語閱讀理解及答案解析
初二英語閱讀理解及答案解析
初中英語閱讀理解題型主要有主旨題、細節題、推斷題、猜測詞義題及正誤判斷題。下面是我整理的初中英語閱讀理解題，希望能幫到大家!
電腦技術的優勢
We are already familiar with computers—computers work for us at home, in offices and in factories. But it is also true that many children today are using computers at schools before they can write. What does this mean for the future? Are these children lucky or not?
Many people who do not know about computers think of them as machines that children play with. They worry that children do not learn from experience but just from pressing a button and that this is not good for them. They think that children are growing not knowing about the real world.
But people who understand more about computers say that computers can be very good for children. A computer can help them to learn about the real world more quickly, to learn what they want to learn and think for themselves. And for the future, don’t we need people who can think clearly, who know how to get information quickly and use it well? What do you think?
1. “To be familiar with” means to ______.
A. know nothing B. know about C. dislike D. like
2. Does everyone think computers are good for children?
A. Yes, they do. B. No, not everyone thinks so.
C. They don’t know. D. They are not sure.
3. What can computers help children to do?
A. To think clearly, to do homework and to write.
B. To play games, to do math and to .
C. To think clearly, to get information and to use it well.
D. To count, to clean the house and to get information.
4. Does the writer think computer is a good thing?
A. It isn’t mentioned. B. No, he doesn’t think so.
C. He doesn’t know. D. Yes, he does.
參考答案與解析：
1. B 詞義猜測題。由破折號後的解釋“電腦在家裡、辦公室、工廠都為我們工作”當然我們就已經“了解”電腦了。
2. B 事實細節題。第2段是說不太了解電腦的人認為電腦對小孩不好，而第3段則說那些懂電腦的人認為電腦對小孩有益，因此，並不是每個人都認為電腦對小孩有益。
3. C 事實細節題。由最後一段，特別是倒數第2個問句可知。
4. D 推理判斷題。從最後一段可推斷出作者的觀點是“計算機是件好東西”。
發生在車站的小故事
John Smith was an old porter. He worked at the station. Every day he was busy carrying heavy things for the people. He was careful with his work. He was kind to everyone. He was always ready to help others.
One morning he stood in the station. He was waiting for the train. Just then he saw a man running towards the trains with a big bag in his hand.
“No train is starting. Why is he in such a hurry?” the old man thought to himself.
He went up to the man and asked, “May I help you?”
As soon as the man saw the porter, he stopped running.
“Can I catch the 10:35 train to London?” the man asked. He looked worried.
The old porter looked at him for a few seconds and said, “Well, sir. I’d like to help you, but I can’t answer your question because I don’t know how fast you can run.” Then he explained to the man, “The 10:35 train to London left five minutes ago. Can you run fast enough to catch it?”
1. What was John’s job?
2. Where do you think the man was going?
3. Why did the man run towards the trains and look worried?
4. What time was it when the man got to the station?
5. What do you think of John Smith?
參考答案與解析：
通讀全文, 故事講述的是車站搬運工John Smith有一天在火車站同一名旅客間的`一段對話，故事很幽默。
第一個問題是一個細節題，第1段清楚地說明了他的工作：John Smith was an old porter。porter的意思的“(車站、碼頭) 的搬運工人”，如果考生不認識這個詞，也可以由He worked at the station. Every day he was busy carrying heavy things for the people.這兩句話了解他的工作性質。因此第一個問題的回答：John’s job was to carry heavy things for the people at station. / He was a porter.
第二個問題是一個推理題，問題:這名旅客要去哪裡。由文中這句旅客的問話Can I catch the 10:35 train to London?很容易推斷出他要去倫敦。
第三個問題仍要求考生推理得出答案，問題：為什麼此人看上去很急的樣子朝火車趕去。很顯然是因為他在趕火車。對why提問要用because進行回答，第三個問題的回答是Because he wanted to catch the 10:35 train to London.
第四個問題是推理題, 問的是：這名旅客趕到火車站的時間。由下文John的回答The 10:35 train to London left five minutes ago可知火車已開走，這名旅客趕到的時間是大約10: 40，因此第四題的回答是It was about10：40 (twenty to eleven) 。
第五個問題是歸納題, 考查考生對文章大意的理解。這個問題的回答實際上就是全文的中心句, 在第一自然段里已做了介紹。He was careful with his work. He was kind to everyone and always ready to help others.
閱讀的樂趣
Reading for pleasure is the easiest way to become a better reader in English. It is also the most important way.
Some students say they don’t want to read for pleasure. They say they want to use their time to learn the rules of the language and new words. They say that pleasure read¬ing is too easy.
Many experts (專家) say pleasure reading is very important for learning English. Dr. Stephen Krashen, a famous expert on learning languages, says that pleasure reading helps you learn many important things about English. Students learn more grammar and more words when they read for pleasure. They also learn more about good writing.
Dr. Krashen tells us that pleasure reading helps each student in a different way. Each student needs to learn something different. Pleasure reading makes it possible for each student to learn what he or she needs.
Reading for pleasure is not the same as studying. When you read for pleasure, you choose your own books, and you don’t have to remember everything. There are no tests on your pleasure reading books. Pleasure reading will help you:
●learn how English speakers use English
●read faster in English
●find examples of good writing in English
●learn new words
●learn about the cultures (文化) of English speakers
1. Is pleasure reading important for learning English?
2. Which is the easier way to become a better reader, pleasure reading or studying?
3. What do some students think of pleasure reading?
4. How can we become better readers?
5. What’s the greatest advantage (優點) of pleasure reading?
參考答案與解析：
1. Yes, it is. 由文章的第1段第2句可知。
2. Pleasure reading. 根據最後一段的內容可知。
3. It’s too easy. / It’s not useful / helpful / important.根據第2段的內容回答。
4. Do pleasure reading.由第1段第1句可知。
5. We can learn what we need.由第4段可知。
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